CN116780109A - Separator, battery and preparation method of battery - Google Patents

Separator, battery and preparation method of battery Download PDF

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Publication number
CN116780109A
CN116780109A CN202310505698.1A CN202310505698A CN116780109A CN 116780109 A CN116780109 A CN 116780109A CN 202310505698 A CN202310505698 A CN 202310505698A CN 116780109 A CN116780109 A CN 116780109A
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China
Prior art keywords
coating
battery
layer
negative electrode
binder
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Application number
CN202310505698.1A
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Chinese (zh)
Inventor
高云雷
于子龙
曾力
邓豪
陈杰
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Huizhou Liwinon Energy Technology Co Ltd
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Huizhou Liwinon Energy Technology Co Ltd
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Priority to CN202310505698.1A priority Critical patent/CN116780109A/en
Publication of CN116780109A publication Critical patent/CN116780109A/en
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    • HELECTRICITY
    • H01ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01MPROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M50/00Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
    • H01M50/40Separators; Membranes; Diaphragms; Spacing elements inside cells
    • H01M50/409Separators, membranes or diaphragms characterised by the material
    • H01M50/449Separators, membranes or diaphragms characterised by the material having a layered structure
    • H01M50/457Separators, membranes or diaphragms characterised by the material having a layered structure comprising three or more layers
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H01ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01MPROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M10/00Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M10/05Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte
    • H01M10/052Li-accumulators
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H01ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01MPROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M10/00Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M10/05Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte
    • H01M10/052Li-accumulators
    • H01M10/0525Rocking-chair batteries, i.e. batteries with lithium insertion or intercalation in both electrodes; Lithium-ion batteries
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H01ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01MPROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M10/00Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M10/05Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte
    • H01M10/058Construction or manufacture
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H01ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01MPROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M50/00Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
    • H01M50/40Separators; Membranes; Diaphragms; Spacing elements inside cells
    • H01M50/409Separators, membranes or diaphragms characterised by the material
    • H01M50/411Organic material
    • H01M50/414Synthetic resins, e.g. thermoplastics or thermosetting resins
    • H01M50/417Polyolefins
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H01ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01MPROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M50/00Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
    • H01M50/40Separators; Membranes; Diaphragms; Spacing elements inside cells
    • H01M50/409Separators, membranes or diaphragms characterised by the material
    • H01M50/431Inorganic material
    • H01M50/434Ceramics
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H01ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01MPROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M50/00Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
    • H01M50/40Separators; Membranes; Diaphragms; Spacing elements inside cells
    • H01M50/409Separators, membranes or diaphragms characterised by the material
    • H01M50/446Composite material consisting of a mixture of organic and inorganic materials
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H01ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01MPROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M50/00Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
    • H01M50/40Separators; Membranes; Diaphragms; Spacing elements inside cells
    • H01M50/409Separators, membranes or diaphragms characterised by the material
    • H01M50/449Separators, membranes or diaphragms characterised by the material having a layered structure
    • H01M50/451Separators, membranes or diaphragms characterised by the material having a layered structure comprising layers of only organic material and layers containing inorganic material
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H01ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01MPROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M50/00Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
    • H01M50/40Separators; Membranes; Diaphragms; Spacing elements inside cells
    • H01M50/46Separators, membranes or diaphragms characterised by their combination with electrodes
    • H01M50/461Separators, membranes or diaphragms characterised by their combination with electrodes with adhesive layers between electrodes and separators
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H01ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01MPROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M50/00Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
    • H01M50/40Separators; Membranes; Diaphragms; Spacing elements inside cells
    • H01M50/489Separators, membranes, diaphragms or spacing elements inside the cells, characterised by their physical properties, e.g. swelling degree, hydrophilicity or shut down properties

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  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Electrochemistry (AREA)
  • General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
  • Materials Engineering (AREA)
  • Composite Materials (AREA)
  • Ceramic Engineering (AREA)
  • Cell Separators (AREA)

Abstract

The application discloses a diaphragm, a battery and a preparation method of the battery, and relates to the technical field of batteries. The second coating comprises an aqueous binder layer and a ceramic layer, and the ceramic layer is positioned between the aqueous binder layer and the second surface, so that the second coating has smaller shrinkage rate when heated, and the shrinkage of the diaphragm when heated can be reduced. Therefore, the probability of safety accidents of the battery due to insufficient bonding force between the diaphragm and the pole piece or shrinkage of the diaphragm when the battery is heated is reduced, and because the thickness of the second coating is greater than or equal to twice that of the first coating, when the diaphragm is applied to the battery core, a gap formed at the corner of the battery core is larger, so that the flow of electrolyte is facilitated.

Description

Separator, battery and preparation method of battery
Technical Field
The application relates to the technical field of batteries, in particular to a diaphragm, a battery and a preparation method of the battery.
Background
The lithium ion battery has the technical characteristics of high energy density, quick charge and the like, is widely applied to digital products and power supplies, has higher challenges on the performance and safety performance of the lithium ion battery along with the continuous upgrading and updating of the technology, improves the charging window of the lithium ion battery, and improves the lithium precipitation in the circulation process to improve the safety performance.
The diaphragm is used as a key component of the lithium ion battery, and has the main functions of blocking positive and negative polar plates, preventing the contact of the positive and negative polar plates from causing internal short circuit of the battery, and also has the function of enabling electrolyte ions to pass through. In the related art, the adhesive force of part of the diaphragm is weak, so that the adhesive force between the diaphragm and the pole piece is insufficient, and the potential safety hazard exists in the battery. Part of the diaphragm is easy to shrink when heated, and the diaphragm is easy to cause safety accidents when shrunk.
Disclosure of Invention
The present application aims to solve at least one of the technical problems existing in the prior art. Therefore, the application provides the diaphragm, the battery and the preparation method of the battery, which can ensure that the diaphragm has stronger bonding force and is not easy to shrink when heated.
A separator according to an embodiment of the first aspect of the present application includes:
a base film;
a first coating layer comprising an oily binder and first ceramic particles, the oily binder being mixed with the first ceramic particles, the first coating layer being applied to a first surface of the base film;
a second coating comprising an aqueous binder layer and a ceramic layer, the aqueous binder layer being coated on the ceramic layer, the second coating being coated on a second surface of the base film, and the ceramic layer being located between the aqueous binder layer and the second surface, the second surface being opposite the first surface;
the second coating has a thickness greater than or equal to twice the thickness of the first coating.
The diaphragm provided by the embodiment of the application has at least the following beneficial effects: when the separator disclosed by the embodiment of the application is applied to a battery, the first coating is in contact with a pole piece of the battery, and the oily binder and the first ceramic particles are mixed by the first coating, so that the first coating has good bonding characteristics and can form good bonding force with the pole piece, so that the battery has good hardness and flatness. The second coating comprises an aqueous binder layer and a ceramic layer, the second coating is coated on the second surface of the base film, the aqueous binder layer is coated on the ceramic layer, and the ceramic layer is positioned between the aqueous binder layer and the second surface, so that the second coating has smaller shrinkage rate when heated, and the shrinkage of the diaphragm when heated can be reduced. Therefore, the diaphragm provided by the embodiment of the application has stronger adhesive force and is not easy to shrink when heated, so that the safety of the battery can be improved, and the probability of safety accidents of the battery due to insufficient adhesive force between the diaphragm and the pole piece or shrinkage of the diaphragm when heated is reduced; and since the thickness of the second coating is greater than or equal to twice the thickness of the first coating, when the separator is applied to the cell, the gap that can be formed at the corners of the cell is greater to facilitate storage of more electrolyte and flow of electrolyte.
According to some embodiments of the application, the first ceramic particles have a diameter of 0.5 microns to 1.5 microns.
According to some embodiments of the application, the ceramic layer comprises second ceramic particles having a diameter of 1 to 3 microns.
According to some embodiments of the application, the aqueous binder layer comprises any one or a mixture of several of styrene-butadiene latex, styrene-acrylic latex, polymethyl methacrylate, polybutyl methacrylate, polyethyl acrylate, polyvinyl alcohol, ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymer, polyvinyl acetate, polyurethane.
According to some embodiments of the application, the oily binder comprises any one or a mixture of a vinylidene fluoride homopolymer powder, a copolymer of vinylidene fluoride and hexafluoropropylene.
An embodiment of a second aspect of the present application provides a battery, including a separator according to any one of the embodiments of the first aspect, the battery further including a positive electrode tab and a negative electrode tab, the separator being disposed between the positive electrode tab and the negative electrode tab.
An embodiment of a third aspect of the present application provides a method for manufacturing a battery, including:
coating positive electrode slurry on a positive electrode current collector, and carrying out cold pressing on the positive electrode current collector and then slitting to obtain a positive electrode plate;
coating the negative electrode slurry on a negative electrode current collector, and carrying out cold pressing on the negative electrode current collector and then slitting to obtain a negative electrode plate;
mixing an oily binder with first ceramic particles to form a first coating, coating the first coating on a first surface of a base film, coating a ceramic layer on a second surface of the base film, and coating an aqueous binder layer on the ceramic layer to obtain a diaphragm; wherein the second surface is opposite to the first surface, the aqueous binder layer and the ceramic layer form a second coating, and the thickness of the second coating is greater than or equal to twice the thickness of the first coating;
manufacturing the positive electrode plate, the negative electrode plate and the diaphragm into a bare cell;
mixing ethylene carbonate, propylene carbonate, diethyl carbonate and propyl propionate to obtain a first solvent, and dissolving lithium salt in the first solvent to obtain an electrolyte;
and packaging the bare cell and the electrolyte to obtain the battery.
According to some embodiments of the third aspect of the present application, the positive electrode slurry is made by:
mixing an anode active material, a conductive agent, a conductive carbon nanotube and a first binder in a second solvent to obtain anode slurry; wherein the weight ratio of the positive electrode active material is 96 to 98%, the weight ratio of the conductive agent is 0 to 1%, the weight ratio of the conductive carbon nanotube is 0 to 1%, and the weight ratio of the first binder is 0.6 to 1.5%.
According to some embodiments of the third aspect of the present application, the negative electrode slurry is made by:
mixing a negative electrode active material, a dispersing agent and a second binder to obtain negative electrode slurry; wherein the weight of the negative active material is 96.5 to 98.5%, the weight of the dispersant is 0 to 1%, and the weight of the second binder is 0.7 to 1.5%.
According to some embodiments of the third aspect of the present application, the volume ratio of the ethylene carbonate is 5% to 20%, the volume ratio of the propylene carbonate is 5% to 20%, the volume ratio of the diethyl carbonate is 30% to 60%, and the volume ratio of the propyl propionate is 30% to 60%.
Additional aspects and advantages of the application will be set forth in part in the description which follows, and in part will be obvious from the description, or may be learned by practice of the application.
Drawings
The application is further described with reference to the accompanying drawings and examples, in which:
FIG. 1 is a schematic view of a separator according to an embodiment of the present application;
fig. 2 is a flowchart illustrating steps of a method for manufacturing a battery according to an embodiment of the present application.
Reference numerals:
a base film 100; first ceramic particles 110; an oily binder 120; an aqueous adhesive layer 130; ceramic layer 140.
Detailed Description
Embodiments of the present application are described in detail below, examples of which are illustrated in the accompanying drawings, wherein like or similar reference numerals refer to like or similar elements or elements having like or similar functions throughout. The embodiments described below by referring to the drawings are illustrative only and are not to be construed as limiting the application.
In the description of the present application, it should be understood that references to orientation descriptions such as upper, lower, front, rear, left, right, etc. are based on the orientation or positional relationship shown in the drawings, are merely for convenience of description of the present application and to simplify the description, and do not indicate or imply that the apparatus or elements referred to must have a particular orientation, be constructed and operated in a particular orientation, and thus should not be construed as limiting the present application.
In the description of the present application, the meaning of a number is one or more, the meaning of a number is two or more, and greater than, less than, exceeding, etc. are understood to exclude the present number, and the meaning of a number is understood to include the present number. The description of the first and second is for the purpose of distinguishing between technical features only and should not be construed as indicating or implying relative importance or implicitly indicating the number of technical features indicated or implicitly indicating the precedence of the technical features indicated.
In the description of the present application, unless explicitly defined otherwise, terms such as arrangement, installation, connection, etc. should be construed broadly and the specific meaning of the terms in the present application can be reasonably determined by a person skilled in the art in combination with the specific contents of the technical scheme.
In the description of the present application, the descriptions of the terms "one embodiment," "some embodiments," "illustrative embodiments," "examples," "specific examples," or "some examples," etc., mean that a particular feature, structure, material, or characteristic described in connection with the embodiment or example is included in at least one embodiment or example of the present application. In this specification, schematic representations of the above terms do not necessarily refer to the same embodiments or examples. Furthermore, the particular features, structures, materials, or characteristics described may be combined in any suitable manner in any one or more embodiments or examples.
Referring to fig. 1, an embodiment of a first aspect of the present application provides a separator comprising:
a base film 100;
a first coating layer including an oily binder 120 and first ceramic particles 110, the oily binder 120 being mixed with the first ceramic particles 110, the first coating layer being applied to a first surface of the base film 100;
a second coating comprising an aqueous binder layer 130 and a ceramic layer 140, the aqueous binder layer 130 being coated on the ceramic layer 140, the second coating being coated on a second surface of the base film 100, and the ceramic layer 140 being located between the aqueous binder layer 130 and the second surface, the second surface being opposite to the first surface;
the thickness of the second coating layer is greater than or equal to twice the thickness of the first coating layer.
The diaphragm provided by the embodiment of the application has at least the following beneficial effects: when the separator disclosed by the embodiment of the application is applied to a battery, the first coating is in contact with a pole piece of the battery, and as the first coating comprises the oily binder 120 and the first ceramic particles 110, the oily binder 120 is mixed with the first ceramic particles 110, the first coating has good bonding characteristics, and can form good bonding force with the pole piece, so that the battery has good hardness and flatness. The second coating layer includes an aqueous binder layer 130 and a ceramic layer 140, the second coating layer is coated on the second surface of the base film 100, the aqueous binder layer 130 is coated on the ceramic layer 140, and the ceramic layer 140 is located between the aqueous binder layer 130 and the second surface, so that the second coating layer has a smaller shrinkage rate when heated, and can reduce shrinkage of the diaphragm when heated. Therefore, the diaphragm provided by the embodiment of the application has stronger adhesive force and is not easy to shrink when heated, so that the safety of the battery can be improved, and the probability of safety accidents of the battery due to insufficient adhesive force between the diaphragm and the pole piece or shrinkage of the diaphragm when heated is reduced; and since the thickness of the second coating is greater than or equal to twice the thickness of the first coating, when the separator is applied to the cell, the gap that can be formed at the corners of the cell is greater to facilitate storage of more electrolyte and flow of electrolyte.
It can be appreciated that in an embodiment, the separator is disposed between the positive electrode plate and the negative electrode plate of the battery, the first coating layer may be in contact with the positive electrode plate of the battery, and the second coating layer is in contact with the negative electrode plate of the battery, and because the bonding force of the first coating layer is stronger, a better bonding force is formed between the first coating layer and the positive electrode plate, so that the battery has better hardness and flatness, and potential safety hazards caused by lower hardness or insufficient flatness of the battery can be avoided. And the second coating has smaller shrinkage rate when heated, so that the shrinkage of the diaphragm when heated can be reduced, and the probability of safety accidents caused by the shrinkage of the diaphragm when heated is reduced.
In another embodiment, the separator is disposed between the positive electrode plate and the negative electrode plate of the battery, the first coating layer may be in contact with the negative electrode plate of the battery, and the second coating layer is in contact with the positive electrode plate of the battery, and because the binding force of the first coating layer is stronger, a better binding force is formed between the first coating layer and the negative electrode plate, so that the battery has better hardness and flatness, and potential safety hazards caused by lower hardness or insufficient flatness of the battery can be avoided. And therefore, the shrinkage rate of the second coating is smaller when heated, the shrinkage of the diaphragm when heated can be reduced, and the probability of safety accidents caused by the shrinkage of the diaphragm when heated is reduced.
The base film 100 is one of a polyethylene base film 100, a polypropylene composite base film 100, a polyethylene composite base film 100, a polypropylene composite base film 100, a polyimide base film 100, a polyvinylidene fluoride base film 100, a polyethylene nonwoven fabric base film 100, a polypropylene nonwoven fabric base film 100, and a polyimide nonwoven fabric base film 100, and one skilled in the art can select the base film 100 according to actual needs, which is not limited to the present application.
It is understood that the thickness of the base film 100 is 3 to 10 micrometers, for example, the thickness of the base film 100 is 3 micrometers, 5 micrometers, or 10 micrometers. The porosity of the base film 100 is 20% to 50%, for example, the porosity of the base film 100 is 20%, 35%, or 50%.
It is understood that the first ceramic particles 110 may be one or more of alumina, zirconia, and zinc oxide. The second ceramic particles can be one or more of aluminum oxide, zirconium oxide and zinc oxide.
It is understood that the diameter of the first ceramic particles 110 is 0.5 microns to 1.5 microns. For example, the first ceramic particles 110 may have a diameter of 0.5 microns or 1 micron or 1.5 microns.
It is noted that the diameter of the first ceramic particles 110 in the first coating layer is 0.5 to 1.5 micrometers, and the diameter of the first ceramic particles 110 is smaller, so that the thickness of the diaphragm can be reduced, and meanwhile, the bonding force between the first coating layer and the active material of the pole piece is enhanced, so that the battery has better hardness and flatness, and potential safety hazards caused by lower hardness or insufficient flatness of the battery can be avoided.
It is understood that ceramic layer 140 includes second ceramic particles having a diameter of 1 micron to 3 microns, for example, the second ceramic particles having a diameter of 1 micron or 2 microns or 3 microns.
It is worth noting that the diameter of the second ceramic particles in the second coating is 1-3 microns, the second ceramic particles are larger, so that larger binding force is generated on the surface of the diaphragm coated with the second coating, shrinkage of the diaphragm can be restrained, shrinkage of the diaphragm when the diaphragm is heated is reduced, the probability of safety accidents caused by shrinkage of the diaphragm when the battery is heated is reduced, and the second ceramic particles are larger, so that pores between the second coating of the diaphragm and the active material of the pole piece are larger, and further more electrolyte can be stored in the second coating.
The thickness of the first coating layer is determined by the first ceramic particles, the thickness of the second coating layer is determined by the second ceramic particles, the diameter of the first ceramic particles is set to be 0.5 to 1.5 microns, and the diameter of the second ceramic particles is set to be 1 to 3 microns, so that the thickness of the second coating layer can be ensured to be greater than or equal to twice the thickness of the first coating layer. Specifically, compared with the first coating, the second ceramic particles of the second coating are larger, and the second coating adopts an aqueous binder, so that the second coating can store more electrohydraulic liquid, the thickness of the second coating is d2, the thickness of the first coating is d1, d2 is more than or equal to 2 x d1, when the diaphragm is applied to the battery cell, larger gaps can be formed at the corners of the battery cell, so that more electrolyte can be stored conveniently and the electrolyte can flow conveniently, larger gaps are formed at the corners of the battery cell, more electrolyte can be stored in the larger gaps, the lithium precipitation probability at the corners of the battery cell due to insufficient electrolyte can be reduced, the lithium precipitation condition at the corners of the battery cell is improved, and the service life of the battery cell is prolonged.
It is to be noted that the number of the first ceramic particles 110 and the second ceramic particles is plural, and the number of the first ceramic particles 110 and the second ceramic particles is not particularly limited in the present application.
It is understood that the aqueous binder layer 130 includes any one or a mixture of several of styrene-butadiene latex, styrene-acrylic latex, polymethyl methacrylate, polybutyl methacrylate, polyethyl acrylate, polyvinyl alcohol, ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymer, polyvinyl acetate, polyurethane.
It is understood that the oily binder 120 includes any one or a mixture of a vinylidene fluoride homopolymer powder, a copolymer of vinylidene fluoride and hexafluoropropylene.
It will be appreciated that in a second aspect of the present application there is provided a battery, the battery being a secondary battery, the battery comprising a separator as in any of the embodiments of the first aspect, the battery further comprising a positive electrode sheet and a negative electrode sheet, the separator being disposed between the positive electrode sheet and the negative electrode sheet.
Since the battery of the second aspect embodiment includes the separator according to any one of the first aspect embodiments of the present application, the corresponding matters of the separator in the first aspect mentioned embodiment are equally applicable to the battery in the second aspect mentioned embodiment, and have the same implementation principles and technical effects, and are not described in detail herein to avoid redundancy of description.
Referring to fig. 2, a third aspect of the present application provides a method for preparing a battery, including, but not limited to, the steps of:
step S210, coating positive electrode slurry on a positive electrode current collector, and carrying out cold pressing on the positive electrode current collector and then slitting to obtain a positive electrode plate;
step S220, coating the negative electrode slurry on a negative electrode current collector, and carrying out cold pressing on the negative electrode current collector and then slitting to obtain a negative electrode plate;
step S230, mixing the oily binder 120 with the first ceramic particles 110 to form a first coating, coating the first coating on the first surface of the base film 100, coating the ceramic layer 140 on the second surface of the base film 100, and coating the aqueous binder layer 130 on the ceramic layer 140 to obtain a separator; wherein the second surface is opposite to the first surface, the aqueous binder layer and the ceramic layer form a second coating, and the thickness of the second coating is greater than or equal to twice the thickness of the first coating;
step S240, manufacturing a bare cell from the positive pole piece, the negative pole piece and the diaphragm;
step S250, mixing ethylene carbonate, propylene carbonate, diethyl carbonate and propyl propionate to obtain a first solvent, and dissolving lithium salt in the first solvent to obtain an electrolyte;
and step S260, packaging the bare cell and the electrolyte to obtain the battery.
The battery is prepared through steps S210 to S260, and the separator of the battery includes the base film 100, the first coating and the second coating, and since the first coating includes the oily binder 120 and the first ceramic particles 110, the oily binder 120 is mixed with the first ceramic particles 110, and thus the first coating has better adhesion characteristics, and can form better adhesion with the pole piece, so that the battery has better hardness and flatness. The second coating layer includes an aqueous binder layer 130 and a ceramic layer 140, the second coating layer is coated on the second surface of the base film 100, the aqueous binder layer 130 is coated on the ceramic layer 140, and the ceramic layer 140 is located between the aqueous binder layer 130 and the second surface, so that the second coating layer has a smaller shrinkage rate when heated, and can reduce shrinkage of the diaphragm when heated. Therefore, the diaphragm provided by the embodiment of the application has stronger adhesive force and is not easy to shrink when heated, so that the safety of the battery can be improved, and the probability of safety accidents of the battery due to insufficient adhesive force between the diaphragm and the pole piece or shrinkage of the diaphragm when heated is reduced; and because the thickness of the second coating is greater than or equal to twice the thickness of the first coating, the diaphragm can form a gap at the corners of the cell when the cell is packaged, so that more electrolyte can be stored and the flow of the electrolyte can be facilitated.
It can be understood that the positive electrode slurry of step S210 is made in the following manner:
mixing an anode active material, a conductive agent, a conductive carbon nanotube and a first binder in a second solvent to obtain anode slurry; wherein the weight ratio of the positive electrode active material is 96-98%, the weight ratio of the conductive agent is 0-1%, the weight ratio of the conductive carbon nano tube is 0-1%, and the weight ratio of the first binder is 0.6-1.5%. For example, the positive electrode active material may have a weight ratio of 96% or 97% or 98%, the conductive agent may have a weight ratio of 0 or 0.5% or 1%, the conductive carbon nanotube may have a weight ratio of 0 or 0.5% or 1%, and the first binder may have a weight ratio of 0.6% or 1% or 1.5%. In one embodiment, the weight ratio of the positive electrode active material, the conductive agent, the conductive carbon nanotube and the first binder is 97.9:0.6:0.5:1.0.
Notably, the positive electrode active material may be LiCoO 2 、LiNiO 2 、LiMnO 2 、LiMn 2 O 4 、LiMnPO 4 、LiFePO 4 、LiNi 1/3 Co 1/3 Mn 1/3 O 2 、LiNi 0.5 Co 0.2 Mn 0.3 O 2 、LiNi 0.6 Co 0.2 Mn 0.2 O 2 、LiNi 0.8 Co 0.1 Mn 0.1 O 2 、LiNi 0.6 Co 0.1 Mn 0.3 O 2 、LiNi 0.85 Co 0.15 Al 0.05 O 2 One or more of them.
Notably, the conductive agent adopts acetylene black, the first binder adopts polyvinylidene fluoride, and the second solvent is N-methyl pyrrolidone; the positive electrode current collector adopts an aluminum current collector, and after the positive electrode slurry is coated on the aluminum current collector, the aluminum current collector is subjected to cold pressing and then is divided into strips, so that a positive electrode plate is formed.
It can be understood that the anode slurry in step S220 is made in the following manner:
mixing a negative electrode active material, a dispersing agent and a second binder to obtain a negative electrode slurry; wherein the weight ratio of the negative electrode active material is 96.5 to 98.5%, the weight ratio of the dispersant is 0 to 1%, and the weight ratio of the second binder is 0.7 to 1.5%. For example, the weight ratio of the anode active material may be 96.5% or 97.5% or 98.5%, the weight ratio of the dispersant may be 0 or 0.5% or 1%, and the weight ratio of the second binder may be 0.7% or 1% or 1.5%. In an embodiment, the weight part ratio of the negative electrode active material, the dispersant, and the second binder is 97.7:1:1.3.
notably, the second binder may be polyvinylidene fluoride. The negative electrode active material may be one or more of graphite, silicon, and hard carbon. The negative electrode current collector adopts a copper current collector, and after the negative electrode slurry is coated on the copper current collector, the copper current collector is subjected to cold pressing and then is divided into strips to form a negative electrode plate.
It is understood that in step S240, the positive electrode sheet, the negative electrode sheet and the separator are wound or laminated to manufacture a bare cell, and the separator is located between the positive electrode sheet and the negative electrode sheet. In one embodiment the first coating may be in contact with the negative electrode sheet of the battery and the second coating in contact with the positive electrode sheet of the battery; in yet another embodiment, the first coating may be in contact with the positive plate of the battery and the second coating is in contact with the negative plate of the battery.
It is understood that in the first solvent, the volume ratio of ethylene carbonate is 5% to 20%, the volume ratio of propylene carbonate is 5% to 20%, the volume ratio of diethyl carbonate is 30% to 60%, and the volume ratio of propyl propionate is 30% to 60%. For example, the volume ratio of ethylene carbonate may be 5% or 15% or 20%, the volume ratio of propylene carbonate may be 5% or 15% or 20%, the volume ratio of diethyl carbonate may be 30% or 45% or 60%, and the volume ratio of propyl propionate may be 30% or 40% or 60%. In one embodiment, the volume parts ratio of ethylene carbonate, propylene carbonate, diethyl carbonate, propyl propionate is 1:1:4:4.
In the related art, the oil-based adhesive is adopted on two opposite surfaces of the diaphragm, a short plate exists in the aspect of heat shrinkage, and the safety accident is caused by shrinkage of the isolating diaphragm; in the related art, the other part of the diaphragm adopts water-based adhesive on two opposite surfaces of the diaphragm, which is easy to cause insufficient adhesive force of an interface and has potential safety hazard. The diaphragm provided by the embodiment of the application has strong adhesive force and is not easy to shrink when heated, so that the safety of the battery can be improved, and the probability of safety accidents caused by insufficient adhesive force between the diaphragm and the pole piece or shrinkage of the diaphragm when heated is reduced.
TABLE 1
Referring to table 1, table 1 shows the membrane designs of 7 specific embodiments of the present application and 2 comparative examples in the related art. Wherein D1 characterizes the diameter of the first ceramic particles, D1 characterizes the thickness of the first coating, D2 characterizes the diameter of the second ceramic particles, and D2 characterizes the thickness of the second coating. Table 1 shows the separator designs for 7 examples and 2 comparative examples, and specifically shows the thickness of each example or comparative example in the first coating, the second coating, the binder used, and the diameter of the ceramic particles.
TABLE 2
Referring to table 2, the heat shrinkage performance test was performed on the separator of each case corresponding to table 1, and table 2 shows the heat shrinkage rate corresponding to the separator of each case, when the heat shrinkage performance test was performed, the separator was cut into the size of 10cm×10cm, the TD direction was identified, the cut separator was put into a 90 ℃ oven for baking for 0.5h, the before and after baking dimensions were measured, and the heat shrinkage rate= (before baking dimension-after baking dimension)/before baking dimension was measured.
Referring to table 2, the separator of each case corresponding to table 1 was fabricated into a cell, and the cell was subjected to a hot box test in which the failure temperature of the cell was tested at every 1 deg.c temperature interval, wherein the temperature rise rate was 2 deg.c/min, and was maintained for 1h after rising to the target temperature. Table 2 shows the target temperatures for each cell to be hot box tested, each cell being able to pass the hot box test.
Referring to table 2, each cell was subjected to cycle performance test, and charged to 4.25V at constant current of 2.7C rate, charged to 4.5V at constant current of 1.8C rate, charged to 200mA by constant voltage, and then discharged to 3.0V at direct current of 0.7C rate at normal temperature. Repeating the above charge-discharge cycle process 1000 times to obtain the cycle capacity retention rate of each cell.
As is clear from table 2, the separator of examples 1 to 7 has a lower heat shrinkage rate than that of comparative example 1, and the probability of occurrence of a safety accident due to shrinkage of the separator when the battery is heated can be reduced. And the battery cells of examples 1 to 7 were subjected to 1000 cycle tests, and the battery cell cycle capacity retention rate was higher than those of comparative examples 1 and 2, so that the battery cells of the examples of the present application had better cycle performance than those of comparative examples 1 and 2.
The embodiments of the present application have been described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings, but the present application is not limited to the above embodiments, and various changes can be made within the knowledge of one of ordinary skill in the art without departing from the spirit of the present application. Furthermore, embodiments of the application and features of the embodiments may be combined with each other without conflict.

Claims (10)

1. A separator, comprising:
a base film;
a first coating layer comprising an oily binder and first ceramic particles, the oily binder being mixed with the first ceramic particles, the first coating layer being applied to a first surface of the base film;
a second coating comprising an aqueous binder layer and a ceramic layer, the aqueous binder layer being coated on the ceramic layer, the second coating being coated on a second surface of the base film, and the ceramic layer being located between the aqueous binder layer and the second surface, the second surface being opposite the first surface;
the second coating has a thickness greater than or equal to twice the thickness of the first coating.
2. The membrane of claim 1, wherein the first ceramic particles have a diameter of 0.5 microns to 1.5 microns.
3. The separator of claim 1, wherein the ceramic layer comprises second ceramic particles having a diameter of 1 micron to 3 microns.
4. The separator according to claim 1, wherein the aqueous binder layer comprises any one or a mixture of several of styrene-butadiene latex, styrene-acrylic latex, polymethyl methacrylate, polybutyl methacrylate, polyethyl acrylate, polyvinyl alcohol, ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymer, polyvinyl acetate, polyurethane.
5. The separator according to claim 1, wherein the oily binder comprises any one or a mixture of a vinylidene fluoride homopolymer powder, a copolymer of vinylidene fluoride and hexafluoropropylene.
6. A battery comprising a separator according to any one of claims 1 to 5, the battery further comprising a positive electrode tab and a negative electrode tab, the separator being disposed between the positive electrode tab and the negative electrode tab.
7. A method of manufacturing a battery, comprising:
coating positive electrode slurry on a positive electrode current collector, and carrying out cold pressing on the positive electrode current collector and then slitting to obtain a positive electrode plate;
coating the negative electrode slurry on a negative electrode current collector, and carrying out cold pressing on the negative electrode current collector and then slitting to obtain a negative electrode plate;
mixing an oily binder with first ceramic particles to form a first coating, coating the first coating on a first surface of a base film, coating a ceramic layer on a second surface of the base film, and coating an aqueous binder layer on the ceramic layer to obtain a diaphragm; wherein the second surface is opposite to the first surface, the aqueous binder layer and the ceramic layer form a second coating, and the thickness of the second coating is greater than or equal to twice the thickness of the first coating;
manufacturing the positive electrode plate, the negative electrode plate and the diaphragm into a bare cell;
mixing ethylene carbonate, propylene carbonate, diethyl carbonate and propyl propionate to obtain a first solvent, and dissolving lithium salt in the first solvent to obtain an electrolyte;
and packaging the bare cell and the electrolyte to obtain the battery.
8. The method of manufacturing a battery according to claim 7, wherein the positive electrode slurry is made by:
mixing an anode active material, a conductive agent, a conductive carbon nanotube and a first binder in a second solvent to obtain anode slurry; wherein the weight ratio of the positive electrode active material is 96 to 98%, the weight ratio of the conductive agent is 0 to 1%, the weight ratio of the conductive carbon nanotube is 0 to 1%, and the weight ratio of the first binder is 0.6 to 1.5%.
9. The method of manufacturing a battery according to claim 7, wherein the negative electrode slurry is made by:
mixing a negative electrode active material, a dispersing agent and a second binder to obtain negative electrode slurry; wherein the weight of the negative active material is 96.5 to 98.5%, the weight of the dispersant is 0 to 1%, and the weight of the second binder is 0.7 to 1.5%.
10. The method for producing a battery according to claim 7, wherein the volume ratio of the ethylene carbonate is 5% to 20%, the volume ratio of the propylene carbonate is 5% to 20%, the volume ratio of the diethyl carbonate is 30% to 60%, and the volume ratio of the propyl propionate is 30% to 60%.
CN202310505698.1A 2023-05-06 2023-05-06 Separator, battery and preparation method of battery Pending CN116780109A (en)

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Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN117954791A (en) * 2024-03-26 2024-04-30 宁德新能源科技有限公司 Separator, electrochemical device, and electronic apparatus

Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN117954791A (en) * 2024-03-26 2024-04-30 宁德新能源科技有限公司 Separator, electrochemical device, and electronic apparatus

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