CN116783321A - 表面质量和电阻点焊性优异的镀锌钢板及其制造方法 - Google Patents

表面质量和电阻点焊性优异的镀锌钢板及其制造方法 Download PDF

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CN116783321A
CN116783321A CN202180087037.0A CN202180087037A CN116783321A CN 116783321 A CN116783321 A CN 116783321A CN 202180087037 A CN202180087037 A CN 202180087037A CN 116783321 A CN116783321 A CN 116783321A
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steel sheet
less
hot
dip galvanized
layer
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Inventor
姜己哲
金龙珠
金泰徹
金明守
金钟常
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Posco Holdings Inc
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Posco Co Ltd
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Publication of CN116783321A publication Critical patent/CN116783321A/zh
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    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
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    • B32BLAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B15/00Layered products comprising a layer of metal
    • B32B15/01Layered products comprising a layer of metal all layers being exclusively metallic
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Abstract

本发明涉及一种表面质量和点焊性优异的高强度热浸镀锌钢板及其制造方法。根据本发明的一个方面,热浸镀锌钢板可以包括:基础钢板;以及热浸镀锌层,形成在所述基础钢板的表面上,以面积比计,可以在所述基础钢板和热浸镀锌层之间形成60%以上的比例的由Fe‑Al合金组成的抑制层。

Description

表面质量和电阻点焊性优异的镀锌钢板及其制造方法
技术领域
本发明涉及一种表面质量和点焊性优异的高强度热浸镀锌钢板及其制造方法。
背景技术
由于环境污染等的问题,对汽车排气和燃油效率的管制日渐加强。因此,通过汽车钢板的轻量化来减少燃料消耗量的需求正在增加,因此开发并上市了每单位厚度的强度高的各种高强度钢板。
高强度钢通常是指具有490MPa以上的强度的钢,但并不一定限于此,相变诱导塑性(Transformation Inducced Plasticity,TRIP)钢、孪晶诱导塑性(Twin InducedPlasticity,TWIP)钢、双相(Dual Phase,DP)钢、复相(Complex Phase,CP)钢等可以属于高强度钢。
另一方面,为了确保耐蚀性,汽车钢材以在表面进行镀覆的镀覆钢板的形式供应,其中镀锌钢板(GI),高耐蚀镀覆钢板(ZM)或合金化镀锌钢板(GA)通过利用锌的牺牲防腐蚀特性而具有高耐蚀性,因此广泛用作汽车用材料。
但是,对高强度钢板的表面进行镀锌时,存在点焊性变差的问题。即,高强度钢的情况下,拉伸强度高的同时屈服强度也高,因此难以通过塑性变形消除在焊接过程中产生的拉伸应力,因此在表面产生微细裂纹的可能性高。对高强度镀锌钢板进行焊接时,熔点低的锌渗透到钢板的微细裂纹中,其结果发生称为液态金属致脆(Liquid MetalEmbrittlement,LME)的现象,导致在疲劳环境中钢板破坏,这极大地阻碍钢板的高强度化。
发明内容
要解决的技术问题
根据本发明的一个方面,提供一种表面质量和点焊性优异的高强度热浸镀锌钢板及其制造方法。
本发明的技术问题并不限于上述内容。本发明所属技术领域的技术人员基于本发明的说明书全文可以容易地理解本发明的附加技术问题。
技术方案
根据本发明的一个方面的热浸镀锌钢板包括:基础钢板;以及热浸镀锌层,形成在所述基础钢板的表面上,以面积比计,可以在所述基础钢板和热浸镀锌层之间形成60%以上的比例的由Fe-Al合金组成的抑制层。
根据本发明的另一个方面的制造热浸镀锌钢板的方法包括以下步骤:提供钢坯;将所述板坯再加热至950-1300℃的温度;将再加热的所述板坯以900-1150℃的精轧起始温度和850-1050℃的精轧终止温度进行热轧以获得钢板;在590-750℃的温度范围内,将所述钢板进行收卷;将所述钢板以180-250米/分钟(mpm)的板通过速度进行酸洗;将所述钢板以35-60%的压下率进行冷轧;在均热区温度和露点温度分别为650-900℃和-10℃至+30℃且作为气氛气体包含5-10体积%的H2的湿氮条件下,将冷轧的所述钢板进行加热并进行再结晶退火;以及在420-500℃的引入温度范围内,将所述钢板浸入熔融镀浴中以进行热浸镀。
有益效果
如上所述,本发明通过在热浸镀锌层和基础钢板之间形成均匀且面积宽的抑制层,从而可以在焊接时抑制熔融的镀层渗透到微细裂纹,而无需单独的进一步的手段,因此具有可以提高焊接性的效果。
附图说明
图1是观察在本发明的一个具体实施方案中获得的热浸镀锌钢板的抑制层的表面的电子显微镜的照片。
最佳实施方式
在此使用的专业术语仅用于描述特定实施方案,并不意在限定本发明。除非在上下文中表示出明显相反的含义,否则在此使用的单数形式还包括复数形式。
说明书中使用的“包含”或“包括”的含义用于具体说明特定特性、区域、整数、步骤、操作、要素和/或成分,并且不排除其它特定特性、区域、整数、步骤、操作、要素、成分和/或组的存在或添加。
除非另有定义,否则在此使用的包括技术术语和科学术语在内的所有术语具有与本领域技术人员通常理解的含义相同的含义。通常使用的词典中定义的术语进一步解释为符合相关技术文献和目前公开的内容的含义,除非另有定义,否则并不解释为理想的或非常正式的含义。
以下,通过本发明人的研究完成的根据本发明的一个方面的镀覆质量优异的高强度热浸镀锌钢板进行详细的说明。在本发明中,需要注意的是,在表示各元素的含量时,除非另有特别说明,否则指重量%。此外,除非另有特别说明,否则晶体或组织的比例以面积为基准,并且除非另有特别说明,气体的含量以体积为基准。
本发明的发明人着眼于焊接时发生的液态金属致脆(LME)是熔融的镀层渗透到基础钢板的微细裂纹而发生的,并且发现即使在基础钢板上存在微细裂纹,阻断镀液在熔融的状态下与基础钢板接触的机会,或者即使被阻断,当阻碍渗透到微细裂纹的内部时,可以显著抑制液态金属致脆,从而完成了本发明。
即,本发明的一个方面的目的是通过控制高强度钢的热浸镀锌钢板中形成的Fe-Al界面合金层(也称为抑制层)的形态和分布来抑制液态金属致脆。Fe-Al界面合金层的熔点比热浸镀锌层高,并且通过焊接热浸镀锌钢板被加热时,进一步使镀层合金化,因此通过提高镀层的熔点和粘度,阻断镀液以熔融的状态与基础钢板接触的机会,或者即使接触,由于显著降低的流动性(高粘度),可以抑制镀液渗透到微细裂纹。
通常,热浸镀锌时由于加热的基础钢板和熔融锌镀浴之间产生的扩散反应,可以形成一定程度的抑制层(InhibitionLayer,IL)。但是,由于高强度钢所需的高Mn和/或Si含量,在表面上可能难以发生扩散,而且由于形成的抑制层的特性,抑制层难以均匀地形成在整个界面中。
鉴于这一点,本发明的发明人如图1所示适当地控制热浸镀锌层和基础钢板之间的抑制层的形状,并限制未形成抑制层的部分的分布,从而尽可能抑制焊接时发生液态金属致脆。以下对本发明的优选的抑制层条件进行详细的说明。
抑制层的比例:60面积%以上
以面积分数计,当形成小于60%的抑制层时,难以阻断熔融的镀层与基础钢板接触。因此,在本发明的一个具体实施方案中,需要将抑制层的比例限制为60%以上。此外,为了提高如上所述的抑制层带来的抑制发生液态金属致脆的效果,在本发明的一个具体实施方案中,所述抑制层的比例可以为70%以上,在本发明的另一个具体实施方案中,所述抑制层的比例可以设为80%以上。抑制层的比例越宽越有利,因此其比例的上限没有特别限制。但是,考虑到下述的抑制层的形态,抑制层的比例的上限可以设为95%或90%。
抑制层的形态
在本发明中,抑制层不是简单地大面积分布,而且可以具有如图1所示的颗粒形状。此时,可能难以看出颗粒和颗粒之间完全分离,因此可能难以限制颗粒的尺寸等。但是,在附图中,沿一个方向画一条直线时,可以将与颗粒重叠的线段的长度设为颗粒的宽度。在本发明中,将如上所述的颗粒的宽度的平均值限制为4μm以下。通过形成如上所述的微细的颗粒,即使在相同的抑制层的面积分数下,颗粒和颗粒之间稠密地连接,从而可以防止熔融的镀层与基础钢板接触。特别地,如上所述的颗粒不仅可以形成为单层,也可以形成为多层,此时,颗粒的平均宽度越小,熔融的镀层必须通过窄且复杂的路径流入基础钢板侧,因此与基础钢板的接触就越困难。颗粒的宽度的平均值越小越有利,因此无需必须限制其下限,但如本发明人确认的那样,颗粒的宽度的平均值的下限可以为0.5μm。在本发明的另一个具体实施方案中,所述颗粒的宽度的平均值的下限还可以为1.0μm。当颗粒的尺寸小于下限时,合金化抑制层和镀层之间的界面粗糙度低,无法产生充分的机械结合力,因此可能会发生脱落。
未形成抑制层的部分的形状
由于抑制层未完全覆盖基础钢板的表面,可能存在未形成抑制层的部分。但是,即使未形成抑制层的部分的占有率相同,液态金属致脆现象发生的形态也可能因其分散形态而不同。即,当抑制层未形成部微细地分散时,由于在周围存在的抑制层,熔融的镀层可能难以流入基础钢板,但当形成少量的大尺寸的抑制层未形成部时,难以阻断熔融的镀层的引入。因此,在本发明的一个具体实施方案中,将未形成所述抑制层的部分(抑制层未形成部)的平均当量圆直径限制为15μm以下。通过限制抑制层未形成部的平均尺寸,可以有效地阻断熔融的金属的引入,因此在本发明的另一个具体实施方案中,可以将所述抑制层未形成部的平均尺寸(当量圆直径)限制为10μm以下,在另一个具体实施方案中,可以将所述抑制层未形成部的平均当量圆直径限制为7μm以下。此外,仅通过限制抑制层未形成部的平均尺寸,难以完全抑制形成大型的未形成部,因此在本发明的一个具体实施方案中,可以将当量圆直径为20μm以上的抑制层未形成部限制为1个以下,在另一个具体实施方案中,可以将当量圆直径为15μm以上的抑制层未形成部限制为1个以下,在另一个具体实施方案中,可以将当量圆直径为10μm以上的抑制层未形成部的数量限制为2个以下。当存在大量的尺寸大的抑制层未形成部时,抑制层和锌镀层之间的机械结合力不充分,因此可能会发生镀覆脱落,并且点焊时液态锌的可接触基材铁的区域增加,因此液态致脆裂纹可能会发达。
在本发明中,通过如下方法分析抑制层。首先,对于热浸镀锌的钢板的表面,用重铬酸溶液(CrO3+HNO3+ZnSO4+H2O)溶解非合金化的镀层(通常由eta相的Zn组成,但并不必须限于此),通过将获得的表面进行中和和洗涤并进行清洁,从而在表面上仅暴露抑制层。之后,为了分析抑制层的占有率(面积比),在利用EPMA以500倍的倍率分析Al分布的照片中,将具有Al的最大浓度(CPS测量的值)的10%以上的浓度(CPS)的区域视为存在Al抑制层的区域,并且可以将其面积比作为抑制层的占有率。类似地,不存在抑制层的部分的形状也可以通过相同的方法获得。
此外,抑制层颗粒的宽度可以通过以下方法获得:当在相同的倍率的SEM照片中画线时,将线和抑制层重叠的区间视为抑制层的一个宽度,并且获得这些宽度的平均。
在本发明的一个具体实施方案中,所述抑制层的形状和占有率和抑制层未形成部的形状等可以利用在钢板的宽度方向的中心部中获得的值。但是,不一定限于该位置,例如宽度方向的边缘部的点焊性成为问题的情况较多,因此还可以利用宽度方向的边缘部中获得的值。其中,宽度方向的边缘部是指将钢板沿宽度方向切割的截面的两端点,但当试片的完整性存在问题时,例如在上述位置发生污染等,可以是指从端点到沿宽度方向向内1mm处的位置。
本发明中作为对象的钢板只要是强度为780MPa以上的高强度钢板,则对其种类不作限制。但是,以重量比计,本发明中作为对象的钢板可以具有包含C:0.05-1.5%、Si:2.0%以下、Mn:1.0-10%、酸溶铝(S-Al):3%以下、Cr:2.5%以下、Mo:1%以下、B:0.005%以下、Nb:0.2%以下、Ti:0.2%以下、V:0.2%以下、Sb+Sn+Bi:0.1%以下和N:0.01%以下的组成,但并不一定限于此。其余成分是铁和其它杂质,除此之外,不排除以总计1.0%以下的范围进一步包含未在上面列出但可以包含在钢中的元素。除非另有特别说明,否则本发明中各成分元素的含量是以重量为基准表示。上述组成是指钢板的块体(bulk)组成,即,是指钢板厚度的1/4位置处的组成(以下,相同)。
但是,在本发明的一些具体实施方案中,作为所述高强度钢板,可以将TRIP钢、DP钢和CP钢等作为对象。各钢可以具有如下组成。
钢组成1:包含C:0.05-0.30%(优选为0.10-0.25%)、Si:0.5-2.5%(优选为1.0-1.8%)、Mn:1.5-4.0%(优选为2.0-3.0%)、S-Al:1.0%以下、Cr:2.0%以下(优选为1.0%以下)、Mo:0.2%以下(优选为0.1%以下)、B:0.005%以下(优选为0.004%以下)、Nb:0.1%以下(优选为0.05%以下)、Ti:0.1%以下(优选为0.001-0.05%)、Sb+Sn+Bi:0.05%以下、N:0.01%以下、余量的Fe和不可避免的杂质。根据情况,可以以总计1.0%以下的范围进一步包含未在上面列出但可以包含在钢中的元素。
虽然不一定限于此,但作为所述钢组成1的钢可以列举TRIP钢或XF钢,并且可以分别具有900MPa以上的拉伸强度。
钢组成2:包含C:0.05-0.30%(优选为0.10-0.2%)、Si:0.5%以下(优选为0.3%以下)、Mn:4.0-10.0%(优选为5.0-9.0%)、S-Al:0.05%以下(优选为0.001-0.04%)、Cr:2.0%以下(优选为1.0%以下)、Mo:0.5%以下(优选为0.1-0.35%)、B:0.005%以下(优选为0.004%以下)、Nb:0.1%以下(优选为0.05%以下)、Ti:0.15%以下(优选为0.001-0.1%)、Sb+Sn+Bi:0.05%以下、N:0.01%以下、余量的Fe和不可避免的杂质。根据情况,可以以总计1.0%以下的范围进一步包含未在上面列出但可以包含在钢中的元素。
虽然不一定限于此,作为所述钢组成2的钢,可以列举TRIP钢和XF等,并且可以具有1000MPa以上的拉伸强度。
根据本发明的一个具体实施方案,所述钢板的表面上可以包括一层以上的镀层,所述镀层可以是包含镀锌(Galvanized,GI)或锌镁(Zinc-Magnesium,ZM)等的锌基镀层。在本发明中,如上所述适当地控制表层部的氧浓度,因此即使形成在锌基镀层钢板的表面上,也可以抑制点焊时发生的液态金属脆化的问题。
此外,所述锌系镀层的镀覆附着量可以为30-70g/m2。当镀覆附着量过小时,难以获得充分的耐蚀性,另一方面,当镀覆附着量过大时,可能会发生制造成本增加和液态金属致脆的问题,因此将镀覆附着量控制在上述范围内。更优选的镀覆附着量的范围可以为40-60g/m2
以下,对制造本发明的钢板的一个具体实施方案进行说明。但是,需要注意的是,本发明的钢板并不一定通过下述具体实施方案来制造,下述具体实施方案是制造本发明的钢板的一个优选的方法。
首先,可以通过以下过程制造热轧钢板:将具有上述组成的钢坯进行再加热,经过粗轧和精轧来进行热轧,然后经过输出辊道(Run Out Table,ROT)冷却后进行收卷。对ROT冷却等热轧条件不作特别限制,但在本发明的一个具体实施方案中,可以如下限制板坯再加热温度、精轧起始温度、精轧终止温度和收卷温度。
板坯再加热温度:950-1300℃
板坯的再加热是为了通过在热轧之前对材料进行加热来确保轧制性而进行的。在板坯的再加热过程中,板坯表层部与炉内氧结合而形成作为氧化物的氧化皮。当加热温度足够高时,由于与下述工艺的相互作用,可以将钢板表层部和内部氧化物的组成控制在适当的范围内。但是,当加热温度过高时,晶粒过度生长,钢板的材质可能会变差,因此将板坯再加热至上述温度范围。
精轧起始温度:900-1150℃
当精轧起始温度过高时,表面热轧氧化皮过度发达,最终产品的氧化皮引起的表面缺陷的发生量可能会增加,因此将精轧起始温度的上限限制在1150℃。此外,当精轧起始温度低于900℃时,由于温度的降低,棒材的刚性增加,从而热轧性可能会大幅降低,因此可以将精轧起始温度限制为上述范围。
精轧终止温度:850-1050℃
当精轧终止温度超过1050℃时,在精轧过程中通过去氧化皮去除的氧化皮会再次在表面上过度形成,导致表面缺陷的发生量增加,当精轧终止温度低于850℃时,热轧性降低,因此精轧终止温度可以限制为上述范围。
收卷温度:590-750℃
经热轧的钢板将会被收卷为卷板的形态来储存,收卷的钢板经过缓慢冷却的过程。通过如上所述的过程去除钢板表层部中包含的氧化性元素,当热轧钢板的收卷温度过低时,卷板在低于去除这些氧化性元素的所需温度的温度下被缓慢冷却,因此难以获得充分的效果。此外,当收卷温度过高时,可能难以确保钢板的拉伸强度等材质,并且由于热轧内部氧化过度发达,镀覆粘附性等镀覆质量可能会变差。
热轧卷板边缘部的加热:在600-800℃下进行5-24小时
在本发明的一个具体实施方案中,为了提高边缘部的表层部的氧化物的Mn/Si值的平均值并降低钢板的内部深度为100nm以上的内部氧化物的Mn/Si值的平均值,可以将热轧卷板边缘部进行加热。热轧卷板边缘部的加热是指对收卷的卷板的宽度方向的两侧端部即边缘部进行加热,通过加热边缘部,首先将边缘部加热至适于氧化的温度。即,收卷的卷板的内部保持在高温,但边缘部相对迅速地被冷却,由此边缘部保持在适于内部氧化的温度的时间比较短。因此,与宽度方向的中心部相比,边缘部中的氧化性元素的去除不活跃。边缘部的加热可以用作去除边缘部的氧化性元素的一种方法。
即,对边缘部进行加热时,与收卷后冷却的情况相反,边缘部先被加热,由此宽度方向的边缘部的温度保持在适于内部氧化的温度,其结果边缘部的内部氧化层的厚度会增加。为此,所述边缘部的加热温度需要为600℃以上(以钢板边缘部的温度为基准)。但是,当温度过高时,钢板的拉伸强度降低,加热过程中在边缘部形成过多的氧化皮,或者形成多孔的高氧化的氧化皮(三氧化二铁(hematite)),酸洗后表面状态可能会变差,因此所述边缘部的加热温度可以为800℃以下。边缘部的加热温度更优选为600-750℃。根据本发明的一个具体实施方案,所述边缘部的加热可以通过在热处理炉中进行。
此外,为了消除收卷时发生的宽度方向的边缘部和中心部之间的表层部的氧化物的Mn/Si值的平均值和钢板的内部的深度为100nm以上的内部氧化物的Mn/Si值的平均值的不均匀,所述边缘部的加热时间需要5小时以上。但是,当边缘部的加热时间过长时,钢板的拉伸强度降低,形成过多的氧化皮,或者反而边缘部的钢板表层部氧化物的Mn/Si值的平均值变得过高,或者钢板内部氧化物的Mn/Si值的平均值可能会变得过低。因此,边缘部的加热时间可以为24小时以下。
根据本发明的一个具体实施方案,所述边缘部的加热可以通过调节空燃比的燃烧加热方式来实现。即,可以通过调节空燃比来改变气氛中的氧分数,当氧分压高时,产生过多的高氧化性的三氧化二铁(Fe2O3)和作为界面氧化物的铁橄榄石(Fayalite)(Fe2SiO4),并且镀覆表面质量可能会变差,并当氧分压低时,变得不利于确保适当的加热温度。并不一定限于此,但在本发明的一个具体实施方案中,可以通过调节空燃比而控制为包含1-2%的氧的氮气氛。本发明所属技术领域的普通技术人员可以容易地通过调节空燃比来控制氧分数,因此对其不进行单独的说明。
酸洗处理:以180-250米/分钟的板通过速度进行
将经过上述过程的热轧钢板加入盐酸浴中进行酸洗处理以去除热轧氧化皮。酸洗时的盐酸浴的盐酸浓度为10-30体积%范围,酸洗的板通过速度为180-250米/分钟。当酸洗速度超过250米/分钟时,热轧钢板表面的氧化皮(scale)可能无法完全被去除,当酸洗速度低于180米/分钟时,基材铁表层部可能会被盐酸腐蚀,因此在180米/分钟以上的板通过速度下进行。
冷轧:压下率为35-60%
在进行酸洗后进行冷轧。冷轧时的冷轧压下率为35-60%的范围。当冷轧压下率小于35%时,虽然没有特别的问题,但由于退火时再结晶驱动力不足,可能难以充分控制微细组织。当冷轧压下率超过60%时,难以具有退火后的适当的表层部的氧化物的Mn/Si值的平均值和钢板的内部的深度为100nm以上的内部氧化物的Mn/Si值的平均值。
在上述冷轧过程之后,后续可以进行对钢板进行退火的过程。钢板的退火过程中,钢板表层部的氧化物的Mn/Si值的平均值和钢板的内部的深度为100nm以上的内部氧化物的Mn/Si值的平均值可能会大幅改变,因此在本发明的一个具体实施方案中,可以在适当地控制表层部的氧化物的Mn/Si值的平均值和钢板的内部的深度为100nm以上的内部氧化物的Mn/Si值的平均值的条件下控制退火工艺,其中,板通过速度和退火炉内的露点可以以如下的条件进行控制。
板通过速度:40-130米/分钟
为了确保充分的生产性,所述冷轧钢板的板通过速度需要为40米/分钟以上。然而,当板通过速度过快时,在确保材质方面可能不利,因此在本发明的一个具体实施方案中可以将所述板通过速度的上限设置为130米/分钟。
退火炉的均热区温度和露点的控制:在650-900℃下控制在-10℃至30℃的范围
为了将内部和表层部的氧化物中的Mn/Si比例控制在适当的范围,控制退火炉的均热区内的露点是有利的。当露点过低时,发生表面氧化而不是发生内部氧化,因此表面上可能会形成Si或Mn等的氧化物。这些氧化物对镀覆产生不利影响。因此,需要将露点控制为-10℃以上。另一方面,当露点过高时,可能会发生Fe的氧化,因此需要将露点控制为30℃以下。如上所述用于控制露点的温度可以为出现充分的内部氧化效果的650℃以上。但是,当温度过高时,形成Si等的表面氧化物,不仅阻碍氧扩散至内部,而且在均热区进行加热时产生过多的奥氏体,降低碳的扩散速度,因此内部氧化水平可能会降低,并且在均热区奥氏体尺寸过度生长,导致材质软化。此外,可能会产生退火炉的负荷而引起缩短设备寿命并增加工艺成本的问题,因此控制所述露点的温度可以为900℃以下。
此时,露点可以通过向退火炉内加入包含水蒸气的湿氮(N2+H2O)来进行调节。
退火炉(均热区)内氢的浓度:5-10体积%
退火炉内的气氛通过向氮气中加入5-10体积%的氢来保持还原气氛。当退火炉内的氢浓度小于5体积%时,由于还原能力的降低,形成过多的表面氧化物,导致表面质量和镀覆粘附性变差,并且发生抗LME性降低的问题。当氢浓度高时,没有发生特别的问题,但由于氢使用量的增加所带来的成本增加以及氢浓度的增加引起的炉内发生爆炸的风险,对氢浓度进行限制。
镀浴的钢板引入温度:420-500℃
当镀浴内钢板的引入温度低时,无法充分确保钢板与液态锌的接触界面内的润湿性,因此应保持在420℃以上。当镀浴内钢板的引入温度过高时,钢板与液态锌过度反应,在界面产生作为Fe-Zn合金相的ζ相,导致镀层的粘附性降低,并且镀浴内钢板的Fe元素的溶出量过多,因此存在镀浴内产生浮渣的问题。
为了确保镀层的润湿性和镀浴的流动性,镀浴内的Al浓度应保持在适当的浓度。在GI的情况下,Al应控制在0.2-0.25%,在ZM的情况下,Al应控制在0.7-13.2重量%,Mg应控制在0.7-5.7重量%并保持在适当的水平,这样才可以将镀浴内的浮渣(dross)的形成保持在适当的水平并可以确保镀覆表面质量和性能。本发明中的镀覆附着量没有特别限制,但可以根据需求者要求的质量适当地调节。
具体实施方式
以下,通过实施例对本发明进行更具体的说明。但是,需要注意的是,下述实施例仅用于例示本发明以进行具体的说明,并不用于限定本发明的权利范围。这是因为本发明的权利范围由权利要求书中记载的内容和由此合理推导的内容所确定。
(实施例)
将具有下表1中记载的组成的钢坯(表中未记载的其余成分是Fe和不可避免地包含的杂质。此外,表中B和N是以单位ppm表示,其余成分是以单位重量%表示)再加热至1213℃,在将精轧起始温度和精轧终止温度分别设为1117℃和972℃并进行热轧,然后在氧为1.5体积%以下的氮气氛中,对热轧卷板进行边缘部加热8小时,然后以180m/分钟通过盐酸浓度为平均15体积%的盐酸浴中以进行酸洗并冷轧,然后在退火炉中,在氢的浓度为8体积%且余量的氮气的气氛中,将获得的冷轧钢板在均热区中进行退火。退火后将GI浸入包含0.24重量%的Al的镀浴中,将ZM浸入包含1.75重量%的Al和1.55重量%的Mg的锌基镀浴中,以进行热浸镀锌,然后通过气刀调节附着量并进行冷却以获得热浸镀锌钢板。
在所有实施例中,将引入热浸锌镀浴中的钢板的引入温度设为475℃。除此之外的各实施例的条件如表2中所记载。
[表1]
钢种 C Si Mn S-Al Cr Mo B Nb Ti Sb Sn Bi
A 0.245 0.245 7.214 0.0027 0 0 15 0.017 0.019 0 0 0
B 0.212 1.548 2.225 0.0052 0 0.0024 17 0.024 0.014 0 0.0045 0
C 0.214 0.02 6.875 0.0025 0 0 11 0 0.054 0 0 0
D 0.147 0.04 15.57 0.0026 0 0 21 0.0021 0.045 0.024 0 0
E 0.175 1.542 2.685 0.0054 0.457 0.0475 11 0.05 0.032 0 0 0.01
F 0.156 2.954 2.654 0.0034 0.447 0.017 17 0.0045 0.021 0 0 0
G 0.195 1.425 2.654 0.0024 0.354 0.0021 14 0 0.021 0.011 0 0
[表2]
测量通过上述过程制造的热浸镀锌钢板的特性,并观察点焊时是否发生液态金属致脆(LME),并将结果示于表3中。对于表3中示出的试验结果,除非特别说明位置,否则均是使用在距钢板的边缘部1mm的位置处采集的样品测量的。当样品的尺寸大时,将从距边缘1mm的位置处作为起点测量规定尺寸的样品。具体地,点焊是将钢板沿宽度方向切割并沿着各切割的边缘部位进行。施加两次点焊电流,通电后保持1个循环(cycle)的保持时间(holdtime)。点焊以两种三层形式进行。按照评价材料-评价材料-GA980DP1.4t材料的顺序层叠并进行点焊。点焊时,将新电极焊接到软质材料15次后磨损电极,然后用点焊对象材料测量发生飞溅(expulsion)的上限电流。测量上限电流后,在比上限电流低0.5kA和1.0kA的电流下,在每个焊接电流下进行8次点焊,通过放电加工对点焊部的截面进行精密加工后用环氧树脂固定(epoxymounting)并进行研磨,通过光学显微镜测量裂纹长度。用光学显微镜观察时,倍率指定为100倍,当在该倍率下没有发现裂纹时,判断为未发生液态金属致脆,当发现裂纹时,用图像分析软件测量长度。当在点焊部的肩部产生的B型(B-type)裂纹为100μm以下,并未观察到C型(C-type)裂纹时,判断为良好。
对于镀层(主要由Zn-eta相组成)下部抑制层(IL)涂覆钢板表面的比例,用重铬酸溶液(CrO3+HNO3+ZnSO4+H2O)溶解镀层,然后将表面进行中和和洗涤并清洁表面,然后在以500倍的倍率用EPMA分析3处以上的Al分布的照片中,将具有最高浓度(CPS基准)的10%以上的Al浓度的区域作为存在抑制层的区域,用图像分析软件计算该区域的比例,从而获得面积%的平均值,当该值为60面积%以上时,判断为良好。抑制层未形成部的尺寸也通过相同的方法区分,在以下所有实施例中不存在其尺寸为15μm的抑制层未形成部,在所有实施例中可以确认构成所述抑制层的颗粒的平均宽度对应于0.5-4μm的范围。
拉伸强度是制造JIS-5号标准的C方向的样品,并通过拉伸试验进行测量。合金化程度和镀覆附着量是通过使用利用盐酸溶液的湿式溶解法进行测量。
对于密封剂粘附性,将汽车结构用粘合剂D-型(D-type)粘合在镀覆表面后将钢板弯曲90度,并确认镀覆是否脱落。
通过目视确认是否存在钢板的未镀覆等缺陷,从而确认表面质量,并且如果通过目视观察未镀覆等时观察到缺陷,则判定为不良。
[表3]
在发明例1、发明例2、发明例3、发明例4、发明例5、发明例6、发明例7和发明例8中,钢组成满足本发明提出的范围,制造方法也满足本发明的范围,从而具有良好的拉伸强度、镀覆质量、镀覆附着量和点焊LME裂纹长度。
在比较例1和比较例8中,虽然制造方法满足本发明提出的范围,但钢成分超过本发明提出的范围。在比较例1和比较例8中,Mn和Si分别超出本发明提出的范围,并且当退火炉的露点上升时,涂覆钢板的抑制层的面积率不满足基准。由于过多的Si、Mn含量,在退火过程中形成过多的表面氧化物。因此,无法形成充分的脱碳层,在镀层和基材铁的界面无法充分形成合金化抑制层,因此LME裂纹不满足基准,在表面上发生未镀覆,导致表面质量差,并且由于发生SBT脱落,镀覆粘附性差。
在比较例6和比较例11中,热轧工艺中的收卷温度不满足本发明提出的范围。在比较例6中,热轧收卷温度低于本发明提出的范围,由于发生热轧的内部氧化的量不充分,涂覆钢板的抑制层的面积率小于60面积%,因此无法满足LME裂纹基准。在比较例11中,在超过本发明提出的热轧收卷温度的情况下进行制造,由于在热轧过程中产生的内部氧化量充分,LME特性良好,但由于产生过多的热轧氧化皮,酸洗时无法完全去除氧化皮,并且发生未镀覆,因此表面质量不良,并且由于热轧收卷温度过高,发生热轧材质的软化,并且在退火后也无法恢复,因此材质差。
比较例13和比较例14是边缘部热处理工艺中的热处理温度不满足本发明提出的范围的情况。在比较例13中,由于热处理炉的加热温度超过本发明提出的范围,在边缘部中形成过多的界面氧化皮和高氧化性氧化皮,在酸洗后无法完全去除氧化皮,并且以Si基氧化物的形式残留,因此表面质量差,由于边缘部加热过度,发生软化,因此无法满足拉伸强度。此外,由于Si基氧化物,在高露点气氛中表面反应不活泼,抗LME性不满足基准。在比较例14中,由于边缘部加热温度低于本发明提出的范围,无法充分形成内部氧化层,在镀覆过程中无法形成充分的抑制层,因此镀覆表面质量和密封剂粘附性不良,并且无法满足抗LME性。
比较例4是退火中的炉内露点低于本发明提出的范围的情况。在热轧加热工艺中,即使在整个宽度上产生充分的内部氧化层,在冷轧后的退火过程中露点不够高,无法充分形成内部氧化,因此涂覆钢板的抑制层的面积率小于60面积%,并且无法形成充分的脱碳水平,因此点焊LME裂纹长度不良。GI材料由于露点低,无法发生充分的内部氧化,产生过多的表面氧化物,因此表面质量不良。
在比较例2中,退火炉中的露点范围超过本发明提出的范围。露点过度增加的同时充分发生内部氧化,因此LME满足基准,但由于过度的内部氧化,材质变差,因此不满足基准。
比较例3和比较例7是在退火时的钢板的板通过速度高于本发明提出的范围的条件下进行制造的情况。由于退火路中的水蒸气和钢板反应的脱碳反应的时间不足,退火后的钢板表层部的内部氧化不充分,因此涂覆钢板的抑制层的面积率小于60面积%,并且点焊LME裂纹评价时超过基准且不良。
在比较例12中,退火炉中的均热区温度超过本发明提出的范围。退火温度变得过高的同时外部氧化量增加,无法形成充分的内部氧化量,因此涂覆钢板的抑制层的面积率小于60面积%,并且LME裂纹不满足基准,因此点焊性不良。此外,在均热区中过度地形成和生长奥氏体,因此材质不满足基准而不良。
比较例10是退火炉中的均热区温度低于本发明提出的范围的情况。由于退火温度低,水蒸气与钢板之间的氧化反应不充分,无法充分形成内部氧化,因此涂覆钢板的抑制层的面积率小于60面积%,并且LME裂纹不满足基准,导致点焊性不良。此外,退火过程中未充分进行再结晶,无法形成所目标的微细组织,因此材质不满足基准而不良。
比较例5是退火时的钢板的板通过速度低于本发明提出的范围的情况。通过确保与退火炉中的水蒸气的充分的反应时间来充分形成内部氧化层,但由于过度的晶粒生长,不满足材质基准。
在比较例9中,在冷轧压下率超过本发明提出的基准的情况下进行制造。在热轧过程中形成的内部氧化层由于过度的冷轧而变薄,内部氧化量不充分,因此涂覆钢板的抑制层的面积率小于60面积%,并且LME裂纹不满足基准而不良。
因此,可以确认本发明的有利的效果。

Claims (11)

1.一种热浸镀锌钢板,其包括:
基础钢板;以及
热浸镀锌层,形成在所述基础钢板的表面上,
以面积比计,在所述基础钢板和热浸镀锌层之间形成60%以上的比例的由Fe-Al合金组成的抑制层。
2.根据权利要求1所述的热浸镀锌钢板,其中,所述抑制层以70%以上的面积比形成。
3.根据权利要求1所述的热浸镀锌钢板,其中,构成所述抑制层的颗粒的平均宽度为4μm以下,其中,所述颗粒的平均宽度表示在俯视抑制层的照片中沿一个方向画一条直线时将与颗粒重叠的线段的长度设为颗粒的宽度并得到所述宽度的平均。
4.根据权利要求1所述的热浸镀锌钢板,其中,构成所述抑制层的颗粒的平均宽度为0.5μm以上。
5.根据权利要求1所述的热浸镀锌钢板,其中,未形成所述抑制层的部分的平均当量圆直径为15μm以下。
6.根据权利要求1所述的热浸镀锌钢板,其中,所述基础钢板具有包含C:0.05-1.5%、Si:2.0%以下、Mn:1.0-10%、酸溶铝(S-Al):3%以下、Cr:2.5%以下、Mo:1%以下、B:0.005%以下、Nb:0.2%以下、Ti:0.2%以下、V:0.2%以下、Sb+Sn+Bi:0.1%以下和N:0.01%以下的组成。
7.一种制造热浸镀锌钢板的方法,其包括以下步骤:
提供钢坯;
将板坯再加热至950-1300℃的温度;
将再加热的所述板坯以900-1150℃的精轧起始温度和850-1050℃的精轧终止温度进行热轧以获得钢板;
在590-750℃的温度范围内,将所述钢板进行收卷;
将所述钢板以180-250米/分钟的板通过速度进行酸洗;
将所述钢板以35-60%的压下率进行冷轧;
在均热区温度和露点温度分别为650-900℃和-10℃至+30℃且作为气氛气体包含5-10体积%的H2的湿氮条件下,将冷轧的所述钢板进行加热并进行再结晶退火;以及
在420-500℃的引入温度范围内,将所述钢板浸入熔融镀浴中以进行热浸镀。
8.根据权利要求7所述的制造热浸镀锌钢板的方法,其中,所述熔融镀浴包含0.2-0.25重量%的Al。
9.根据权利要求7所述的制造热浸镀锌钢板的方法,其中,所述熔融镀浴包含0.7-13.2重量%的Al和0.7-5.7重量%的Mg。
10.根据权利要求7至9中任一项所述的制造热浸镀锌钢板的方法,其中,所述再结晶退火时的板通过速度为40-130m/分钟。
11.根据权利要求7至9中任一项所述的制造热浸镀锌钢板的方法,其中,在600-800℃下,对收卷的所述钢板进行边缘部加热5-24小时。
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