CN114204038A - Current collector and application thereof - Google Patents

Current collector and application thereof Download PDF

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Publication number
CN114204038A
CN114204038A CN202111486245.6A CN202111486245A CN114204038A CN 114204038 A CN114204038 A CN 114204038A CN 202111486245 A CN202111486245 A CN 202111486245A CN 114204038 A CN114204038 A CN 114204038A
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thickness
area
current collector
region
coating
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CN114204038B (en
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车佩佩
翟玮
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Envision Power Technology Jiangsu Co Ltd
Envision Ruitai Power Technology Shanghai Co Ltd
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Envision Power Technology Jiangsu Co Ltd
Envision Ruitai Power Technology Shanghai Co Ltd
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    • HELECTRICITY
    • H01ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01MPROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M4/00Electrodes
    • H01M4/02Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
    • H01M4/64Carriers or collectors
    • H01M4/70Carriers or collectors characterised by shape or form
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H01ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01MPROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M10/00Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M10/05Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte
    • H01M10/052Li-accumulators
    • H01M10/0525Rocking-chair batteries, i.e. batteries with lithium insertion or intercalation in both electrodes; Lithium-ion batteries
    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02EREDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E60/00Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
    • Y02E60/10Energy storage using batteries

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  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Electrochemistry (AREA)
  • General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Materials Engineering (AREA)
  • Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
  • Battery Electrode And Active Subsutance (AREA)
  • Secondary Cells (AREA)
  • Cell Electrode Carriers And Collectors (AREA)
  • Connection Of Batteries Or Terminals (AREA)

Abstract

The invention provides a current collector and application thereof, wherein the current collector is provided with at least one first area and at least two second areas; second areas are distributed on two sides of the first area; the thickness of the first region is less than the thickness of the second region. The current collectors with different thicknesses are adopted, the compacted density of the pole pieces is guaranteed, and meanwhile slurry can be filled at the edges in a self-leveling mode when coated, so that the thickness difference between the edge thinning area and the middle normal area of the current collectors is remarkably reduced, multi-pole-lug thinning during lithium ion battery production is improved, the pole-lug overcurrent capacity is improved, and the problem of multi-pole-lug welding is solved.

Description

Current collector and application thereof
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the field of lithium ion batteries, relates to a current collector, and particularly relates to a current collector and application thereof.
Background
Lithium ion batteries are widely used in the fields of new energy automobiles, consumer electronics products, energy storage and the like. The fast charging speed of the lithium ion battery inevitably needs larger charging current, and the problem of large temperature rise and large internal resistance needs to be solved by large current, so the fast charging technology of the lithium ion battery is usually accompanied with a multi-tab structure. With the popularization of multi-tab structures of lithium ion batteries, the control of thinning areas is one of the difficulties in the preparation process of lithium batteries.
The current collectors with the same thickness are generally used in the production of the lithium ion battery, and in the coating process, areas with the thickness of two sides smaller than that of a normal area exist, namely thinning areas are formed; the actual CB value of the thinning area is not enough, the anode in the area can be overcharged, lithium separation occurs, the difference between the thickness of the area and the thickness of the middle area after cold pressing is large, the gap between pole pieces is too large or too small, the problems of bridge breakage lithium separation and the like are caused, and the circulation failure of the lithium ion battery and the internal short circuit of the battery core are caused.
Based on the research, how to provide a current collector can improve the thinning problem of multiple tabs and improve the cycle performance of a battery cell; meanwhile, the problem of the overcurrent capacity of the lugs can be improved, the temperature rise of the battery cell is reduced, the quick charging capacity is improved, the multi-lug welding effect is improved, the connection strength of the lugs is enhanced, and the problem which needs to be solved at present is solved urgently.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a current collector and application thereof, and particularly relates to a current collector with inconsistent thickness and application thereof.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention adopts the following technical scheme:
in a first aspect, the present invention provides a current collector, said current collector being distributed with at least one first area, and at least two second areas;
second areas are distributed on two sides of the first area;
the thickness of the first region is less than the thickness of the second region.
The invention adopts the current collectors with inconsistent thickness, namely thick areas are arranged on two sides of the thin area, so that the current collectors have a concave structure with thick sides and thin middle, the slurry can be allowed to be filled at the edge in a self-leveling manner when being coated, the thickness difference between the edge thinning area and the middle normal area of the current collector is obviously reduced, and the problems of multi-tab thinning, tab overcurrent capacity and multi-tab welding during the production of the lithium ion battery are solved.
Preferably, the current collector has at least one first region, and at least two second regions distributed in a width direction.
According to the current collector, the first area and the second area are arranged in the width direction according to practical application.
The number of the first area and the second area is not specifically limited, and can be reasonably set by a person skilled in the art; exemplarily, the current collector of the present invention includes a second region, a first region and a second region sequentially arranged in a width direction; or the current collector comprises a second area, a first area, a second area, a first area and a second area which are arranged in sequence in the width direction.
Preferably, the first area is provided with a coating layer, and the second area is a tab reserved area.
The first area is a coating area, and during coating, slurry can be allowed to fill in a self-leveling manner at the edge, so that the problem of coating slurry outflow in current collectors with consistent thickness is remarkably reduced, and the condition that the thickness difference exists between the current collector edge thinning area and the middle normal area is improved.
Preferably, the ratio of the total thickness of the coating layer and the first region to the thickness of the second region is 1 (0.3 to 1), and may be, for example, 1:1, 1:0.9, 1:0.7, 1:0.5 or 1:0.3, but is not limited to the recited values, and other values not recited within the numerical range are equally applicable.
The total thickness of the coating layer and the first area is the thickness of the first area after coating and cold pressing.
In order to ensure that the coating and cold pressing effects of the current collector are not influenced, the ratio of the thickness of the first area after coating and cold pressing to the thickness of the second area is in a reasonable range, when the thickness of the second area is larger than that of the first area after coating and cold pressing, the second area can bear larger pressure during cold pressing, and the middle first area is less stressed, so that the compaction density of a pole piece can be influenced, and the circulating thickness expansion rate of the battery cell is influenced; when the thickness of the second regions on both sides is excessively small, there occurs a problem of outflow of the coating slurry; therefore, the thickness ratio of the first area after coating and cold pressing to the second area is in a reasonable range, so that the compaction density of the pole piece is guaranteed, the circulation maintaining expansion rate is reduced, and the outflow of coating slurry can be prevented.
Preferably, the thickness of the first area after coating and cold pressing is consistent with that of the second area.
The thickness of the first area after coating and cold pressing is consistent with that of the second area, the consistency of the thickness of the current collector after coating is guaranteed, gaps between the pole pieces are reduced, and the problems of cycle failure of the lithium ion battery and short circuit in the battery cell caused by broken bridge lithium precipitation are avoided.
Preferably, the first region has a thickness h1,h1The range of (b) is 1 μm to 10 μm, and examples thereof include 1 μm, 1.5 μm, 2 μm, 2.5 μm, 3 μm, 3.5 μm, 4 μm, 4.5 μm, 5 μm, 5.5 μm, 6 μm, 6.5 μm, 7 μm, 7.5 μm, 8 μm, 8.5 μm, 9 μm, 9.5 μm and 10 μm, but are not limited to the values listed, and other values not listed in the numerical ranges are also applicable.
When the thickness of the first area of the current collector is reduced, the mass of the current collector can be reduced, the mass energy density is improved, meanwhile, the space occupied by the current collector can be reduced, and the volume energy density is improved.
Preferably, the second region has a thickness h2And 10 μm < h2Less than or equal to 150 μm, for example 10.5 μm, 20 μm, 30 μm, 40 μm, 50 μm, 60 μm, 70 μm, 80 μm, 90 μm, 100 μm, 110 μm, 120 μm, 130 μm, 140 μm or 150 μm, but is not limited to the values listed, and other values not listed in the numerical range are equally suitable.
Preferably, the width of the first region is 50 to 800mm, for example 50mm, 100mm, 150mm, 200mm, 250mm, 300mm, 350mm, 400mm, 450mm, 500mm, 550mm, 600mm, 650mm, 700mm, 750mm or 800mm, but is not limited to the values listed, and other values not listed in the numerical range are equally applicable.
Preferably, the width of the second region is 15 to 50mm, and may be, for example, 15mm, 17mm, 19mm, 21mm, 23mm, 25mm, 27mm, 29mm, 31mm, 33mm, 35mm, 37mm, 39mm, 41mm, 43mm, 45mm, 47mm, 49mm or 50mm, but is not limited to the values recited, and other values not recited within the range of values are equally applicable.
Preferably, the material of the current collector is a conductive metal material.
The material of the current collector includes, but is not limited to, copper or aluminum.
Preferably, the current collector includes a positive electrode current collector and/or a negative electrode current collector.
The current collector has higher universality, can be applied to the current collectors of the positive electrode and the negative electrode, and does not influence the coating effect of slurry.
In a second aspect, the present invention provides an electrochemical device comprising a current collector as described in the first aspect.
Preferably, the electrochemical device comprises a lithium ion battery.
The lithium ion battery adopting the current collector has good cycle performance, and the problem of short circuit in a battery cell caused by bridge cutoff and lithium separation can be solved.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following beneficial effects:
according to the invention, the current collectors with different thicknesses are adopted, namely the thick areas are arranged on the two sides of the thin area, so that the current collectors have a concave structure with the thickness on the two sides and the thickness in the middle, and the slurry can be automatically filled in a leveling manner at the edge when coated, thereby obviously reducing the thickness difference between the edge thinning area and the middle normal area of the current collectors, ensuring the thickness consistency of pole pieces and the compaction density of the pole pieces, reducing the gap between the pole pieces, and improving the problems of multi-pole-lug thinning and multi-pole-lug welding during the production of lithium ion batteries.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a schematic structural view of the current collectors described in example 1, example 2, and example 3.
Fig. 2 is a schematic structural view of the current collector described in example 4.
1-first region, 2-second region.
Detailed Description
The technical solution of the present invention is further explained by the following embodiments. It should be understood by those skilled in the art that the examples are only for the understanding of the present invention and should not be construed as the specific limitations of the present invention.
For the completeness of the technical solution, the material of the current collector described in the following examples and comparative examples is copper, which should not be construed as a limitation to the technical solution of the present invention.
Example 1
The present embodiment provides a current collector as shown in fig. 1, which is provided with a second region 2, a first region 1 and a second region 2 in this order in a width direction;
the ratio of the thickness of the first area 1 after coating and cold pressing to the thickness of the second area 2 is 1: 1;
the thickness of the first region 1 is 1 μm, and the width is 400 mm;
the thickness of the second region 2 is 80 μm, and the width is 30 mm;
the first area 1 is a coating area, and the second area 2 is a tab reservation area.
Example 2
The present embodiment provides a current collector as shown in fig. 1, which is provided with a second region 2, a first region 1 and a second region 2 in this order in a width direction;
the ratio of the thickness of the first area 1 after coating and cold pressing to the thickness of the second area 2 is 1: 1;
the thickness of the first region 1 is 5 μm, and the width is 50 mm;
the thickness of the second region 2 is 10.5 μm, and the width is 15 mm;
the first area 1 is a coating area, and the second area 2 is a tab reservation area.
Example 3
The present embodiment provides a current collector as shown in fig. 1, which is provided with a second region 2, a first region 1 and a second region 2 in this order in a width direction;
the ratio of the thickness of the first area 1 after coating and cold pressing to the thickness of the second area 2 is 1: 1;
the thickness of the first region 1 is 10 μm, and the width is 800 mm;
the thickness of the second region 2 is 150 μm, and the width is 50 mm;
the first area 1 is a coating area, and the second area 2 is a tab reservation area.
Example 4
The present embodiment provides a current collector as shown in fig. 2, which sequentially sets a second region 2, a first region 1, and a second region 2 in a width direction;
the ratio of the thickness of the first area 1 after coating and cold pressing to the thickness of the second area 2 is 1: 1;
the thickness of the first region 1 is 1 μm, and the width is 400 mm;
the thickness of the second region 2 is 75 μm and the width is 30 mm;
the first area 1 is a coating area, and the second area 2 is a tab reservation area.
Examples 5 to 8 provide current collectors that are the same as those of example 1 except that the ratio of the thickness of the first region after coating and cold pressing to the thickness of the second region is different as shown in table 2.
Examples 9 and 10 provide current collectors that are the same as those of example 1 except that the thickness of the first region is different as shown in table 3.
Comparative examples 1 and 2 provided current collectors having uniform thickness, and the thickness and width thereof are shown in table 4.
The current collectors provided in the above examples and comparative examples are prepared into lithium ion batteries, and the preparation method and the test method of the lithium ion batteries are as follows:
the preparation method of the positive electrode comprises the following steps: positive electrode active material LNCM (LiNi) with a mass ratio of 95:3:20.8Co0.1Mn0.1O2) The positive electrode is obtained by uniformly stirring and mixing a conductive agent Super P (conductive carbon black) and a binder PVDF (polyvinylidene fluoride) in an N-methyl pyrrolidone solvent, coating the mixture on the first area of the current collector provided by the embodiment, and drying and cold-pressing the mixture on the current collector in proportion.
The preparation method of the negative electrode comprises the following steps: the negative electrode active material graphite, the conductive agent acetylene black, the binder SBR (styrene butadiene rubber) and the thickening agent CMC (sodium carboxymethyl cellulose) in a mass ratio of 96:2:1:1 are uniformly stirred and mixed in deionized water, and then the mixture is coated on the first area of the current collector provided by the embodiment, and the current collector in the opposite proportion is dried and cold-pressed to obtain the negative electrode.
The preparation method of the diaphragm comprises the following steps: the separator was obtained by coating a nano alumina coating layer of 3mm on a base film of PE (polyethylene) of 9mm thickness.
The preparation method of the electrolyte comprises the following steps: 1mol/L LiPF6Mixing the EC, the DMC and the EMC (EC is ethylene carbonate, EMC is methyl ethyl carbonate, DMC is dimethyl carbonate, and the volume ratio of EC, DMC and EMC is 1:1:1) to obtain the electrolyte.
And sequentially laminating the positive electrode, the diaphragm and the negative electrode to obtain the bare cell. And assembling the naked electric core into the lithium ion battery according to the general preparation process of the lithium ion battery.
The test method and conditions of the cycle thickness expansion rate of the lithium ion battery are as follows: measuring the thickness of the lithium ion battery to obtain an initial thickness T1(ii) a The lithium ion battery is subjected to charge-discharge cycle with 3C/1C multiplying power, the thickness of the lithium ion battery is measured after 800 cycles of the cycle, and the thickness T after the cycle is obtained2The cyclic thickness expansion ratio (T ═ T)2-T1)/T1×100%;
The energy density test method and conditions of the lithium ion battery are as follows: the lithium ion battery is charged and discharged at a rate of 1C/1C, and the energy density of the lithium ion battery is tested.
The test results are shown in tables 1 to 4:
TABLE 1
Figure BDA0003397629620000081
TABLE 2
Figure BDA0003397629620000082
TABLE 3
Figure BDA0003397629620000083
Figure BDA0003397629620000091
TABLE 4
Figure BDA0003397629620000092
As can be seen from tables 1 to 4:
(1) as can be seen from examples 1 and 5 to 8, the ratio of the thickness of the first region after coating and cold pressing to the thickness of the second region is a key factor affecting the cyclic thickness expansion rate, and when the thickness of the second region is too large, i.e. larger than the thickness of the first region after coating and cold pressing, the second region is stressed more during cold pressing, and the middle first region is stressed less, which affects the compaction density of the pole piece, thereby affecting the cyclic thickness expansion rate.
(2) As can be seen from examples 1, 9 and 10, when the thickness of the first region is increased, the energy density of the battery is affected; from this, it is understood that, in the preferable range of the thickness of the first region, the smaller the thickness of the first region, the lower the mass of the current collector, and the mass energy density can be improved, and the space occupied by the current collector can be reduced, and the volume energy density can be improved.
(3) As can be seen from example 1, comparative example 1 and comparative example 2, the current collectors having the same thickness are used in comparative example 1 and comparative example 2, and during slurry coating, the thickness of both sides is smaller than that of a normal region, so that a thinning region is formed, and a gap between pole pieces is too large or too small, so that defects such as bridge-cut lithium precipitation and the like are caused, and thus the expansion rate of the cycle thickness of the lithium ion battery is reduced.
In summary, the present invention provides a current collector and applications thereof, wherein the current collector is distributed with at least one first region and at least two second regions; second areas are distributed on two sides of the first area; the thickness of the first region is less than the thickness of the second region. The current collectors with different thicknesses are adopted, the compacted density of the pole pieces is guaranteed, and meanwhile slurry can be filled at the edges in a self-leveling mode when coated, so that the thickness difference between the edge thinning area and the middle normal area of the current collectors is remarkably reduced, the problems of thinning of multiple tabs, improvement of tab overcurrent capacity and welding of the multiple tabs during production of lithium ion batteries are solved.
The above description is only for the specific embodiment of the present invention, but the protection scope of the present invention is not limited thereto, and it should be understood by those skilled in the art that any changes or substitutions that can be easily conceived by those skilled in the art within the technical scope of the present invention are within the protection scope and the disclosure of the present invention.

Claims (10)

1. A current collector, characterized in that said current collector is distributed with at least one first area, and at least two second areas;
second areas are distributed on two sides of the first area;
the thickness of the first region is less than the thickness of the second region.
2. The current collector of claim 1, wherein the first region is provided with a coating layer and the second region is a tab reserve.
3. The current collector of claim 2, wherein a ratio of a total thickness of the coating layer and the first region to a thickness of the second region is 1 (0.3 to 1).
4. The current collector of claim 1 or 2, wherein the first region has a thickness h1,h1The value of (A) is in the range of 1 to 10 μm.
5. The current collector of claim 4, wherein the second region has a thickness h2And 10 μm < h2≤150μm。
6. The current collector of claim 1, wherein the width of the first region is 50 to 800 mm.
7. The current collector of claim 1, wherein the width of the second region is 15 to 50 mm.
8. The current collector of claim 1, wherein the material of the current collector is a conductive metal material.
9. The current collector of claim 1, wherein the current collector comprises a positive electrode current collector and/or a negative electrode current collector.
10. An electrochemical device comprising a current collector as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 9.
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