CN110408803B - Purification smelting method for nickel-based high-temperature alloy master alloy - Google Patents
Purification smelting method for nickel-based high-temperature alloy master alloy Download PDFInfo
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C1/00—Making non-ferrous alloys
- C22C1/02—Making non-ferrous alloys by melting
- C22C1/023—Alloys based on nickel
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C1/00—Making non-ferrous alloys
- C22C1/02—Making non-ferrous alloys by melting
- C22C1/03—Making non-ferrous alloys by melting using master alloys
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C19/00—Alloys based on nickel or cobalt
- C22C19/03—Alloys based on nickel or cobalt based on nickel
- C22C19/05—Alloys based on nickel or cobalt based on nickel with chromium
- C22C19/051—Alloys based on nickel or cobalt based on nickel with chromium and Mo or W
Abstract
The invention relates to a pure smelting method of an alloy, in particular to a pure smelting method for a nickel-based high-temperature alloy master alloy, and belongs to the technical field of metal smelting. The method completes the pure smelting of the master alloy through material distribution and alloy melting, primary refining, alloying and secondary refining, microalloying control and pouring. The method can effectively improve the purity of vacuum melting and improve element segregation, and the nickel-based high-temperature alloy prepared by the method has high purity, low segregation and higher quality than the nickel-based high-temperature alloy prepared by the prior art and the method, improves the quality of the nickel-based high-temperature alloy, and expands the application field. The nickel-based high-temperature alloy with different grades and brands smelted by the technology of the invention has good effect. The vacuum induction furnace with the furnace type of 250kg and 1.5 ton is adopted. Compared with the prior smelting and other technical methods, the purity and uniformity of the alloy are obviously improved.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to a pure smelting method of an alloy, in particular to a pure smelting method for a nickel-based high-temperature alloy master alloy, and belongs to the technical field of metal smelting.
Background
Harmful impurity elements such as oxygen, nitrogen, sulfur and the like have extremely bad harmful effects on the mechanical property, the process property, the high-temperature oxidation corrosion resistance and the like of metal materials, particularly nickel-based high-temperature alloys. Therefore, how to reduce the content of harmful impurity elements in the nickel-based superalloy is always the key direction of research and development of the nickel-based superalloy smelting technology. In the nickel-based high-temperature alloy, oxide and nitride inclusions formed by oxygen, nitrogen and other alloy elements can become crack initiation sources and rapid expansion channels, and the core mechanical properties such as durability, creep deformation, fatigue and the like are seriously reduced. And sulfur in the nickel-based high-temperature alloy sharply reduces the weldability of the alloy and simultaneously damages the high-temperature oxidation resistance, the corrosion resistance and the like of the alloy. The applicant finds that a Chinese patent application 201810338616.8 for purifying and smelting a nickel-based superalloy master alloy through search and discloses a method for smelting nickel-based superalloy by using a vacuum suspension technologyA method for warm alloying, which comprises the steps of generating alloy melt suspension and alkaline CeO-CeF by electromagnetic induction2The slag and the water-cooled copper crucible are combined to achieve the aim of the invention. However, the vacuum suspension technology is limited by electromagnetic force in the smelting process, so that an ideal suspension effect is difficult to form in large-tonnage (more than 250 kg) equipment, and a good purification effect cannot be generated, thereby limiting the application of the technology in the nickel-based high-temperature alloy industrialization. Therefore, in the field of nickel-based high-temperature alloy, although the technology has technical value, the social and economic values are relatively low. Another Chinese patent application 201810810928.4 discloses a method for purifying and smelting Ni-based directionally solidified cylindrical crystal and monocrystal superalloy master alloy. However, the technology has higher quality requirements on the raw and auxiliary materials, not only improves the cost of the raw and auxiliary materials in the application process of the technology, but also increases the control procedures and improves the potential economic risk, thereby limiting the application of the technology.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a vacuum induction purification smelting technology for a nickel-based high-temperature alloy master alloy, aiming at the defects of high cost, narrow application range and the like in the prior art. The technology is focused on improving the technology per se, furthest exerts the impurity removal level of vacuum induction melting, reduces the content of harmful impurity elements in the nickel-based high-temperature alloy, and improves the product quality.
The invention solves the technical problem by the following technical scheme: a purification smelting method for a nickel-based superalloy master alloy comprises the following steps:
firstly, material distribution and alloy melting, performing surface treatment on raw materials, sequentially distributing the materials from bottom to top in a crucible according to the sequence of the following elements of Ni, Fe, Co, Cr, Mo, C, Nb, Ta, W and Ni in the ingredients of the melted alloy, starting power transmission for melting when the vacuum degree is less than 8Pa and the pressure rise rate is less than or equal to 8Pa/min, and adding the raw materials containing Re and Ru ingredients into a molten down after a backing material is melted;
step two, primary refining, wherein after the raw materials in the step one are melted down, the temperature of the melt is controlled, a low-temperature refining stage is carried out, stirring is carried out in the refining process, the vacuum degree and the pressure rise rate are periodically detected, when the vacuum degree is less than or equal to 2Pa and the pressure rise rate is less than or equal to 2Pa/min for two consecutive times, the primary low-temperature refining is finished, the temperature of the melt is rapidly raised, primary high-temperature refining is carried out, electromagnetic stirring is carried out simultaneously, the stirring frequency is 330-360Hz, and after the continuous 15-25min, primary refining treatment is finished;
step three, alloying and secondary refining, wherein after the primary refining is finished, the power is cut off and the temperature is reduced until the raw materials are in a fast film forming state, the elements which are easy to oxidize/nitride Ti and Al are added according to the smelting components, the mixture is stirred for 15 to 30 minutes, after the mixture is melted down, the temperature of the melt is raised, the secondary high-temperature refining stage is carried out, and after the melting is continued for 15 to 30 minutes, the secondary high-temperature refining is finished; reducing the temperature, entering a secondary low-temperature refining stage, adding Ce and Mg elements, continuously stirring for 10-20 minutes, sampling and analyzing before the furnace for the first time when the vacuum degree is less than or equal to 5Pa and the continuous two-time pressure rise rate is less than or equal to 5Pa/min, and finishing secondary refining when the content of each element meets the requirement;
step four, microalloying control, adding Hf, B and Zr after secondary refining, stirring and stirring for 10-20 minutes, sampling and analyzing before the second furnace after melting down, and finishing microalloying when alloy components are met;
step five, casting, after micro-alloying, reducing the melt temperature to 1450-1470 ℃, adding Y, Ce and Mg elements after filling Ar gas, stirring for 5-15 minutes, adjusting the temperature to 1520-1550 ℃ for casting, and finishing the pure smelting of the master alloy.
In the first step of the above method, the raw material is treated to make the surface clean and show metallic luster, and dried at 100 ℃ for 20 hours.
Controlling the temperature of 1520-; rapidly heating to a high-temperature refining stage, controlling the temperature 1640-1660 ℃, and finishing one-time high-temperature refining when the vacuum degree is less than or equal to 1.3Pa and the continuous two-time pressure rise rate is less than or equal to 1.3 Pa/min.
And in the third step, the temperature is raised to 1570-. When the vacuum degree is less than or equal to 5Pa and the pressure rise rate of two continuous times is less than or equal to 5Pa/min, the secondary refining is finished.
In the fifth step, the melt temperature is reduced to 1450-1470 ℃, Y, Ce and Mg are added, wherein the total content of the added Ce and Mg is less than or equal to 0.1 wt%, and the Mg/Ce ratio is less than or equal to 3:7, and after stirring for 5-15 minutes, the temperature is adjusted to 1520-1550 ℃ to finish casting.
Vacuum induction melting is a key core process for preparing the nickel-based high-temperature alloy master alloy, has important influence on the control of harmful impurity elements in the alloy, and is a key process for controlling the content of harmful impurities. Harmful impurity elements in the nickel-based high-temperature alloy are removed as far as possible through vacuum induction melting, and the method has great significance for improving the quality of the nickel-based high-temperature alloy. The method of the invention comprises the following steps: 1) properly prolonging the melting time of the backing material and improving the degassing effect; 2) early low-temperature refining (primary low-temperature refining) promotes deep deoxidation of the bottom material and removes free nitrogen; 3) high-temperature refining (primary high-temperature refining) promotes the decomposition of nitride and non-metal impurities in the bottom material, and removes the non-metal impurities and compound nitrogen; 4) high-temperature refining (secondary high-temperature refining) is carried out after the Ti and the Al are added, the decomposition of nitrides is promoted, and the nitrogen content in the Ti and the Al is reduced; 5) adding Ce and Mg to perform secondary low-temperature refining, and performing main material mixed deoxidation, denitrification and primary desulfurization; the proper Ce/Mg ratio reduces the reaction strength and improves the control stability; 6) adding Ce and Mg before casting, and performing final deoxidation, denitrification and desulfurization; 7) different scientific judgment bases are adopted in the refining process, so that the content of harmful impurities such as gas, non (similar) metal inclusions and the like in the melt is effectively reduced, the purity of the alloy is obviously improved, and the loss rate of elements easy to burn and damage is effectively reduced; 8) the electromagnetic stirring technology with different frequencies accelerates the diffusion of gas elements in the melt, increases the degassing surface area of the melt, and improves the degassing and impurity removal efficiency; but also obviously improves the element segregation in the melt and the uniformity of the alloy. The invention has the beneficial effects that: the method can effectively improve the purity of vacuum melting and improve element segregation, and the nickel-based high-temperature alloy prepared by the method has high purity, low segregation and higher quality than the nickel-based high-temperature alloy prepared by the prior art and the method, improves the quality of the nickel-based high-temperature alloy, and expands the application field. The nickel-based high-temperature alloy with different grades and brands smelted by the technology of the invention has good effect. The vacuum induction furnace with the furnace type of 250kg and 1.5 ton is adopted. Compared with the prior smelting and other technical methods, the purity and uniformity of the alloy are obviously improved.
Detailed Description
In the following first and second embodiments, a 250 kg-grade vacuum induction furnace is adopted for pure smelting; in the third embodiment, 1.5 ton vacuum induction furnace is adopted for pure purification smelting.
Example one
This example prepares a second generation of nickel-based single crystal superalloys Ren N5 according to the following steps:
step 1, material distribution and alloy melting:
the raw material was subjected to relevant treatments to make its surface clean, to exhibit metallic luster, and to drying at 100 ℃ for 20 hours. According to the composition of the Ren N5 single crystal alloy, the raw materials of 30 percent of Ni, 100 percent of Co, 100 percent of Cr, 100 percent of Mo, 30 percent of C, 100 percent of Ta, 100 percent of W and 30 percent of Ni are sequentially distributed in the crucible from bottom to top.
When the pressure rise rate is less than 0.13Pa/min and the vacuum degree is less than 1.3Pa, the electric melting is started. In the initial stage, a step-shaped power increasing mode (the frequency is 30-50kW/10min until the rated power is melted) is adopted, and in the melting process, the rest Ni and C are added. After the bottom material is melted, adding Re to be melted down. The whole melting process takes about 70-90 min.
Step 2, primary refining treatment:
after the bottom material is melted down, controlling the temperature to be 1540 +/-10 ℃, carrying out a low-temperature refining stage, wherein the electromagnetic stirring frequency is 280-290Hz, and periodically detecting the vacuum, the temperature and the pressure rise rate. When the vacuum degree is less than or equal to 1.3Pa and the pressure rise rate of two continuous times is less than or equal to 1.3Pa/min, the low-temperature refining is finished. Rapidly heating to 1650 +/-10 ℃, and carrying out high-temperature refining, wherein the electromagnetic stirring frequency is 350-360Hz, and after the duration is 15-20min, finishing the primary refining treatment.
Step 3, alloying and secondary refining:
cutting off power, cooling to form a film, adding Ti, stirring for 2min, adding Al, and stirring for 3-5min to melt. Heating to 1590 +/-10 ℃, carrying out high-temperature refining, cooling to 1480 +/-10 ℃ after electromagnetic stirring for 15-20 minutes, adding Ce and Mg, carrying out 310-320Hz electromagnetic stirring, and finishing secondary refining when the vacuum degree is less than or equal to 5Pa, the continuous twice pressure rise rate is less than or equal to 5Pa/min, and the sampling analysis in front of the furnace is qualified.
Step 4, microalloying control
And after secondary refining, adding Hf and B, and stirring for 12-15min until the mixture is melted down. And after the sampling before the furnace is carried out again and the analysis is qualified, the microalloying control is finished.
And step 5, pouring:
after microalloying, filling Ar to 10-12kPa, adding Y, Mg and Ce, stirring for 5-6min, adjusting the temperature to 1540 +/-10 ℃ and casting.
Example two
This example produces a directional nickel-base superalloy DZ125 according to the following steps:
step 1, material distribution and alloy melting:
the raw material was subjected to relevant treatments to make its surface clean, to exhibit metallic luster, and to drying at 100 ℃ for 20 hours. According to the oriented DZ125 alloy components, the raw materials of 30% of Ni, 100% of Co, 100% of Cr, 100% of Mo, 35% of C, 100% of Ta, 100% of W and 30% of Ni are sequentially distributed from bottom to top in the crucible.
When the pressure rise rate is less than 0.13pa/min and the vacuum degree is less than 2pa, the electric transmission melting is started. In the initial stage, a step-shaped power increasing mode (the frequency is 30-50kW/10min until the rated power is melted) is adopted, and in the melting process, the rest Ni and C are added. The entire melting process takes about 110-.
Step 2, primary refining treatment:
after the bottom material is melted down, controlling the temperature to 1560 +/-10 ℃, carrying out a low-temperature refining stage, wherein the electromagnetic stirring frequency is 280-290Hz, and periodically detecting the vacuum, the temperature and the pressure rise rate. When the vacuum degree is less than or equal to 1.3Pa and the pressure rise rate of two continuous times is less than or equal to 2Pa/min, the low-temperature refining is finished. Rapidly heating to 1650 +/-10 ℃, and carrying out high-temperature refining, wherein the electromagnetic stirring frequency is 350-360Hz, and after lasting for 10-15min, finishing the primary refining treatment.
Step 3, alloying and secondary refining:
cutting off power, cooling to form a film, adding Ti, stirring for 2min, adding Al, and stirring for 3-5min to melt. Heating to 1600 +/-10 ℃, carrying out high-temperature refining, after electromagnetically stirring for 15-20 minutes, cooling to 1490 +/-10 ℃, adding Ce and Mg, electromagnetically stirring at 310-320Hz, and finishing secondary refining when the vacuum degree is less than or equal to 5Pa, the continuous twice pressure rise rate is less than or equal to 5Pa/min, and the sampling analysis in front of the furnace is qualified.
Step 4, microalloying control
After secondary refining, adding Zr and B, and stirring for 10-12min until the molten metal is clear. And after the sampling before the furnace is carried out again and the analysis is qualified, the microalloying control is finished.
And step 5, pouring:
after microalloying, filling Ar to 10-12kPa, adding Mg and Ce, stirring for 5-8min, melting, and adjusting the temperature to 1540 +/-10 ℃ for casting.
EXAMPLE III
This example prepares an equiaxed nickel-base superalloy IN718 according to the following steps:
step 1, material distribution and alloy melting:
the raw material was subjected to relevant treatments to make its surface clean, to exhibit metallic luster, and to drying at 100 ℃ for 17 hours. According to the IN718 alloy components, the materials of 25% of Ni, 100% of Fe, 100% of Cr, 100% of Nb, 100% of Mo, 40% of C and 40% of Ni are sequentially distributed IN the crucible from bottom to top.
When the pressure rise rate is less than 0.13pa/min and the vacuum degree is less than 4pa, the electric transmission melting is started. In the initial stage, a step-shaped power increasing mode (the frequency is 30-50kW/10min until the rated power is melted) is adopted, and in the melting process, the rest Ni and C are added. The entire melting process takes about 120-.
Step 2, primary refining treatment:
after the bottom material is melted down, controlling the temperature at 1550 +/-10 ℃, carrying out a low-temperature refining stage, wherein the electromagnetic stirring frequency is 280-290Hz, and periodically detecting the vacuum, the temperature and the pressure rise rate. When the vacuum degree is less than or equal to 2Pa and the pressure rise rate of two continuous times is less than or equal to 2Pa/min, the low-temperature refining is finished. Rapidly heating to 1620 +/-10 ℃, and carrying out high-temperature refining, wherein the electromagnetic stirring frequency is 350-360Hz, and after the duration is 20-25min, finishing one-time refining treatment.
Step 3, alloying and secondary refining:
cutting off power, cooling to form a film, adding Ti, stirring for 3min, adding Al, and stirring for 2-4min to melt. Heating to 1590 +/-10 ℃, carrying out high-temperature refining, cooling to 1480 +/-10 ℃ after electromagnetic stirring for 10-15 minutes, adding Ce and Mg, carrying out 310-320Hz electromagnetic stirring, and finishing secondary refining when the vacuum degree is less than or equal to 5Pa, the continuous twice pressure rise rate is less than or equal to 5Pa/min, and the sampling analysis in front of the furnace is qualified.
Step 4, microalloying control
After secondary refining, adding Zr and B, and stirring for 10-12min until the molten metal is clear. And after the sampling before the furnace is carried out again and the analysis is qualified, the microalloying control is finished.
And step 5, pouring:
after microalloying, filling Ar to 9-10kPa, adding Mg and Ce, stirring for 6-8min, melting, and adjusting the temperature to 1470 +/-10 ℃ for casting.
The impurity content in the nickel-based superalloy prepared by the technology of the invention is detected, and the result is listed in table 1:
TABLE 1
The result shows that the content of harmful impurities in the nickel-based high-temperature alloy prepared by smelting by the technology is obviously reduced, while the content of O in the nickel-based single crystal high-temperature alloy prepared by the prior art and the method is 4-10ppm, the content of N is 10-15ppm, the content of S is less than or equal to 5ppm, and the total amount of trace elements is about 180 ppm. Therefore, compared with the nickel-based high-temperature alloy prepared by the prior art and the method, the high-temperature alloy smelting technology provided by the invention has the advantage that the purity of the nickel-based high-temperature alloy is obviously improved. The invention can be applied to 250kg and 1.5 ton industrial vacuum induction furnaces. The invention has short smelting process, low energy consumption, high tonnage, strong homogenization, low impurity content in the alloy melt, stable smelting process, easy control and suitability for industrial application. The invention relates to a vacuum induction melting technology, has no over-high requirements on raw materials and auxiliary materials, has low application cost and stable and controllable process, thereby improving the application range of the technology and fully embodying higher technical value and economic value of the invention.
In addition to the above, other embodiments of the present invention are possible. All technical solutions formed by adopting equivalent substitutions or equivalent transformations fall within the protection scope of the claims of the present invention.
Claims (10)
1. A purification smelting method for a nickel-based superalloy master alloy comprises the following steps:
firstly, material distribution and alloy melting, performing surface treatment on raw materials, sequentially distributing the materials from bottom to top in a crucible according to the sequence of the following elements of Ni, Fe, Co, Cr, Mo, C, Nb, Ta, W and Ni in the ingredients of the melted alloy, starting power transmission for melting when the vacuum degree is less than 8Pa and the pressure rise rate is less than or equal to 8Pa/min, and adding the raw materials containing Re and Ru ingredients into a molten down after a backing material is melted;
step two, primary refining, wherein after the raw materials in the step one are melted down, the temperature of the melt is controlled, a low-temperature refining stage is carried out, stirring is carried out in the refining process, the vacuum degree and the pressure rise rate are periodically detected, when the vacuum degree is less than or equal to 2Pa and the pressure rise rate is less than or equal to 2Pa/min for two consecutive times, the primary low-temperature refining is finished, the temperature of the melt is rapidly raised, primary high-temperature refining is carried out, electromagnetic stirring is carried out simultaneously, the stirring frequency is 330-360Hz, and after the continuous 15-25min, primary refining treatment is finished;
step three, alloying and secondary refining, wherein after the primary refining is finished, the power is cut off and the temperature is reduced until the raw materials are in a fast film forming state, the elements which are easy to oxidize/nitride Ti and Al are added according to the smelting components, the mixture is stirred for 15 to 30 minutes, after the mixture is melted down, the temperature of the melt is raised, the secondary high-temperature refining stage is carried out, and after the melting is continued for 10 to 20 minutes, the secondary high-temperature refining is finished; reducing the temperature, entering a secondary low-temperature refining stage, adding Ce and Mg when the vacuum degree is less than or equal to 5Pa and the pressure rise rate of two continuous times is less than or equal to 5Pa/min, continuously stirring, sampling and analyzing before the furnace for the first time, and finishing secondary refining when the content of each element meets the requirement;
step four, microalloying control, adding Hf, B and Zr after secondary refining is finished, stirring for 10-20 minutes, sampling and analyzing before the second furnace after melting down, and finishing microalloying when alloy components are met;
and step five, after pouring and microalloying, reducing the temperature of the melt, filling Ar gas, adding Y, Ce and Mg elements, stirring, adjusting the temperature, and pouring to finish the pure smelting of the master alloy.
2. The pure smelting process for a nickel-base superalloy master alloy as claimed in claim 1, wherein: in the first step, the raw material is treated to make the surface clean and show metallic luster, and is dried for 20 hours at 100 ℃.
3. The pure smelting process for a nickel-base superalloy master alloy as claimed in claim 1, wherein: and in the second step, the temperature is controlled to 1520-.
4. The pure smelting process for a nickel-base superalloy master alloy as claimed in claim 3, wherein: when the vacuum degree is less than or equal to 2Pa and the pressure rise rate of two continuous times is less than or equal to 2Pa/min, finishing one-time low-temperature refining; when the vacuum degree is less than or equal to 1.3Pa and the two continuous pressure rise rates are less than or equal to 1.3Pa/min, the high-temperature refining is finished once.
5. The pure smelting process for a nickel-base superalloy master alloy as claimed in claim 1, wherein: in the third step, the raw materials are in a fast film forming state, the vacuum degree is less than or equal to 2Pa, and when the two continuous pressure rise rates are less than or equal to 2Pa/min, the elements Ti and Al which are easy to oxidize/nitride are added.
6. The pure smelting process for a nickel-base superalloy master alloy as claimed in claim 1, wherein: the temperature of the secondary high-temperature refining stage in the third step is raised to 1570-.
7. The pure smelting process for a nickel-base superalloy master alloy as claimed in claim 1, wherein: in the fourth step, after the secondary refining is finished, the temperature is controlled to 1490-1520 ℃, Hf, B and Zr elements are added, and the stirring is carried out for 10-20 minutes.
8. The pure smelting process for a nickel-base superalloy master alloy as claimed in claim 6, wherein: the total content of the added Ce and Mg is less than or equal to 0.1wt.%, and the ratio of Ce/Mg is less than or equal to 2: 8.
9. The pure smelting process for a nickel-base superalloy master alloy as claimed in claim 6, wherein: when the vacuum degree is less than or equal to 5Pa and the pressure rise rate of two continuous times is less than or equal to 5Pa/min, the secondary refining is finished.
10. The pure smelting process for a nickel-base superalloy master alloy as claimed in claim 1, wherein: in the fifth step, the melt temperature is reduced to 1450-1470 ℃, Y, Ce and Mg are added after Ar gas is filled, wherein the total content of Ce and Mg is less than or equal to 0.1 wt%, and Mg/Ce is less than or equal to 3:7, the mixture is stirred for 5-15 minutes, the temperature is adjusted to 1520-1550 ℃, and the casting is completed.
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| WO2017166962A1 (en) * | 2016-03-30 | 2017-10-05 | 山东瑞泰新材料科技有限公司 | Melting process for nickel-based alloy containing aluminum, titanium, boron, and zirconium |
| CN106222460A (en) * | 2016-08-30 | 2016-12-14 | 西部超导材料科技股份有限公司 | A kind of nickel base superalloy vacuum induction melting method |
| CN106636707A (en) * | 2016-12-29 | 2017-05-10 | 西部超导材料科技股份有限公司 | Nickel-base high-temperature alloy GH4720Li smelting technique |
| CN106868345A (en) * | 2017-03-01 | 2017-06-20 | 江苏隆达超合金航材有限公司 | A kind of vacuum induction melting technique that N element content in nickel base superalloy is greatly reduced |
| CN107190158A (en) * | 2017-05-19 | 2017-09-22 | 江苏隆达超合金航材有限公司 | Reduce the vacuum induction melting technique of O, N, S content in nickel base superalloy |
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