CN116814903B - Vacuum induction smelting method for high-purity stainless steel - Google Patents
Vacuum induction smelting method for high-purity stainless steel Download PDFInfo
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- CN116814903B CN116814903B CN202310859025.6A CN202310859025A CN116814903B CN 116814903 B CN116814903 B CN 116814903B CN 202310859025 A CN202310859025 A CN 202310859025A CN 116814903 B CN116814903 B CN 116814903B
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Abstract
The invention provides a vacuum induction smelting method of high-purity stainless steel, which comprises the steps of adding high-purity return materials at the end of smelting, wherein the addition amount of the high-purity return materials is not less than the molten steel containing weight under the condition of the height of 100mm of a crucible for smelting; the high-purity return material is high-purity stainless steel cut blocks or clean and pressed scraps smelted by a vacuum induction smelting and vacuum consumable remelting duplex process, and the O of the return material is less than or equal to 10ppm. The invention reduces the loss of metal materials caused by the fact that the metal ring cannot be melted into a molten pool under the conventional condition, and ensures that the stainless steel smelting yield in the vacuum induction smelting stage reaches more than 98 percent. The invention reuses the high purity return material after VIM+VAR, avoids the formation of metal rings, avoids the loss of 2-4% of molten steel, improves the yield of molten steel in the vacuum induction smelting stage, and effectively reduces the production cost of high purity stainless steel on the premise of not reducing the purity of the stainless steel.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of vacuum induction smelting, and particularly relates to a vacuum induction smelting method of high-purity stainless steel.
Background
In the conventional vacuum induction smelting operation, in order to improve the purity of molten steel and reduce inclusion residues, the characteristic that a carbon deoxidization product is gas is generally fully utilized, and the strength of a carbon deoxidization reaction is enhanced under the high-temperature high-vacuum condition so as to deoxidize the molten steel. However, the high temperature and high vacuum carbon deoxidation causes the molten steel to boil, and the splashed molten steel adheres to the inner wall of the crucible to form a metal ring with a height of about 100mm on the liquid surface (see FIG. 1). The metal ring is positioned higher than the metal liquid level, and the metal ring cannot be completely scalded by shaking the crucible, so that the total yield of the metal material is reduced by 2-4%, and the control of the production cost is not facilitated. And along with the increase of smelting times, the volume of the metal ring is increased (particularly thickened), the effective inner diameter of the crucible is reduced, and the clamping accident is easy to occur in the feeding process. In order to avoid the risk of jamming, the metal ring must be cleaned out of the crucible when a certain thickness is reached. There are two general ways to clean the ferrule: firstly, after smelting, the vacuum furnace is cooled to room temperature, and the metal ring is cleaned manually under the condition of breaking vacuum. However, the cooling period of the treatment mode is too long, and the labor intensity of workers is high, which is not beneficial to continuous production of smelting; secondly, the metal ring is melted by adopting a furnace washing method, and the weight of molten steel is additionally increased in the method, so that the metal ring is just immersed and melted by the liquid level of molten steel for furnace washing. However, the furnace washing needs to prepare additional metal materials, and is time-consuming and electricity-consuming, thereby being unfavorable for the control of production cost.
On the other hand, for ultra-pure stainless steel with special purposes, the production process of the ultra-pure stainless steel needs to adopt a vacuum induction smelting and vacuum consumable remelting (VIM+VAR) duplex process to improve the purity of the product. The stainless steel produced by the vacuum duplex process needs to be peeled off for a plurality of times, and the head and tail cutting rate of the consumable remelting ingot is high, so that the total yield of the high-purity stainless steel is very low, and approximately 30-40% of return materials can be produced in each furnace. Since the return materials are produced by a vacuum duplex process, the purity is high, and if the return materials are treated as common waste materials, serious waste is caused.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to solve the problems in the prior art, the invention provides a vacuum induction smelting method of high-purity stainless steel. According to the invention, the high-purity return material is added into molten steel being smelted in the vacuum induction furnace, and the metal ring adhered to the crucible is scalded, so that on the premise of not reducing the purity of the molten steel, the problem of high-efficiency utilization of the high-purity return material is solved, the problem of the metal ring adhered to the crucible in the vacuum induction furnace is solved, and the production cost of high-purity stainless steel is greatly reduced.
In order to achieve the above purpose, the technical scheme adopted by the invention is as follows:
The invention provides a vacuum induction smelting method of high-purity stainless steel, which comprises the steps of adding high-purity return materials at the end of smelting, wherein the addition amount of the high-purity return materials is not less than the molten steel containing weight under the condition of the height of 100mm of a crucible for smelting; the high-purity return material is high-purity stainless steel cut blocks or clean and pressed scraps smelted by a vacuum induction smelting and vacuum consumable remelting duplex process, and the O of the return material is less than or equal to 10ppm.
Preferably, the molten steel in the crucible is refined at high temperature before the high-purity return material is added, so that the purity requirement is met.
Preferably, a high-purity return material is added by using a feeding barrel, the molten steel scalds the bottom of the feeding barrel of the stainless steel material when the return material is added, and the return material block stably enters a molten pool through the scalding gap.
Preferably, the charging bucket is of a split structure, and comprises a charging bucket side wall 1 and a stainless steel basin 4 with edges, wherein a limit flanging 2 is arranged on the inner side of the bottom of the charging bucket side wall 1, and the stainless steel basin 2 reaches the bottom of the charging bucket and is clamped by the limit flanging 2 when being placed in the charging bucket.
Preferably, the side wall 1 of the feeding barrel is a straight pipe curled by a stainless steel plate.
Preferably, the stainless steel basin 4 is a thin-wall stainless steel basin.
Preferably, before the return material is added, molten steel in the crucible is not frozen and is not cooled.
Preferably, the return material is cooled, and then temperature-regulated and tapping is carried out.
Preferably, the method further comprises the steps of melting and high temperature refining the green stock.
According to the invention, an innovative feeding container is used, a certain amount of high-purity return material is stably added at the end of smelting, so that the liquid level of a molten pool is raised, a metal ring splashed and attached to the wall of a crucible in the high-temperature refining period is completely melted, the metal material loss caused by the fact that the metal ring cannot be melted into the molten pool under the conventional condition is reduced, and the stainless steel smelting yield in the vacuum induction smelting stage is up to more than 98%.
The invention reuses the high purity return material after VIM+VAR, avoids the formation of metal rings, avoids the loss of 2-4% of molten steel, improves the yield of molten steel in the vacuum induction smelting stage, and effectively reduces the production cost of high purity stainless steel on the premise of not reducing the purity of the stainless steel.
The method is suitable for vacuum induction furnaces with various capacities of 0.5t, 1t, 3t and the like and smelting stainless steel with various types.
Drawings
The accompanying drawings are included to provide a further understanding of the invention and are incorporated in and constitute a part of this specification, illustrate the invention and together with the embodiments of the invention, serve to explain the invention. In the drawings:
FIG. 1 shows a metal ring (section) stuck to the crucible wall.
Fig. 2 is a schematic view of a conventional method of using a loading bucket.
FIG. 3 is a schematic view of a loading drum structure for use in the method of the present invention.
Fig. 4 is a schematic illustration of the use of the loading drum of the present invention for loading.
Wherein, 1 is the charging bucket lateral wall, 2 is thin hemp rope, 3 is the loose-leaf, 4 is the stainless steel basin, 5 is the limit turn-ups, 6 is the material piece, 7 is the metal loop, 8 is the steel liquid level, 9 is the crucible, 10 is the molten steel.
Detailed Description
The following examples facilitate a better understanding of the present invention, but are not intended to limit the same. The experimental methods in the following examples are conventional methods unless otherwise specified.
The invention provides a vacuum induction smelting method of high-purity stainless steel, which comprises the step of adding high-purity return materials at the end of smelting, wherein the addition amount of the high-purity return materials is not less than the molten steel containing weight under the condition of the height of 100mm of a crucible for smelting. The high-purity return material is cut high-purity stainless steel blocks smelted by a VIM+VAR method or clean and pressed scraps, and the oxygen O of the return material is less than or equal to 10ppm.
The addition of low-purity metal raw materials at the end of smelting can cause molten steel pollution, and the operation time for re-refining and purifying is too long as the smelting reaches the end, so that the method does not have practical conditions. In order to avoid the adverse effect of the end-stage charge on the molten steel, high purity is required.
In a conventional vacuum induction smelting process, a metal ring, which causes molten steel to splash and adhere to the inner wall of a crucible, is generally located in a range of about 100mm above the liquid level of the steel. When the amount of the return material added later is less than the molten steel holding weight of the smelting crucible under the condition of 100mm height, the formed metal ring cannot be completely melted by the added return material. The metal ring can be melted only when the amount of the returned materials is more than or equal to the molten steel containing weight of the smelting crucible under the condition of 100mm height, thereby reducing the molten steel loss and improving the yield.
In some embodiments, the molten steel in the crucible is refined at high temperature to a purity level (O.ltoreq.50 ppm) prior to addition of the high purity return charge.
If the molten steel in the crucible is not refined and purified before the return material is added, the alloy liquid with good purity cannot be obtained after the high-purity return material is added. If high-temperature high-vacuum deoxidation is performed again for further purification, molten steel is still splashed, and a new metal ring is formed. Therefore, the molten steel in the crucible is required to meet the purity requirement, and then the return material is added, and after the return material is melted and cleaned, the temperature can be adjusted to carry out tapping.
In some embodiments, a loading bucket is used to add a high purity return charge, the molten steel scalds the bottom of the loading bucket of stainless steel material when the return charge is added, and the return charge block smoothly enters the molten pool through the scalding gap.
The vacuum induction furnace comprises a charging chamber and a smelting chamber, wherein the charging chamber is positioned right above the smelting chamber and is connected with the smelting chamber through a vacuum valve. The crucible is arranged in the smelting chamber, the charging barrel is arranged in the charging chamber, and the crucible is coaxial with the charging barrel. And before the high-temperature refining is finished for 20 minutes, the material blocks are placed into a feeding barrel, then the feeding chamber is vacuumized, when the vacuum degree of the feeding chamber is consistent with that of the smelting chamber, a vacuum valve is opened, the feeding chamber is communicated with the smelting chamber, and the feeding barrel is lowered into the smelting chamber from the feeding chamber for feeding.
In conventional vacuum induction smelting charging operations, there are generally three ways. Firstly, a metallic hanging wire is welded on a metal material block, and the material block is slowly lowered into molten steel from a charging chamber through the hanging wire. The feeding mode can smoothly add the material blocks into the molten pool one by one, but the feeding speed is slower, and the vacuum valve is opened every time of feeding, so that the abrasion of the valve is increased, and the service life is reduced. Secondly, a charging barrel is used as a charging container. The bottom of the conventional feeding barrel is 6-8 loose leaves, and all the loose leaves are fixed together by using a fine hemp rope (see fig. 2). When the feeding barrel is about 1 meter away from the liquid level of the steel, the fine hemp rope is heated and disconnected, the loose-leaf is opened, and a large number of material blocks fall into the molten steel from the feeding barrel. The method has high feeding speed, but a large number of metal blocks have high gravitational potential energy, and a large amount of molten steel can splash when the metal blocks are crashed into a molten pool. And thirdly, a side-mounting mode is adopted. Namely, the material block is placed in the hopper above the side of the crucible, the material block is driven to fall into molten steel by shaking feeding, the feeding speed is high under the condition, but the gravitational potential energy of the added metal material block is still high, and the molten steel can still be splashed after the material block falls in a large scale.
In order to avoid the defects of the three feeding modes, the molten steel can be frozen before the return materials are added, a large number of metal blocks are added through the feeding barrel or the side feeding hopper and drop on the surface of the solidified alloy, so that the operation can avoid frequent opening of the vacuum valve, and more metal materials can be added at one time and molten steel splashing can be avoided. However, this operation requires the freezing of high temperature molten steel, typically from 1600 to 1650 ℃ to 1450 to 1480 ℃, requiring a long waiting time and increasing the time cost. And a large number of metal blocks are added into the molten pool, so that the temperature of molten steel is slowly raised, and the heat energy of the high-temperature molten steel in the earlier stage is wasted.
The method of the invention does not need to freeze and cool the molten steel before adding the high-purity return material, and has high feeding speed. The main measure is that the metal material is directly fed into the molten pool by adopting the feeding barrel, so that the gravitational potential energy of the metal material is reduced to the greatest extent, and the problem of molten steel splashing is avoided. And the temperature of molten steel is in a higher state before adding, so that the melting time of a metal block after adding can be shortened, and the electric energy consumption is saved.
According to some embodiments of the present application, the charging bucket is of a split structure, and comprises a charging bucket side wall 1 and a stainless steel basin 4 with edges, wherein the inner side of the bottom of the charging bucket side wall 1 is provided with a limit flanging 2, and when the stainless steel basin 4 is placed in the charging bucket, the stainless steel basin reaches the bottom of the charging bucket and is clamped by the limit flanging 2.
According to some embodiments of the application, the side wall 1 of the feeding barrel is a straight tube curled by a stainless steel plate.
The shape of the stainless steel basin 4 is not particularly required, so long as the stainless steel basin is provided with edges and can contain return materials.
The invention has no specific requirements on the material of the stainless steel 4, for example, food grade stainless steel or common commercial stainless steel can be selected. The common commercial thin-wall stainless steel basin is preferably selected, the thin-wall basin is easy to melt during charging, and the common commercial stainless steel basin is low in price, so that the smelting cost is further reduced. For the ton-level smelting process, the addition of a small amount of common stainless steel has little influence on the purity of the steel ingot.
The charging container of the invention adopts a charging barrel without a bottom belt edge, and is matched with a commercially available thin-wall stainless steel basin with a rim as a bottom. First, the return materials are placed in a feeding barrel, the feeding barrel steadily descends right above molten steel, when the stainless steel basin bottom contacts the molten steel surface, the basin bottom is melted, and the material block enters the molten steel (see fig. 3). The advantages of this approach are: in the descending process, the stainless steel basin bottom cannot be melted, and can be melted only when contacting the molten steel surface, so that the gravitational potential energy of the material block is reduced, and splashing of the molten steel is avoided. Meanwhile, molten steel does not need to be frozen and cooled when the return materials are added. The freezing and cooling are used for reducing splashing when the material block falls into molten steel. The use of the feeding barrel of the invention avoids splashing of molten steel and naturally omits the processes of freezing and cooling.
The invention has no specific requirements for the height of the stainless steel basin 4, as long as it can hold a sufficient amount of high purity return material.
In some embodiments, the return charge is cleaned and then tempered to tap.
The purity of the return material is higher, the requirement of the purity of the finished product is met, and the temperature adjustment tapping can be realized without deoxidization and denitrification treatment after the return material is added into the chemical cleaning.
The temperature-regulating tapping is carried out at a tapping temperature commonly used in the prior art, for example, by overheating at 150-180 ℃ at the melting point of stainless steel.
In some embodiments, the methods of the present invention further comprise the step of melting and high temperature refining the green feed. And (3) melting and refining the new materials at high temperature by adopting a method in the prior art.
Under the condition of the existing metal ring, the metal ring can be scalded once under the condition of only increasing the molten steel amount by using the method of the invention, and the metal ring can not be removed if the molten steel amount is not increased (namely, the molten steel level is required to be over the edge of the metal ring). For example: a1 ton furnace usually forms a metal ring after smelting 1 ton of molten steel, and the metal ring can be removed once only by using at least 1.2 tons of molten steel.
The method of the invention is used for smelting from the beginning, and metal rings cannot be formed for a plurality of times.
The method is suitable for vacuum induction furnaces with various capacities of 0.5t, 1t, 3t and the like and smelting stainless steel with various types.
The invention will be further described with reference to the drawings and examples of the specification.
Example 1
From the figures 3 and 4 of the drawings,
Smelting 304 stainless steel is performed on a1 ton vacuum induction furnace. The specific smelting process comprises the following steps:
(1) Charging: all 500kg of new steelmaking materials were placed in crucible 9, another 500kg of high purity return material block 6 smelted by vim+var method was prepared and placed in the charging barrel, o=6ppm of return materials.
The feeding barrel comprises a feeding barrel side wall 1 and a stainless steel basin 4 with edges, wherein a limit flanging 2 is arranged on the inner side of the bottom of the feeding barrel side wall 1, and when the stainless steel basin 2 is placed in the feeding barrel, the stainless steel basin reaches the bottom of the feeding barrel and is clamped by the limit flanging 2;
The side wall 1 of the feeding barrel is a straight pipe curled by a stainless steel plate, and the stainless steel basin 4 can be a common commercially available thin-wall stainless steel basin with edges.
(2) Melting: the vacuum degree is less than 1.0Pa, power transmission is started, the temperature is kept for 30 minutes under 300KW, and the post-rising power is 500KW to chemical clearing (2-3 hours).
(3) Refining at high temperature: after new materials are cleaned, the temperature is raised to 1600 ℃, the vacuum degree is less than or equal to 1.0Pa, and the temperature is kept for 60 minutes, so that the purity requirement (O is less than or equal to 50 ppm) is met.
(4) Charging period: the feeding barrel is steadily lowered from the position right above the liquid level of the molten steel 10 to be in contact with the liquid level 8 of the molten steel, the bottom of the stainless steel basin 4 is melted, the returned feeding material blocks 6 are all steadily fed into the molten steel 10, and then the feeding barrel is quickly pulled up to a feeding chamber, and at the moment, the liquid level of the molten steel is over the edge of the metal ring.
(5) Pouring: and (5) after returning to melting and cleaning, regulating the temperature of molten steel to 1600 ℃, and carrying out charged casting.
Weighing after the steel ingot is taken out of the die, wherein the weight of the steel ingot is 991kg, and the yield is 99.1%.
Example 2
This embodiment differs from embodiment 1 in that: 300kg of new steelmaking material and 700kg of high-purity returned material block smelted by a VIM+VAR method. The remainder was the same as in example 1.
Example 3
This embodiment differs from embodiment 1 in that: 400kg of new steelmaking material and 600kg of high-purity returned material blocks smelted by a VIM+VAR method. The remainder was the same as in example 1.
Example 4
This embodiment differs from embodiment 1 in that: the feeding barrel is of an integrated structure. The remainder was the same as in example 1.
Using such a loading drum, the yield and purity of the finally prepared ingot were almost identical to those of example 1. However, with respect to example 1, the charging barrel needs to be replaced every time charging, which causes waste of materials and increases the cost.
Comparative example 1
Smelting 304 stainless steel is performed on a1 ton vacuum induction furnace. The specific smelting process comprises the following steps:
(1) Charging: all 1000kg of fresh steel making material of the same batch as in example 1 was placed in the crucible.
(2) Melting: the vacuum degree is less than 1.0Pa, power transmission is started, the temperature is kept for 30 minutes under 300KW, and the post-rising power is 500KW to chemical clearing (3-4 hours).
(3) Refining at high temperature: after the new material is melted and cleaned, the temperature is raised to 1600 ℃, the vacuum degree is less than or equal to 1.0Pa, and the temperature is kept for 60 minutes.
(4) Pouring: and (5) adjusting the temperature of molten steel to 1600 ℃ and carrying out charged casting.
After the steel ingot is taken out of the mold, weighing is carried out, the weight of the steel ingot is 952kg, the yield is 95.2%, a metal ring is formed on the inner wall of the crucible, and the volume of the metal ring is increased along with the increase of smelting times.
Finally, it should be noted that: the foregoing description is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention, and the present invention is not limited thereto, but it is to be understood that modifications and equivalents of some of the technical features described in the foregoing embodiments may be made by those skilled in the art, although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the foregoing embodiments. Any modification, equivalent replacement, improvement, etc. made within the spirit and principle of the present invention should be included in the protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (9)
1. A vacuum induction smelting method of high purity stainless steel is characterized in that: the method comprises the steps of adding high-purity return materials at the end of smelting, wherein the addition amount of the high-purity return materials is not less than the molten steel containing weight under the condition of the height of 100mm of a crucible for smelting; the high-purity return material is high-purity stainless steel cut blocks or clean and pressed scraps smelted by a vacuum induction smelting and vacuum consumable remelting duplex process, and the O of the return material is less than or equal to 10ppm.
2. The vacuum induction smelting method of high purity stainless steel according to claim 1, wherein: before the high-purity return material is added, the molten steel in the crucible is refined at high temperature, so that the purity requirement is met.
3. The vacuum induction smelting method of high purity stainless steel according to claim 1, wherein: the high-purity return material is added by using the feeding barrel, when the return material is added, molten steel scalds the bottom of the feeding barrel of the stainless steel material, and the return material block stably enters a molten pool through the scalding notch.
4. A vacuum induction smelting method of high purity stainless steel according to claim 3, wherein: the charging bucket is split structure, including charging bucket lateral wall (1) and stainless steel basin (4) of taking the edge, there is spacing turn-ups (2) in the bottom inboard of charging bucket lateral wall (1), and when charging bucket is inside placed in to stainless steel basin (4), reaches the charging bucket barrel head and is blocked by spacing turn-ups (2).
5. The vacuum induction smelting method of high purity stainless steel according to claim 4, wherein: the side wall (1) of the feeding barrel is a straight pipe curled by a stainless steel plate.
6. The vacuum induction smelting method of high purity stainless steel according to claim 4, wherein: the stainless steel basin (4) is a thin-wall stainless steel basin.
7. A vacuum induction smelting method for high purity stainless steel according to any one of claims 4 to 6, wherein: before the return materials are added, the molten steel in the crucible is not frozen and cooled.
8. The vacuum induction smelting method of high purity stainless steel according to claim 1, wherein: and (5) returning to the material, clearing, and then adjusting the temperature and tapping.
9. The vacuum induction smelting method of high purity stainless steel according to claim 1, wherein: the method further comprises the steps of melting and high temperature refining the new steelmaking material.
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| CN104404356A (en) * | 2014-12-10 | 2015-03-11 | 沈阳科金特种材料有限公司 | Method for smelting return scrap of martensitic stainless steel used for impeller |
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| GB1192428A (en) * | 1966-11-29 | 1970-05-20 | Voest Alpine Montan Ag | Process for the production of Chromium-Alloy Steels having a Low Carbon Content |
| CN101818232A (en) * | 2010-05-04 | 2010-09-01 | 董玉银 | Method for producing extra-low-carbon stainless steel by vacuum induction refining |
| CN203269973U (en) * | 2013-05-10 | 2013-11-06 | 武汉钢铁(集团)公司 | Feeding device for vacuum induction furnace |
| CN104357732A (en) * | 2014-10-21 | 2015-02-18 | 沈阳黎明航空发动机(集团)有限责任公司 | Method for smelting cast stainless steel from ZG0Cr17Ni4Cu3Nb alloy return scrap |
| CN104404356A (en) * | 2014-12-10 | 2015-03-11 | 沈阳科金特种材料有限公司 | Method for smelting return scrap of martensitic stainless steel used for impeller |
| CN209431857U (en) * | 2018-11-17 | 2019-09-24 | 上海鑫蓝海自动化科技有限公司 | A kind of metallurgical feeding device for vaccum sensitive stove |
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| CN116814903A (en) | 2023-09-29 |
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