CN101440436A - Purified smelting technique for high-temperature superalloy - Google Patents
Purified smelting technique for high-temperature superalloy Download PDFInfo
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- CN101440436A CN101440436A CNA2007101584202A CN200710158420A CN101440436A CN 101440436 A CN101440436 A CN 101440436A CN A2007101584202 A CNA2007101584202 A CN A2007101584202A CN 200710158420 A CN200710158420 A CN 200710158420A CN 101440436 A CN101440436 A CN 101440436A
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- 238000003723 Smelting Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 45
- 229910000601 superalloy Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims description 39
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title abstract description 12
- 229910045601 alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 60
- 239000000956 alloy Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 60
- 238000007670 refining Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 23
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 17
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 15
- 238000002844 melting Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 14
- 230000008018 melting Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 14
- 230000006698 induction Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 claims description 21
- 230000005611 electricity Effects 0.000 claims description 20
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 14
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 claims description 14
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 12
- OYPRJOBELJOOCE-UHFFFAOYSA-N Calcium Chemical compound [Ca] OYPRJOBELJOOCE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 12
- 229910052791 calcium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 12
- 239000011575 calcium Substances 0.000 claims description 12
- 238000006392 deoxygenation reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 12
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 10
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 7
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 5
- 150000004767 nitrides Chemical class 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 claims description 4
- 230000015271 coagulation Effects 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000005345 coagulation Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000003756 stirring Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910000714 At alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000010419 fine particle Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 abstract description 14
- 241001062472 Stokellia anisodon Species 0.000 abstract description 4
- 238000005272 metallurgy Methods 0.000 abstract description 4
- 230000031877 prophase Effects 0.000 abstract 1
- CPLXHLVBOLITMK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Magnesium oxide Chemical compound [Mg]=O CPLXHLVBOLITMK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 9
- 230000008014 freezing Effects 0.000 description 9
- 238000007710 freezing Methods 0.000 description 9
- PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nickel Chemical compound [Ni] PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 5
- 239000000395 magnesium oxide Substances 0.000 description 5
- 239000010959 steel Substances 0.000 description 5
- 238000005266 casting Methods 0.000 description 4
- 229910052761 rare earth metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 210000003128 head Anatomy 0.000 description 3
- 229910052759 nickel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 230000000630 rising effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 210000000795 conjunctiva Anatomy 0.000 description 2
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000007667 floating Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000011068 loading method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 150000002910 rare earth metals Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 239000011819 refractory material Substances 0.000 description 2
- RTAQQCXQSZGOHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Titanium Chemical compound [Ti] RTAQQCXQSZGOHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910000905 alloy phase Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000005275 alloying Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000000919 ceramic Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910017052 cobalt Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010941 cobalt Substances 0.000 description 1
- GUTLYIVDDKVIGB-UHFFFAOYSA-N cobalt atom Chemical compound [Co] GUTLYIVDDKVIGB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000007872 degassing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000002474 experimental method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 1
- PCHJSUWPFVWCPO-UHFFFAOYSA-N gold Chemical compound [Au] PCHJSUWPFVWCPO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000010931 gold Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052737 gold Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052735 hafnium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- VBJZVLUMGGDVMO-UHFFFAOYSA-N hafnium atom Chemical compound [Hf] VBJZVLUMGGDVMO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000001939 inductive effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005495 investment casting Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 1
- AXZKOIWUVFPNLO-UHFFFAOYSA-N magnesium;oxygen(2-) Chemical compound [O-2].[Mg+2] AXZKOIWUVFPNLO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000155 melt Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000002739 metals Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000005649 metathesis reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000012634 optical imaging Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010298 pulverizing process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000000746 purification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000011084 recovery Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000004064 recycling Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000007711 solidification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008023 solidification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052566 spinel group Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052715 tantalum Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- GUVRBAGPIYLISA-UHFFFAOYSA-N tantalum atom Chemical compound [Ta] GUVRBAGPIYLISA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000010936 titanium Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052719 titanium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
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- Manufacture And Refinement Of Metals (AREA)
Abstract
The invention belongs to the field of vacuum metallurgy, in particular to a process for purifying and smelting a high-temperature alloy returning material. The purifying and smelting process uses the prior MgO crucible, adopts a method different from a common smelting method for smelting high-temperature alloy to purify and smelt, can be simply described as a smelting process for double deoxidation and double cold standby, and specifically comprises a melting prophase, melting period, a refining period and a pouring period. The purifying and smelting process for the high-temperature alloy returning material by vacuum induction can reduce contents of O and N in the high-temperature alloy returning material to be less than 10ppm, achieves ultralow contents of the O and the N after the high-temperature alloy returning material is purified and smelted, meets the requirement of purifying and smelting nickel- based high-temperature alloy which has higher contents of the O and the N after repeated use and needs to reduce the contents of the O and the N.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to the vacuum metallurgy field, be specially a kind of pureization smelting technology of superalloy returns.
Background technology
The recovery rate of superalloy precision castings is generally 20% one 30%, the part that some is complex-shaped even have only 10%, be all existing with forms such as stub bar, running channel, rising head, scrapped parts and smear metals more than 70% of superalloy product, system is referred to as the superalloy returns.
The recycling of superalloy returns will produce remarkable economic efficiency, yet with the increase of returns adding proportion, nitrogen content obviously increases in the superalloy, causes dendritic structure thick, and loose tendency is the major cause that alloy mechanical property changes obviously.With virgin material alloy phase ratio, high-temperature and durable and the creep life of returning alloy obviously descend, its major cause is that strain rate is obviously accelerated, because it is higher to return in the alloy N content, cause existing more microporosity, thereby accelerated the increase of strain rate, have shown the creep rupture life of superalloy and creep life downtrending with the returns ratio.
China is less to the research of superalloy returns, and a large amount of high temperature platform gold returns also are not fully used, and it is more serious that returns overstock situation.Chinese invention patent application (publication number CN1786228A) discloses a kind of hafnium containing nickel base casting superalloy K488 revert alloy vacuum melting technique, adopt the method purification revert alloy that adds rare earth element, through Returning smelting repeatedly, wherein N content is lower than 100ppm.Its main weak point is: this superalloy returns smelting process adopts rare earth as the final deoxygenation element, because the rare earth element deoxidizing capacity is limited, deoxidation fully, and denitrification effect and surface active element oxygen level are closely related, only could carry out denitrogenation to greatest extent after fully carrying out deoxidation.Therefore, the melting again that the returns remelting way of employing Chinese invention patent application (publication number CN1786228A) is carried out the superalloy returns can not make nitrogen be reduced to below the 10PPm, and the superalloy returns remelting way of this invention description is used after can only arranging in pairs or groups with virgin material.
Summary of the invention
The object of the present invention is to provide a kind of pureization smelting technology of superalloy returns, realized the super low loading of superalloy returns O, N after pureization smelting.
Technical scheme of the present invention is:
A kind of pureization smelting technology of superalloy returns is used traditional MgO crucible, carries out pureization smelting, and the O of alloy, N content are reduced to below the 10ppm; Pureization smelting concrete steps are as follows:
(1) fusing early stage: 0.01～0.015% the C that accounts for the returns weight ratio is added crucible bottom in fusing early stage, and vacuumize until vacuum tightness below 3Pa, send, require small power to send this moment, power is 10～30 kilowatts, capacity on vacuum induction furnace is decided, and makes the sufficient exhaust of returns and makes C and O fully reacts the carrying out that is beneficial to the carbon deoxidation; After returns redden fully, change melting period over to, this moment, the high-power electricity that send finished until fusing;
(2) refining period: vacuumize until vacuum tightness below 1Pa, 1530 ℃ ± 10 ℃ of temperature, refining time is 10～20 minutes, decides on the capacity of vacuum induction furnace;
(3) first pool period: enter the cold of refining later stage after finishing refining period and put, this moment, vacuum pump worked on, and stopped to send electricity, made the alloy cooling until solidifying;
(4) the final deoxygenation phase: after treating that alloy solidifies fully, send electricity to make the alloy refuse, add pure metal calcium and carry out final deoxygenation;
(5) second pool period: alloy has a power failure through behind the final deoxygenation, make alloy in the high vacuum state natural coagulation, the oxygen, nitrogen that makes the deoxidation products, nitride and the free state that are dissolved in the alloy along with decrease of temperature under the situation that solubleness reduces, separate out and drain;
(6) cast of alloy: after treating that metal solidifies fully, send electricity that alloy is melted fully, thermometric to 1380 ℃ ± 10 ℃, charged cast.
The described final deoxygenation phase is just to have changed the pure metal calcium that clear moment adding has been divided into fine particle at alloy, being divided into several times adds, and each back raising power that adds stirs, the add-on of pure metal calcium accounts for 0.05～0.2% of returns weight percent, its granularity is 5～10mm, and adding indegree is 3～6 times.
Pureization of the present invention smelting technology can simply be described as the two cold smelting technologyes of putting of two deoxidations, specifically comprises: melt early stage, melting period, refining period, casting cycle.Early stage a spot of C is added in the crucible in fusing, and vacuumize until vacuum tightness below 3Pa, send, require small power to send electricity (is that example power is generally about 30 kilowatts with 50 kilograms of stoves) after returns redden fully this moment, changes over to can high-powerly send electricity to finish until fusing this moment melting period.It is can make the sufficient exhaust of returns and make C and O fully reacts the carrying out that is beneficial to the carbon deoxidation that small power is sent the purpose of electricity.Selecting 1530 ℃ ± 10 ℃ refining period for use, consider that from metallurgical power and thermodynamics refining time is unsuitable long, is that example was advisable in 10～13 minutes with 50 kilograms of stoves.Enter the cold of refining later stage after finishing refining period and put, this moment, vacuum pump worked on, and stopped to send electricity, made the alloy cooling until solidifying.After treating that alloy solidifies fully, send electricity to make the alloy refuse, just changed the pure metal calcium that clear moment adding has been divided into fine particle at alloy, being divided into several times adds, and each back raising power that adds stirs, and after stand-by calcium metal deoxidation finishes, changes pool period next time over to.After treating that metal solidifies fully, send electricity that alloy is melted fully, thermometric to 1380 ℃ ± 10 ℃, cast.All the time send electricity in the casting process, but power is unsuitable too high.Adopt this pureization smelting technology, the O of alloy, N content are reduced to below the 10ppm.
The invention has the beneficial effects as follows:
1, the present invention uses traditional MgO crucible, employing is different from the smelting process of general smelting superalloy and carries out pureization smelting, adopt pureization of the present invention smelting technology vacuum induction to smelt the superalloy returns, the O of superalloy returns, N content are reduced to below the 10ppm.
2, the present invention is applicable to that repeatedly to use back, O, N content higher, needs the needs of pureization of the nickel base superalloy smelting of reduction O, N content.
3, adopt the present invention to smelt the superalloy that obtains behind the superalloy returns, it can reach the level of virgin material fully.
4, the present invention purifies cast superalloy alloy returns by the smelting ultra-pure technology, utilize high pure, the high quality of superalloy returns such as K417 preparation, high performance superalloy mother alloy, to improve the utilization ratio, particularly strategic resource nickel and cobalt of resource.High-purity mother alloy technology of preparing that the present invention develops, the manufacturing that also can be aircraft engine provides high-quality superalloy mother alloy.
5, (publication number CN1786228A) compares with the Chinese invention patent application, characteristics of the present invention are to utilize 100% superalloy returns, after pureization smelting, O, N content reaches the virgin material level, and can be reduced to below the 10PPm, pureization smelting technology adopt twice freezing, for the first time freezing is when the concise phase finishes, purpose is denitrogenation, after the freezing remelting for the first time, adopt and take off element calcium by force as reductor, and the adding of calcium is to be divided into several times to add, and is all carrying out high-power (60～80 kilowatts) and stirred 30 seconds～1 minute after each the adding, makes the deoxidation products eliminating of fully floating, arrive the purpose of abundant deoxidation, for the second time freezing also is to utilize the consecutive solidification of alloy and get rid of the purpose that inclusion reaches degree of depth deoxidation denitrogenation.And Chinese invention patent application (publication number CN1786228A) reductor is selected for use is rare earth, and its twice freezing be for the alloying smelting of virgin material, the purpose of its returns smelting technology is and virgin material collocation remelting, is not to be that the level that reaches virgin material after 100% pureization of the superalloy returns smelting comes into operation again.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 is the smelting technology curve of superalloy returns of the present invention.
Embodiment
Refractory materials as vacuum metallurgy has a variety of, the CaO of called optical imaging, spinels refractory materials have lower vapour pressure, high basicity and good thermodynamic stability, but because large-scale crucible pulverizing problem can't thoroughly solve always, therefore a large amount of now large-scale vacuum inductive crucible of using still are magnesia crucibles.Therefore, it is the experiment crucible that the present invention selects magnesia crucible for use, cooperates correct pureization smelting technology, has obtained effect preferably, and returns O, N content after pureization smelting all will hang down below the 10ppm.
Below by embodiment and accompanying drawing in detail the present invention is described in detail.
Embodiment
As shown in Figure 1, the technical process of melting superalloy returns of the present invention is: charging → fusing early stage → melting period → refining period → the first pool period → final deoxygenation phase → the second pool period → cast, concrete operations are as follows:
(1) adding of returns: earlier crucible is cleaned out, 0.015% the deposit carbon that adds the returns weight ratio in crucible bottom, then the returns blade that removes ceramic core, in the adding crucible of nature, note not wanting artificial sign indicating number material, avoid because the bridge formation harm that artificial sign indicating number strip comes.
(2) fusing of alloy is in earlier stage: reinforced finishing, vacuumize, and small power was sent electricity (is that example power is generally about 30 kilowatts with 50 kilograms of stoves) when vacuum tightness to 3 handkerchief was following, reddened fully until the returns blade, slowly increased power again and sent.It is for the degassing (gas that adsorbs in the returns blade) fully that small power is sent electricity, and is implemented in good carbon deoxidation of melting period.(time of fusing experience in early stage decides on the capacity of vacuum induction furnace, is example with 50 kilograms of vacuum induction furnaces, is generally about 15 minutes)
(3) melting period: the returns in the crucible redden fully, and when molten steel appears in crucible bottom, strengthen under the situation of not advancing to spatter and send electric power, be generally 30～50 kilowatts, keep higher vacuum state simultaneously, in 3Pa, help fully carrying out of carbon deoxidation like this.
(4) refining period of alloy: after alloy melts fully, intensification makes the temperature of alloy liquid rise to 1530 ℃ and changes refining period over to, the vacuum tightness in refining period must be below 1Pa (promptly than fusing higher vacuum tightness in early stage), refining time was generally 15 minutes less than 500 kilograms vacuum induction furnace, and greater than 500 kilograms vacuum induction furnace can be suitable the prolongation refining time.Keeping high vacuum refining period is for the carbon deoxidation creates good conditions, and can make the removal of floating fully of oxide compound, nitride inclusion in the returns.Refining time should not longly be because there is a large amount of active elements to produce the content that is mingled with in the replacement(metathesis)reaction increase molten steel as, titanium, tantalum like long-time meeting and the magnesium oxide in the crucible of contacting with crucible in returns.
(5) first pool period: alloy has a power failure through after refining period, make alloy in the high vacuum state natural coagulation, purpose be the oxygen that makes the oxide compound, nitride and the free state that are dissolved in the alloy, nitrogen along with decrease of temperature under the situation that solubleness reduces, separate out and drain, the time of first pool period was generally behind the complete conjunctiva of the alloy in the crucible freezing again 15～30 minutes.
(6) the final deoxygenation phase: after for the first time freezing, send electricity to make alloy melting, the firm fusing fully of alloy is divided in the several times adding molten steel being processed into very little calcium metal in advance immediately, and after each the adding, all to improve power and stir molten steel the deoxidation products come-up is removed, the add-on of pure metal calcium generally accounts for returns weight percent 0.05～0.2%, its granularity is 5～10mm, adds indegree and is generally 3～6 times for good.
(7) second pool period: alloy has a power failure through behind the final deoxygenation, make alloy in the high vacuum state natural coagulation, purpose be the oxygen that makes the deoxidation products, nitride and the free state that are dissolved in the alloy, nitrogen along with decrease of temperature under the situation that solubleness reduces, separate out and drain, the time of second pool period was generally behind the complete conjunctiva of the alloy in the crucible freezing again 15～30 minutes.
(8) cast of alloy: through after for the second time freezing, charged cast when sending temperature to 1380 that electricity adjusts molten steel ℃.All the time send electricity in the casting process, but power is unsuitable too high, is generally 10～20 kilowatts.
Adopt the present invention to smelt cast superalloy returns K417, blades such as DZ125, DZ17G, capacity the results are shown in Table 1 below 10 kilograms to 200 kilograms all near 10ppm of O, N content.
O, N content experimental data that table 1. adopts pureization of superalloy returns smelting technology to handle
Table 2 adopts the high temperature tensile properties experimental data of the K417 superalloy returns of pureization smelting technology processing
Illustrate: once be meant the returns mother alloy one time, it is by virgin material K417 mother alloy mo(u)lded piece, it pours into a mould remaining rising head and the scrapped parts alloy pig that forms of melting system again, the secondary returns are poured into a mould part again with returns exactly, the mother alloy that remaining rising head running channel is smelted into again, by that analogy, refine the returns mother alloy the 4th time; Pureization smelting is meant, the mother alloy that forms with the 4th superalloy returns of pureization of returns smelting technology smelting.
Embodiment result shows, pureization of the present invention smelting technology can be smelted the superalloy returns in batches, realized the target of superalloy returns super low loadings of O, N after pureization smelting, and returns high warm nature index after pureization metallurgy has also reached the virgin material level, satisfies technical requirement fully.
Claims (2)
1, a kind of pureization smelting technology of superalloy returns is characterized in that: use traditional MgO crucible, carry out pureization smelting, the O of alloy, N content are reduced to below the 10ppm; Pureization smelting concrete steps are as follows:
(1) fusing early stage: 0.01～0.015% the C that accounts for the returns weight ratio is added crucible bottom in fusing early stage, and vacuumize until vacuum tightness below 3Pa, send, require small power to send this moment, power is 10～30 kilowatts, capacity on vacuum induction furnace is decided, and makes the sufficient exhaust of returns and makes C and O fully reacts the carrying out that is beneficial to the carbon deoxidation; After returns redden fully, change melting period over to, this moment, the high-power electricity that send finished until fusing;
(2) refining period: vacuumize until vacuum tightness below 1Pa, 1530 ℃ ± 10 ℃ of temperature, refining time is 10～20 minutes, decides on the capacity of vacuum induction furnace;
(3) first pool period: enter the cold of refining later stage after finishing refining period and put, this moment, vacuum pump worked on, and stopped to send electricity, made the alloy cooling until solidifying;
(4) the final deoxygenation phase: after treating that alloy solidifies fully, send electricity to make the alloy refuse, add pure metal calcium and carry out final deoxygenation;
(5) second pool period: alloy has a power failure through behind the final deoxygenation, make alloy in the high vacuum state natural coagulation, the oxygen, nitrogen that makes the deoxidation products, nitride and the free state that are dissolved in the alloy along with decrease of temperature under the situation that solubleness reduces, separate out and drain;
(6) cast of alloy: after treating that metal solidifies fully, send electricity that alloy is melted fully, thermometric to 1380 ℃ ± 10 ℃, charged cast.
2, according to the pureization smelting technology of the described superalloy returns of claim 1, it is characterized in that: the described final deoxygenation phase is just to have changed the pure metal calcium that clear moment adding has been divided into fine particle at alloy, being divided into several times adds, and each back raising power that adds stirs, the add-on of pure metal calcium accounts for 0.05～0.2% of returns weight percent, its granularity is 5～10mm, and adding indegree is 3～6 times.
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| CN2007101584202A CN101440436B (en) | 2007-11-21 | 2007-11-21 | Purified smelting technique for high-temperature superalloy |
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| CN101994020A (en) * | 2010-10-22 | 2011-03-30 | 沈阳黎明航空发动机(集团)有限责任公司 | Method for preparing K4169 alloy by using nickel-base cast high-temperature alloy K4169 returns |
| CN101717865B (en) * | 2009-11-27 | 2011-04-27 | 沈阳黎明航空发动机(集团)有限责任公司 | Method for melting nickel-base high-temperature return material K441alloy |
| CN101633974B (en) * | 2009-08-18 | 2012-04-04 | 武汉钢铁(集团)公司 | Smelting process of ultra low oxygen steel |
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| CN102965535A (en) * | 2012-11-15 | 2013-03-13 | 沈阳黎明航空发动机(集团)有限责任公司 | Method for preparing alloy K414 from return scraps of cast high-temperature alloy K414 |
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| US4195987A (en) * | 1975-12-29 | 1980-04-01 | Cabot Corporation | Weldable alloys |
| US4119458A (en) * | 1977-11-14 | 1978-10-10 | General Electric Company | Method of forming a superalloy |
| CN1158397C (en) * | 2001-11-21 | 2004-07-21 | 中国科学院金属研究所 | Process for vacuum induction smelting Ti-Al alloy |
| CN100387736C (en) * | 2005-12-22 | 2008-05-14 | 沈阳黎明航空发动机(集团)有限责任公司 | Vacuum smelting technology of hafnium containing nickel base casting high temperature alloy K488 reverse material alloy |
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