CN116834534A - 紧凑的三挡混合变速器 - Google Patents

紧凑的三挡混合变速器 Download PDF

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Publication number
CN116834534A
CN116834534A CN202211663173.2A CN202211663173A CN116834534A CN 116834534 A CN116834534 A CN 116834534A CN 202211663173 A CN202211663173 A CN 202211663173A CN 116834534 A CN116834534 A CN 116834534A
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China
Prior art keywords
transmission
shaft
input shaft
motor vehicle
hybrid
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Pending
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CN202211663173.2A
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English (en)
Inventor
S·贝克
F·库特尔
M·韦克斯
T·马丁
M·霍恩
J·卡尔滕巴赫
M·拉迪克
M·巴赫曼
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ZF Friedrichshafen AG
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ZF Friedrichshafen AG
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Publication of CN116834534A publication Critical patent/CN116834534A/zh
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    • B60VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60KARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PROPULSION UNITS OR OF TRANSMISSIONS IN VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PLURAL DIVERSE PRIME-MOVERS IN VEHICLES; AUXILIARY DRIVES FOR VEHICLES; INSTRUMENTATION OR DASHBOARDS FOR VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENTS IN CONNECTION WITH COOLING, AIR INTAKE, GAS EXHAUST OR FUEL SUPPLY OF PROPULSION UNITS IN VEHICLES
    • B60K6/00Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00
    • B60K6/20Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs
    • B60K6/22Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs characterised by apparatus, components or means specially adapted for HEVs
    • B60K6/36Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs characterised by apparatus, components or means specially adapted for HEVs characterised by the transmission gearings
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    • B60K6/365Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs characterised by apparatus, components or means specially adapted for HEVs characterised by the transmission gearings with the gears having orbital motion
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    • B60K6/00Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00
    • B60K6/20Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs
    • B60K6/22Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs characterised by apparatus, components or means specially adapted for HEVs
    • B60K6/38Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs characterised by apparatus, components or means specially adapted for HEVs characterised by the driveline clutches
    • B60K6/387Actuated clutches, i.e. clutches engaged or disengaged by electric, hydraulic or mechanical actuating means
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    • B60K6/00Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00
    • B60K6/20Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs
    • B60K6/42Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs characterised by the architecture of the hybrid electric vehicle
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    • B60K6/00Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00
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    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16HGEARING
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    • F16H37/02Combinations of mechanical gearings, not provided for in groups F16H1/00 - F16H35/00 comprising essentially only toothed or friction gearings
    • F16H37/04Combinations of toothed gearings only
    • F16H37/042Combinations of toothed gearings only change gear transmissions in group arrangement
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    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60KARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PROPULSION UNITS OR OF TRANSMISSIONS IN VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PLURAL DIVERSE PRIME-MOVERS IN VEHICLES; AUXILIARY DRIVES FOR VEHICLES; INSTRUMENTATION OR DASHBOARDS FOR VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENTS IN CONNECTION WITH COOLING, AIR INTAKE, GAS EXHAUST OR FUEL SUPPLY OF PROPULSION UNITS IN VEHICLES
    • B60K6/00Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00
    • B60K6/20Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs
    • B60K6/42Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs characterised by the architecture of the hybrid electric vehicle
    • B60K6/48Parallel type
    • B60K2006/4825Electric machine connected or connectable to gearbox input shaft
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60KARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PROPULSION UNITS OR OF TRANSMISSIONS IN VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PLURAL DIVERSE PRIME-MOVERS IN VEHICLES; AUXILIARY DRIVES FOR VEHICLES; INSTRUMENTATION OR DASHBOARDS FOR VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENTS IN CONNECTION WITH COOLING, AIR INTAKE, GAS EXHAUST OR FUEL SUPPLY OF PROPULSION UNITS IN VEHICLES
    • B60K6/00Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00
    • B60K6/20Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs
    • B60K6/42Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs characterised by the architecture of the hybrid electric vehicle
    • B60K6/48Parallel type
    • B60K2006/4833Step up or reduction gearing driving generator, e.g. to operate generator in most efficient speed range

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Abstract

本发明涉及一种用于机动车(10)的机动车驱动传动系(12)的混合变速器(18),包括:用于将混合变速器与机动车的内燃机(16)作用连接的第一变速器输入轴(24);用于将混合变速器与机动车的第一电驱动机(14)作用连接的第二变速器输入轴(26);用于将混合变速器与从动端(32)作用连接的从动轴(28);一个行星齿轮组(RS),该行星齿轮组与第一变速器输入轴、中间轴和从动轴驱动作用地连接;设置在多个齿轮组平面中的用于形成各挡位的正齿轮副(ST1、ST2、ST3);和具有用于接合各挡位的切换元件(A、B、C、D、E)的多个换挡装置,其中,第一变速器输入轴借助于用于形成各挡位的正齿轮副中的第一正齿轮副驱动作用地与行星齿轮组连接;并且所述正齿轮副中的第二正齿轮副和第三正齿轮副分配给中间轴和第一变速器输入轴。本发明还涉及一种机动车驱动传动系(12)、一种用于运行机动车驱动传动系的方法和一种机动车(10)。

Description

紧凑的三挡混合变速器
技术领域
本发明涉及一种混合变速器、具有这种混合变速器的机动车驱动传动系、具有这种机动车驱动传动系的机动车以及用于运行这种机动车驱动传动系的方法。
背景技术
车辆越来越多地配备有混合动力驱动装置,即配备有至少两种不同的驱动源。混合动力驱动装置有助于减少燃料消耗和污染物排放。具有一个内燃机和一个或多个电动机的驱动传动系作为并联式混合动力或混合式混合动力已在很大程度上被接受。这种混合动力驱动装置具有在动力流中基本上并联设置的内燃机和电驱动机。在此既可以实现驱动力矩的叠加,也可以实现借助纯内燃机驱动或纯电动机驱动的控制。由于电驱动机和内燃机的驱动力矩可以根据控制相加,因而内燃机可以设计得相对小和/或暂时停用。由此,可以显著减少二氧化碳排放,而功率或舒适度没有明显降低。因此,电驱动机的可能性和优势可以与内燃机的续航里程、功率和成本优势相结合。
上述混合动力驱动装置的一个缺点在于结构通常较复杂,因为两种驱动源优选仅借助一个变速器将驱动功率传输到驱动轴。由此,这种变速器通常很复杂且生产成本高昂。混合变速器结构复杂性的降低大多伴随着可变性的损失。
通过专用混合变速器(Dedicated Hybrid Transmissions,DHT)可以至少部分地克服该缺点,在专用混合变速器中将电机集成到变速器中以实现全部功能范围。例如在变速器中尤其是可以简化机械变速器部件,例如通过取消倒挡,取而代之使用至少一个电机。
专用混合变速器可以来自已知的变速器设计方案,即来自双离合器变速器、变矩器行星变速器、无级变速器(CVT)或自动变速器。电机在此优选是变速器的一部分。
由公开文献DE 10 2013 215 114 A1已知一种机动车的混合动力驱动装置,所述混合动力驱动装置包括具有驱动轴的内燃机、可作为电动机并作为发电机运行的具有转子的电机、设计为副轴结构的自动变速器,该自动变速器具有一个输入轴和至少一个输出轴以及构造为行星齿轮结构的具有两个输入元件和一个输出元件的叠加传动机构。在该混合动力驱动装置中规定,叠加传动机构同轴地设置在输出轴的一个自由端部之上并且叠加传动机构的第一输入元件不可相对转动地与同轴地设置在输出轴之上的空心轴连接,该空心轴为了与内燃机连接可以通过耦联切换元件不可相对转动地与变速器的直接轴向相邻的正齿轮级的活动齿轮连接并且为了桥接叠加传动机构可以通过桥接切换元件不可相对转动地与叠加传动机构的第二输入元件或输出元件连接。此外规定,叠加传动机构的第二输入元件持久地与电机的转子驱动连接并且叠加传动机构的输出元件不可相对转动地与输出轴连接。
发明内容
在这种背景下,技术人员所要解决的任务是提供一种具有简单机械结构的紧凑的混合变速器。此外,优选应实现一种驱动传动系配置,在其中混合变速器与从动轴同轴地定位并且内燃机和/或电驱动机可与其轴线平行地设置。尤其是应实现一种变速器,它具有多达三个挡位并且借助该变速器可以实现空挡充电、电动力学起动EDA以及电动力学换挡EDS。
上述任务由一种用于机动车的机动车驱动传动系的混合变速器来解决,所述混合变速器包括:
用于将混合变速器与机动车的内燃机作用连接的第一变速器输入轴;
用于将混合变速器与机动车的第一电驱动机作用连接的第二变速器输入轴;
用于将混合变速器与从动端作用连接的从动轴;
行星齿轮组,该行星齿轮组与第一变速器输入轴、中间轴和从动轴驱动作用地连接;
设置在多个齿轮组平面中的用于形成各挡位的正齿轮副(Stirnradpaare);和
具有用于接合各挡位的切换元件的多个换挡装置,其中,
第一变速器输入轴借助于用于形成各挡位的正齿轮副中的第一正齿轮副驱动作用地与行星齿轮组连接;并且
所述正齿轮副中的第二正齿轮副和第三正齿轮副分配给中间轴和第一变速器输入轴。
上述任务还通过一种用于机动车的机动车驱动传动系来解决,所述机动车驱动传动系包括:
如上定义的混合变速器;
能与第一变速器输入轴连接的内燃机;和
与第二变速器输入轴驱动作用地连接的第一电驱动机。
此外,上述任务通过一种如上定义的用于运行机动车驱动传动系的方法来解决。
最后,上述任务通过一种机动车来解决,该机动车包括:
如上定义的机动车驱动传动系;和
能量存储器,所述能量存储器用于存储用于给第一电驱动机、第二电驱动机和/或另一电机供电的能量。
本发明的优选实施方式在从属权利要求中描述。不言而喻,在不脱离本发明范围的情况下,上述特征和下面还要解释的特征不仅可以以分别给出的组合使用,而且也可以以其它组合或单独使用。尤其是机动车驱动传动系、机动车以及方法可以根据在从属权利要求中对于混合变速器所描述的实施方式来实施。
通过用于将混合变速器与内燃机作用连接的第一变速器输入轴和用于将混合变速器与第一电驱动机作用连接的第二变速器输入轴可以以技术上简单的方式提供一种紧凑的混合变速器。作用连接既可以实施成可切换的也可以实施成不可切换的。通过一个与第一变速器输入轴、中间轴和从动轴驱动作用地连接的行星齿轮组可以提供功能范围广且紧凑的混合变速器。尤其是可以提供一种混合变速器,借助其可以实现空挡充电以及电动力学起动和电动力学换挡。可以在结构紧凑的同时提供具有简单的结构和仅仅三个致动器的混合变速器。混合变速器在内燃机和电气方面具有小的部件负荷以及低的变速器损耗和良好的啮合效率。此外,借助该变速器可以实现从动端受支持的换挡。尽管结构紧凑,但可以有利地以致动器接近混合变速器的所有切换元件。借助所公开的混合变速器,可以从空挡充电状态过渡到用于内燃机的所有挡位中。此外,可以从电动力学叠加状态过渡到用于内燃机的所有挡位中。此外,不言而喻,代替内燃机,也可使用用作主行驶机器的主电机。“正齿轮副分配给变速器轴”尤其是可理解为可以借助正齿轮副建立与该变速器轴的驱动作用连接或驱动作用地与相应的变速器轴连接。
在一种有利的实施方式中,第一电驱动机在与内燃机的连接侧相对置的变速器侧连接到混合变速器上。补充或替代地,从第一电驱动机或内燃机的连接侧开始,以第三正齿轮副、第二正齿轮副、行星齿轮组、第一正齿轮副的顺序设置。此外,补充或替代地,从动端设置在混合变速器的变速器中部。因此,上述变速器元件的布置顺序可以在混合变速器中镜像地进行。由此,混合变速器可在技术上简单地适应不同的安装空间要求。通过设置在混合变速器的变速器中部的从动端,可以改善混合变速器的轴向紧凑性。
在另一种有利的实施方式中,在用于形成各挡位的正齿轮副中的两个正齿轮副中,活动齿轮的布置与固定齿轮的布置可互换。替代或补充地,用于形成各挡位的正齿轮副中的两个正齿轮副的轴向布置可互换。此外,替代或补充地,第一变速器输入轴包括第一子轴和第二子轴,它们彼此同轴地设置并且可通过接合切换元件驱动作用地相互连接,第三正齿轮副优选包括两个固定齿轮。通过至少两个正齿轮副的活动齿轮和固定齿轮或轴向布置的可互换性,可以提供高度灵活的混合变速器,其可以有利地适应不同的安装空间要求,而不损失功能性。通过分开的第一变速器输入轴,可以进一步改善混合变速器的轴向紧凑性。不言而喻,对于分开的第一变速器输入轴优选使用非传统的切换元件,以使这两个子轴驱动作用地相互连接。通过分开的第一变速器输入轴,设置在第一变速器输入轴上的双切换元件可以设置在与行星齿轮组基本上相同的齿轮组平面中,由此可以实现混合变速器的轴向缩短。
在另一种有利的实施方式中,混合变速器具有变速器驱动轴,该变速器驱动轴与第一变速器输入轴驱动作用地连接并且与第一变速器输入轴轴线平行地设置。补充或替代地,从动轴与从动端的差速器驱动作用地作用连接,差速器包括用于将驱动功率从混合变速器传递到机动车的车轮的差速器轴,该差速器轴与从动轴轴线平行地设置并且构造用于穿过第一电驱动机,以便能够将第一电驱动机围绕差速器轴设置。由此,可以改善具有这种混合变速器的驱动传动系的轴向紧凑性。通过有利的上述布置,可以实现内燃机相对于混合变速器的变速器轴线的轴线平行连接。不言而喻,在变速器驱动轴上可以附加地设置有减振器或减振元件。此外,可以实现第一电驱动机在差速器轴上的支承。可以提供一种高效的节省空间的驱动传动系。
在另一种有利的实施方式中,行星齿轮组的行星齿轮架与从动轴驱动作用地连接,行星齿轮组的太阳轮与中间轴连接并且行星齿轮组的齿圈与第一变速器输入轴连接。作为替代方案,行星齿轮组的行星齿轮架与从动轴连接,行星齿轮组的齿圈与中间轴连接并且行星齿轮组的太阳轮与第一变速器输入轴连接。通过上述两种替代连接,第一电驱动机可以在电动力学起动或电动力学换挡期间以低补偿转速运行或者在电动力学起动和电动力学换挡期间仅施加低支持扭矩。此外,通过这两种替代连接,在电动力学起动时发电机式运行的持续时间可以更长或更短。
在另一种有利的实施方式中,混合变速器具有用于将第一变速器输入轴与内燃机可分离地驱动作用地连接的内燃机离合器,所述内燃机离合器优选设置在变速器驱动轴上。不言而喻,内燃机离合器可以构造为爪式切换元件或摩擦切换元件。内燃机离合器使得内燃机能够与混合变速器解耦并且因此可以借助混合变速器建立高效的纯电动行驶模式。摩擦离合器能实现内燃机的所谓的飞轮式起动(Schwungstart)并且因此用作用于内燃机的起动元件。通过内燃机离合器可以增加混合变速器的可变性和效率。此外,内燃机离合器出于功能安全技术的原因可以应用在混合变速器中。
在另一种有利的实施方式中,第一切换元件构造用于将第一变速器输入轴借助于第二正齿轮副驱动作用地与中间轴连接。补充或替代地,第二切换元件构造用于将第一变速器输入轴借助于第三正齿轮副驱动作用地与中间轴连接。此外,补充或替代地,第三切换元件构造用于将第二变速器输入轴驱动作用地与从动轴连接。补充或替代地,第四切换元件构造用于将第二变速器输入轴驱动作用地借助于第一正齿轮副与第一变速器输入轴连接。最后,补充或替代地,第五切换元件构造用于将第二变速器输入轴驱动作用地与中间轴连接。通过切换元件的这种有利布置,借助混合变速器可以建立三个具有多种变型的混合动力挡位以及一个纯电动挡位。此外,可以分别通过接合一个唯一的切换元件来建立电动力学叠加状态、空挡充电状态以及电动挡位。可以提供一种可变且紧凑的混合变速器,其中通过接合最多两个切换元件可以切换包括所有变型在内的所有混合动力挡位。
在另一种有利的实施方式中,混合变速器具有正好三个正齿轮副、正好一个行星齿轮组和正好五个切换元件以用于形成三个混合动力挡位。通过使用正好三个正齿轮副和一个行星齿轮组,可以实现具有较少齿啮合的紧凑的混合变速器,其实现三个具有多种变型的混合动力挡位、一个纯电动挡位、一种电动力学叠加状态和一种空挡充电状态。通过使用正好五个切换元件可以实现一种可简单控制的紧凑的混合变速器。
在另一种有利的实施方式中,第一变速器输入轴构造成无切换元件的。补充或替代地,中间轴构造为空心轴并且至少在部分区段上包围第二变速器输入轴。此外,补充或替代地,中间轴构造为实心轴并且至少在部分区段上穿过第二变速器输入轴。通过构造成无切换元件的第一变速器输入轴可以高效且快速地进行用于第一变速器输入轴的制造过程。通过构造为空心轴并且至少在部分区段上包围第二变速器输入轴的中间轴可以进一步改善混合变速器的紧凑性。尤其是中间轴的支承能够简化地且有效地进行。通过构造为实心轴并且至少在部分区段上穿过第二变速器输入轴的中间轴可以实现混合变速器的一种替代的紧凑结构形式。
在另一种有利的实施方式中,切换元件构造为形锁合切换元件。补充或替代地,至少两个切换元件、优选四个切换元件构造为双切换元件并且可由双作用的致动器操作。形锁合切换元件可以实现高效且低成本的混合变速器。通过双切换元件可以简化混合变速器的技术结构和运行。尤其是可以借助于一个唯一的致动器来切换双切换元件,从而需要相对少的控制电子装置和控制信号以及线路来运行混合变速器。
在另一种有利的实施方式中,机动车驱动传动系优选包括另一电机,所述另一电机与第一变速器输入轴驱动作用地连接。第一电驱动机和/或优选所述另一电机可被操控为起动器发电机用以起动内燃机。补充或替代地,第一电驱动机和/或优选所述另一电机可被操控为充电发电机用以给能量存储器充电。所述另一电机优选构造为高压起动器发电机。由此可以实现高效的机动车驱动传动系。尤其是可以减少燃料消耗。不言而喻,可以取消用于内燃机的附加起动机,因为第一电驱动机和/或优选所述另一电机可以拖曳起动(anschleppen)内燃机。
在另一种有利的实施方式中,混合变速器的从动端可与第一机动车车轴驱动作用地连接并且第二机动车车轴包括具有第二电驱动机的电动车轴。由此可以在技术上简单地提供一种具有全轮驱动的混合动力驱动传动系。此外,通过机动车驱动传动系可以在技术上简单地实现无牵引力中断的换挡,因为电动车轴在混合变速器中换挡时可以维持牵引力。此外,可以提供一种用于机动车的自动防故障的驱动传动系,因为在能量存储器耗尽的情况下,可以为第二电驱动机建立所谓的串联式行驶模式。在串联式行驶模式中,优选电驱动机由内燃机发电机式地运行并且由此产生的能量被供应给第二电驱动机。由此可以实现高度可变的机动车驱动传动系,在其中尤其是也可以在能量存储器为空的情况下电动行驶并且尤其是可以电动起动。
“联锁行星齿轮组”包括将行星齿轮组的两个齿轮和/或将行星齿轮架和一个齿轮驱动作用地连接,使得它们围绕同一点、优选围绕行星齿轮组的中心点以相同的转数一起旋转。当行星齿轮组的两个齿轮和/或行星齿轮架和齿轮被联锁时,行星齿轮组的作用优选如轴,尤其是在行星齿轮组中不发生变速。
在本文中,“驱动作用地连接”或“连接”尤其是应理解为两个部件之间的不可切换的连接,该连接设置用于持续地传递转速、扭矩和/或驱动功率。该连接在此既可以直接实现,也可以通过固定传动比装置实现。该连接例如可以通过固定的轴、啮合、尤其是正齿轮啮合和/或缠绕装置、尤其是牵引传动机构来实现。
在本文中,“可(以)驱动作用地连接”或“构造用于驱动作用地连接”尤其是应理解为两个部件之间的可切换的连接,该连接在闭合状态中设置用于暂时传递转速、扭矩和/或驱动功率。在打开状态中,可切换的连接优选暂时基本上不传递转速、扭矩和/或驱动功率。
停车充电(Standladen)或空挡充电尤其是应理解为优选在静止状态且内燃机运转时电驱动机作为发电机的运行,以便为能量存储器充电和/或为车载电子设备供电。
致动器在当前尤其是将电信号转换成机械运动的部件。优选与双切换元件一起使用的致动器在两个相反的方向上进行运动,以便在第一方向上连接双切换元件的一个切换元件并且在第二方向上连接另一个切换元件。
换挡、尤其是顺序换挡尤其是通过断开一个切换元件和/或离合器并且同时接合用于下一个更高或更低挡位的切换元件和/或离合器来进行。第二切换元件和/或第二离合器逐步地从第一切换元件和/或第一离合器接管扭矩,直到换挡结束时由第二切换元件和/或第二离合器接管全部扭矩。在预先同步的情况下,可以更快地进行换挡,优选在此可以使用形锁合切换元件。
内燃机尤其可以是任何能够通过燃烧驱动介质,如汽油、柴油、煤油、乙醇、液化气、液化石油气等产生旋转运动的机器。内燃机例如可以是奥托发动机、柴油发动机、汪克尔发动机(Wankelmotor)或二冲程发动机。
在串联式行驶或缓慢行进时,机动车的电驱动机发电机式地由机动车的内燃机运行。如此产生的能量随后被供应给机动车的另一电驱动机,以提供驱动功率。
电动车轴(或简称电动轴)优选为机动车的非主驱动车轴,其中驱动功率可以借助电驱动机传递到机动车的车轮上。不言而喻,电驱动机也可以借助变速器连接。当在用于主驱动车轴的变速器中发生换挡时,可以借助电动轴完全或部分地维持牵引力。此外,借助电动轴可以至少部分地实现全轮驱动功能。
电动力学起动元件(EDA)通过一个或多个行星齿轮组将内燃机的转速和电驱动机的转速进行转速叠加,从而可以在内燃机运转的情况下——优选没有摩擦离合器地——从静止状态起动机动车。在此电驱动机支持扭矩。优选内燃机可以不再通过起动离合器或类似部件与变速器分离。通过使用EDA,可以优选省略起动机、发电机和起动离合器或液力变矩器。在此EDA结构尤其是如此紧凑,使得所有部件都可以容纳在标准的离合器壳体中,而无需延长变速器。电动力学起动元件例如可以通过软调谐的扭转减振器与内燃机并且尤其是与内燃机的飞轮固定连接。因此,电驱动机和内燃机可以选择性地同时或交替运行。如果机动车停车,则可以关闭电驱动机和内燃机。基于电驱动机的良好可控性,实现了非常高的起动质量,这可以相应于具有变矩器离合器的驱动装置的起动质量。
与在EDA起动时一样,在所谓的电动力学换挡(EDS)中,通过一个或多个行星齿轮组将内燃机的转速和电驱动机的转速叠加。在换挡开始时,调整电驱动机的扭矩和内燃机的扭矩,使得待脱开的切换元件无载荷。在打开该切换元件后,在保持牵引力的情况下调整转速,使得待接合的切换元件同步。在切换元件闭合后,内燃机和电驱动机之间的载荷分配任意根据混合动力运行策略进行。电动力学换挡方法的优点在于:目标挡位的待连接的切换元件通过电驱动机和内燃机的相互作用同步,在此电驱动机优选可以精确控制。EDS换挡方法的另一个优点是可以实现高牵引力,因为内燃机的扭矩和电机的扭矩在混合变速器中相加。
附图说明
下面结合附图参考几种选出的实施例更详细地描述和解释本发明。附图如下:
图1示出具有根据本发明的机动车驱动传动系的机动车的示意性俯视图;
图2示出根据本发明的混合变速器的一种变型方案的示意图;
图3示意性示出根据图2的混合变速器的切换状态;
图4示出混合变速器的另一种变型方案的示意图;
图5示出混合变速器的另一种变型方案的示意图;
图6示出混合变速器的另一种变型方案的示意图;
图7示出混合变速器的另一种变型方案的示意图;
图8示出混合变速器的另一种变型方案的示意图;
图9示出混合变速器的另一种变型方案的示意图;
图10示出混合变速器的另一种变型方案的示意图;和
图11示出混合变速器的另一种变型方案的示意图。
具体实施方式
在图1中示意性示出具有机动车驱动传动系12的机动车10。机动车驱动传动系12具有第一电驱动机14和内燃机16,它们借助于混合变速器18与机动车10的前轴连接。在所示示例中,机动车驱动传动系12还包括可选的具有第二电驱动机20的电动轴,该第二电驱动机与机动车10的后轴连接。不言而喻,也可以反过来连接,使得混合变速器18与机动车10的后轴连接并且机动车10的前轴包括电动轴。第一电驱动机14、内燃机16和/或可选的第二电驱动机20的驱动功率通过机动车驱动传动系12供应给机动车10的车轮。机动车10还具有能量存储器22,以存储能量,该能量用于给第一电驱动机14和/或第二电驱动机20供电。
图2示出根据本发明的混合变速器18的一种简化变型方案。混合变速器18具有第一变速器输入轴24和第二变速器输入轴26,它们构造用于将驱动机14、16的驱动功率传递到混合变速器18中。
第一变速器输入轴24构造为实心轴并且与第二变速器输入轴26轴线平行地设置,第二变速器输入轴同样构造为实心轴。第一电驱动机14通过包括三个啮合的齿轮的齿轮链驱动作用地与第二变速器输入轴26连接。
混合变速器18具有总共三个形成挡位的正齿轮副,它们用附图标记ST1至ST3表示。混合变速器18还包括一个行星齿轮组RS、一个从动轴28和一个中间轴30。
第一正齿轮副ST1包括设置在第一变速器输入轴24上的固定齿轮,该固定齿轮与设置在未详细标明的空心轴上的固定齿轮啮合。所述未详细标明的空心轴与行星齿轮组RS的齿圈连接并且可以与第二变速器输入轴26驱动作用地连接。
第二正齿轮副ST2包括设置在第一变速器输入轴24上的活动齿轮,该活动齿轮与设置在中间轴30上的固定齿轮啮合。中间轴30构造为空心轴并且至少在部分区段上包围第二变速器输入轴26。
第三正齿轮副ST3包括设置在第一变速器输入轴24上的活动齿轮,该活动齿轮与设置在中间轴30上的固定齿轮啮合:中间轴30与行星齿轮组RS的太阳轮驱动作用地连接。从动轴28与行星齿轮组RS的行星齿轮架连接并且具有从动小齿轮,以便将驱动功率从混合变速器18传递到未详细示出的从动端32。
混合变速器18还具有五个切换元件A-E。
第一切换元件A构造用于驱动作用地连接第二正齿轮副ST2的活动齿轮,即建立在第一变速器输入轴24与第二正齿轮副ST2的活动齿轮之间的不可相对转动的连接。
第二切换元件B构造用于驱动作用地连接第三正齿轮副的活动齿轮,即建立在第一变速器输入轴24与第三正齿轮副ST3的设置在第一变速器输入轴24上的活动齿轮之间的不可相对转动的连接。
第三切换元件C构造用于将从动轴28与第二变速器输入轴26驱动作用地连接。
第四切换元件D构造用于将第一变速器输入轴24借助于第一正齿轮副ST1与第二变速器输入轴26驱动作用地连接。不言而喻,由此也实现第二变速器输入轴26与行星齿轮组RS的齿圈的连接。
第五切换元件E构造用于将中间轴30与第二变速器输入轴26驱动作用地连接。不言而喻,由此也实现第二变速器输入轴26与行星齿轮组RS的太阳轮的连接。
第一切换元件A与第二切换元件B组合成双切换元件。第三切换元件C与第四切换元件D组合成双切换元件。第五切换元件E构造为单切换元件。
不言而喻,切换元件A-E可以实施为形锁合切换元件,如爪式切换元件。第一电驱动机14与第二变速器输入轴26的连接优选与从动轴28轴线平行地进行。作为所示连接的替代方案,连接可以仅通过两个啮合的齿轮、通过链条或其它牵引传动机构实现。
此外,不言而喻,内燃机16可以与第一变速器输入轴24同轴地或者特别优选与第一变速器输入轴24轴线平行地设置。
此外,在设置于混合变速器18中并且在图2中示出的齿轮组的下游可以连接一个例如呈另一行星齿轮组或正齿轮级形式的固定传动比装置。
特别优选在混合变速器18的齿轮组下游设置有差速器。
在未示出的内燃机16与第一变速器输入轴24之间优选设置有用于扭振解耦的元件,例如扭转减振器或双质量飞轮。
在图3的换挡矩阵32的第一列中示出混合动力挡位H1-H3、一个电动挡位E1、一种电动力学叠加状态EDA以及一种空挡充电状态LiN。在第二至第六列中示出切换元件A-E的切换状态,其中,“X”表示相应的切换元件闭合,即它将相配的变速器部件驱动作用地相互连接。如果没有记录内容,则认为相应的切换元件打开,即不传递驱动功率。
第一混合动力挡位的第一变型H1.1通过闭合第三切换元件C和第五切换元件E来建立。
第一混合动力挡位的第二变型H1.2通过闭合第四切换元件D和第五切换元件E来建立。
第一混合动力挡位的第三变型H1.3通过闭合第三切换元件C和第四切换元件D来建立。
第二混合动力挡位的第一变型H2.1可以通过闭合第一切换元件A和第三切换元件C来建立。
第二混合动力挡位的第二变型H2.2可以通过闭合第一切换元件A和第五切换元件E来建立。
第二混合动力挡位的第三变型H2.3可以通过闭合第一切换元件A和第四切换元件D来建立。
第三混合动力挡位的第一变型H3.1通过闭合第二切换元件B和第三切换元件C来建立。
第三混合动力挡位的第二变型H3.2通过闭合第二切换元件B和第五切换元件E来建立。
第三混合动力挡位的第三变型H3.3可以通过闭合第二切换元件B和第四切换元件D来建立。
电动挡位E1可以通过闭合第三切换元件C来建立。
电动力学叠加状态EDA通过闭合第五切换元件E来建立。
空挡充电状态LiN可以通过闭合第四切换元件D来建立。
为了内燃机行驶或混合动力行驶,提供三个不同的混合动力挡位用于内燃机16。
如果仅第三切换元件C闭合,则可以纯电动行驶,因为第一电驱动机14直接与从动端32连接。
如果仅第五切换元件E闭合,则在行星齿轮组RS上产生电动力学叠加状态。内燃机16于是通过第一正齿轮副ST1与行星齿轮组RS的齿圈连接,第一电驱动机14通过第五切换元件E在行星齿轮组RS的太阳轮上支持内燃机16的扭矩。行星齿轮组RS的行星齿轮架与从动端32、尤其是从动轴28连接。通过这种切换状态可以实现向前的电动力学起动EDA。从该EDA模式起可以接合第一混合动力挡位的第一变型H1.1、第一混合动力挡位的第二变型H1.2、第二混合动力挡位的第二变型H2.2和第三混合动力挡位的第二变型H3.2,因为第五切换元件E在这些切换状态中均闭合。
从第一挡位到第二挡位的换挡可以在从动侧上受第一电驱动机14支持地进行,在此,第三切换元件C保持闭合。然后从第一混合动力挡位的第一变型H1.1变换到第二混合动力挡位的第一变型H2.1。从第二挡位到第三挡位的换挡同样可以在从动侧上受第一电驱动机14支持地进行,在此,第三切换元件C保持闭合。然后,从第二混合动力挡位的第一变型H2.1变换到第三混合动力挡位的第一变型H3.1。
在混合动力运行中,从第一混合动力挡位的第一变型到第二混合动力挡位的第一变型H2.1的机电式(EMS)或电动力学式(EDS)带负载换挡例如可以如下进行。在起点中,即在第一混合动力挡位的第一变型H1.1中,第三切换元件C和第五切换元件E闭合。然后在第五切换元件E上消减负载并且同时在第一电驱动机14上建立负载。打开第五切换元件E。降低内燃机16的转速,使得第一切换元件A同步。为此,例如与内燃机16驱动作用连接的另一电机发电机式地运行或者内燃机16可以进入惯性运行。随后,第一切换元件A可以被接合。在该换挡过程期间,第三切换元件C保持闭合。
如果仅第四切换元件D闭合,则第一电驱动机14可以与从动端32无关地与内燃机16连接。在此情况下,第一电驱动机14和内燃机16彼此以固定比率旋转。由此,一方面内燃机16可以借助于第一电驱动机14起动,另一方面第一电驱动机14可以作为发电机运行并且为电能量存储器22充电或为其它用电设备供电。用电设备也可以是第二电驱动机20,其优选设置在另一车轴上并且形成所谓的电动后轴。从空挡充电状态LiN可以过渡到第一混合动力挡位的第二变型H1.2、第一混合动力挡位的第三变型H1.3、第二混合动力挡位的第三变型H2.3和第三混合动力挡位的第三变型H3.3,因为第四切换元件D在这些切换状态中均闭合。
如果如图1所示存在电动后轴,则可以借助于这种组合来提供全轮驱动系统。例如DHT、即专用混合变速器可以借助内燃机16和第一电驱动机14设计为纯前轮驱动装置,附加的后轴驱动借助单独的第二电驱动机20实现。
在此情况下,电动力学叠加状态EDA是用于内燃机16的功率分流式E-CVT行驶范围,其中也可实现电池中性(batterieneutral)的运行。CVT行驶范围尤其是应理解为无级变速行驶范围(Continuous Variable Transmission)。
通过第二电驱动机20可以实现牵引力支持。如果在混合变速器18中需要换挡,在此期间混合变速器18的从动端32变为无载荷的,则第二电驱动机20可以提供牵引力支持。这种过渡例如可以在下述情况下进行:如果首先借助于第一电驱动机14和/或第二电驱动机20进行纯电动行驶并且随后应在空挡中借助于第一电驱动机14起动内燃机16。
在图4中示出机动车驱动传动系12中的根据本发明的混合变速器18的一种变型方案。与图2中所示的实施方式不同的是,变速器元件的顺序是准镜像的,因此从未示出的内燃机16的连接侧看,首先是第三正齿轮副ST3、然后是包括第二切换元件B和第一切换元件A的双切换元件、然后是第二正齿轮副ST2、然后是行星齿轮组RS、然后是第一正齿轮副ST1、然后是包括第四切换元件D和第三切换元件C的双切换元件以及最后是第五切换元件E设置在混合变速器18中。根据图4的混合变速器18的连接和作用方式在此与根据图2的混合变速器18相同。
通过这些部件在混合变速器18中的替代布置,中间轴30构造为实心轴并且至少在部分区段上穿过构造为空心轴的第二变速器输入轴26。
图5示出根据本发明的混合变速器18的另一种变型方案。与图2所示的实施方式不同的是,第一变速器输入轴24包括第一子轴24a和第二子轴24b,第二切换元件B构造用于将第一子轴24a与第二子轴24b驱动作用地连接。由此,第三正齿轮副ST3可以具有设置在第二子轴24b上的固定齿轮和设置在中间轴30上的固定齿轮。第一切换元件A在所示的实施方式中构造用于将第二正齿轮副ST2的设置在第二子轴24b上的活动齿轮驱动作用地与第一子轴24a连接。
图6示出根据本发明的混合变速器18的另一种变型方案。与图2中所示的实施方式不同,第二正齿轮副ST2和第三正齿轮副ST3的活动齿轮和固定齿轮连接分别互换,从而第一变速器输入轴24可以实施成无切换元件的。包括第一切换元件A和第二切换元件B的双切换元件设置在中间轴30上并且将第二正齿轮副ST2或第三正齿轮副ST3的活动齿轮分别驱动作用地与中间轴30连接。
图7示出根据本发明的混合变速器18的另一种变型方案。与在图2中所示的实施方式不同,第三正齿轮副ST3和第二正齿轮副ST2以及相配的切换元件B、A在其轴向位置方面被互换。
在图8中示出根据本发明的混合变速器18的另一种变型方案。与图2所示的实施方式不同,根据图8所示的实施方式具有行星齿轮组RS的改变的连接。尤其是行星齿轮组RS的齿圈和太阳轮上的连接互换,在此从动轴28与行星齿轮架在两种实施方式中连接。因此,中间轴30与行星齿轮组RS的齿圈驱动作用地连接并且第一变速器输入轴24通过第一正齿轮副ST1与行星齿轮组RS的太阳轮驱动作用地连接。由此第一电驱动机14在电动力学起动或电动力学换挡时可以以较小的补偿转速运行。第一电驱动机14在电动力学起动或电动力学换挡时必须施加更高的支持扭矩并且可以以较少时间发电机式地运行,因为与第一电驱动机14连接到行星齿轮组RS的太阳轮上的情况相比,随着行驶速度的增加发电机式运行更早地结束。
图9示出根据本发明的混合变速器18的另一种变型方案。根据图9的混合变速器18在此基本上相应于图2中示出的混合变速器18,在图9中更详细地示出从动端32。从动端32通过设置在行星齿轮组RS和第二正齿轮副ST2之间的从动小齿轮形成在从动轴28上。该从动小齿轮与设置在差速器上的固定齿轮啮合并且因此将驱动功率从混合变速器18传递到差速器。此外,差速器具有差速器轴40,该差速器轴穿过第一电驱动机14的转子轴。换言之,第一电动驱动机14可以支承在差速器轴40上。
此外,混合变速器18具有变速器驱动轴36,该变速器驱动轴与第一变速器输入轴24轴线平行地设置并且通过牵引传动机构驱动作用地借助设置在变速器外侧处的固定齿轮与第一变速器输入轴24连接。变速器驱动轴36通过扭振减振器或另一原则上由现有技术中已知的用于扭振解耦的元件与内燃机16连接。此外,在变速器驱动轴36上设置有用于连接另一电机38的固定齿轮。所述另一电机38通过牵引传动机构与变速器驱动轴36作用连接。特别优选所述另一电机38可以构造为高压起动器发电机。
不言而喻,作为替代方案变速器驱动轴36与第一变速器输入轴24以及与所述另一电机38的连接也可以构造为齿轮链。
在图10中示出根据本发明的混合变速器18的另一种变型方案。与图9中所示的实施方式不同,变速器驱动轴36包括内燃机离合器K0。内燃机离合器K0构造用于将变速器驱动轴36可分离地与内燃机16驱动作用地连接。在此内燃机离合器K0设置在用于扭振解耦的元件和变速器驱动轴36的两个连接齿轮之间,使得所述另一电机38始终与第一变速器输入轴24驱动连接。
在图10所示的示例中,内燃机离合器K0实施为形锁合切换元件,如爪式离合器。
在图11中示出根据本发明的混合变速器18的另一种变型方案。与图10中所示的实施方式不同,内燃机离合器K0实施为摩擦锁合切换元件。
不言而喻,机动车驱动传动系12或混合变速器18也可以在没有内燃机离合器K0的情况下运行。然而,内燃机离合器K0出于不同的原因、例如出于功能安全技术的原因是有意义的。尤其是如图11所示的摩擦锁合切换元件形式的内燃机离合器K0可以实现内燃机16的拖曳起动(Schleppstart)。尤其是在具有所述另一电机38的实施方式中内燃机离合器K0是意义的。
已经参照附图和说明书广泛地描述和解释了本发明。描述和解释应理解为示例性的而非限制性的。本发明不限于所公开的实施方式。在使用本发明和仔细分析附图、公开内容和下面的权利要求时,技术人员很容易得出其它实施方式或变化。
在权利要求中,词语“包括”和“具有”不排除其它元件或步骤的存在。不定冠词“一个”不排除复数的存在。单个元件或单个单元可以执行权利要求中提到的多个单元的功能。仅仅在多个不同的从属权利要求中提到一些措施不能理解为这些措施的组合也不能被有利地使用。权利要求中的附图标记不应被理解为限制性的。用于运行机动车驱动传动系12的方法例如可以实现为计算机程序的形式,该计算机程序在用于机动车驱动传动系12的控制器上被执行。计算机程序可以存储/分布在非易失性介质上,如光学存储器或半导体驱动器(SSD)。计算机程序可以与硬件一起和/或作为硬件的一部分销售,例如借助于互联网或借助于有线或无线通信系统。
附图标记列表
10机动车
12机动车驱动传动系
14第一电驱动机
16内燃机
18混合变速器
20第二电驱动机
22能量存储器
24第一变速器输入轴
26第二变速器输入轴
28从动轴
30中间轴
32从动端
34换挡矩阵
36变速器驱动轴
38另一电机
40差速器轴
A至E切换元件
K0内燃机离合器
ST 1至ST3正齿轮副

Claims (15)

1.用于机动车(10)的机动车驱动传动系(12)的混合变速器(18),所述混合变速器包括:
用于将混合变速器与机动车的内燃机(16)作用连接的第一变速器输入轴(24);
用于将混合变速器与机动车的第一电驱动机(14)作用连接的第二变速器输入轴(26);
用于将混合变速器与从动端(32)作用连接的从动轴(28);
行星齿轮组(RS),该行星齿轮组与第一变速器输入轴、中间轴(30)和从动轴驱动作用地连接;
设置在多个齿轮组平面中的、用于形成多个挡位的多个正齿轮副(ST1、ST2、ST3);和
具有用于接合挡位的切换元件(A、B、C、D、E)的多个换挡装置,其中,
第一变速器输入轴借助于用于形成各挡位的正齿轮副中的第一正齿轮副驱动作用地与行星齿轮组连接;并且
所述正齿轮副中的第二正齿轮副和第三正齿轮副分配给中间轴和第一变速器输入轴。
2.根据权利要求1所述的混合变速器(18),其中,
所述第一电驱动机在与内燃机的连接侧相对置的变速器侧连接到混合变速器上;
从第一电驱动机(14)和/或内燃机的连接侧开始,第三正齿轮副(ST3)、第二正齿轮副(ST2)、行星齿轮组(RS)和第一正齿轮副(ST1)以该顺序设置;和/或
从动端(32)设置在混合变速器的变速器中部。
3.根据权利要求1或2所述的混合变速器(18),其中,
在用于形成各挡位的正齿轮副(ST1、ST2、ST3)中的两个正齿轮副中,活动齿轮的布置与固定齿轮的布置能互换;
用于形成各挡位的正齿轮副(ST1、ST2、ST3)中的两个正齿轮副的轴向布置能互换;和/或
第一变速器输入轴(24)包括第一子轴(24a)和第二子轴(24b),它们彼此同轴地设置并且能通过置入一个切换元件(B)驱动作用地相互连接,第三正齿轮副优选包括两个固定齿轮。
4.根据上述权利要求中任一项所述的混合变速器(18),其中,
所述混合变速器具有变速器驱动轴(36),该变速器驱动轴与第一变速器输入轴(24)驱动作用地连接并且与第一变速器输入轴轴线平行地设置,和/或
从动轴(28)与从动端(32)的差速器驱动作用地作用连接,所述差速器包括用于将驱动功率从混合变速器传递到机动车(10)的车轮的差速器轴(40),该差速器轴与从动轴轴线平行地设置并且该差速器轴构造用于穿过第一电驱动机(14),以便能够将第一电驱动机围绕差速器轴设置。
5.根据上述权利要求中任一项所述的混合变速器(18),其中,
所述行星齿轮组(RS)的行星齿轮架与从动轴(28)驱动作用地连接;
所述行星齿轮组的太阳轮与中间轴(30)连接并且所述行星齿轮组的齿圈与第一变速器输入轴(24)连接;或者
所述行星齿轮组的齿圈与中间轴连接并且所述行星齿轮组的太阳轮与第一变速器输入轴连接。
6.根据上述权利要求中任一项所述的混合变速器(18),所述混合变速器具有用于将第一变速器输入轴(24)与内燃机(16)可分离地驱动作用连接的内燃机离合器(K0),所述内燃机离合器优选设置在变速器驱动轴(36)上。
7.根据上述权利要求中任一项所述的混合变速器(18),其中,
第一切换元件(A)构造用于,将第一变速器输入轴(24)借助于第二正齿轮副(ST2)驱动作用地与中间轴(30)连接;
第二切换元件(B)构造用于,将第一变速器输入轴借助于第三正齿轮副(ST3)驱动作用地与第一中间轴连接;
第三切换元件(C)构造用于,将第二变速器输入轴(26)驱动作用地与从动轴(28)连接;
第四切换元件(D)构造用于,将第二变速器输入轴驱动作用地借助于第一正齿轮副与第一变速器输入轴连接;和/或
第五切换元件(E)构造用于,将第二变速器输入轴驱动作用地与中间轴连接。
8.根据上述权利要求中任一项所述的混合变速器(18),其中,所述混合变速器具有正好三个正齿轮副(ST1、ST2、ST3)、正好一个行星齿轮组(RS)和正好五个切换元件(A、B、C、D、E)以用于形成三个混合挡位。
9.根据上述权利要求中任一项所述的混合变速器(18),其中,
第一变速器输入轴(24)构造成无切换元件的;
中间轴(30)构造为空心轴并且至少在部分区段上包围第二变速器输入轴(26);和/或
中间轴(30)构造为实心轴并且至少在部分区段上穿过第二变速器输入轴(26)。
10.根据前述权利要求中任一项所述的混合变速器(18),其中,所述切换元件(A、B、C、D、E)构造为形锁合切换元件;和/或至少两个所述切换元件、优选四个切换元件构造为双切换元件并且能由双作用的致动器操作。
11.用于机动车(10)的机动车驱动传动系(12),所述机动车驱动传动系包括:
根据上述权利要求中任一项所述的混合变速器(18);
能与第一变速器输入轴(24)连接的内燃机(16);和
与第二变速器输入轴(26)驱动作用地连接的第一电驱动机(14)。
12.根据权利要求11所述的机动车驱动传动系(12),其中,所述机动车驱动传动系优选包括另一电机(38),所述另一电机与第一变速器输入轴(24)驱动作用地连接,并且第一电驱动机(14)和/或优选所述另一电机
-能被操控成起动器发电机以用于起动内燃机(16);和/或
-能被操控成充电发电机以用于给能量存储器(22)充电。
13.根据权利要求11或12所述的机动车驱动传动系(12),其中,所述混合变速器(18)的从动端(32)能驱动作用地与第一机动车车轴连接并且第二机动车车轴包括具有第二电驱动机(20)的电动车轴;并且优选第一电驱动机(14)和/或所述另一电机(38)能被操控成发电机以用于给第二电驱动机(20)供电,以建立串行式行驶模式。
14.用于运行根据权利要求11至13中任一项所述的机动车驱动传动系(12)的方法。
15.机动车(10),包括:
根据权利要求11至13中任一项所述的机动车驱动传动系(12);和
能量存储器(22),所述能量存储器用于存储用于给第一电驱动机(14)、第二电驱动机(20)和/或另一电机(38)供电的能量。
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