CN116773011A - Mechanical equipment fault diagnosis system and method - Google Patents
Mechanical equipment fault diagnosis system and method Download PDFInfo
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- CN116773011A CN116773011A CN202310566368.3A CN202310566368A CN116773011A CN 116773011 A CN116773011 A CN 116773011A CN 202310566368 A CN202310566368 A CN 202310566368A CN 116773011 A CN116773011 A CN 116773011A
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Abstract
The application discloses a mechanical equipment fault diagnosis system and a method, wherein the system comprises: the device comprises an initial module, a detection module and a control module, wherein the initial module is used for setting a detection period of mechanical equipment and collecting vibration signals of the mechanical equipment in the detection period; the judging module is used for judging the state of the mechanical equipment according to the vibration signal; if the mechanical equipment is stopped, the judging module reports a stop signal and enters the next detection period; if the mechanical equipment is in operation, the judging module judges whether the mechanical equipment is in high-frequency early warning or low-frequency early warning, if not, the normal signal is reported, if the mechanical equipment is in high-frequency early warning, the high-frequency fault signal is reported, and if the mechanical equipment is in low-frequency fault, the low-frequency fault signal is reported.
Description
Technical Field
The application relates to the technical field of mechanical equipment fault diagnosis, in particular to a mechanical equipment fault diagnosis system and method.
Background
With the large-scale and complicated structure of modern industrial equipment, the fault diagnosis of the large-scale equipment becomes a great demand in practical engineering application, and once a system fails, if the system cannot be found and processed in time, economic loss and casualties are likely to be caused. If the micro fault or early fault can be monitored and the alarm is given during normal operation, the occurrence of abnormal events can be effectively avoided.
The health monitoring technology of mechanical equipment is mature at present, and is started later in the aspects of state monitoring and fault diagnosis of marine equipment such as a host machine, a generator, a working pump set and the like. The existing motor fault diagnosis has the problems of complex calculation process, large verification difficulty, complex structure, high cost, inaccurate diagnosis result and the like.
Disclosure of Invention
The application provides a mechanical equipment fault diagnosis system and method, which are used for solving the problems that the mechanical fault diagnosis process is complex and the diagnosis result is difficult to verify.
In order to achieve the above object, according to an aspect of the present application, there is provided a mechanical equipment failure diagnosis system including: the device comprises an initial module, a detection module and a detection module, wherein the initial module is used for setting a detection period of mechanical equipment and collecting vibration signals of the mechanical equipment in one detection period; the judging module is connected with the initial module and is used for judging whether the mechanical equipment is in an operating state or a stopping state according to the vibration signal;
if the mechanical equipment is in a stop state, the judging module is used for reporting a stop signal and entering the next detection period;
if the mechanical equipment is in an operating state, the judging module is used for judging whether the mechanical equipment is in high-frequency early warning or low-frequency early warning, if not, reporting a normal signal and entering the next detection period;
if the mechanical equipment is in the high-frequency early warning, the judging module is used for judging that the mechanical equipment reports a high-frequency fault signal;
and if the mechanical equipment is in the low-frequency fault, the judging module is used for reporting a low-frequency fault signal.
In some embodiments, the high frequency fault signal includes an in-bearing fault, a bearing outer ring fault, a rolling element fault.
In some embodiments, the low frequency fault signal includes a bolt loosening fault, an imbalance fault, a misalignment fault.
In some embodiments, the mechanical device is a motor comprising a shaft and a bearing comprising a cage, rolling bodies, an outer ring and an inner ring, the cage having a failure frequency FTF that satisfies: ftf= (N/2) [1- (D/D) Cos phi ],
the rotational failure frequency BSF of the rolling elements satisfies: bsf= (N/2) (D/D) {1- [ (D/D) Cos phi ]2},
the failure frequency BPFO of the outer ring satisfies: bpfo= (N/2) N1- (D/D) Cos phi,
the failure frequency BPFI of the inner ring satisfies: bpfi= (N/2) n1+ (D/D) Cos phi,
wherein D represents the diameter of the rolling elements, D represents the average diameter of the bearing, D represents the diameter at the center of the rolling elements, phi represents the radial contact angle, N represents the number of rolling elements, and N represents the rotational speed of the shaft.
In some embodiments, the judging module is configured to determine whether the mechanical device is in an operating state or a stopped state according to a vibration degree of the mechanical device, and the mechanical device is in a stopped state when a vibration acceleration of the mechanical device is less than an acceleration preset value or when the vibration acceleration of the mechanical device is less than an acceleration of the mechanical device in an initial operating state by a preset percentage.
The application also provides a mechanical equipment fault diagnosis method, which comprises the following steps:
setting a detection period of mechanical equipment, and collecting vibration signals of the mechanical equipment in one detection period;
judging that the mechanical equipment is in an operation process or a stop state according to the vibration signal;
if the mechanical equipment is in a stop state, reporting a stop signal, and entering the next detection period;
if the mechanical equipment is in an operating state, judging whether the mechanical equipment is in high-frequency early warning or low-frequency early warning, if not, reporting a normal signal, and entering the next detection period;
if the mechanical equipment is in high-frequency early warning, reporting a high-frequency fault signal;
and if the mechanical equipment is in the low-frequency fault, reporting a low-frequency fault signal.
In some embodiments, the high frequency fault signal includes an in-bearing fault, a bearing outer ring fault, a rolling element fault.
In some embodiments, the low frequency fault signal includes a bolt loosening fault, an imbalance fault, a misalignment fault.
In some embodiments, the mechanical device is a motor comprising a shaft and a bearing comprising a cage, rolling bodies, an outer ring and an inner ring, the cage having a failure frequency FTF that satisfies: ftf= (N/2) [1- (D/D) Cos phi ],
the rotational failure frequency BSF of the rolling elements satisfies: bsf= (N/2) (D/D) {1- [ (D/D) Cos phi ]2}, the failure frequency BPFO of the outer ring satisfies: bpfo= (N/2) N [1- (D/D) Cos phi ], the failure frequency BPFI of the inner loop satisfies: bpfi= (N/2) n1+ (D/D) Cos phi,
wherein D represents the diameter of the rolling elements, D represents the average diameter of the bearing, D represents the diameter at the center of the rolling elements, phi represents the radial contact angle, N represents the number of rolling elements, and N represents the rotational speed of the shaft.
In some embodiments, whether the mechanical device is in the running state or the stopped state is determined by determining the vibration degree of the mechanical device, and the condition for determining that the mechanical device is in the stopped state satisfies: the vibration acceleration of the mechanical equipment is less than an acceleration preset value, or the initial acceleration of the mechanical equipment is a preset percentage which is greater than the vibration acceleration of the mechanical equipment.
In some embodiments, the acceleration preset value is equal to 0.1m/s 2 The method comprises the steps of carrying out a first treatment on the surface of the The preset percentage is equal to 30%.
In some embodiments, the vibration acceleration of the mechanical device is between 10Hz and 10kHz.
In some embodiments, the mechanical device is unbalanced and shaft bending failure if the vibration spectrum of the mechanical device is greater than sixty percent of the operating rotational frequency.
In some embodiments, if the vibration spectrum of the mechanical device is 0.5 times the operating rotational frequency, 1.5 times the operating rotational frequency, 2.5 times the operating rotational frequency, 3.5 times the operating rotational frequency, or the operating rotational frequency of the mechanical device increases by 1, 2, 3, 4 times the frequency component, the mechanical device is in a bolt loosening failure.
According to the mechanical equipment fault diagnosis system and method provided by the application, by setting the detection period and collecting the vibration signal of the mechanical equipment in one detection period, whether the mechanical equipment is in high-frequency early warning or low-frequency early warning is judged, a normal signal is reported when the mechanical equipment is not in high-frequency early warning and is not in low-frequency early warning, and a high-frequency fault signal is reported when the mechanical equipment is in high-frequency early warning; and when the mechanical equipment is in low-frequency early warning, reporting a low-frequency fault signal. The mechanical equipment fault diagnosis system and the mechanical equipment fault diagnosis method can monitor the working state of the mechanical equipment according to the vibration signals of the mechanical equipment, judge the fault type through the analysis of the vibration signals, early warn the danger possibly generated, evaluate the operation health state of the mechanical equipment, rapidly distinguish and classify the fault type of the mechanical equipment, and can be used for assisting maintenance management personnel in rapid overhaul.
Drawings
The technical solution and other advantageous effects of the present application will be made apparent by the following detailed description of the specific embodiments of the present application with reference to the accompanying drawings.
FIG. 1 is a schematic flow chart of the mechanical equipment fault diagnosis of the application;
FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of the frequency spectrum of a mechanical device prior to a low frequency failure;
FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of the frequency spectrum after mechanical device imbalance and shaft bending failure;
FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram of the frequency spectrum after a mechanical device misalignment fault;
FIG. 5 is a schematic diagram of the frequency spectrum after a mechanical device bolt loosening failure;
FIG. 6 is a schematic diagram of an envelope spectrum of a mechanical device prior to a high frequency failure;
FIG. 7 is a schematic illustration of an envelope spectrum after a mechanical device outer race failure;
the reference numerals are: 100-initial module and 200-judgment module.
Detailed Description
The following describes specific embodiments of a system and a method for diagnosing a fault of a mechanical device according to the present application in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings.
Referring to fig. 1, the present application provides a mechanical equipment fault diagnosis system, which includes an initial module 100 and a judging module 200; the initial module 100 is configured to set a detection period and collect a vibration signal of the mechanical device in one detection period; the judging module 200 is connected with the initial module 100, and the judging module 200 is configured to judge whether the mechanical device is in a running process according to the vibration signal, and report a shutdown signal if the mechanical device is not in the running process, i.e. the mechanical device is in a stopped state, and enter a next detection period; if the mechanical device enters the operation process, the judging module 200 is further configured to judge whether the mechanical device is in high-frequency early warning or low-frequency early warning, and if the mechanical device is not in high-frequency early warning and not in low-frequency early warning, report a normal signal, and enter the next detection period; if the mechanical equipment is in high-frequency early warning, the judging module 200 is used for reporting a high-frequency fault signal; if the mechanical device is in a low frequency failure, the judging module 200 is configured to report a low frequency failure signal.
The mechanical equipment fault diagnosis system of the application utilizes the initial module 100 to set a detection period and collect vibration signals of mechanical equipment in one detection period, utilizes the judging module 200 to judge whether the mechanical equipment is in high-frequency early warning or low-frequency early warning, and utilizes the judging module 200 to report normal signals when the mechanical equipment is not in high-frequency early warning and not in low-frequency early warning; when the mechanical equipment is in high-frequency early warning, reporting a high-frequency fault signal by utilizing the judging module 200; when the mechanical equipment is in low-frequency early warning, the judging module 200 is utilized to report a low-frequency fault signal. According to the mechanical equipment fault diagnosis system, the working state of the mechanical equipment is monitored according to the vibration signals of the mechanical equipment, the fault types are judged through the vibration signal analysis, the possible danger can be early warned, the operation health state of the mechanical equipment is estimated, the fault types of the mechanical equipment are rapidly distinguished and classified, and the mechanical equipment fault diagnosis system can be used for assisting maintenance management personnel in rapid overhaul.
In some embodiments of the application, the high frequency fault signal includes a bearing inner race fault, a bearing outer race fault, a rolling element fault; if the mechanical equipment is in high-frequency early warning, the judging module 200 is used for judging that the mechanical equipment is in one of a bearing inner ring fault, a bearing outer ring fault and a rolling body fault through a bearing fault identification algorithm, and reporting a high-frequency fault signal, namely reporting a fault and a corresponding high-frequency fault type to a display; the high-frequency fault signals comprise bolt loosening faults, unbalanced faults and misalignment faults; if the mechanical device is in a low-frequency fault, the judging module 200 is configured to judge that the mechanical device is in one of a bolt loosening fault, an unbalance fault and an misalignment fault according to a rotor identification algorithm, and report the "fault" and the corresponding low-frequency fault type to the display.
In some embodiments of the application, the mechanical device is a motor comprising a shaft and a bearing, the bearing comprising a cage, rolling bodies, an outer ring and an inner ring; the characteristic frequencies corresponding to faults of the components of the bearing are as follows:
the cage failure frequency FTF satisfies: ftf= (N/2) [1- (D/D) Cos phi ],
the rolling element rotation failure frequency BSF satisfies: bsf= (N/2) (D/D) {1- [ (D/D) Cos phi ]2},
referring to fig. 7, fig. 7 is a schematic diagram of an envelope spectrum after a bearing outer ring failure, and the outer ring failure frequency BPFO satisfies: bpfo= (N/2) N1- (D/D) Cos phi,
the inner ring failure frequency BPFI satisfies: bpfi= (N/2) n1+ (D/D) Cos phi,
wherein D represents the diameter of the rolling body, D represents the average diameter of the bearing, namely D represents the diameter at the center of the rolling body, D and D are in mm, phi represents the contact angle in the radial direction, phi is in rad/s, N represents the number of the rolling bodies, N represents the rotating speed of the shaft, and N is in r/min; the rolling bearing does not slide, the geometric dimension of the rolling bearing does not change, and the outer ring is fixed and does not rotate.
In some embodiments of the present application, the determining module 200 is configured to determine a start-stop state of the mechanical device according to a vibration degree of the mechanical device, and the mechanical device is in a stop state when a vibration acceleration of the mechanical device is less than an acceleration preset value or when the vibration acceleration of the mechanical device is less than an acceleration of an initial operation state of the mechanical device by a preset percentage.
In some embodiments, the acceleration preset value is 0.1m/s 2 。
In some embodiments, the preset percentage is 30%.
In some embodiments, the vibration acceleration of the mechanical device is between 10Hz and 10kHz.
As shown in fig. 1, based on the mechanical equipment fault diagnosis system of the present application, the present application further provides a mechanical equipment fault diagnosis method, including the steps of:
step 1: setting a detection period of mechanical equipment, and collecting vibration signals of the mechanical equipment in one detection period;
step 2: judging that the mechanical equipment is in an operation process or a stop state according to the vibration signal;
in the step 2, the start-stop state of the mechanical equipment is judged by judging the vibration degree of the mechanical equipment, and the condition that the mechanical equipment stops running is satisfied: the vibration acceleration of the mechanical equipment is smaller than an acceleration preset value, or the initial running acceleration of the mechanical equipment is larger than the vibration acceleration of the mechanical equipment by a preset percentage;
in this step 2, the preset acceleration value is equal to 0.1m/s 2 The preset percentage is equal to 30%; mechanical equipmentThe vibration acceleration of the vibration sensor is in the range of 10 Hz-10 kHz.
Step 3: judging whether the mechanical equipment is in high-frequency early warning or low-frequency early warning, if not, reporting "normal", entering the next detection period, if the mechanical equipment is in high-frequency early warning, judging that the mechanical equipment is in one of bearing inner ring faults, bearing outer ring faults, rolling body faults or other faults, reporting "faults" and high-frequency fault types, if the mechanical equipment is in low-frequency faults, judging that the mechanical equipment is in one of bolt loosening faults, unbalanced faults, centering faults or other faults, and reporting "faults" and low-frequency fault types.
Referring to fig. 2, fig. 2 is a schematic diagram of a frequency spectrum before a low-frequency fault of the device, and in step 3, the low-frequency pre-warning for pre-diagnosing fault types includes: imbalance and shaft bending failure, misalignment failure, bolt loosening failure;
in some embodiments, the low frequency pre-warning is primarily to pre-diagnose three types of faults: imbalance and shaft bending, misalignment, bolt loosening, the spectral characteristics of these three types of faults manifest themselves in a significant improvement in the specific spectral lines of the low frequency band.
In some embodiments, please refer to fig. 3, fig. 3 is a schematic diagram of a spectrum after an equipment imbalance and an axis bending fault, and the spectrum characteristics corresponding to the imbalance and the axis bending fault are: the frequency conversion is obviously increased and even accounts for more than 60% of the total frequency spectrum energy, namely, if the vibration frequency spectrum of the mechanical equipment is that the working rotation speed frequency accounts for more than sixty percent, the mechanical equipment is in unbalance and shaft bending faults.
In some embodiments, referring to fig. 4, fig. 4 is a schematic diagram of a spectrum after a device misalignment fault; misalignment of the axes of the drive and driven shafts connected by the coupling may occur due to manufacturing and installation errors or due to long-term use of the apparatus, and the misalignment includes parallel misalignment, angular misalignment, and integrated misalignment; when the coupling is not centered, the rotation frequencies of the driving shaft and the driven shaft are still the same, but the unbalance of the positions of the driven shafts causes the shaft to generate impact during each rotation, so that the energy increase at the frequency which is usually doubled and doubled in frequency spectrum is obvious, and the rest has almost no influence.
Referring to fig. 5, fig. 5 is a schematic spectrum diagram of a device after a bolt loosening failure; due to reasons such as installation errors, long-time vibration, failure of parts such as gaskets and the like, the bolts can be loosened, bolt loosening faults belong to common mechanical faults, and the equipment has certain potential safety hazards due to the bolt loosening faults. When the bolts are loosened, due to the gaps between the bolts and the fasteners, when the equipment or the machine body vibrates, the bolts and the fasteners can continuously collide, so that the energy of the equipment vibration is increased, and the energy is concentrated on each harmonic of the shaft frequency and some harmonic of the half-shaft frequency.
In some embodiments, the mechanical device is in the spectral feature of a bolt loosening failure is: frequency components of 0.5 times of working rotating speed frequency, 1.5 times of working rotating speed frequency, 2.5 times of working rotating speed frequency and 3.5 times of working rotating speed frequency appear, and the working rotating speed frequency is increased by 1 time, 2 times, 3 times and 4 times of equal frequency components.
Referring to fig. 6 and 7, fig. 6 is a schematic diagram of an envelope spectrum before a high-frequency fault of the device, and fig. 7 is a schematic diagram of an envelope spectrum after a fault of an outer ring of the bearing; note that, the normal value range of FTF, BSF, BPFO, BPFI is shown in fig. 6; when FTF, BSF, BPFO, BPFI is abnormal, as shown in fig. 7, an abnormal point appears in a certain frequency band; for project scenes and detection of the operating mechanism of mechanical equipment such as motors, vibration measuring points are generally arranged at the bearing and at a fixed point closest to the rotating piece, and when the high-frequency band energy of the general vibration measuring points exceeds the standard, the corresponding fault conditions are poor lubrication of the rolling bearing, poor lubrication of the sliding bearing and faults of the rolling bearing.
In the embodiment of the application, the fault types for pre-diagnosis of the high-frequency early warning comprise: bearing inner ring failure, bearing outer ring failure, rolling element failure, and other failures.
The fault spectrum characteristics of the rolling bearing are as follows: and 4 characteristic frequency changes of the retainer, the rolling body, the outer ring and the inner ring of the bearing are observed on an envelope spectrum, and the corresponding faults are reflected by the obvious amplified spectral lines.
The mechanical equipment is a motor, the motor comprises a shaft and a bearing, and the bearing comprises a retainer, rolling bodies, an outer ring and an inner ring; the characteristic frequencies corresponding to faults of the components of the bearing are as follows:
the cage failure frequency FTF satisfies: ftf= (N/2) [1- (D/D) Cos phi ],
the rolling element rotation failure frequency BSF satisfies: bsf= (N/2) (D/D) {1- [ (D/D) Cos phi ]2},
referring to fig. 7, fig. 7 is a schematic diagram of an envelope spectrum after a bearing outer ring failure, and the outer ring failure frequency BPFO satisfies: bpfo= (N/2) N1- (D/D) Cos phi,
the inner ring failure frequency BPFI satisfies: bpfi= (N/2) n1+ (D/D) Cos phi,
wherein D represents the diameter of the rolling element, D represents the average diameter of the bearing, i.e. D represents the diameter at the center of the rolling element, D and D are in mm, phi represents the contact angle in the radial direction, phi is in rad/s, N represents the number of rolling elements, N represents the rotational speed of the shaft, N is in r/min, it is to be noted that the rolling bearing does not slide, the geometric dimension of the rolling bearing does not change, and the outer ring is fixed and does not rotate.
Therefore, the mechanical equipment fault diagnosis system and method provided by the application are used for judging whether the mechanical equipment is in high-frequency early warning or low-frequency early warning by setting the detection period and collecting the mechanical equipment vibration signal in one detection period, reporting "normal" when the mechanical equipment is not in high-frequency early warning and is not in low-frequency early warning, continuously judging that the mechanical equipment is in one of a bearing outer ring fault, a bearing inner ring fault, a rolling body fault and other faults when the mechanical equipment is in high-frequency early warning, and reporting "fault" and high-frequency fault types; when the mechanical equipment is in low-frequency early warning, the mechanical equipment is continuously judged to be in one of bolt loosening faults, unbalanced faults, misalignment faults and other faults. According to the mechanical equipment fault diagnosis system and method, start-stop judgment, abnormal alarm and fault diagnosis are carried out based on the operation mechanism of the rotary mechanical equipment, the working state of the mechanical equipment can be monitored according to the vibration signal of the mechanical equipment, the fault type is judged through vibration signal analysis, and early warning can be carried out on danger possibly generated, so that the problems that the mechanical fault diagnosis process is complex and the diagnosis result is difficult to verify can be solved. The application provides an upgrade solution of a low-cost and large-scale quick-copying universal rotating device, which can evaluate the running health state of the device by monitoring the vibration state of a high-speed rotating mechanical device such as a motor in stable running, and can quickly distinguish and classify and position fault types by combining theoretical calculation and experience summary so as to assist maintenance management personnel in quick overhaul.
The foregoing is merely a preferred embodiment of the present application and it should be noted that modifications and adaptations to those skilled in the art may be made without departing from the principles of the present application, which are intended to be comprehended within the scope of the present application.
Claims (14)
1. A mechanical equipment fault diagnosis system, characterized by comprising:
the device comprises an initial module (100), a detection module (100) and a control module, wherein the initial module (100) is used for setting a detection period of mechanical equipment and collecting vibration signals of the mechanical equipment in one detection period;
the judging module (200) is connected with the initial module (100), and the judging module (200) is used for judging whether the mechanical equipment is in an operation state or a stop state according to the vibration signal;
if the mechanical equipment is in a stop state, the judging module (200) is used for reporting a stop signal and entering the next detection period;
if the mechanical equipment is in an operating state, the judging module (200) is used for judging whether the mechanical equipment is in high-frequency early warning or low-frequency early warning, if not, reporting a normal signal, and entering the next detection period;
if the mechanical equipment is in high-frequency early warning, the judging module (200) is used for reporting a high-frequency fault signal;
and if the mechanical equipment is in the low-frequency fault, the judging module (200) is used for reporting a low-frequency fault signal.
2. The mechanical device fault diagnostic system of claim 1, wherein the high frequency fault signal comprises an in-bearing fault, a bearing outer ring fault, a rolling element fault.
3. The machine fault diagnosis system of claim 1, wherein the low frequency fault signal comprises a bolt loosening fault, an unbalance fault, a misalignment fault.
4. The machine fault diagnosis system of claim 1, wherein the machine is an electric machine comprising a shaft and a bearing, the bearing comprising a cage, rolling bodies, an outer ring and an inner ring, the cage having a fault frequency FTF that satisfies: ftf= (N/2) [1- (D/D) Cos phi ],
the rotational failure frequency BSF of the rolling elements satisfies: bsf= (N/2) (D/D) {1- [ (D/D) Cos phi ]2},
the failure frequency BPFO of the outer ring satisfies: bpfo= (N/2) N1- (D/D) Cos phi,
the failure frequency BPFI of the inner ring satisfies: bpfi= (N/2) n1+ (D/D) Cos phi,
wherein D represents the diameter of the rolling element, D represents the average diameter of the bearing, D represents the diameter at the center of the rolling element, D and D are in mm, phi represents the radial contact angle, phi is in rad/s, N represents the number of rolling elements, N represents the rotational speed of the shaft, and N is in r/min.
5. The machine fault diagnosis system according to claim 1, wherein the judging module (200) is configured to determine whether the machine is in an operating state or a stopped state according to a vibration degree of the machine, and the machine is in a stopped state when a vibration acceleration of the machine is less than an acceleration preset value or when the vibration acceleration of the machine is less than an initial operating state acceleration of the machine by a preset percentage.
6. A mechanical equipment fault diagnosis method, characterized by comprising the steps of:
setting a detection period of mechanical equipment, and collecting vibration signals of the mechanical equipment in one detection period;
judging that the mechanical equipment is in an operation process or a stop state according to the vibration signal;
if the mechanical equipment is in a stop state, reporting a stop signal, and entering the next detection period;
if the mechanical equipment is in an operating state, judging whether the mechanical equipment is in high-frequency early warning or low-frequency early warning, if not, reporting a normal signal, and entering the next detection period;
if the mechanical equipment is in high-frequency early warning, reporting a high-frequency fault signal;
and if the mechanical equipment is in the low-frequency fault, reporting a low-frequency fault signal.
7. The mechanical equipment fault diagnosis method according to claim 6, wherein the high frequency fault signal includes a bearing inner fault, a bearing outer ring fault, a rolling element fault.
8. The mechanical equipment fault diagnosis method according to claim 6, wherein the low frequency fault signal includes a bolt loosening fault, an unbalance fault, a misalignment fault.
9. The mechanical device fault diagnosis method according to claim 6, wherein the mechanical device is a motor including a shaft and a bearing including a cage, rolling bodies, an outer ring and an inner ring, the fault frequency FTF of the cage satisfying: ftf= (N/2) [1- (D/D) Cos phi ],
the rotational failure frequency BSF of the rolling elements satisfies: bsf= (N/2) (D/D) {1- [ (D/D) Cos phi ]2},
the failure frequency BPFO of the outer ring satisfies: bpfo= (N/2) N1- (D/D) Cos phi,
the failure frequency BPFI of the inner ring satisfies: bpfi= (N/2) n1+ (D/D) Cos phi,
wherein D represents the diameter of the rolling element, D represents the average diameter of the bearing, D represents the diameter at the center of the rolling element, D and D are in mm, phi represents the radial contact angle, phi is in rad/s, N represents the number of rolling elements, N represents the rotational speed of the shaft, and N is in r/min.
10. The mechanical equipment failure diagnosis method according to claim 6, wherein whether the mechanical equipment is in an operating state or a stopped state is judged by judging a vibration degree of the mechanical equipment, and a condition for judging that the mechanical equipment is in the stopped state is satisfied: the vibration acceleration of the mechanical equipment is less than an acceleration preset value, or the initial acceleration of the mechanical equipment is a preset percentage which is greater than the vibration acceleration of the mechanical equipment.
11. The mechanical equipment failure diagnosis method according to claim 6, wherein the acceleration preset value is equal to 0.1m/s 2 The method comprises the steps of carrying out a first treatment on the surface of the The preset percentage is equal to 30%.
12. The mechanical equipment fault diagnosis method according to claim 6, wherein the vibration acceleration of the mechanical equipment is 10Hz to 10kHz.
13. The method of claim 6, wherein the machine is out of balance and shaft bending failure if the vibration spectrum of the machine is greater than sixty percent of the operating speed frequency.
14. The method according to claim 6, wherein the mechanical equipment is in a bolt loosening failure if the vibration spectrum of the mechanical equipment is 0.5 times the operating rotational frequency, 1.5 times the operating rotational frequency, 2.5 times the operating rotational frequency, 3.5 times the operating rotational frequency, or the operating rotational frequency of the mechanical equipment is 1 times, 2 times, 3 times, 4 times the frequency component increase.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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| CN202310566368.3A CN116773011A (en) | 2023-05-18 | 2023-05-18 | Mechanical equipment fault diagnosis system and method |
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| CN202310566368.3A CN116773011A (en) | 2023-05-18 | 2023-05-18 | Mechanical equipment fault diagnosis system and method |
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| CN202310566368.3A Pending CN116773011A (en) | 2023-05-18 | 2023-05-18 | Mechanical equipment fault diagnosis system and method |
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