CN116817851A - Building measurement device, system and method based on light ray transformation - Google Patents
Building measurement device, system and method based on light ray transformation Download PDFInfo
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- CN116817851A CN116817851A CN202310804389.4A CN202310804389A CN116817851A CN 116817851 A CN116817851 A CN 116817851A CN 202310804389 A CN202310804389 A CN 202310804389A CN 116817851 A CN116817851 A CN 116817851A
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- 238000001514 detection method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 238000004062 sedimentation Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 6
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01C—MEASURING DISTANCES, LEVELS OR BEARINGS; SURVEYING; NAVIGATION; GYROSCOPIC INSTRUMENTS; PHOTOGRAMMETRY OR VIDEOGRAMMETRY
- G01C5/00—Measuring height; Measuring distances transverse to line of sight; Levelling between separated points; Surveyors' levels
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Abstract
The invention discloses a building settlement device and method based on light orthogonal reflection transformation, and belongs to the field of building safety monitoring. The device comprises a laser, a detector and a reflector group for orthogonal reflection transformation of light rays; the laser is used for providing high-beam quality collimated light for sedimentation detection; the detector is used for measuring the position change of the laser light spot emitted by the laser on the detector. The light conversion reflecting mirror group is used for spatially converting the moving direction of the laser so as to realize the asymmetric displacement measurement. The invention is particularly suitable for installing two sets of devices at four corners of a building, and monitoring the concrete settlement of the building. The invention has the advantage that specific sedimentation parts and displacement can be identified through the position change of the laser spot. Meanwhile, the device provided by the invention is a wireless detection device for measuring the building, and reduces the wiring flow.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to an instrument for monitoring building settlement, in particular to a building measuring device, a system and a method based on light transformation.
Background
New buildings, old buildings or buildings constructed in soft geology can settle in a certain time, and the buildings are the objects for important monitoring in the building safety industry. In particular, old buildings and buildings constructed in soft geology, the settlement of the old buildings often can cause the damage of building structures, so that the old buildings and the buildings are collapsed to form safety accidents. Thus, the building safety industry often requires periodic monitoring of the settlement of these buildings to assess the safety of the buildings.
At present, a common method for monitoring building settlement is to monitor monitoring points on a building by using a high-precision level gauge. The first level and the second level have higher measurement accuracy, but the settlement of the building is monitored by the level, which has the following problems. Firstly, a leveling instrument cannot monitor a building in high density in time, and the building is likely to seriously subside in a monitored idle stage, so that the forecast time is missed; second, even with digital levels, networking of the levels has certain difficulties, and data is difficult to upload in real time.
The appearance of total powerstation provides automatic measurement and automatic reading function to a certain extent, has alleviated the above-mentioned shortcoming of surveyor's level greatly. However, total stations are still expensive and have low accuracy of measurement relative to level gauges. When the building is monitored in all weather, a new monitoring platform is needed to be additionally built. In addition, the monitoring mode based on the total station monitoring station is often limited by the geographical position of the monitoring station, and certain important positions of the building cannot be monitored well.
For heavy-point monitoring objects such as railways, bridges, tunnels and the like, the monitoring of the places often needs to be continuously carried out. Laser monitoring is a highly accurate and reliable monitoring method, and the principle of the monitoring is that a detector (such as a PSD or a CCD) with position resolution is placed at a position to be detected, and then a beam of laser is irradiated on the detector (as shown in fig. 1). When the position to be monitored and the placed laser are relatively displaced, the laser spot irradiated on the CCD can move on the detector, so that the movement condition of the building is obtained. The method has simple structure and high measurement precision, the measurement distance can reach several meters generally, and the movement quantity of sub-millimeter can be measured. Although the method has high measurement precision, convenient use and lower cost of a single set, the method only can provide information such as relative movement between a laser (position) and a detector (position), and can not distinguish whether sedimentation occurs in a monitored position. For example, if the standard position is raised by groundwater, the detector will give an error message of the building sinking. In addition, the laser and the detector used in the method need a set of detection device corresponding to a monitoring point relative to the position to be detected, and when the position to be monitored is more, the monitoring cost is higher.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to solve the problems in the prior art, the invention provides a building measurement device, a system and a method based on light transformation. On the basis of monitoring a laser-detector, the invention proposes that the light ray conversion reflecting mirror group formed by the orthogonal reflecting mirrors is used for reflecting incident light rays twice, so that the relative movement between the position of the laser and the position of the detector is distinguishable, and when the position of the laser or the position of the detector moves relatively, the position which is actually displaced can be distinguished. Meanwhile, the reflector used in the device can also be a measuring point, so that the use cost of the detection device is reduced.
In order to achieve the above object, the present invention provides the following technical solutions:
in one aspect, the present invention provides a building settlement measurement device based on orthogonal transformation of light, comprising:
a laser for providing high beam quality collimated light for sedimentation detection;
a detector for measuring a change in the position of the laser spot falling on the detector;
the reflecting mirror group can perform orthogonal transformation of light rays, emits laser twice, and spatially transforms the moving direction of the laser so as to realize asymmetric displacement measurement; the asymmetric displacement refers to the fact that the laser-generated displacement and the detector-generated displacement exhibit asymmetric measurement results.
The reflector group is the core of the invention, and as a preferable scheme, the reflector group consists of a first reflector and a second reflector; the first mirror and the second mirror are planar mirrors and are arranged in an orthogonal manner. The function of the reflector group is to convert the displacement of the laser in one direction into the displacement in the other orthogonal direction in space after reflection conversion.
More preferably, the first mirror and the second mirror are both positioned at an angle of incidence of 45 ° with respect to the incident light, the first mirror and the second mirror are positioned orthogonally, the first mirror being rotated 45 ° clockwise about the y-axis and the second mirror being rotated 45 ° counterclockwise about the x-axis when the initial normal of the first mirror and the second mirror are both +z-axis.
In a second aspect, the invention provides a building settlement measurement system based on orthogonal transformation of light rays, which at least comprises two sets of building settlement measurement devices; each set of building settlement measuring device comprises a reflector group and a host machine formed by mounting one laser and one detector in opposite directions;
the two hosts and the two reflector groups are respectively arranged on four corners of a building to be tested, and laser emitted by a laser of the first host is detected by a detector of the second host after being reflected by the first reflector group, and laser emitted by the laser of the second host is detected by the detector of the first host after being reflected by the second reflector group.
In a third aspect, the present invention provides a method of measuring a settlement measurement of a building using the system, comprising the steps of:
1) Two hosts and two reflector groups are respectively arranged at four different corners of the same height of the building to be tested,
2) Opening the two lasers, adjusting the lasers and the reflector group to enable the laser emitted by the lasers of the first host to enter the central position of the detector of the second host after being reflected by the first reflector group, and enabling the laser emitted by the lasers of the second host to enter the central position of the detector of the first host after being reflected by the second reflector group;
3) The two sets of hosts measure laser light spots to obtain the light spot positions of the laser;
4) If the building subsides, the host computer obtains the subsidence condition of the building through analysis of the light spot positions.
The invention can accurately measure the settlement of the building and eliminate false early warning. Unlike the prior art in which a simple laser-detector device senses only relative motion, the orthogonal reflection light path is a light conversion light path, and when the relative motion occurs between the position of the laser and the position of the detector, whether the position of the laser changes or the position of the detector changes can be accurately given. The method is particularly suitable for being installed at four corners of a building, two sets of the devices are mutually measured, and various complex vertical displacement conditions of the building can be estimated according to the measurement results. The device is characterized in that the orthogonal reflection light path is formed by only two orthogonal reflectors, the position of the device can also be a measuring point, and the detection cost of a unit detection point is reduced. The related device can calculate the movement of the sub-pixels on the detection surface by combining a good spot position algorithm, and can greatly improve the detection sensitivity of the device.
The device or the system can process the measurement data by the self-contained calculation unit, thereby directly obtaining the settlement condition of the building; the measuring data of the device or the system can be transmitted to a remote monitoring end in real time to be processed by the monitoring end, so that the settlement condition of the building can be obtained.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of the basic principle of measuring the settlement of a building based on the position of a laser spot;
FIG. 2 is a schematic representation of the measurement of building settlement using the system of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of a host according to the present invention;
fig. 4 is a schematic structural diagram of the light orthogonal transformation reflecting mirror group according to the present invention and a schematic light reflection diagram thereof.
Detailed Description
The invention is further illustrated and described below in connection with specific embodiments. The described embodiments are merely exemplary of the present disclosure and do not limit the scope. The technical features of the embodiments of the invention can be combined correspondingly on the premise of no mutual conflict.
As shown in fig. 2. When monitoring a building with four corners, two sets of measuring devices (a first host 11 and a first reflecting mirror group 21, a second host 12 and a second reflecting mirror group 22) can be adopted, and the two sets of measuring devices are respectively placed at the four corners of the building 4, and the light paths are adjusted, so that the laser emitted by the laser of one set of measuring devices irradiates on the detector of the other set of measuring devices after being reflected by the light conversion reflecting mirror group.
Both hosts have the same structure. The first host 11 is constituted by a laser (transmitting end) 111 and a detector (receiving end) 112 facing away from each other, and is connected together by a housing 110, as shown in fig. 3.
The normal lines of the laser and the detector need not be coaxial, and may even be perpendicular to each other, i.e. the normal lines of the laser and the detector need not have a specific relationship to each other. The laser 111 may be a semiconductor laser or microchip laser, and for realizing convenient alignment and debugging, an adjustable mirror 117 may be added at the exit end for adjusting the emission direction of the output laser when the device is installed. To ensure good output beam quality, the output laser beam of the laser may be focused by a lens 113 and a pinhole 114 with a diameter of about 15 μm may be placed at the focal point. The laser is collimated by the lens 115 after being filtered by the pinhole 114, so that better beam quality can be obtained. The detector 112 may be a PSD or an array CCD. The laser filtered by the pinhole 114 has a good gaussian distribution on its cross section, so that, when the detector 112 receives the light spot, the received data can be subjected to gaussian fitting by the processor 116, or the light spot is simply treated as a circle, and the processing algorithm is mature and will not be described here.
The light conversion reflector group is a core device of the system. The laser light emitted from the laser 111 is reflected by the light conversion mirror group, and its properties change. The light conversion mirror group is constituted as shown in fig. 4, and includes a first mirror 210 and a second mirror 211; the first mirror 210 and the second mirror 211 are planar mirrors, each having an angle of incidence of 45 ° with respect to the incident light, but are positioned in an orthogonal manner, i.e., the first mirror 210 is rotated 45 ° clockwise about the y-axis and the second mirror 211 is rotated 45 ° counter-clockwise about the x-axis when the initial normal of the mirrors is +z. According to the optical path shown in fig. 4, when the incident light ray 30 moves in the vertical direction (z direction), for example, it moves to a place indicated by a light ray 31. Comparing light ray 30 and light ray 31, it can be seen that when light ray 30 and light ray 31 are displaced in the z-direction (vertical direction), the distance between light ray 30 and light ray 31 becomes displaced in the y-direction (horizontal direction) after being reflected by first mirror 210 and second mirror 211, a process referred to herein as a light ray conversion operation.
After the working principle of the light conversion reflecting mirror group is known, the working principle of the system is analyzed. In use, as shown in FIG. 2, two sets of hosts and two light-altering mirror sets are positioned in a direction around a building. The laser beam emitted from the first host 11 is reflected by the first mirror group 21 and then irradiated onto the detector of the second host 12. And the laser light emitted from the second host 12 is reflected by the second mirror group 22 and then irradiated onto the detector of the first host 11. Because both the two sets of hosts and the two light conversion mirror groups are fixed on the building, when the building subsides, the hosts or the mirror groups move together with the building, so that the light spot irradiated by the first host 11 on the second host 21 (or the light spot irradiated by the second host 21 on the first host 11) can move. Specifically, the following analysis can be performed:
1) When only the position of a certain host is moved in the vertical direction. Without loss of generality, assuming that the first host 11 is settled at the location where the first host 11 is located, the first host 11 moves downward (-z direction) along with the building, and in connection with the analysis of fig. 4, after being reflected by the first mirror group 21, the moving direction becomes the same distance to the left (+y) direction. The change in the spot (+y-direction movement) is received by the second host 12 and a response is made; conversely, when the position of the first host 11 rises (+z direction movement), the second host 12 will receive the light spot to move the same distance to the right (-y direction). Similarly, when only the second host 12 is vertically moving, a similar result will be received by the first host 11.
Since the first host 11 and the second host 12 are monitored with each other, when the first host 11 sinks, the second host 12 and the second mirror group 22 do not move, so that the laser light emitted from the second host 12 is perceived by the detector on the first host 11 as rising in position of the light spot with respect to the first host 11.
2) When only the position where the light-converting mirror group is located is moved in the vertical direction. It is assumed that the movement occurs in which the first mirror group 21 is located. As can be seen from the analysis of fig. 4, the first mirror group 21 is settled, and the laser beam emitted from the first host 11 rises (+z direction) with respect to the first mirror group 21, and after being reflected by the mirror group 21, the spot moves rightward (-y direction). The spot will also be depressed (-z direction) due to the sinking of the first mirror group 21 as a whole. The movement is felt by the second host 12. Similarly, the laser beam emitted from the second host 12 does not move with respect to the second host 12, the second mirror group 22 and the first host 11, and therefore the position of the light spot received by the first host 11 does not change.
3) When a certain wall moves integrally. Assuming that the wall surface between the first host 11 and the first mirror group 21 is settled to the same extent, there is no relative movement between the first host 11 and the first mirror group 21, and thus the laser light emitted from the first host 11 does not move on the first mirror group 21. But the second host 12 will detect a drop (-z direction) in the spot reflected by the first mirror group 21 due to the light reflected by the first mirror group 21 relative to the detector of the second host 12. At the same time, the first host 11 receives light from the second mirror group 22, and perceives a spot rise (+z direction); if the first host 11 and the first mirror group 21 sink at the same time and the degree of sinking is different, the second host 12 detects the spot descent (-z direction) and the leftward (+y direction) movement at the same time. Similarly, a similar analysis can be obtained when only the other facets are changed.
In summary of the above analysis, when a movement in a vertical direction occurs somewhere in a building, it can be summarized as follows:
as can be seen from the above table, when a certain corner or one surface of the building sinks or rises, the light spot received by the host computer is analyzed, so that the movement condition of the building in the vertical direction can be uniquely judged.
The present invention is described in detail above, but the present invention is not limited thereto. Modifications according to the principles of the present invention may be made by one skilled in the art, and thus, any modifications made according to the principles of the present invention should be understood as falling within the scope of the present invention.
Claims (10)
1. Building subsides measuring device based on light orthogonal transformation, characterized by including:
a laser for providing high beam quality collimated light for sedimentation detection;
a detector for measuring a change in the position of the laser spot falling on the detector;
the reflecting mirror group can perform orthogonal transformation of light rays, emits laser twice, and spatially transforms the moving direction of the laser so as to realize asymmetric displacement measurement; the asymmetric displacement refers to the displacement generated by the laser and the displacement generated by the detector, and the measured result is asymmetric.
2. The building settlement measurement device based on the orthogonal transformation of light rays according to claim 1, wherein the reflecting mirror group is composed of a first reflecting mirror and a second reflecting mirror; the first reflecting mirror and the second reflecting mirror are plane reflecting mirrors, and the placement modes are orthogonal; the function of the reflector group is to convert the displacement of the laser in one direction into the displacement in the other orthogonal direction in space after reflection conversion.
3. The apparatus for measuring subsidence of a building based on orthogonal transformation of light as claimed in claim 2, wherein the first and second mirrors are disposed in an orthogonal manner at an incident angle of 45 ° with respect to the incident light, and the first mirror is rotated 45 ° clockwise about the y-axis and the second mirror is rotated 45 ° counterclockwise about the x-axis when the initial normal directions of the first and second mirrors are both +z-axes.
4. A building settlement measurement system based on orthogonal transformation of light rays, which is characterized by comprising at least two sets of building settlement measurement devices according to any one of claims 1 to 3; each set of building settlement measuring device comprises a reflector group and a host machine formed by mounting one laser and one detector in opposite directions;
the two hosts and the two reflector groups are respectively arranged on four corners of a building to be tested, and laser emitted by a laser of the first host is detected by a detector of the second host after being reflected by the first reflector group, and laser emitted by the laser of the second host is detected by the detector of the first host after being reflected by the second reflector group.
5. The building settlement measurement system based on the orthogonal transformation of light rays according to claim 4, wherein the laser adopts a semiconductor laser or a microchip laser, and the detector adopts a PSD or an array CCD; the laser and the detector are connected together by a housing to form a host.
6. The building settlement measurement system based on the orthogonal transformation of light rays according to claim 5, wherein the output laser light of the laser is focused by the lens first and a pinhole is placed at the focus; the laser is collimated by a lens after being filtered by a pinhole, and finally the emission direction of the output laser is regulated by an adjustable reflector.
7. The system for measuring settlement of buildings based on orthogonal transformation of light rays according to claim 4, wherein the measurement data of the two hosts are mutually transmitted by wireless means.
8. A method of measuring a settlement of a building using the system of claim 4, comprising the steps of:
(1) Two hosts and two reflector groups are respectively arranged at four different corners of the same height of the building to be tested,
(2) Opening the two lasers, adjusting the lasers and the reflector group, so that laser emitted by the lasers of the first host is reflected by the first reflector group and then enters the central position of the detector of the second host, and laser emitted by the lasers of the second host is reflected by the second reflector group and then enters the central position of the detector of the first host;
(3) The two sets of hosts measure laser light spots to obtain the light spot positions of the laser;
(4) If the building subsides, the host computer obtains the subsidence condition of the building through analysis of the light spot positions.
9. The method for measuring settlement of buildings according to claim 8, wherein said step 4) is specifically:
(4.1) judging that the building does not have sedimentation when the first host and the second host do not sense the photoelectric movement of the laser;
(4.2) when the first host senses that the laser generates Z-axis direction movement;
if the second host does not sense the photoelectric movement of the laser and the first host senses the movement of the laser in the Y-axis direction at the same time, judging that the position of the second reflector group is sunk or raised;
if the second host senses that the laser moves in the Y-axis direction at the moment, judging that the position of the first host sinks or rises;
if the second host senses that the laser moves in the Z-axis direction at the moment, judging that the surface where the first host and the first reflecting mirror group are located sinks or rises or the surface where the second host and the second reflecting mirror group are located sinks or rises;
(4.3) when the first host senses that the laser generates Y-axis direction movement;
if the second host machine senses that the laser moves in the Z-axis direction at the same time, judging that the position of the second host machine sinks or rises;
if the second host senses that the laser moves in the Y-axis direction at the moment, judging that the surfaces of the first reflector group and the second host sink or rise or the surfaces of the first host and the second reflector group sink or rise;
and (4.4) judging that the position of the first reflecting mirror group is sunk or raised when the first host does not sense the photoelectric movement of the laser and the second host senses the simultaneous movement of the laser in the Y-axis direction and the Z-axis direction.
10. A method of building settlement measurement as claimed in claim 9, wherein the determination of whether there is a dip or rise is made in the location based on the direction of movement of the Y and Z axes.
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN202310804389.4A CN116817851A (en) | 2023-07-03 | 2023-07-03 | Building measurement device, system and method based on light ray transformation |
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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| CN202310804389.4A CN116817851A (en) | 2023-07-03 | 2023-07-03 | Building measurement device, system and method based on light ray transformation |
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| CN116817851A true CN116817851A (en) | 2023-09-29 |
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| CN202310804389.4A Pending CN116817851A (en) | 2023-07-03 | 2023-07-03 | Building measurement device, system and method based on light ray transformation |
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