CN116803726A - 混合结构形式的混合动力变速器 - Google Patents

混合结构形式的混合动力变速器 Download PDF

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Publication number
CN116803726A
CN116803726A CN202211664261.4A CN202211664261A CN116803726A CN 116803726 A CN116803726 A CN 116803726A CN 202211664261 A CN202211664261 A CN 202211664261A CN 116803726 A CN116803726 A CN 116803726A
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China
Prior art keywords
transmission
shaft
input shaft
hybrid
motor vehicle
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Pending
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CN202211664261.4A
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English (en)
Inventor
S·贝克
F·库特尔
M·霍恩
T·马丁
M·韦克斯
J·卡尔滕巴赫
M·拉迪克
M·巴赫曼
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ZF Friedrichshafen AG
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ZF Friedrichshafen AG
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Publication of CN116803726A publication Critical patent/CN116803726A/zh
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60W—CONJOINT CONTROL OF VEHICLE SUB-UNITS OF DIFFERENT TYPE OR DIFFERENT FUNCTION; CONTROL SYSTEMS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR HYBRID VEHICLES; ROAD VEHICLE DRIVE CONTROL SYSTEMS FOR PURPOSES NOT RELATED TO THE CONTROL OF A PARTICULAR SUB-UNIT
    • B60W10/00—Conjoint control of vehicle sub-units of different type or different function
    • B60W10/10—Conjoint control of vehicle sub-units of different type or different function including control of change-speed gearings
    • B60W10/11—Stepped gearings
    • B60W10/115—Stepped gearings with planetary gears
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60K—ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PROPULSION UNITS OR OF TRANSMISSIONS IN VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PLURAL DIVERSE PRIME-MOVERS IN VEHICLES; AUXILIARY DRIVES FOR VEHICLES; INSTRUMENTATION OR DASHBOARDS FOR VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENTS IN CONNECTION WITH COOLING, AIR INTAKE, GAS EXHAUST OR FUEL SUPPLY OF PROPULSION UNITS IN VEHICLES
    • B60K6/00—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00
    • B60K6/20—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs
    • B60K6/22—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs characterised by apparatus, components or means specially adapted for HEVs
    • B60K6/36—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs characterised by apparatus, components or means specially adapted for HEVs characterised by the transmission gearings
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
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    • B60K6/00—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00
    • B60K6/20—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs
    • B60K6/22—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs characterised by apparatus, components or means specially adapted for HEVs
    • B60K6/36—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs characterised by apparatus, components or means specially adapted for HEVs characterised by the transmission gearings
    • B60K6/365—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs characterised by apparatus, components or means specially adapted for HEVs characterised by the transmission gearings with the gears having orbital motion
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
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    • B60K6/20—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs
    • B60K6/22—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs characterised by apparatus, components or means specially adapted for HEVs
    • B60K6/38—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs characterised by apparatus, components or means specially adapted for HEVs characterised by the driveline clutches
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60K—ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PROPULSION UNITS OR OF TRANSMISSIONS IN VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PLURAL DIVERSE PRIME-MOVERS IN VEHICLES; AUXILIARY DRIVES FOR VEHICLES; INSTRUMENTATION OR DASHBOARDS FOR VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENTS IN CONNECTION WITH COOLING, AIR INTAKE, GAS EXHAUST OR FUEL SUPPLY OF PROPULSION UNITS IN VEHICLES
    • B60K6/00—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00
    • B60K6/20—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs
    • B60K6/22—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs characterised by apparatus, components or means specially adapted for HEVs
    • B60K6/38—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs characterised by apparatus, components or means specially adapted for HEVs characterised by the driveline clutches
    • B60K6/387—Actuated clutches, i.e. clutches engaged or disengaged by electric, hydraulic or mechanical actuating means
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
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    • B60K6/00—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00
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    • B60K6/42—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs characterised by the architecture of the hybrid electric vehicle
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    • B60K6/00—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00
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    • B60K6/42—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs characterised by the architecture of the hybrid electric vehicle
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    • B60K6/00—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00
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Abstract

本发明涉及一种用于机动车的机动车动力传动系的混合动力变速器，所述混合动力变速器具有：用于将混合动力变速器与内燃机连接的第一变速器输入轴；用于将混合动力变速器与第一电驱动机连接的第二变速器输入轴；用于将混合动力变速器与从动件连接的从动轴；与第一变速器输入轴、中间轴和从动轴连接的行星齿轮组；用于形成挡位的正齿轮对；以及具有用于挂入挡位的换挡元件的多个换挡装置，第一变速器输入轴通过第一正齿轮对与行星齿轮组连接；第二正齿轮对与从动轴和第一变速器输入轴相配设；第三正齿轮对与中间轴和第一变速器输入轴相配设。本发明还涉及一种机动车动力传动系、一种用于运行机动车动力传动系的方法和一种机动车。

Description

混合结构形式的混合动力变速器
技术领域
本发明涉及一种混合动力变速器、一种具有这种混合动力变速器的机动车动力传动系、一种具有这种机动车动力传动系的机动车以及一种用于运行这种机动车动力传动系的方法。
背景技术
车辆越来越多地配备混合动力驱动装置，即配备至少两种不同的驱动源。混合动力驱动装置可以有助于减少燃料消耗和有害物质排放。具有内燃机和一个或多个电动马达的动力传动系广泛地作为并联混合动力装置或混合式混合动力装置得实施。这种混合动力驱动装置在力流中具有内燃机和电驱动器的基本上并行的布置结构。在此，不仅可以实现功率矩的叠加而且可以实现在纯内燃机驱动或纯电动马达驱动的情况下进行操控。因为电驱动器和内燃机的功率矩可以根据操控而相加，所以内燃机的相对较小的设计和/或其暂时关断是可能的。因此，可以在没有值得一提的功率或舒适度损失的情况下显著减少二氧化碳排放。因此，电驱动器的可能性和优势可以与内燃机的续驶里程、功率和成本优势相结合。
上述混合动力驱动装置的缺点在于通常更复杂的结构，因为两个驱动源优选地仅通过一个变速器将驱动功率传递至驱动轴。由此，这种变速器通常在制造方面是耗费且成本昂贵。混合动力变速器的结构中的复杂性的降低通常伴随着可变性的丧失。
通过专用混合动力变速器或“混合动力专用变速器”(DHT)可以至少部分区段地克服该缺点，在所述专用混合动力变速器中，将电机集成到变速器中以实现完全的功能范围。例如，尤其是可以在变速器中简化机械的变速器部件，例如通过取消倒车挡，其中，取而代之使用至少一个电机。
专用混合动力变速器可以源自已知的变速器方案，即双离合器变速器、变矩器行星变速器、无级变速器(CVT)或自动换挡变速器。电机在此优选地是变速器的一部分。
由公开文献DE102013215114A1已知机动车的混合动力驱动装置，该混合动力驱动装置具有带有传动轴的内燃机、可作为马达和发电机运行的带有转子的电机、带有输入轴和至少一个输出轴的以中间轴结构形式实施的自动化的换挡变速器以及带有两个输入元件和一个输出元件的经以行星结构形式构造的叠加变速器。在该混合动力驱动装置中规定，叠加变速器同轴地布置在输出轴的自由端部上，并且叠加变速器的第一输入元件与同轴布置在输出轴上的空心轴以不可相对转动的方式连接，该空心轴能够为了耦联内燃机而通过耦联换挡元件以不可相对转动的方式与变速器的直接轴向相邻的正挡位的活动齿轮连接，并且能够为了桥接叠加变速器而通过桥接换挡元件以不可相对转动的方式与第叠加变速器的二输入元件或者输出元件连接。此外规定，叠加变速器的第二输入元件与电机的转子永久传动连接并且叠加变速器的输出元件以不可相对转动的方式与输出轴连接。
发明内容
在这种背景前，给本领域技术人员提出如下任务：提供一种具有简单的机械结构的紧凑的混合动力变速器。此外，应该优选实施这样的动力传动系配置，在该动力传动系配置中，混合动力变速器与从动轴同轴地定位并且内燃机和/或电驱动机可以布置成轴平行于从动轴。尤其是，应提供一种变速器，该变速器具有直至三个挡位的，并且借助该变速器可以实现空挡充电、电动力起动(EDA)以及电动力换挡(EDS)。
上述任务通过用于机动车的机动车动力传动系的混合动力变速器解决，所述混合动力变速器具有：
第一变速器输入轴，所述第一变速器输入轴用于将混合动力变速器与机动车的内燃机作用连接；
第二变速器输入轴，所述第二变速器输入轴用于将混合动力变速器与机动车的第一电驱动机作用连接；
从动轴，所述从动轴用于将混合动力变速器与从动件作用连接；
行星齿轮组，所述行星齿轮组与第一变速器输入轴、中间轴和从动轴驱动作用地连接；
布置在多个齿轮组平面或者说齿轮组层面中的正齿轮对，所述正齿轮对用于形成挡位；以及
具有用于挂入挡位的换挡元件的多个换挡装置，其中，
第一变速器输入轴通过用于形成挡位的正齿轮对中的第一正齿轮对与行星齿轮组驱动作用地连接；
第二正齿轮对与从动轴和第一变速器输入轴相配设；并且
第三正齿轮对与中间轴和第一变速器输入轴相配设。
上述任务还由用于机动车的机动车动力传动系解决，该机动车动力传动系具有：
如上文限定的混合动力变速器；
内燃机，所述内燃机能够与第一变速器输入轴连接；和
第一电驱动机，所述第一电驱动机与第二变速器输入轴驱动作用地连接。
上述任务还由一种用于运行如上文限定的机动车动力传动系的方法来解决。
上述任务最后由具有一种机动车解决，该机动车具有：
如上文限定的机动车动力传动系；和
用于蓄存用于为第一电驱动机；第二电驱动机和/或另外的电机供电的能量的蓄能器。
在从属权利要求中描述了本发明的优选设计方案。不言而喻的是，在不脱离本发明的范围的情况下，上面提及的和下文还将解释的特征不仅可以以分别给出的组合使用，而且可以以其他组合或单独使用。尤其是，机动车动力传动系、机动车和方法可以相应于从属权利要求中针对混合动力变速器描述的设计来实施。
通过用于将混合动力变速器与内燃机作用连接的第一变速器输入轴和用于将混合动力变速器与第一电驱动机作用连接的第二变速器输入轴，可以以技术上简单的方式提供紧凑的混合动力变速器。作用连接不仅可以构造为可切换而且可以构造为不可切换的。具有高的功能范围的紧凑的混合动力变速器可以通过行星齿轮组提供，该行星齿轮组与第一变速器输入轴、中间轴和从动轴作用连接。尤其是，可以提供混合动力变速器，利用该混合动力变速器可实现空挡充电以及电动力起动和电动力换挡。可以在紧凑的结构形式的情况下提供具有简单结构和仅三个执行器的混合动力变速器。混合动力变速器不仅在内燃机方面而且在电动方面都具有低的部件负荷以及低的变速器损失和良好的啮合效率。此外，利用变速器还可以实现从动支持的换挡。尽管设计紧凑，混合动力变速器的所有换挡元件都可以有利地通过执行器实现。利用所公开的混合动力变速器，可实现从空挡充电状态过渡到内燃机的所有挡位。此外，可实现从电动力叠加状态过渡到针对内燃机的所有挡位。不言而喻的是，代替内燃机，也可以使用用作主行驶机的主电机。一个正齿轮对与一个变速器轴的配设尤其应理解为可以通过该正齿轮对建立与该变速器轴的驱动作用的连接或者与相应的变速器轴驱动作用地连接。
在有利的实施例中，第一电驱动机在变速器侧处连接到混合动力变速器上，该变速器侧与内燃机的连接侧相对置。附加地或替代地，从第一电驱动机和/或内燃机的连接侧出发，第三正齿轮对、第二正齿轮对、行星齿轮组和第一正齿轮对以该顺序布置。此外，附加地或替代地，从动件布置在混合动力变速器的变速器中间或者说变速器中心处。上述变速器元件的布置顺序因此可以反映在混合动力变速器中。因此，混合动力变速器在技术上可以容易地适配不同的安装空间要求。通过布置在混合动力变速器的变速器中间处的从动件可以改进混合动力变速器的轴向紧凑性。
在另一个有利的实施例中，第一变速器输入轴包括第一子轴和第二子轴，所述第一子轴和第二子轴彼此同轴布置并且可以通过接合换挡元件而彼此驱动作用地连接，其中，第三正齿轮对优选地包括两个固定齿轮。通过分开的第一变速器输入轴可以进一步改进混合动力变速器的轴向紧凑性。不言而喻的是，对于分开的第一变速器输入轴优选使用非传统的换挡元件，以便驱动作用地将两个子轴彼此连接。通过分开的第一变速器输入轴可以将布置在第一变速器输入轴上的双换挡元件基本上布置在与行星齿轮组相同的齿轮组平面中，由此可以实现混合动力变速器的轴向缩短。
在另一个有利的实施例中，混合动力变速器具有变速器驱动轴，所述变速器驱动轴与第一变速器输入轴驱动作用地连接并且布置成轴平行于第一变速器输入轴。附加地或替代地，从动轴与从动件的差速器驱动作用地连接，其中，所述差速器包括差速轴，以用于将驱动功率从混合动力变速器传递到机动车的车轮，所述差速轴布置成轴平行于从动轴，并且所述差速轴构造成用于穿过第一电驱动机，以使第一电驱动机能够围绕差速轴布置。由此，可以降低具有这种混合动力变速器的动力传动系的轴向紧凑性。通过上述有利的布置结构，可以实现内燃机轴平行于混合动力变速器的变速器轴线的连接。不言而喻的是，附加地，缓冲器或减振器元件也可以布置在变速器驱动轴上。此外，第一电驱动机可以支承在差速轴上。可以提供高效的节省空间的动力传动系统。
在另一个有利的实施例中，行星齿轮组的行星齿轮架与从动轴驱动作用地连接，其中，行星齿轮组的太阳轮与中间轴连接，并且行星齿轮组的齿圈与第一变速器输入轴连接。替代地，行星齿轮组的行星齿轮架与从动轴连接，其中，行星齿轮组的齿圈与中间轴连接，并且行星齿轮组的太阳轮与第一变速器输入轴连接。通过上述两种备选的连接结构，第一电驱动机要么可以在电动力起动或电动力换挡时以低补偿转速运行，要么可以在电动力起动和电动力换挡时仅施加小的支持力矩。此外，通过两种备选的连接结构，在电动力起动时发电机运行的持续时间可以更长或更短。
在另一个有利的实施例中，所述混合动力变速器具有用于将第一变速器输入轴与内燃机可脱开地驱动作用地连接的内燃机离合器，其中，所述内燃机离合器优选布置在变速器驱动轴上。不言而喻的是，内燃机离合器可以构造为爪式换挡元件或构造为摩擦换挡元件。通过内燃机离合器可以将内燃机与混合动力变速器解耦，并且因此可以借助混合动力变速器建立高效的纯电动行驶模式。摩擦离合器还实现了内燃机的所谓的动量启动并且可以用作用于内燃机的起动元件。通过内燃机离合器可以提高混合动力变速器的可变性和效率。此外，出于功能安全的原因，内燃机离合器可以用在混合动力变速器中。
在另一个有利的实施例中，第一换挡元件构造成用于通过第二正齿轮对将第一变速器输入轴与从动轴驱动作用地连接。附加地或替代地，第二换挡元件构造成用于通过第三正齿轮对将第一变速器输入轴与中间轴驱动作用地连接。此外，附加地或替代地，第三换挡元件构造成用于将第二变速器输入轴与从动轴驱动作用地连接。附加地或替代地，第四换挡元件构造成用于通过第一正齿轮对将第二变速器输入轴与第一变速器输入轴驱动作用地连接。最后，此外附加地或替代地，第五换挡元件构造成用于将第二变速器输入轴与中间轴驱动作用地连接。通过换挡元件的这种有利布置，可以利用混合动力变速器设置具有多种变型的三个混合动力挡位以及一个纯电动挡位。此外，电动力叠加状态、空挡充电状态和电动挡位分别可通过接合一个唯一的换挡元件来设置。可以提供可变的且紧凑的混合动力变速器，在该混合动力变速器中，所有混合动力挡位(包括所有变型)可以通过接合最多两个换挡元件来切换。
在另一个有利的实施例中，混合动力变速器具有正好三个正齿轮对、正好一个行星齿轮组和正好五个换挡元件以用于形成三个混合动力挡位。通过使用正好三个正齿轮对和一个行星齿轮组，可以提供带有少的齿啮合的紧凑的混合动力变速器，该混合动力变速器可以实现具有多种变型的三个混合动力挡位、一个纯电动挡位、一个电动力叠加状态和一个空挡充电状态。通过使用正好五个换挡元件，可以提供易于操控的紧凑的混合动力变速器。
在另一个有利的实施例中，中间轴构造为空心轴并且至少部分区段地包围第二变速器输入轴，并且从动轴构造为空心轴并且至少部分区段地包围中间轴。替代地，中间轴构造为实心轴并且至少部分区段地穿过第二变速器输入轴。混合动力变速器的紧凑性可以通过中间轴进一步改善，该中间轴构造为空心轴并且至少部分区段地包围第二变速器输入轴。尤其是，可以以简单且高效的方式支承中间轴。通过构造为空心轴的从动轴，可以进一步提高混合动力变速器的紧凑性。用于混合动力变速器的替代的紧凑结构形式可以通过中间轴提供，该中间轴构造为实心轴并且至少部分区段地穿过第二变速器输入轴。
在另一个有利的实施例中，各所述换挡元件构造为形状锁合的换挡元件。附加地或替代地，各所述换挡元件中的至少两个换挡元件、优选四个换挡元件构造为双换挡元件并且能够由双作用的致动器操纵。形状锁合的换挡元件可实现高效且成本适宜的混合动力变速器。混合动力变速器的技术结构和运行可以通过双换挡元件来简化。尤其是，双换挡元件可以借助一个唯一的致动器切换，从而需要相对少的控制电子装置和控制信号和线路来运行混合动力变速器。
在另一个有利的实施例中，所述机动车动力传动系优选地包括另外的电机，所述另外的电机与所述第一变速器输入轴驱动作用地连接。第一电驱动机和/或优选所述另外的电机能够作为用于启动内燃机的起动发电机来操控。附加地或替代地，第一电驱动机和/或优选所述另外的电机能够作为用于为蓄能器充电的充电发电机来操控。所述另外的电机优选构造为高压起动发电机。由此，可以提供高效的机动车动力传动系。尤其是，可以降低燃料消耗。不言而喻的是，可以省去用于内燃机的附加的起动器，因为第一电驱动机和/或优选所述另外的电机可以拖曳内燃机。
在另一个有利的实施例中，混合动力变速器的从动件能够与第一机动车车桥驱动作用地连接，其中，第二机动车车桥包括带有第二电驱动机的电动车桥。由此，可以以技术上简单的方式提供具有全轮驱动的混合动力传动系。此外，通过机动车动力传动系能够以技术上简单的方式实现牵引力不中断的换挡，因为电动车桥能够在混合动力变速器中进行换挡时维持牵引力。此外，可以提供用于机动车的故障安全的动力传动系，因为在蓄能器耗尽的情况下，可以为第二电驱动机建立所谓的串行行驶模式。在串行行驶模式中，电驱动机优选由内燃机作为发电机运行并且将由此产生的能量提供给第二电驱动机。由此，可以提供高度可变的机动车动力传动系，在该机动车动力传动系中，尤其是即使在蓄能器空了的情况下也能进行电动行驶，并且尤其是进行电动起动。
行星齿轮组的联锁包括行星齿轮组的两个齿轮和/或行星齿轮架和一个齿轮的驱动作用的连接，从而所述两个齿轮和/或行星齿轮架和一个齿轮共同地围绕同一点、优选地围绕行星齿轮组的中心点以相同的圈数旋转。在行星齿轮组的两个齿轮和/或行星齿轮架和一个齿轮被联锁时，行星齿轮组优选如轴那样起作用；尤其是，在行星齿轮组中不发生变速。
在此上下文中，“驱动作用地连接”或“连接”尤其应理解为在两个构件之间的不可切换的连接，该不可切换的连接被设置用于持续传递转速、转矩和/或驱动功率。在此，该连接可以直接或通过固定传动比进行。该连接例如可以通过固定轴、齿部、尤其是正齿轮齿部和/或包络机构、尤其是牵拉器件传动机构来进行。
在此上下文中，“能驱动作用地连接”、“可以驱动作用地连接”或“构造成用于驱动作用的连接”尤其是理解为在两个构件之间的可切换的连接，该可切换的连接在闭合状态下设置用于暂时传递转速、转矩和/或驱动功率。在打开状态下，可切换的连接优选暂时基本上不传递转速、转矩和/或驱动功率。
静止充电或空挡充电尤其应理解为电驱动机作为发电机的运行，优选当处于静止状态同时内燃机正在运行时，以便填充蓄能器和/或给车载电子装置馈电。
在当前情况下，致动器尤其是将电信号转换成机械运动的构件。优选地，与双换挡元件一起使用的致动器在两个相反的方向上执行运动，以便在第一方向上切换双换挡元件中的一个换挡元件并且在第二方向上切换另一个换挡元件。
挡位转变、尤其是串联换挡尤其是通过断开换挡元件和/或离合器并且同时接入换挡元件和/或离合器以用于下一个更高或更低的挡位来进行。第二换挡元件和/或第二离合器一段一段地接收来自第一换挡元件和/或第一离合器的力矩，直到整个转矩在挡位转变结束时由第二换挡元件和/或第二离合器接收。在事先同步的情况下，可以更快地进行挡位转变，并且在此可以优选地使用形状锁合的换挡元件。
内燃机具体可以是任何可以通过燃烧驱动介质产生转动运动的机器，所述驱动介质例如是汽油、柴油、煤油、乙醇、液化气、液化石油气等。内燃机例如可以是奥托发动机、柴油发动机、汪克尔发动机或二冲程发动机。
在串行行驶或爬行时，机动车的电驱动机作为发电机由机动车的内燃机运行。由此产生的能量然后被提供给机动车的另外的电驱动机以提供驱动功率。
电动车辆车桥(简称电动车桥)优选为机动车的非主驱动车桥，在该非主驱动车桥中，驱动功率可以通过电驱动机传递到机动车的车轮上。不言而喻的是，电驱动机也可以通过变速器连接。当在用于主驱动车桥的变速器中发生挡位转变时，牵引力可以全部或部分地通过电动车桥维持。此外，全轮驱动功能可以至少部分地通过电动车桥来设置。
电动力起动元件(EDA)促使经由一个或多个行星齿轮组发生内燃机转速和电驱动机转速的转速叠加，从而使机动车可以在内燃机正在运行的情况下从静止状态起动、优选在没有摩擦离合器的情况下从静止状态起动。在此，电驱动机支持转矩。优选地，内燃机能不再通过起动离合器等与变速器分离。通过使用EDA，可以优选省去起动器、发电机和起动离合器或液力变矩器。在此，尤其是EDA如此紧凑地构造，使得所有部件都可以在不延长变速器的情况下容纳在批量生产的离合器壳体中。电动力起动元件可以例如通过软协调的扭转减振器牢固地与内燃机连接并且尤其是牢固地与内燃机的飞轮连接。因此，电驱动机和内燃机可以同时或交替地运行。如果机动车停止，则可以关断电驱动马达和内燃机。由于电驱动机的良好可调节性，实现了非常高的起动质量，该起动质量可以与带有变矩器离合器的驱动器相媲美。
在所谓的电动力换挡(EDS)中，与EDA起动一样，通过一个或多个行星齿轮组发生内燃机转速和电驱动机转速的转速叠加。为了开始换挡，电驱动马达和内燃机的转矩被适配，从而待脱离的换挡元件变得无负载。在打开这个换挡元件之后，在维持牵引力的情况下进行转速适配，从而待接合的换挡元件变为同步。在闭合换挡元件之后，任意地根据混合动力运行策略在内燃机和电驱动机之间进行负载分配。电动力换挡方法的优点在于，目标挡位的要切换的换挡元件通过电驱动机和内燃机的相互作用同步，其中，电驱动机优选是可精确调节的。EDS换挡方法的另一个优点是可以实现高的牵引力，因为内燃机和电机的转矩在混合动力变速器中相加。
附图说明
下面结合附图借助多个所选择的实施例更详细地描述和解释本发明。附图中：
图1示出具有根据本发明的机动车动力传动系的机动车的示意性俯视图；
图2示出根据本发明的混合动力变速器的变型的示意图；
图3示意性地示出根据图2的混合动力变速器的换挡状态；
图4示出混合动力变速器的另一个变型的示意图；
图5示出混合动力变速器的另一个变型的示意图；
图6示出混合动力变速器的另一个变型的示意图；
图7示出混合动力变速器的另一个变型的示意图；
图8示出混合动力变速器的另一个变型的示意图；和
图9示出混合动力变速器的另一个变型的示意图。
具体实施方式
在图1中示意性地示出具有机动车动力传动系12的机动车10。机动车动力传动系12具有第一电驱动机14和内燃机16，所述第一电驱动机和内燃机通过混合动力变速器18与机动车10的前车桥连接。在所示的示例中，机动车动力传动系12还包括可选的电动车桥，该电动车桥具有与机动车10的后车桥连接的第二电驱动机20。不言而喻的是，也可以进行反过来的连接，从而混合动力变速器18与机动车10的后车桥连接，并且机动车10的前车桥包括电动车桥。第一电驱动机14、内燃机16和/或可选的第二电驱动机20的驱动功率通过机动车动力传动系12供应给机动车10的车轮。机动车10还具有蓄能器22，以蓄存用于为第一电驱动机14和/或第二电驱动机20供电的能量。
图2示出根据本发明的混合动力变速器18的简化变型。混合动力变速器18具有第一变速器输入轴24和第二变速器输入轴26，第一变速器输入轴和第二变速器输入轴构造成用于将驱动功率从驱动机14、16传递到混合动力变速器18中。
第一变速器输入轴24构造为实心轴并且布置成轴平行于第二变速器输入轴26，该第二变速器输入轴同样构造为实心轴。第一电驱动机14经由包括三个啮合齿轮的齿轮链驱动作用地与第二变速器输入轴26连接。
混合动力变速器18总共具有三个形成挡位的正齿轮对，这些正齿轮对用ST1-ST3表示。混合动力变速器18还包括行星齿轮组RS、从动轴28和中间轴30。
第一正齿轮对ST1包括固定齿轮，该固定齿轮布置在第一变速器输入轴24上并与布置在未详细表示的空心轴上的固定齿轮啮合。未详细表示的空心轴与行星齿轮组RS的齿圈连接并且可以与第二变速器输入轴26或从动轴28驱动作用地连接。
第二正齿轮对ST2包括布置在第一变速器输入轴24上的活动齿轮，该活动齿轮与布置在从动轴28上的固定齿轮接合。
第三正齿轮对ST3包括布置在第一变速器输入轴24上的活动齿轮，该活动齿轮与布置在中间轴30上的固定齿轮接合：中间轴30驱动作用地与行星齿轮组RS的太阳轮连接，构造为空心轴并且至少部分区段地包围第二变速器输入轴26。
从动轴28与行星齿轮组RS的行星齿轮架连接并且具有从动齿轮，以便将驱动功率从混合动力变速器18引导到未详细示出的从动件32。
混合动力变速器18也具有五个换挡元件A-E。
第一换挡元件A构造成用于驱动作用地切换第二正齿轮对ST2的活动齿轮，即在第一变速器输入轴24和第二正齿轮对ST2的活动齿轮之间建立不可相对转动的连接。
第二换挡元件B构造成用于驱动作用地切换第三正齿轮对的活动齿轮，即在第一变速器输入轴24和第三正齿轮对ST3的布置在第一变速器输入轴24上的活动齿轮之间建立不可相对转动的连接。
第三换挡元件C构造成用于驱动作用地将从动轴28与第二变速器输入轴26连接。
第四换挡元件D构造成用于通过第一正齿轮对ST1驱动作用地将第一变速器输入轴24与第二变速器输入轴26连接。不言而喻的是，由此也实现从第二变速器输入轴26到行星齿轮组RS的齿圈的连接。
第五换挡元件E构造成用于驱动作用地将中间轴30与第二变速器输入轴26连接。不言而喻的是，由此也实现从第二变速器输入轴26到行星齿轮组RS的太阳轮的连接。
第一换挡元件A与第二换挡元件B组合成双换挡元件。第三换挡元件C与第四换挡元件D组合成双换挡元件。第五换挡元件E构造为单个换挡元件。
不言而喻的是，所有换挡元件A-E都可以构造为形状锁合的换挡元件，例如爪式换挡元件或者说嵌牙换挡元件。第一电驱动机14与第二变速器输入轴26的连接优选地轴平行于从动轴28进行。替代于所示出的连接，可以仅通过两个啮合齿轮、通过链或其他牵拉器件传动机构进行连接。
还不言而喻的是，内燃机16可以与第一变速器输入轴24同轴地布置或者特别优选地可以与第一变速器输入轴24轴平行地布置。
此外，在布置在混合动力变速器18中并且在图2中示出的齿轮组下游可以连接有固定传动比机构，例如以另外的行星齿轮组或正挡位的形式。
特别优选地，在混合动力变速器18的齿轮组的下游连接有差速器。
优选在未示出的内燃机16和第一变速器输入轴24之间布置有用于扭转振动解耦的元件，例如扭转减振器或双质量飞轮。
在图3中，在换挡矩阵34中在第一列示出混合动力挡位H1-H3、电动挡位E1、电动力叠加状态EDA和空挡充电(Laden-in-Neutral)状态LiN。在第二列至第六列中，示出换挡元件A-E的换挡状态，其中，“X”表示相应的换挡元件是闭合的，即相配设的变速器部件彼此驱动作用地连接。如果没有条目，则可以假定相应的换挡元件断开或者说打开，即不传递驱动功率。
为了建立第一混合动力挡位的第一变型H1.1，可将第三换挡元件C和第五换挡元件E闭合。
第四换挡元件D和第五换挡元件E的闭合建立第一混合动力挡位的第二变型H1.2。
通过闭合第三换挡元件C和第四换挡元件D可以建立第一混合动力挡位的第三变型H1.3。
通过闭合第一换挡元件A和第三换挡元件C可以建立第二混合动力挡位的第一变型H2.1。
通过闭合第一换挡元件A和第五换挡元件E可以建立第二混合动力挡位的第二变型H2.2。
通过闭合第一换挡元件A和第四换挡元件D可以建立第二混合动力挡位H2.3的第三变型。
通过接合第二换挡元件B和第三换挡元件C可以建立第三混合动力挡位的第一变型H3.1。
第二换挡元件B和第五换挡元件E的闭合建立第三混合动力挡位的第二变型H3.2。
通过闭合第二换挡元件B和第四换挡元件D可以建立第三混合动力挡位的第三变型H3.3。
通过闭合第三换挡元件C可以建立电动挡位E1。
第五换挡元件E的闭合建立电动力叠加状态EDA。
空挡充电状态LiN可以通过闭合第四换挡元件D来建立。
针对内燃机16的三个不同的混合动力挡位可用于内燃机或混合动力行驶。
如果仅第三换挡元件C闭合，则可以纯电动行驶，因为第一电驱动机14直接与从动件32连接。
如果仅第五换挡元件E闭合，则在行星齿轮组RS上出现电动力叠加状态。内燃机16然后通过第一正齿轮对ST1与行星齿轮组RS的齿圈连接，其中，第一电驱动机14通过第五换挡元件E在行星齿轮组RS的太阳轮处支持内燃机16的力矩。行星齿轮组RS的行星齿轮架与从动件32、尤其是从动轴28连接。通过这种换挡状态，可实现向前的电动力起动EDA。从该EDA模式，可以挂入第一混合动力挡位的第一变型H1.1、第一混合动力挡位的第二变型H1.2、第二混合动力挡位的第二变型H2.2和第三混合动力挡位的第二变型H3.2，因为第五换挡元件E在这些换挡状态中分别是闭合的。
从第一挡位到第二挡位的换挡可以从动支持地通过第一电驱动机14进行，其中，第三换挡元件C保持闭合。然后从第一混合动力挡位的第一变型H1.1转变到第二混合动力挡位的第一变型H2.1。从第二挡位到第三挡位的换挡也可以从动支持地通过第一电驱动机14进行，其中，第三换挡元件C保持闭合。然后从第二混合动力挡位的第一变型H2.1转变到第三混合动力挡位的第一变型H3.1。
在混合动力运行中，从第一混合动力挡位的第一变型H1.1到第二混合动力挡位的第一变型H2.1的机电(EMS)的或电动力(EDS)的负载切换例如可以如下进行：在初始点中，即在第一混合动力挡位的第一变型H1.1中，第三换挡元件C和第五换挡元件E闭合。然后在第五换挡元件E上降低负载并且同时在第一电驱动机14上建立负载。将第五换挡元件E打开。使内燃机16的转速降低，从而第一换挡元件A变为同步。为此，例如与内燃机16驱动作用连接的另外的电机可以作为发电机运行，或者内燃机16可以进入惯性行驶运行(Schubbetrieb)。然后可以接合第一换挡元件A。在该切换期间，第三换挡元件C保持闭合。
如果仅第四换挡元件D闭合，则第一电驱动机14可以独立于从动件32与内燃机16连接。第一电驱动机14和内燃机16然后以彼此固定的比率转动。一方面，由此内燃机16的启动可以通过第一电驱动机14实现，另一方面，第一电驱动机14可以作为发电机运行并且为电蓄能器22充电或者为耗电器供电。耗电器也可以是第二电驱动机20，第二电驱动机优选布置在其他车桥上并且形成所谓的电动后车桥。可以实现从空挡充电状态LiN过渡到第一混合动力挡位的第二变型H1.2、第一混合动力挡位的第三变型H1.3、第二混合动力挡位的第三变型H2.3和第三混合动力挡位的第三变型H3.3中，因为第四换挡元件D在这些换挡状态中分别是闭合的。
如果如图1所示存在一个电动后车桥，则借助该组合可提供全轮驱动系统。例如，具有内燃机16和第一电驱动机14的DHT变速器、即专用混合动力变速器可以构造为纯前轮驱动，其中，附加的后车桥驱动借助单独的第二电驱动机20实现。
在这种情况下，电动力叠加状态EDA是针对内燃机16的功率分流E-CVT行驶范围，在该功率分流E-CVT行驶范围中，电池中性的运行也是可能的。CVT行驶范围尤其应理解为无级变速器行驶范围。
通过第二电驱动机20可以实现牵引力支持。当在混合动力变速器中需要18个切换或者说换挡时，通过第二电驱动机20可以支持牵引力，其中，混合动力变速器18的从动件32变成无负载。这种过渡例如是首先应通过第一电驱动机14和/或第二驱动装置20纯电动行驶并且然后内燃机16应在空挡中通过第一电驱动机14启动。
图4示出机动车动力传动系12中的根据本发明的混合动力变速器18的一种变型。与图2所示的实施方式不同，变速器元件的顺序在一定程度上是镜像的，从而从未示出的内燃机16的连接侧出发来看，首先是第三正齿轮对ST3，然后是包括第二换挡元件B和第一换挡元件A的双换挡元件，然后是第二正齿轮对ST2，然后是行星齿轮组RS，然后是第一正齿轮对ST1，然后是包括第四换挡元件D和第三换挡元件C的双换挡元件以及最后是第五换挡元件E布置在混合动力变速器18中。根据图4的混合动力变速器18的连接结构和作用原理在此与根据图2的混合动力变速器18相同。
通过构件在混合动力变速器18中的替代布置结构，中间轴30构造为实心轴并且至少部分区段地穿过构造为空心轴的第二变速器输入轴26。
图5示出根据本发明的混合动力变速器18的另一个变型。与图2所示的实施方式不同，第一变速器输入轴24包括第一子轴24a和第二子轴24b，其中，第二换挡元件B构造成用于将第一子轴24a与第二子轴24b驱动作用地连接。由此，第三正齿轮对ST3可以具有布置在第二子轴24b上的固定齿轮和布置在中间轴30上的固定齿轮。在所示的实施例中，第一换挡元件A构造成用于驱动作用地将布置在第二子轴24b上的第二正齿轮对ST2的活动齿轮与第一子轴24a连接。
图6示出根据本发明的混合动力变速器18的另一个变型。与图2所示的实施例不同，根据图6的实施例具有行星齿轮组RS的改变的连接结构。尤其是，行星齿轮组RS的太阳轮和齿圈上的连接结构被交换，其中，在两个实施例中从动轴28与行星齿轮架连接。因此，中间轴30与行星齿轮组RS的齿圈驱动作用地连接，并且第一变速器输入轴24经由第一正齿轮对ST1与行星齿轮组RS的太阳轮驱动作用地连接。因此，第一电驱动机14可以在电动力起动时或在电动力换挡时以较低的补偿转速运行。第一电驱动机14在电动力起动或电动力换挡时必须施加较高的支持力矩并且可以时间不太长地作为发电机运行，因为与在第一电驱动机14与行星齿轮组RS的太阳轮连接的情况下相比，随着行驶速度不断增加更早地离开发电机运行。
图7示出根据本发明的混合动力变速器18的另一个变型。根据图7的混合动力变速器18基本上对应于图2中所示的混合动力变速器18，其中，从动件32在图7中更详细地示出。从动件32由从动轴28上的布置在行星齿轮组RS和第二正齿轮对ST2之间的从动齿轮形成。该从动齿轮与布置在差速器上的固定齿轮啮合，并且因此将驱动功率从混合动力变速器18传递到差速器上。差速器还具有穿过第一电驱动机14的转子轴的差速轴40。换句话说，第一电驱动机14可以支承在差速轴40上。
此外，混合动力变速器18具有变速器驱动轴36，该变速器驱动轴布置成轴平行于第一变速器输入轴24并且通过牵拉器件传动机构驱动作用地与布置在变速器外侧的固定齿轮连接并且与第一变速器输入轴24连接。变速器驱动轴36通过扭转振动减振器或从现有技术中原则上已知的其他用于扭转振动解耦的元件与内燃机16连接。此外，在变速器驱动轴36上布置有用于连接另外的电机38的固定齿轮。所述另外的电机38经由牵拉器件传动机构与变速器驱动轴36作用连接。所述另外的电机38可以特别优选地构造为高压起动发电机。
不言而喻的是，不仅变速器驱动轴36至第一变速器输入轴24的连接结构而且变速器驱动轴36至所述另外的电机38的连接结构可替代地构造为齿轮链。
图8示出根据本发明的混合动力变速器18的另一个变型。与图7所示的实施例不同，变速器驱动轴36包括内燃机离合器K0。内燃机离合器K0构造成用于将变速器驱动轴36可分离地与内燃机16驱动作用地连接。在此，内燃机离合器K0布置在用于扭转振动解耦的元件和变速器驱动轴36的两个连接齿轮之间，使得所述另外的电机38始终与第一变速器输入轴24传动连接。
在图8所示的例子中，内燃机离合器K0构造为形状锁合的换挡元件，例如构造为爪式离合器或者说牙嵌离合器。
在图9中示出根据本发明的混合动力变速器18的另一个变型。与图8所示的实施例不同，内燃机离合器K0构造为摩擦锁合的换挡元件。
不言而喻的是，机动车动力传动系12或混合动力变速器18也可以在没有内燃机离合器K0的情况下运行。然而，出于各种原因，例如出于功能安全原因，内燃机离合器K0可以是有意义的。尤其是，呈摩擦锁合的换挡元件形式的内燃机离合器K0(如图9中所示)实现内燃机16的拖曳启动。尤其是在具有另外的电机38的实施例中，内燃机离合器K0是有意义的已经参考附图和说明书全面地描述和解释了本发明。描述和解释旨在是示例性的而非限制性的。本发明不限于所公开的实施例。在使用本发明的情况下以及在准确分析附图、公开内容和随后的权利要求书的情况下，对于本领域技术人员得到其他实施例或变型。
在权利要求中，词语“包括”和“具有”不排除其他元件或步骤的存在。不一定冠词“一”或“一个”不排除复数的存在。单个元件或单个单元可以执行权利要求中列举的多个单元的功能。在多个不同的从属权利要求中仅仅列举一些措施不应被理解为这些措施的组合也不能被有利地使用。权利要求中的附图标记不应被理解为限制性的。用于运行机动车动力传动系12的方法例如可以以在用于机动车动力传动系12的控制器上执行的计算机程序的形式实现。计算机程序可以在非易失性介质上，例如光学蓄存器或固态硬盘(SSD)上蓄存/发行。计算机程序可以与硬件一起发行和/或作为硬件的一部分发行，例如通过因特网或通过有线或无线通信系统发行。
附图标记列表
10 机动车
12 机动车动力传动系
14 第一电驱动机
16 内燃机
18 混合动力变速器
20 第二电驱动机
22 蓄能器
24 第一变速器输入轴
26 第二变速器输入轴
28 从动轴
30 中间轴
32 从动件
34 换挡矩阵
36 变速器驱动轴
38 另外的电机
40 差速轴
A到E 换挡元件
K0 内燃机离合器
ST1至ST3 正齿轮对

Claims (15)

1.用于机动车(10)的机动车动力传动系(12)的混合动力变速器(18)，所述混合动力变速器具有：
第一变速器输入轴(24)，所述第一变速器输入轴用于将混合动力变速器与机动车的内燃机(16)作用连接；
第二变速器输入轴(26)，所述第二变速器输入轴用于将混合动力变速器与机动车的第一电驱动机(14)作用连接；
从动轴(28)，所述从动轴用于将混合动力变速器与从动件(32)作用连接；
行星齿轮组(RS)，所述行星齿轮组与第一变速器输入轴、中间轴(30)和从动轴驱动作用地连接；
布置在多个齿轮组平面中的正齿轮对(ST1、ST2、ST3)，所述正齿轮对用于形成挡位；以及
具有用于挂入挡位的换挡元件(A、B、C、D、E)的多个换挡装置，其中，
第一变速器输入轴通过用于形成挡位的正齿轮对中的第一正齿轮对与行星齿轮组驱动作用地连接；
第二正齿轮对与从动轴和第一变速器输入轴相配设；并且
第三正齿轮对与中间轴和第一变速器输入轴相配设。
2.根据权利要求1所述的混合动力变速器(18)，其中，
第一电驱动机在变速器侧处连接到混合动力变速器上，该变速器侧与内燃机的连接侧相对置；
从第一电驱动机(14)和/或内燃机的连接侧出发，第三正齿轮对(ST3)、第二正齿轮对(ST2)、行星齿轮组(RS)和第一正齿轮对(ST1)以该顺序布置；和/或
从动件(32)布置在混合动力变速器的变速器中间处。
3.根据权利要求1或2所述的混合动力变速器(18)，其中，
第一变速器输入轴(24)包括第一子轴(24a)和第二子轴(24b)，所述第一子轴和第二子轴彼此同轴布置并且能够通过接合换挡元件(B)而彼此驱动作用地连接，其中，第三正齿轮对优选地包括两个固定齿轮。
4.根据前述权利要求中任一项所述的混合动力变速器(18)，其中，
混合动力变速器具有变速器驱动轴(36)，所述变速器驱动轴与第一变速器输入轴(24)驱动作用地连接并且布置成轴平行于第一变速器输入轴，和/或
从动轴(28)与从动件(32)的差速器驱动作用地连接，其中，所述差速器包括差速轴(40)，以用于将驱动功率从混合动力变速器传递到机动车(10)的车轮，所述差速轴布置成轴平行于从动轴，并且所述差速轴构造成用于穿过第一电驱动机(14)，以使第一电驱动机能够围绕差速轴布置。
5.根据前述权利要求中任一项所述的混合动力变速器(18)，其中，
行星齿轮组(RS)的行星齿轮架与从动轴(28)驱动作用地连接；
行星齿轮组的太阳轮与中间轴(30)连接，并且行星齿轮组的齿圈与第一变速器输入轴(24)连接；或者
行星齿轮组的齿圈与中间轴连接，并且行星齿轮组的太阳轮与第一变速器输入轴连接。
6.根据前述权利要求中任一项所述的混合动力变速器(18)，所述混合动力变速器具有用于将第一变速器输入轴(24)与内燃机(16)可脱开地驱动作用地连接的内燃机离合器(K0)，其中，所述内燃机离合器优选布置在变速器驱动轴(36)上。
7.根据前述权利要求中任一项所述的混合动力变速器(18)，其中，
第一换挡元件(A)构造成用于通过第二正齿轮对(ST2)将第一变速器输入轴(24)与从动轴(28)驱动作用地连接；
第二换挡元件(B)构造成用于通过第三正齿轮对(ST3)将第一变速器输入轴与中间轴(30)驱动作用地连接；
第三换挡元件(C)构造成用于将第二变速器输入轴(26)与从动轴(28)驱动作用地连接；
第四换挡元件(D)构造成用于通过第一正齿轮对(ST1)将第二变速器输入轴与第一变速器输入轴驱动作用地连接；和/或
第五换挡元件(E)构造成用于将第二变速器输入轴与中间轴驱动作用地连接。
8.根据前述权利要求中任一项所述的混合动力变速器(18)，其中，混合动力变速器具有正好三个正齿轮对(ST1、ST2、ST3)、正好一个行星齿轮组(RS)和正好五个换挡元件(A、B、C、D、E)以用于形成三个混合动力挡位。
9.根据前述权利要求中任一项所述的混合动力变速器(18)，其中，
中间轴(30)构造为空心轴并且至少部分区段地包围第二变速器输入轴(26)，并且从动轴(28)构造为空心轴并且至少部分区段地包围中间轴(30)；和/或
中间轴(30)构造为实心轴并且至少部分区段地穿过第二变速器输入轴(26)。
10.根据前述权利要求中任一项所述的混合动力变速器(18)，其中，
各所述换挡元件(A、B、C、D、E)构造为形状锁合的换挡元件；和/或
各所述换挡元件中的至少两个换挡元件、优选四个换挡元件构造为双换挡元件并且能够由双作用的致动器操纵。
11.用于机动车(10)的机动车动力传动系(12)，所述机动车动力传动系具有：
根据前述权利要求中任一项所述的混合动力变速器(18)；
内燃机(16)，所述内燃机能够与第一变速器输入轴(24)连接；和
第一电驱动机(14)，所述第一电驱动机与第二变速器输入轴(26)驱动作用地连接。
12.根据权利要求11所述的机动车动力传动系(12)，其中，所述机动车动力传动系优选地包括另外的电机(38)，所述另外的电机与所述第一变速器输入轴(24)驱动作用地连接，并且
第一电驱动机(14)和/或优选所述另外的电机
能够作为用于启动内燃机(16)的起动发电机来操控；和/或
能够作为用于为蓄能器(22)充电的充电发电机来操控。
13.根据权利要求11或12所述的机动车动力传动系(12)，其中，
混合动力变速器(18)的从动件(32)能够与第一机动车车桥驱动作用地连接，并且第二机动车车桥包括带有第二电驱动机(20)的电动车桥；并且
优选地，第一电驱动机(14)和/或所述另外的电机(38)能够作为用于为第二电驱动机(20)供电的发电机来操控，以便建立串行行驶模式。
14.用于运行根据权利要求11至13中任一项所述的机动车动力传动系(12)的方法。
15.机动车(10)，具有：
根据权利要求11至13中任一项所述的机动车动力传动系(12)；和
用于蓄存用于为第一电驱动机(14)；第二电驱动机(20)和/或另外的电机(38)供电的能量的蓄能器(22)。
CN202211664261.4A 2022-03-24 2022-12-23 混合结构形式的混合动力变速器 Pending CN116803726A (zh)

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