CN116806585A - Experimental method for exploring field planting growth of salt-biogas plants under combined action of wave tide - Google Patents
Experimental method for exploring field planting growth of salt-biogas plants under combined action of wave tide Download PDFInfo
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- 238000002474 experimental method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 79
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- 238000003973 irrigation Methods 0.000 claims description 3
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- 238000011282 treatment Methods 0.000 description 37
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- 230000001276 controlling effect Effects 0.000 description 4
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G9/00—Cultivation in receptacles, forcing-frames or greenhouses; Edging for beds, lawn or the like
- A01G9/02—Receptacles, e.g. flower-pots or boxes; Glasses for cultivating flowers
- A01G9/029—Receptacles for seedlings
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01C—PLANTING; SOWING; FERTILISING
- A01C1/00—Apparatus, or methods of use thereof, for testing or treating seed, roots, or the like, prior to sowing or planting
- A01C1/02—Germinating apparatus; Determining germination capacity of seeds or the like
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01C—PLANTING; SOWING; FERTILISING
- A01C1/00—Apparatus, or methods of use thereof, for testing or treating seed, roots, or the like, prior to sowing or planting
- A01C1/04—Arranging seed on carriers, e.g. on tapes, on cords ; Carrier compositions
- A01C1/044—Sheets, multiple sheets or mats
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G22/00—Cultivation of specific crops or plants not otherwise provided for
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G7/00—Botany in general
- A01G7/06—Treatment of growing trees or plants, e.g. for preventing decay of wood, for tingeing flowers or wood, for prolonging the life of plants
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Abstract
The invention discloses an experimental method for exploring the field planting growth of a salt-biogas plant under the combined action of wave and tide, which comprises the following steps: step one, collecting salt biogas plant seeds and sediments; step two, building an experimental device, and placing the experimental device in a temperature control system; the experimental device can simulate different wave conditions, tide conditions and deposition conditions; step three, seed germination is carried out, and seedlings are transplanted into an experimental device; setting hydrodynamic equipment in a salt marsh plant seed sampling area, and measuring on-site wave and tide data; setting different experimental groups and control groups according to the combination parameters and experimental requirements obtained in the step four, simulating natural conditions of constant growth of the salt-marsh plants, and exploring the response of the salt-marsh plants to the field planting and growth; and step six, carrying out index measurement and data analysis on experimental salt marsh plant field planting growth ecological parameters. The invention provides a certain theoretical basis and technical support for ecological restoration of the salt marsh wetland.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of plant field planting growth, in particular to an experimental method for exploring salt biogas plant field planting growth under the combined action of wave tide.
Background
The salt marsh wetland is an ecological transition zone at the sea-land juncture, has higher biological productivity and ecological diversity, and has the functions of conserving water sources, regulating climate, improving environment, degrading pollution, purifying water quality, maintaining regional ecological balance and the like. However, as the population grows, the economic development increases, the sea level rises, the salt marsh wetland is rapidly degenerating, and the protection of the salt marsh wetland system is urgent. Salt-tolerant vegetation grows on the salt marsh wetland, and the vegetation is the most important component part of the wetland, and can exert the ecological function of the wetland to the greatest extent through various modes such as habitat maintenance, wave reduction, soil fixation, moisture preservation, blue carbon fixation and the like. Therefore, the restoration of the salt-marsh vegetation becomes a serious issue for the ecological restoration work of the salt-marsh wetland. In the salt marsh wetland system, the dynamic conditions are complex, and the field planting growth of salt marsh plants is severely affected by the salt marsh plants. Therefore, the research on the influence of the wave tide combined action on the field planting growth of the salt-marsh plants has great significance on the repair work of the salt-marsh vegetation.
The current experimental device for plant field planting growth basically only focuses on plants per se, but omits changeable hydrodynamic force and other environmental conditions when the plant field planting occurs in the field. For example, application number: 202111449012.9 plant cloning takes place in the culture room, provides moisture, illumination, but the cloning of plant only takes place the cloning growth of salt marsh plant after the field planting of seedling. Therefore, whether the seedlings of the salt-marsh plants can be planted or not is a key link. The existing experimental device cannot simulate hydrodynamic conditions under the combined action of field waves and tides.
Furthermore, application number: 20221057326.9 study on the growth strategy of the loose-leaf type cloned plants and the rhizome expansion test device and method, a certain adversity stress experiment is carried out, but the adversity stress such as drought, saline-alkali and the like is focused, and the disturbance of complex hydrodynamic conditions on field actual environment on field planting of seedlings is not considered.
Therefore, the existing experimental method for exploring the field planting growth of the salt-marsh plants under the combined action of wave tide has great defects, and is difficult to be used for quantifying the ecological parameters of the salt-marsh plants in changeable tidal flat environments.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to: the invention provides an experimental method for exploring the field planting growth of salt-marsh plants under the combined action of wave tide, which changes different wave conditions and tide conditions by field sampling and explores the influence of the hydrodynamic force comprehensive action on the field planting growth of the salt-marsh plants.
The technical scheme is as follows: an experimental method for exploring the field planting growth of salt marsh plants under the combined action of wave tide comprises the following steps:
step one, collecting salt biogas plant seeds and sediments;
step two, building an experimental device, and placing the experimental device in a temperature control system; the experimental device can simulate different wave conditions, tide conditions and deposition conditions in a tidal flat environment in which salt-marsh plants grow;
step three, seed germination is carried out, and seedlings are transplanted into an experimental device;
setting hydrodynamic equipment in a salt marsh plant seed sampling area, measuring on-site wave and tide data, and obtaining wave and tide combination parameters under different working conditions;
setting different experimental groups and control groups according to the combination parameters and experimental requirements obtained in the step four, and exploring the response of the fixed planting growth of the salt-biogas plant by controlling the wave conditions, the tide conditions and the deposition conditions and simulating the natural conditions of the fixed-value growth of the salt-biogas plant;
and step six, carrying out index measurement and data analysis on experimental salt marsh plant field planting growth ecological parameters.
Further, the method for collecting the salt marsh plant seeds and the sediment in the first step comprises the following steps: collecting seeds at different places and at different time according to the type of the salt marsh plants, and air-drying the collected seeds and then refrigerating and storing the seeds; and meanwhile, collecting sediment in the depth range of the surface plant root system in the area where the seeds are located, and sieving the sediment to remove the root system.
Further, the experimental device comprises an upper experimental water tank and a lower water tank;
the experiment water tank is a rectangular water tank and is divided into a biological wave band, an experiment section and a cutting wave band along the length direction of the experiment water tank; a wave generator is arranged in the experiment water tank and is arranged at the front end of the wave generation band; the bottom of the experimental section is a rectangular groove, and the rectangular groove is a salt biogas plant planting area; the rear end of the clipping section is provided with a broken stone dike, and the broken stone dike is covered with a wave-eliminating net; an illumination control panel is arranged above the experiment water tank, and a light supplementing lamp panel is arranged on the control panel;
the water tank is communicated with the experiment water tank through a water inlet pipe and a water outlet pipe; the water tank supplies water to the experiment water tank through the water suction pump; the water outlet pipe is provided with a drainage pump, and the experiment water tank discharges the water of the experiment water tank into the water tank through the drainage pump.
Further, the wave generator comprises a wave generator plate, a piston rod and a motor, wherein the wave generator plate is parallel to the side wall of the water tank at the front end of the wave generation band, the front end of the piston rod is connected with the motor, the rear end of the piston rod is fixedly connected with the front side surface of the wave generator plate, and the motor drives the wave generator plate to reciprocate back and forth.
Further, in the second step:
the experimental device is integrally arranged in a temperature control system, and the temperature control system can adjust the required temperature according to experimental requirements; the motor of the wave generator, the light supplementing lamp panel, the drainage pump and the water suction pump are all electrically connected with the control terminal; the control terminal can control the power of the motor in real time, so as to control the reciprocating motion of the piston rod, and simulate various wave conditions; the control terminal can control the light supplementing time and the light supplementing intensity of the light supplementing lamp panel, so as to simulate different sunshine duration and intensity; the control terminal can control the flow of the water suction pump and the flow of the water discharge pump in real time, and then control the water exchange between the experiment water tank and the experiment water tank, so as to obtain different tide conditions.
Further, the third step, seed germination and seedling transplantation are specifically as follows;
1) Determining seed germination time according to growing seasons of the salt-marsh plants, temporarily not injecting water into an experiment water tank during germination, placing a container paved with filter paper in a rectangular groove of an experiment section, paving the seeds on the filter paper, spraying water to keep moist every day, setting the working time of a light supplementing lamp, and adjusting the temperature of a temperature control system until the seeds germinate;
2) Uniformly paving the collected sediment in an experiment frame, wherein the experiment frame is a rectangular PVC frame with upper and lower openings; a polyethylene bag with holes is arranged at the bottom of the experimental frame;
placing the whole experimental frame with the sediment in a closed soaking condition for two weeks, and then taking out; placing the taken experiment frame for a week to deposit sediment, and irrigating the experiment water body suitable for the growth of salt marsh plants twice a day during simulating half daily tide inundation time; compacting the sediment from the top of the experimental frame after irrigation, and filling the missing part into the sediment in time;
3) Transplanting seedlings, namely selecting seedlings with intact seed coats to be transplanted into sediments below 1cm of the ground surface in an experimental frame; and then arranging the experimental frame in the rectangular groove of the experimental section.
Further, in the fifth step, the step of,
the obtained combined parameters of waves and tides under different working conditions are input into a control terminal, and the experimental device is controlled by the control terminal to simulate the actual wave, tide conditions and deposition conditions in the field;
the wave condition is controlled in the following way; inputting parameters to a control terminal, and adjusting the movement frequency, movement amplitude and movement duration of the piston rod; the height of the wave is controlled by the height of the wave-making plate; the tidal conditions are controlled in the following ways: inputting parameters to a control terminal, and adjusting the flow and the working time of the drainage pump and the water pump; the control mode of the deposition condition is as follows: and (3) manually adding standby sediment in a salt biogas plant sample collection area, and controlling the deposition conditions by changing the frequency, the number and the times of sediment addition.
Further, the index measurement and data analysis in the step six specifically includes:
after the experiment is finished, common parameters are measured; the parameters include: salt marsh seedling survival rate, growth speed, plant density, plant height, plaque size, plant flexibility, tillering step length and aboveground and underground biomass distribution; and (5) fitting each parameter measured by statistical analysis with the ecological parameters of the field planting growth of different salt-biogas plants.
The beneficial effects are that:
1) The experimental device disclosed by the invention can not only ensure that the salt-pond plants are in a natural tidal flat environment, but also simulate the influence of field actual hydrodynamic conditions on the salt-pond plants, and has the characteristics of stronger controllability and reducibility, low cost, high efficiency, convenience in operation and the like.
2) The invention can control hydrodynamic conditions on the premise of ensuring that the salt marsh plants are in a natural tidal flat environment, explores the response of the salt marsh plants to field planting and growth, and provides a certain theoretical basis and technical support for ecological restoration of the salt marsh wetland. If the survival rate of the artificially cultured seedlings in the simulated environment of the device is over 50% in 7 weeks, the artificially cultured seedlings can be used for ecological restoration of the salt marsh wetland.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of an experimental device for field planting and growing of salt-biogas plants under the combined action of wave and tide;
FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of a wave maker according to the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of an experimental frame of the present invention;
fig. 4 shows a graph of survival rate change of salt-biogas seedlings during 7-week experimental period:
FIG. 5 shows a plant height variation graph of salt-biogas seedlings during an experimental period of 7 weeks.
Wherein, the experiment water tank 1; a water tank 2; a water outlet pipe 3; a water inlet pipe 4; a drain pump 5; a water pump 6; a raw band 7; experiment section 8; cutting a band 9; a wave plate 10; crushed stone dikes 11; a wave-eliminating net 12; a rectangular groove 13; seedling 14; a control terminal 15; a control panel 16; a light supplementing lamp panel 17; a piston rod 19; a motor 20; an experiment frame 21; a polyethylene bag 22; a low water level 23; high water level 24.
Detailed Description
The following describes the technical scheme of the present invention in detail through the accompanying drawings, but the protection scope of the present invention is not limited to the embodiments.
The invention provides an experimental method for exploring the field planting growth of salt-marsh plants under the combined action of wave and tide, which is explained by a specific example, taking the spartina alterniflora of Chongming island at the Yangtze river as an example, and exploring the experimental method for simulating the field planting growth of salt-marsh plants under the action of wave and tide in an implementation laboratory.
An experimental method for exploring the field planting growth of a salt marsh plant under the combined action of wave tide is characterized by comprising the following steps:
step one: collecting salt biogas plant seeds and sediments;
collecting spartina alterniflora seeds in Chongming island for 11 months, air-drying the collected seeds, and storing in a refrigerator at 4 ℃ for one winter. And meanwhile, collecting surface sediment in the area where the seeds are located, and sieving the sediment to remove root systems.
Step two, building an experimental device, and placing the experimental device in a temperature control system; the experimental device can simulate different wave conditions, tide conditions and deposition conditions;
the experimental device is shown in fig. 1, in order to simulate the high-low tide flooding environment of salt marsh plants at the front edge of a tidal flat, a high water level and a low water level are respectively 30cm and 5cm, wherein:
1) The experiment water tank 1 is a rectangular water tank, and the experiment water tank 1 is divided into a biological wave band 7, an experiment section 8 and a clipping section 9 along the length direction; a wave generator is arranged in the experiment water tank 1 and is arranged at the front end of the wave generation band 7; the bottom of the experimental section 8 is provided with a rectangular groove 13, the rectangular groove 13 is a salt marsh plant planting area, and the specific size of the rectangular groove is determined according to the root system depth of the salt marsh plant (generally within 30 cm); the rear end of the clipping section 9 is provided with a broken stone dike 11, and the broken stone dike 11 is covered with a wave-eliminating net 12;
2) The wave generator comprises a wave generator plate 10, a piston rod 19 and a motor 20, wherein the wave generator plate 11 is arranged in parallel with the side wall of a water tank at the front end of the wave generation section 7, the front end of the piston rod 19 is connected with the motor 20, the rear end of the piston rod 19 is fixedly connected with the front side surface of the wave generator plate 11, and the motor 20 drives the wave generator plate 10 to reciprocate back and forth; the motor 20 is electrically connected with the control terminal 15, and the control terminal 15 can control the motor power in real time, so as to control the reciprocating motion of the piston rod 19, so as to simulate different wave conditions.
3) An illumination control panel 16 is arranged above the experiment water tank, and a light supplementing lamp panel 17 is arranged on the control panel; the light supplementing lamp panel 17 is electrically connected with the control terminal 15, and the control terminal 15 can control the light supplementing time and the light supplementing intensity so as to simulate different sunshine duration and intensity.
4) The experiment water tank 1 is communicated with the water tank 2 through a water inlet pipe 4 and a water outlet pipe 3; a water suction pump 6 is arranged on the water inlet pipe 4, and the water tank 2 supplies water to the experiment water tank 1 through the water suction pump 6; a drainage pump 5 is arranged on the water outlet pipe 3, and the experiment water tank 1 discharges the water of the experiment water tank into the water tank 2 through the drainage pump 5; the drainage pump 5 and the water suction pump 6 are electrically connected with the control terminal 15, and the control terminal 15 can control the flow of the drainage pump 5 and the water suction pump 6 in real time, so as to control the water body exchange between the experiment water tank and the experiment water tank, and further obtain different tide conditions;
5) The experimental apparatus is integrally placed in a temperature control system 18, and the temperature control system 18 can adjust the required temperature according to experimental requirements.
In the embodiment, the specific dimension of the experiment water tank 1 is 25m long, 1.2m wide and 0.6m deep; the specific size of the rectangular groove at the bottom of the experimental section 8 is 25cm long, 50cm wide and 30cm deep; the water tank 2 is full of experimental water, and the specific water body type is brackish water with the salinity of 15 per mill; during the tide rising simulation, the water tank 2 supplies water to the experiment water tank 1 through the water suction pump 6 and the water inlet pipe 4, and during the tide falling simulation, the experiment water tank 1 discharges the water of the experiment water tank into the water tank 2 through the water discharge pump 5 and the water outlet pipe 3.
Step three: seed germination and seedling transplantation;
1) In the season of 4 months of spartina alterniflora seed activity, a container full of seeds and provided with filter paper is placed in a rectangular groove at the bottom of a water tank in an experimental section 8, water is not injected into the water tank temporarily during germination, the seeds are spread on the filter paper and sprayed with water daily to keep moist, a temperature regulating system 18 is set at 25 ℃, a light supplementing lamp panel 17 is set to work for 12 hours daily, and the working efficiency is 550 mu mol/m-2s-1 photosynthetic effective radiation until the seeds germinate.
2) Simultaneously processing sediment, uniformly paving the sediment obtained by collection in an experiment frame 21, wherein the experiment frame 21 is a rectangular PVC frame with upper and lower openings, and allowing plant root systems to grow; the bottom of the experimental frame 21 was provided with a perforated polyethylene bag 22 allowing drainage without losing sediment.
The whole experimental frame 21 was taken out after being placed under a closed water-immersed condition for two weeks to remove the influence of the large benthonic animals. The test frame 21 was then placed for one week to deposit sediment, during which time the sediment was filled with water having a salinity of 15.82ppt, and the sediment was filled in time from the top of the test frame 21 after the irrigation by compacting the sediment and missing parts.
3) And then transplanting the seedling 14, namely, taking the seeds with visible germs as the seedlings, selecting the seeds with intact seed coats for transplanting, avoiding the damage of the seed coats in the transplanting process, and transplanting the seeds into sediment 1cm below the ground surface in the experimental frame 21. The test frame 21 is then placed in a rectangular recess of the test section of the test trough 1.
Setting hydrodynamic equipment in a salt marsh plant seed sampling area, measuring on-site wave and tide data, and obtaining wave and tide combination parameters under different working conditions;
and the combined parameters are input into a control terminal, and the experimental device is controlled by the control terminal to simulate the actual wave and tide conditions in the field.
Measuring waves in the field: the average effective wave height at the observation point is about 0.06m, the seedling growing area is more land-oriented than the observation point, and meanwhile, the wave reduction effect of the seedling growing area on waves is smaller, so that the waves in the area can be considered to be approximately 0.05m.
Tidal data observations: the flooding duration was about 3 hours out of 12 hours.
Step five: setting different experimental groups and control groups according to the combination parameters and experimental requirements obtained in the step four, and exploring the response of the fixed planting growth of the salt-biogas plant by controlling the wave conditions, the tide conditions and the deposition conditions and simulating the natural conditions of the fixed-value growth of the salt-biogas plant;
the wave condition is controlled in the following way; inputting parameters to a control terminal, and adjusting the movement frequency, movement amplitude and movement duration of the piston rod; the height of the wave is controlled by the height of the wave-making plate;
the tidal conditions are controlled in the following ways: inputting parameters to a control terminal, and adjusting the flow and the working time of the drainage pump and the water pump;
the height of the wave is determined by the stroke of the wave-making plate, calculated according to the following reference formula:
H＝2Pe(sh(kd))/(kd+sh(kd)ch(kd))
wherein H is the wave height of the wave plate output, pe is the stroke of the wave plate, k is the wave number, which can be obtained through iteration of dispersion relation, and d represents the water depth.
The period of the wave is directly determined by the frequency of motion of the wave-making plate.
The control mode of the deposition condition is as follows: and (3) manually adding standby sediment in a salt biogas plant sample collection area, and controlling the deposition conditions by changing the frequency, the number and the times of sediment addition.
In order to simulate natural conditions of field planting growth of salt-marsh plants, four groups of treated experimental frames 21 with transplanted seedlings are submerged by tide for 3h/12h, and the flooding depth is set to be 30cm. Four control groups are set up for times, and for eliminating errors, repetition is set up for different groups. The detailed operation is as follows:
I. control group: no wave and deposition treatments.
Wave treatment group: according to the conventional continuous wave conditions under the actual measurement natural flooding conditions, adjusting the frequency of the piston rod wave platform 10 to 0.38Hz;
through experimental measurement, the dragging effect of the device when the flooding water depth is 30cm is comparable with the conventional stormy waves on the tidal flat. Carrying out a wave plate height gradient experiment to obtain that the wave heights generated when the wave plate is 0.27m high and 0.29cm high are 4.1cm and 5.7cm respectively;
in order to simulate different wave conditions, the invention adopts the heights of two wave-making plates of 0.27m and 0.29 m.
The reciprocating movement of the piston rod 19 driving the wave plate is only performed during the flooding phase, controlled by the control terminal 15.
Group iii deposition treatment: the deposition and accumulation are carried out by adopting standby deposition in the same sampling area, and in order to shorten the experiment time, the deposition and accumulation rate treatment is slightly larger than that of a natural salt marsh coverage area. The deposition process was performed every two weeks and two gradients were set at 2cm/2 and 4cm/2weeks, respectively. The base was carefully covered with 2cm, 4cm deposits when treated every two weeks.
Wave and deposition treatment group: the wave treatment (II) and the deposition treatment (III) are carried out simultaneously, and two types of weak wave (0.27 m wave-making plate) deposition treatment and strong wave (0.29 m wave-making plate) deposition treatment are arranged. The treatment method is the same as above;
in the embodiment, only the influence of a control group and a wave treatment group with the wave plate frequency of 0.38Hz on the field planting of the salt-pond seedlings is set. The experimental conditions are specifically shown in table 1:
table 1, detailed experimental Condition list
And step six, carrying out index measurement and data analysis on experimental salt marsh plant field planting growth ecological parameters.
The experimental period was 7 weeks, the survival state of seedlings was recorded every week, and the plant height of the salt-marsh seedlings was measured, and the results were shown in fig. 4 to 5.
Fig. 4 is a graph showing the change of survival rate of salt-marsh seedlings in 7-week experimental period, wherein I-IV 02 are respectively treated in different groups: control group I, wave treatment group II01 wave treatment group II02, deposition treatment group III01, deposition treatment group III02, wave and deposition treatment group IV01, wave and deposition treatment group IV02. As shown in fig. 4, the survival rate of seedlings in control group I reached 100% in 7 weeks, while the different intensity wave treatment, deposition treatment, and wave and deposition treatment all had a limiting effect on the survival of salt seedlings, and the survival rates of salt seedlings in the wave treatment group II01, wave treatment group II02, deposition treatment group III01, deposition treatment group III02, wave and deposition treatment group IV01, wave and deposition treatment group IV02 were 50%, 67%, 41%, 25%, 16%, respectively, at the end of 7 weeks of the experiment.
Fig. 5 is a graph showing plant height change of salt-marsh seedlings in 7 weeks of experimental period, and as shown in fig. 5, the salt-marsh seedlings have highest plant height in a control group I, and the average plant height is 27.05±3.61cm, and compared with the control group, the wave treatment, the deposition treatment, and the wave and deposition treatment all significantly inhibit growth of salt-marsh seedlings, and the plant heights of the salt-marsh seedlings in a wave treatment group II01, a wave treatment group II02, a deposition treatment group III01, a deposition treatment group III02, a wave and deposition treatment group IV01, and a wave and deposition treatment group IV02 are 20.76±1.55cm, 17.70±2.41cm, 19.11±0.84cm,16.82±1.85cm,13.73±1.65cm, and 12.34±0.67cm, respectively.
And under the condition of no disturbance in the indoor experiment, the survival rate of the artificially cultured seedlings exceeds 50% in 7 weeks, and the artificially cultured seedlings are considered to be applicable to the repair of the salt marsh wetland. However, after the disturbance of wave and deposition is added to the seedlings, the survival rate of partial sub-seedlings is not more than 50%, and the survival rate of deposition on the seedlings is larger, so that when the seedlings are applied in the field, the amount of the incoming sand in the region needs to be paid attention to the coverage of the seedlings in the growing season of the seedlings, and therefore, some measures can be taken to achieve the purpose of intercepting the deposition. The survival of seedlings is also affected by the waves, so that certain measures can be taken to achieve the effect of eliminating the waves.
Experimental results show that wave treatment, sedimentation treatment and combined action of waves and sedimentation obviously inhibit field planting and growth of salt-pond plant seedlings, the survival rate of the salt-pond seedlings exceeds 50% only under weak sedimentation interference, and wave disturbance and sedimentation disturbance on experimental tidal flat are main factors for limiting field planting of the salt-pond plant seedlings, so that in ecological restoration practice of salt-pond plants, the interference of wave power and sedimentation disturbance should be avoided as much as possible, and if tidal flat environments are generally strong, the area with weak sedimentation disturbance should be selected as much as possible so as to ensure the survival rate of field planting of the salt-pond plant seedlings.
The previous description of the disclosed embodiments is provided to enable any person skilled in the art to make or use the present invention. Various modifications to the embodiments of the invention will be readily apparent to those skilled in the art, and the generic principles defined herein may be applied to other embodiments without departing from the spirit or scope of the invention. Thus, the present invention is not intended to be limited to the embodiments shown herein but is to be accorded the widest scope consistent with the principles and novel features disclosed herein.
Claims (8)
1. An experimental method for exploring the field planting growth of a salt marsh plant under the combined action of wave and tide is characterized by comprising the following steps:
step one, collecting salt biogas plant seeds and sediments;
step two, building an experimental device, and placing the experimental device in a temperature control system; the experimental device can simulate different wave conditions, tide conditions and deposition conditions in a tidal flat environment in which salt-marsh plants grow;
step three, seed germination is carried out, and seedlings are transplanted into an experimental device;
setting hydrodynamic equipment in a salt marsh plant seed sampling area, measuring on-site wave and tide data, and obtaining wave and tide combination parameters under different working conditions;
setting different experimental groups and control groups according to the combination parameters and experimental requirements obtained in the step four, and exploring the response of the fixed planting growth of the salt-biogas plant by controlling the wave conditions, the tide conditions and the deposition conditions and simulating the natural conditions of the fixed-value growth of the salt-biogas plant;
and step six, carrying out index measurement and data analysis on experimental salt marsh plant field planting growth ecological parameters.
2. The experimental method for exploring the field planting growth of the salt-pond plants under the combined action of wave and tide as set forth in claim 1, wherein the method for collecting the salt-pond plant seeds and the sediment in the first step is as follows: collecting seeds at different places and at different time according to the type of the salt marsh plants, and air-drying the collected seeds and then refrigerating and storing the seeds; and meanwhile, collecting sediment in the depth range of the surface plant root system in the area where the seeds are located, and sieving the sediment to remove the root system.
3. The experimental method for exploring the field planting growth of the salt-biogas plant under the combined action of wave and tide as set forth in claim 1, wherein the experimental device comprises an upper experimental water tank and a lower water tank;
the experiment water tank is a rectangular water tank and is divided into a biological wave band, an experiment section and a cutting wave band along the length direction of the experiment water tank; a wave generator is arranged in the experiment water tank and is arranged at the front end of the wave generation band; the bottom of the experimental section is a rectangular groove, and the rectangular groove is a salt biogas plant planting area; the rear end of the clipping section is provided with a broken stone dike, and the broken stone dike is covered with a wave-eliminating net; an illumination control panel is arranged above the experiment water tank, and a light supplementing lamp panel is arranged on the control panel;
the water tank is communicated with the experiment water tank through a water inlet pipe and a water outlet pipe; the water tank supplies water to the experiment water tank through the water suction pump; the water outlet pipe is provided with a drainage pump, and the experiment water tank discharges the water of the experiment water tank into the water tank through the drainage pump.
4. The experimental method for exploring the field planting growth of the salt-biogas plant under the combined action of wave and tide according to claim 3, wherein the wave generator comprises a wave generating plate, a piston rod and a motor, the wave generating plate is arranged in parallel with the side wall of a water tank at the front end of a wave generating band, the front end of the piston rod is connected with the motor, the rear end of the piston rod is fixedly connected with the front side surface of the wave generating plate, and the motor drives the wave generating plate to reciprocate back and forth.
5. The experimental method for exploring the field planting growth of the salt-biogas plant under the combined action of wave and tide according to claim 4, wherein in the second step:
the experimental device is integrally arranged in a temperature control system, and the temperature control system can adjust the required temperature according to experimental requirements; the motor of the wave generator, the light supplementing lamp panel, the drainage pump and the water suction pump are all electrically connected with the control terminal; the control terminal can control the power of the motor in real time, so as to control the reciprocating motion of the piston rod, and simulate various wave conditions; the control terminal can control the light supplementing time and the light supplementing intensity of the light supplementing lamp panel, so as to simulate different sunshine duration and intensity; the control terminal can control the flow of the water suction pump and the flow of the water discharge pump in real time, and then control the water exchange between the experiment water tank and the experiment water tank, so as to obtain different tide conditions.
6. The experimental method for exploring the field planting growth of a salt-biogas plant under the combined action of wave and tide as set forth in claim 5, wherein the third step comprises the steps of seed germination and seedling transplantation;
1) Determining seed germination time according to growing seasons of the salt-marsh plants, temporarily not injecting water into an experiment water tank during germination, placing a container paved with filter paper in a rectangular groove of an experiment section, paving the seeds on the filter paper, spraying water to keep moist every day, setting the working time of a light supplementing lamp, and adjusting the temperature of a temperature control system until the seeds germinate;
2) Uniformly paving the collected sediment in an experiment frame, wherein the experiment frame is a rectangular PVC frame with upper and lower openings; a polyethylene bag with holes is arranged at the bottom of the experimental frame;
placing the whole experimental frame with the sediment in a closed soaking condition for two weeks, and then taking out; placing the taken experiment frame for a week to deposit sediment, and irrigating the experiment water body suitable for the growth of salt marsh plants twice a day during simulating half daily tide inundation time; compacting the sediment from the top of the experimental frame after irrigation, and filling the missing part into the sediment in time;
3) Transplanting seedlings, namely selecting seedlings with intact seed coats to be transplanted into sediments below 1cm of the ground surface in an experimental frame; and then arranging the experimental frame in the rectangular groove of the experimental section.
7. The experimental method for the stationary planting and growing of salt-marsh plants under the combined action of wave and tide as set forth in claim 6, wherein in the fifth step,
the obtained combined parameters of waves and tides under different working conditions are input into a control terminal, and the experimental device is controlled by the control terminal to simulate the actual wave, tide conditions and deposition conditions in the field;
the wave condition is controlled in the following way; inputting parameters to a control terminal, and adjusting the movement frequency, movement amplitude and movement duration of the piston rod; the height of the wave is controlled by the height of the wave-making plate; the tidal conditions are controlled in the following ways: inputting parameters to a control terminal, and adjusting the flow and the working time of the drainage pump and the water pump; the control mode of the deposition condition is as follows: and (3) manually adding standby sediment in a salt biogas plant sample collection area, and controlling the deposition conditions by changing the frequency, the number and the times of sediment addition.
8. The experimental method for exploring the field planting growth of a salt-marsh plant under the combined action of wave and tide as set forth in claim 1, wherein the index measurement and data analysis in the step six are specifically as follows:
after the experiment is finished, common parameters are measured; the parameters include: salt marsh seedling survival rate, growth speed, plant density, plant height, plaque size, plant flexibility, tillering step length and aboveground and underground biomass distribution; and (5) fitting each parameter measured by statistical analysis with the ecological parameters of the field planting growth of different salt-biogas plants.
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