CN116766135A - Helicopter main reducer stay bar hole center distance measuring tool and method - Google Patents
Helicopter main reducer stay bar hole center distance measuring tool and method Download PDFInfo
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- CN116766135A CN116766135A CN202311062306.5A CN202311062306A CN116766135A CN 116766135 A CN116766135 A CN 116766135A CN 202311062306 A CN202311062306 A CN 202311062306A CN 116766135 A CN116766135 A CN 116766135A
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- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 claims description 60
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- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 claims description 3
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Classifications
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B25—HAND TOOLS; PORTABLE POWER-DRIVEN TOOLS; MANIPULATORS
- B25H—WORKSHOP EQUIPMENT, e.g. FOR MARKING-OUT WORK; STORAGE MEANS FOR WORKSHOPS
- B25H1/00—Work benches; Portable stands or supports for positioning portable tools or work to be operated on thereby
- B25H1/06—Work benches; Portable stands or supports for positioning portable tools or work to be operated on thereby of trestle type
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B25—HAND TOOLS; PORTABLE POWER-DRIVEN TOOLS; MANIPULATORS
- B25H—WORKSHOP EQUIPMENT, e.g. FOR MARKING-OUT WORK; STORAGE MEANS FOR WORKSHOPS
- B25H1/00—Work benches; Portable stands or supports for positioning portable tools or work to be operated on thereby
- B25H1/08—Work benches; Portable stands or supports for positioning portable tools or work to be operated on thereby with provision for attachment of work holders
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01B—MEASURING LENGTH, THICKNESS OR SIMILAR LINEAR DIMENSIONS; MEASURING ANGLES; MEASURING AREAS; MEASURING IRREGULARITIES OF SURFACES OR CONTOURS
- G01B21/00—Measuring arrangements or details thereof, where the measuring technique is not covered by the other groups of this subclass, unspecified or not relevant
- G01B21/16—Measuring arrangements or details thereof, where the measuring technique is not covered by the other groups of this subclass, unspecified or not relevant for measuring distance of clearance between spaced objects
Abstract
The invention discloses a tool and a method for measuring the hole center distance of a main speed reducer stay bar of a helicopter, which belong to the technical field of measuring tools and comprise the following steps: the first supporting component is used for supporting one end of the main reducer supporting rod; the second supporting component is matched with the first supporting component and is used for supporting the other end of the main reducer supporting rod; wherein the first support component is a highly fixed support structure; the second support assembly is a height-adjustable support structure. The invention can measure the hole center distance between the universal hole and the fixed hole, and simultaneously can reduce the error in the hole center distance measuring process, so that the hole center distance measuring value is closer to the true value, and the accuracy is improved.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of measuring tools, in particular to a tool and a method for measuring the hole center distance of a main speed reducer stay bar of a helicopter.
Background
Fig. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of a strut of a main speed reducer of a helicopter in the prior art, which comprises a strut body 101, and universal bearing holes 201, a first fixing hole 301 and a second fixing hole 401 respectively arranged at two ends of the strut body 101.
In the assembling process of a main speed reducer stay bar of a helicopter, the hole center distance between two ends of the stay bar needs to be detected, in the prior art, a leveling fixing and core inserting shaft mode is generally adopted, and measurement is realized by combining a universal measuring tool caliper.
However, the inventors found in measuring the hole center distance between the universal bearing hole and the fixing hole that: the direction of the universal bearing hole 201 cannot be fixed, so that the central axis of the universal bearing hole 201 may be in any direction, and thus the hole center distance between the universal bearing hole 201 and the first fixing hole 301 and the hole center distance between the universal bearing hole 401 and the second fixing hole 401 cannot be accurately measured, and the defects of low accuracy of a measuring method and the like exist. On the other hand, the existing measuring method is low in reliability, the uncertainty of measurement introduced in the measuring process is large, the accuracy of the measuring result is also affected, and the error judgment is easy to happen when the speed reducer stay bar is repaired, so that the repair cost of the speed reducer stay bar is increased, and even safety risks are brought to helicopter flight.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to solve the above problems, a first aspect of the present invention provides a hole center distance measuring tool for a main reducer strut of a helicopter, which is characterized by comprising:
the first supporting component is used for supporting one end of the main reducer supporting rod;
the second supporting component is matched with the first supporting component and is used for supporting the other end of the main reducer supporting rod;
wherein the first support component is a highly fixed support structure;
the second support assembly is a height-adjustable support structure comprising:
the device comprises a second supporting seat, a second supporting part and a height adjusting piece arranged between the second supporting seat and the second supporting part.
In some embodiments, the height adjustment is an adjustment screw;
the top of the second supporting part is provided with a bulge, and the bulge is an adjusting supporting part, wherein the adjusting supporting part is of a C-shaped structure and is used for leveling a main speed reducer stay bar of the helicopter after the gauge block is placed;
and an anti-rotation pin is further connected between the second supporting seat and the second supporting part.
The second aspect of the invention provides a method for measuring the hole center distance of a main speed reducer stay bar of a helicopter, which adopts a tool for measuring the hole center distance of the main speed reducer stay bar of the helicopter to carry out measurement, and comprises the following steps:
constructing a coordinate system, wherein the central axis of the universal bearing hole in the vertical direction is taken as an axis, the central axis of the universal bearing hole in the horizontal direction is taken as an X axis, the intersection point of the X axis and the Z axis is taken as a zero point, and the direction perpendicular to the X axis and the Z axis is taken as a Y axis;
if helicopter main reducer vaulting pole and measurement frock contact is good, frock leveling step still includes:
acquiring coordinates of a plurality of measuring points on a main speed reducer stay bar of the helicopter;
calculating a height difference between the plurality of measurement points;
leveling according to the height difference.
In some embodiments, in the step of obtaining coordinates of a plurality of measurement points on the strut of the main speed reducer of the helicopter, the number of measurement points is two, and the two measurement points are respectively located at two sides of the first fixing hole, and the measurement point close to the universal bearing hole is used as the first measurement pointA measuring point, another measuring point as a second measuring point, and the coordinates of the first measuring point are recorded as (X 1 ，Y 1 ，Z 1 ) The coordinates of the second measurement point are (X 2 ，Y 2 ，Z 2 ）；
In the step of calculating the height difference between the plurality of measurement points, the height difference Δz=z between the first measurement point and the second measurement point 2 -Z 1 ；
The leveling step according to the height difference is to make the second supporting part rise or fall by rotating the height adjusting piece according to the height difference between the first measuring point and the second measuring point, and the leveling step comprises the following steps:
if DeltaZ is larger than 0, the rotary height adjusting piece lowers the second supporting part to Z 2 =Z 1 ；
If DeltaZ is less than 0, the rotary height adjusting part lifts the second supporting part to adjust Z 2 =Z 1 。
In some embodiments, if the helicopter final drive stay is in poor contact with the measurement tooling, the tooling leveling step further comprises:
the two groups of gauge blocks are respectively placed on the second supporting part;
acquiring coordinates of a plurality of measuring points in the universal bearing, the first fixing hole and the second fixing hole;
calculating center coordinates of the universal bearing hole, the first fixing hole and the second fixing hole according to coordinate calculation of a plurality of measuring points in the universal bearing hole, the first fixing hole and the second fixing hole;
calculating the center distances between the universal bearing hole and the first fixing hole and between the universal bearing hole and the second fixing hole according to the center coordinates of the universal bearing hole, the first fixing hole and the second fixing hole,
wherein, the center distance between the universal bearing hole and the first fixed hole is recorded as H 1 The center distance between the universal bearing hole and the second fixing hole is H 2 ；
Leveling according to the center distance;
leveling according to the circle center offset of the first fixing hole and the second fixing hole, replacing the gauge block according to the offset of the circle centers of the first fixing hole and the second fixing hole,
wherein, the center coordinates of the first fixing hole are recorded as (X 3 ，Y 3 ) The center coordinates of the second fixing hole are (X) 4 ，Y 4 ) Offset Δy=y 3 -Y 4 。
In some embodiments, the leveling according to the center distance comprises:
if H 1 Greater than H 2 The rotation height adjusting member lifts the second supporting portion to adjust to H 1 =H 2 ；
If H 1 Less than H 2 The rotation height adjusting member descends the second supporting portion to adjust to H 1 =H 2 。
In some embodiments, the leveling according to the center offset of the first fixing hole and the second fixing hole includes:
if DeltaY is larger than 0, decreasing the height of the gauge block in the positive direction of the Y axis or increasing the height of the gauge block in the negative direction of the Y axis, and adjusting to Y 3 =Y 4 ；
If DeltaY is smaller than 0, increasing the height of the gauge block in the positive direction of the Y axis or reducing the height of the gauge block in the negative direction of the Y axis, and adjusting to Y 3 =Y 4 。
In some embodiments, the helicopter final drive strut hole center distance measurement method further comprises:
measuring the center coordinates of the universal bearing hole, the first fixing hole and the second fixing hole after leveling,
the coordinates of the universal bearing hole are recorded as (X) a ,Y b ) The coordinates of the first fixing hole are noted as (X c ,Y d ) The coordinates of the second fixing hole are noted as (X e ,Y f ）；
And calculating the hole center distance according to the circle center coordinates of the universal bearing hole, the first fixing hole and the second fixing hole.
In some embodiments, prior to the hole center distance calculating step, the helicopter final drive strut hole center distance measuring method further comprises:
and compensating errors, namely compensating the circle center coordinate values of the universal bearing hole, the first fixing hole and the second fixing hole.
In some embodiments, the error compensating step comprises:
calculating uncertainty component u introduced by measurement repeatability 1 ，
The standard deviation of a single experiment is calculated by adopting a Bessel formula:
wherein the uncertainty component u 1 =s; n is the number of measurements;is the average value of the 1 st to i th measurement results; x is X i The measurement results of the 1 st to the i th times respectively;
calculating a standard uncertainty component u introduced by an indication error of a three-coordinate measuring machine 2 ，
Uncertainty component u 2 =a/k
Wherein a is the interval half width, and k is the inclusion factor;
calculating a standard uncertainty component u introduced by a three-coordinate measurement detection error 3 ，
Uncertainty component u 3 =a/k
Wherein a is the interval half width, and k is the inclusion factor;
calculating a standard uncertainty component u introduced by temperature difference of a measured piece and a three-coordinate measuring machine 4 ，
In this step, uncertainty component u 4 =Ls×α×△t/
Wherein Ls is the length variation, alpha is the temperature expansion coefficient, and Deltat is the half width of the temperature interval;
calculating uncertainty component u introduced by leveling method 5 ，
u 5 =b/k
Wherein b is an axis parallelism adjustment error, and k is a inclusion factor;
degree of uncertainty u of synthesis criterion c ，
Calculating correction value U, and calculating correction value u=ku in X-axis and Y-axis directions, respectively c ，
Wherein k=2 or 3;
respectively recording correction values in X-axis direction as U X The correction values in the Y-axis direction are recorded as U respectively Y ；
Calculating the center coordinates of the corrected universal bearing hole, the corrected first fixing hole and the corrected second fixing hole, and calculating the center coordinates of the corrected universal bearing hole, the corrected first fixing hole and the corrected second fixing hole according to the center coordinates of the universal bearing hole, the corrected first fixing hole and the corrected second fixing hole and the corrected value U;
wherein the center coordinates of the corrected universal bearing hole are (X a +U X ,Y b +U Y ) The center coordinates of the first fixing hole are (X c +U X ，Y d +U Y ) The center of the second fixing hole has a coordinate of (X e +U X ,Y f +U Y ）。
By adopting the technical scheme, the invention has the following technical effects:
1. through setting up the first supporting part rigid support universal bearing hole, calculate the hole heart distance through the centre of a circle coordinates of universal bearing hole, first fixed orifices and second fixed orifices after leveling main reducer vaulting pole, on the one hand can measure the hole heart distance between universal hole and the fixed orifices, on the other hand can also reduce the error in the hole heart distance measurement process, improved the precision in the measurement hole heart distance in-process;
2. through compensating universal bearing hole, first fixed orifices and the centre of a circle coordinate value of second fixed orifices for universal bearing hole, first fixed orifices and the centre of a circle coordinate value of second fixed orifices are close to the true value more, with the error that reduces the hole heart apart from calculation in-process, and then make the hole heart apart from measured value more be close to the true value, improve the precision.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic view of a prior art helicopter main reducer strut;
FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of a helicopter main reducer stay bar hole center distance measurement tool;
FIG. 3 is a schematic view of a helicopter main reducer strut hole center distance measurement tool (another state) according to the present invention;
FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram of coordinates of a first measurement point and a second measurement point;
FIG. 5 is a schematic view of the center distances between the universal bearing hole and the first and second fixed holes;
FIG. 6 is a schematic diagram of the relationship between the center coordinates of the first and second fixed holes;
fig. 7 is a diagram of the length measurement indication error of a calibrated three-coordinate measuring machine using a standard equivalent block.
Wherein the reference numerals have the following meanings:
101. a brace body; 201. a universal bearing hole; 301. a first fixing hole; 401. a second fixing hole 401;
1. a first support assembly; 11. a first support base; 12. a first support portion;
2. a second support assembly; 21. a second support base; 22. a second supporting part; 23. a height adjusting member; 24. an anti-rotation pin.
Description of the embodiments
In order that those skilled in the art will better understand the present invention, a detailed description of embodiments of the present invention will be provided below, together with the accompanying drawings, wherein it is evident that the embodiments described are only some, but not all, of the embodiments of the present invention. All other embodiments, which can be made by those skilled in the art based on the embodiments of the invention without making any inventive effort, are intended to be within the scope of the invention.
Reference herein to "an embodiment" means that a particular feature, structure, or characteristic described in connection with the embodiment may be included in at least one embodiment of the invention. The appearances of such phrases in various places in the specification are not necessarily all referring to the same embodiment, nor are separate or alternative embodiments mutually exclusive of other embodiments. Those of skill in the art will explicitly and implicitly appreciate that the embodiments described herein may be combined with other embodiments.
Fig. 2 and 3 are schematic structural diagrams of a tool for measuring hole center distance of a strut of a main speed reducer of a helicopter (under different states).
As shown in fig. 2 and 3, a first aspect of the present invention provides a tool for measuring a hole center distance of a strut of a main speed reducer of a helicopter, including: a first support assembly 1 for supporting one end of a final drive stay; and the second supporting component 2 is matched with the first supporting component 1 and is used for supporting the other end of the main reducer supporting rod.
In some embodiments, the first support assembly 1 is a highly fixed support structure for supporting the end of the final drive strut provided with the universal bearing hole 201. Further, the first support assembly 1 includes a first support seat 11, and a first support portion 12 disposed on the first support seat 11, where the first support portion 12 may have a circular structure, a bottom of the first support portion is connected to a top of the first support seat 11, and a top of the first support portion is abutted to an end of the main reducer support rod, where the end of the main reducer support rod is provided with the universal bearing hole 201, so as to support an end of the main reducer support rod, where the universal bearing hole 201 is provided.
In some embodiments, the second support assembly 2 is a height-adjustable support structure for supporting one end of the main reducer strut, where the first fixing hole 301 and the second fixing hole 401 are provided. Further, the second support assembly 2 includes a second support base 21, a second support portion 22, and a height adjuster 23 disposed between the second support base 21 and the second support portion 22. The top of the second supporting portion 22 is abutted against one end of the main reducer supporting rod, where the first fixing hole 301 and the second fixing hole 401 are provided, so as to support one end of the main reducer supporting rod, where the first fixing hole 301 and the second fixing hole 401 are provided.
Further, the height adjusting member 23 is used to adjust the height of the second supporting portion 22, and in some embodiments, the height adjusting member 23 is an adjusting screw. For example, the adjusting screw can be made by adopting the principle of spiral amplification, namely, the adjusting screw rotates in the nut once, and the screw advances or retreats by a pitch distance along the rotation axis direction.
In some embodiments, the top of the second supporting portion 22 is provided with a protrusion, and the protrusion is an adjusting supporting portion 221, where the adjusting supporting portion 221 is in a C-shaped structure, and is used for leveling a main speed reducer strut of the helicopter after the gauge is placed, and the leveling process will be further described below.
In some embodiments, an anti-rotation pin 24 is further connected between the second support seat 21 and the second support portion 22 to prevent the second support seat 21 from rotating relative to the second support portion 22.
Embodiment two: the second aspect of the invention provides a method for measuring the hole center distance of a main speed reducer stay bar of a helicopter, which adopts the tool for measuring the hole center distance of the main speed reducer stay bar of the helicopter in the first embodiment to carry out measurement, and comprises the following steps:
(a) Placing a workpiece to be tested;
in the step, the hole center distance measuring tool for the main speed reducer stay bar of the helicopter is firstly placed on a marble platform, and then two ends of the main speed reducer stay bar of the helicopter to be measured are respectively placed on the first support component 1 and the second support component 2. Wherein, the end that the main reducer vaulting pole was equipped with universal bearing hole 201 is placed on first supporting component 1, and the main reducer vaulting pole is equipped with first fixed orifices 301 and the one end of second fixed orifices 401 is placed on second supporting component 2.
It should be noted that, through placing the one end that is equipped with the universal bearing hole 201 on first supporting component 1, the universal bearing hole 201 is in the top looks butt back with first supporting part 12, utilizes first supporting part 12 to support the universal bearing hole 201 on the one hand, and on the other hand utilizes first supporting part 12 to carry out rigid support to the universal bearing hole 201, avoids the universal bearing hole 201 to take place to rotate for the axis of universal bearing hole 201 is relatively fixed, thereby improves the accuracy of measuring hole heart apart from in-process.
(b) Leveling the tool;
in this step, the height of the second supporting portion 22 is adjusted by the height adjusting member 23, so that the first fixing hole 301 and the second fixing hole 401 are on the same horizontal plane with the universal bearing hole 201, and the hole center distance is measured.
It will be appreciated that there may be a difference between different helicopter main reducer strut products due to uncertainty in the machining process, for example, the helicopter main reducer strut may be a product with good contact and high vertical machining accuracy between the universal bearing hole 201, the first fixing hole 301 and the second fixing hole 401 and the second support 22, or a product with poor contact and low vertical machining accuracy between the universal bearing hole 201, the first fixing hole 301 and the second fixing hole 401 and the second support 22.
The tool leveling step comprises the following steps:
s1, constructing a coordinate system;
in this step, the central axis of the universal bearing hole 201 in the vertical direction is taken as the Z axis, the central axis of the universal bearing hole 201 in the horizontal direction is taken as the X axis, the intersection point of the X axis and the Z axis is taken as the zero point, and the direction perpendicular to the X axis and the Z axis is taken as the Y axis.
In some embodiments, if the helicopter main reducer strut is a product with good contact between the second fixing hole 401 and the second support 22 and high vertical machining precision, and the universal bearing hole 201, the first fixing hole 301 and the second fixing hole 401 are not on the same plane, the tool leveling step further includes:
s11, acquiring coordinates of a plurality of measuring points on a main speed reducer stay bar of the helicopter;
in some embodiments, leitz bridge three-coordinate machine with model number reference700 and precision MPEE of + - (0.9+L/350) μm can be used, and the coordinate of the measuring point can be obtained by abutting the measuring needle with the measuring point.
In some embodiments, the number of the measuring points is two, the two measuring points are respectively located at two sides of the first fixing hole 301, the measuring point close to the universal bearing hole 201 is used as a first measuring point, the other measuring point is used as a second measuring point, and the first measuring points are respectively recordedThe coordinates of the points are (X 1 ，Y 1 ，Z 1 ) The coordinates of the second measurement point are (X 2 ，Y 2 ，Z 2 ）。
S12, calculating the height difference among a plurality of measurement points;
in this step, the difference in height Δz=z between the first measurement point and the second measurement point 2 -Z 1 ；
S13, leveling according to the height difference;
in this step, in order to raise or lower the second supporting portion by rotating the height adjusting piece 23 according to the height difference between the first measuring point and the second measuring point; the leveling according to the height difference comprises:
if DeltaZ is greater than 0, the rotation height adjusting member 23 lowers the second support portion 22 to Z 2 =Z 1 ；
If DeltaZ is less than 0, the rotation height adjusting member 23 lifts the second supporting portion 22 to Z 2 =Z 1 。
The reason is that, referring to fig. 4, fig. 4 is a schematic diagram of coordinates of the first measurement point and the second measurement point. If Δz is greater than 0, it means that the second fixing hole 401 is higher away from the universal bearing hole 201 than the other side, the height adjusting member 23 should be rotated to lower the second supporting portion 22 to level the main reducer strut; if Δz is less than 0, indicating that the second fixing hole 401 is lower in height from one side to the other side of the universal bearing hole 201, the height adjusting member 23 should be rotated to raise the second supporting portion 22 to level the final drive stay.
It can be understood that, for the product in which the universal bearing hole 201, the first fixing hole 301 and the second fixing hole 401 are not on the same plane, the second fixing hole 401 is in good contact with the second supporting portion 22, and the vertical machining precision is high, when the height difference between the first measuring point and the second measuring point located at two sides of the second fixing hole 401 is 0, it is indicated that the tooling has leveled the helicopter main reducer strut.
In some embodiments, if the helicopter main reducer strut is a product with a universal bearing hole 201, a first fixing hole 301, and a second fixing hole 401 that are not on the same plane, and the second fixing hole 401 is in poor contact with the second supporting portion 22 and has low perpendicularity processing precision, the tool leveling step further includes:
s21, placing a gauge block;
in this step, a group of gauge blocks are placed on two sides of the C-shaped adjusting support 221, and then one end of the main reducer strut provided with the first fixing hole 301 and the second fixing hole 401 is placed on the gauge blocks for supporting the one end of the main reducer strut provided with the first fixing hole 301 and the second fixing hole 401, so as to form a three-point support for the main reducer strut.
In some embodiments, the height of the gauge block is 1mm.
S22, acquiring coordinates of a plurality of measuring points in the universal bearing hole 201, the first fixing hole 301 and the second fixing hole 401;
in some embodiments, the number of measurement points in the universal bearing hole 201, the first fixing hole 301, and the second fixing hole 401 is three.
S23, calculating center coordinates of the universal bearing hole 201, the first fixing hole 301 and the second fixing hole 401 according to coordinate calculation of a plurality of measuring points in the universal bearing hole 201, the first fixing hole 301 and the second fixing hole 401;
in this step, the coordinates of the center of the circle on the X-axis and the Y-axis can be determined based on the coordinates of the plurality of measurement points on the X-axis and the Y-axis.
In some embodiments, the coordinates of the center of the circle on the X-axis and the Y-axis are determined by measuring the coordinates of three measurement points in the universal bearing hole 201, the first fixing hole 301, and the second fixing hole 401 on the X-axis and the Y-axis.
S24, calculating the center distances between the universal bearing hole 201 and the first fixing hole 301 and between the universal bearing hole 201 and the second fixing hole 401 according to the center coordinates of the universal bearing hole 201, the first fixing hole 301 and the second fixing hole 401;
in this step, the center distances of circles are calculated according to the coordinates of the universal bearing hole 201, the first fixing hole 301 and the second fixing hole 401 on the X axis and the Y axis, and the center distances between the universal bearing hole 201 and the first fixing hole 301 are respectively recorded as H 1 Universal bearing hole 201 and secondThe center distance between the fixing holes 401 is H 2 。
S25, leveling according to the center distance;
in this step, the second supporting portion is lifted or lowered by rotating the height adjusting piece 23 according to the center distances between the universal bearing hole 201 and the first fixing hole 301 and between the universal bearing hole 201 and the second fixing hole 401; the leveling according to the center distance comprises the following steps:
if H 1 Greater than H 2 The rotation height adjusting piece 23 lifts the second supporting portion 22 to adjust to H 1 =H 2 ；
If H 1 Less than H 2 The rotation height adjusting piece 23 descends the second supporting portion 22 to adjust to H 1 =H 2 。
The reason is that, referring to fig. 5, fig. 5 is a schematic diagram of the center distances between the universal bearing hole and the first fixing hole and between the universal bearing hole and the second fixing hole, if H 1 Greater than H 2 It is explained that the second fixing hole 401 is lower in height from one side to the other side of the gimbaled hole 201 than the other side, the height adjusting piece 23 should be rotated to raise the second supporting part 22; if H 1 Less than H 2 It is explained that the second fixing hole 401 is higher than the other side away from the gimbaled hole 201 in height at one side, the height adjusting piece 23 should be rotated to lower the second supporting part 22.
S26, leveling according to the circle center offset of the first fixing hole 301 and the second fixing hole 401;
in this step, the gauge blocks at two sides of the C-shaped replacing support 221 are replaced according to the offset of the center of the first fixing hole 301 and the second fixing hole 401, for example, 1mm gauge block is replaced by a gauge block with a height greater than or less than 1 mm;
wherein, the center coordinates of the first fixing hole 301 are denoted as (X 3 ，Y 3 ) The center coordinates of the second fixing hole 401 are (X 4 ，Y 4 ）；
Offset Δy=y 3 -Y 4 ；
The leveling according to the center offset of the first fixing hole 301 and the second fixing hole 401 includes:
if DeltaY is greater than 0, the Y-axis positive is loweredThe height of the gauge block in the direction or the height of the gauge block in the negative direction of the Y axis is increased to be adjusted to Y 3 =Y 4 ；
If DeltaY is smaller than 0, increasing the height of the gauge block in the positive direction of the Y axis or reducing the height of the gauge block in the negative direction of the Y axis, and adjusting to Y 3 =Y 4 。
The reason is that, referring to fig. 6, fig. 6 is a schematic diagram of the relationship between the center coordinates of the first fixing hole 301 and the second fixing hole 401, if Δy is greater than 0, it is indicated that the main deceleration brace is inclined toward the positive Y-axis direction, and the mass blocks in the positive Y-axis direction should be reduced or the mass blocks in the negative Y-axis direction should be increased; if ΔY is less than 0, it is indicated that the main deceleration strut is inclined in the negative Y-axis direction, and the mass in the positive Y-axis direction should be increased or the mass in the negative Y-axis direction should be decreased.
(c) Measuring the center coordinates of the leveled universal bearing hole 201, the first fixing hole 301 and the second fixing hole 401;
this step is to measure the coordinates of the centers of the leveled universal bearing hole 201, the first fixing hole 301, and the second fixing hole 401 on the X-axis and the Y-axis.
Wherein, the coordinates of the center of the universal bearing hole 201 on the X axis and the Y axis are (X a ,Y b ) The coordinates of the center of the first fixing hole 301 in the X-axis and the Y-axis are expressed as (X c ,Y d ) The coordinates of the center of the second fixing hole 401 in the X-axis and the Y-axis are expressed as (X e ,Y f ）。
(d) Calculating the hole center distance;
in this step, the hole center distance is calculated based on the center coordinates of the universal bearing hole 201, the first fixing hole 301, and the second fixing hole 401.
In some embodiments, the center of the gimbal holes 201 is aligned in the X-axis and Y-axis (X a ,Y b ) The coordinates (X c ,Y d ) The coordinates (X e ,Y f ) And the coordinate distance formula can be used to calculate the holes between the universal bearing hole 201 and the first fixing hole 301 and the second fixing hole 401 respectivelyHeart distance.
In some embodiments, prior to the hole center distance calculating step, the helicopter final drive strut hole center distance measuring method further comprises:
(e) Error compensation;
in this step, by compensating the center coordinate values of the universal bearing hole 201, the first fixing hole 301 and the second fixing hole 401, the center coordinate values of the universal bearing hole 201, the first fixing hole 301 and the second fixing hole 401 are closer to the true value, so as to reduce the error in the calculation process of the hole center distance, further make the hole center distance measured value closer to the true value, and improve the accuracy.
In some embodiments, the error compensating step comprises:
s31, calculating uncertainty component u introduced by measurement repeatability 1 ；
In this step, the single experimental standard deviation is calculated using the Bessel formula:
wherein the uncertainty component u 1 =s; n is the number of measurements;is the average value of the 1 st to i th measurement results; x is X i The measurement results of the 1 st to i th times, respectively.
In some embodiments, the coordinates of the first fixing hole 301 and the second fixing hole 401 of the main reducer strut of the helicopter in the X axis and the Y axis are measured, and the measurement is continuously performed 10 times under the condition of repetitive measurement, and the measured results are shown in the following table 1, and the single experimental standard deviation is calculated by using the bessel formula:
s32, calculating a standard uncertainty component u introduced by the indication error of the three-coordinate measuring machine 2 ；
In this step, uncertainty component u 2 =a/k
Wherein a is the interval half width, and k is the inclusion factor;
in some embodiments, referring to fig. 7, fig. 7 is a diagram of a length measurement indication error of a three-coordinate measuring machine calibrated by a standard 3 equivalent block, a measured maximum indication error of 800mm of a measuring point of the three-coordinate measuring machine is +2.8 μm, and a measured maximum indication error of 300mm of the measuring point is +0.9 μm, so that a half width a=2.8 μm of an interval of X and a half width a=0.9 μm of an interval of Y in the three-coordinate measuring machine obeys uniform distribution, k=。
Uncertainty component u 2 The results are shown in Table 2:
s33, calculating a standard uncertainty component u introduced by the detection error of the three-coordinate measurement 3 ；
In this step, uncertainty component u 3 =a/k
Wherein a is the interval half width, and k is the inclusion factor;
in some embodiments, the interval half-width a=0.6 μm, including the factor k=；
u 3 =0.6/=0.346μm。
S34, calculating a standard uncertainty component u introduced by the temperature difference of the measured piece and the three-coordinate measuring machine 4 ；
In this step, uncertainty component u 4 =Ls×α×△t/
Wherein Ls is the length variation, α is the temperature expansion coefficient, Δt is the half-width of the temperature interval.
In some embodiments, although the measured piece and the three-coordinate measuring machine are isothermal enough before measurement, there is a certain temperature difference during actual measurement, Δt is uniformly distributed within + -0.2deg.C after the isothermal enough, the half width a of the interval is 0.2deg.C, and the temperature expansion coefficient of the main reducer stay bar is 11.5X10 -6 ℃ -1 The length variation ls=110 mm, including the factor k=Then:
u 4 =Ls×11.5×10 -6 ℃ -1 ×0.2℃/0.254μm
s35, calculating uncertainty component u introduced by leveling method 5 ；
u 5 =b/k
Wherein b is an axis parallelism adjustment error, and k is a inclusion factor;
in some embodiments, in adjusting the axis parallelism of the universal bearing bore 201, the first fixing bore 301, and the second fixing bore 401 to be parallel, the axis parallelism adjustment error is 0.001mm, obeying uniform distribution, k=Then:
u 5 =1μm/=0.577μm
s36, synthesizing standard uncertainty u c
In this step:
in some embodiments, a summary of the standard uncertainty components is shown in table 3 below:
degree of uncertainty u of synthesis criterion for each parameter c The evaluation results are shown in the following Table 4:
s37, calculating a correction value U;
in this step, correction values u=ku in the X-axis and Y-axis directions are calculated, respectively c ；
Respectively recording correction values in X-axis direction as U X The correction values in the Y-axis direction are recorded as U respectively Y ；
Where k is an inclusion factor, typically 2 or 3, the confidence level is 95% when k=2 and 99% when k=3 in this example, depending on the importance, benefit and risk being measured.
In some embodiments, k=2 and the extended uncertainty assessment results are summarized in table 5 below:
s38, calculating the center coordinates of the corrected universal bearing hole 201, the first fixing hole 301 and the second fixing hole 401;
in this step, the center coordinates of the corrected universal bearing hole 201, the first fixing hole 301 and the second fixing hole 401 are calculated according to the center coordinates of the universal bearing hole 201, the first fixing hole 301 and the second fixing hole 401 and the correction value U;
wherein the center coordinates of the corrected universal bearing hole are (X a +U X ,Y b +U Y ) The center coordinates of the first fixing hole 301 are (X c +U X ，Y d +U Y ) The center of the second fixing hole has a coordinate of (X e +U X ,Y f +U Y ）。
In some embodiments, the center coordinates of the corrected gimbal holes 201 are (X a +3.6,Y b +1.8), the center coordinates of the first fixing hole 301 are (X c +3.6，Y d +1.8), the center of the second fixing hole 401 has a coordinate of (X e +3.6,Y f +1.8）。
Finally, it should be noted that: the embodiment of the invention is disclosed only as a preferred embodiment of the invention, and is only used for illustrating the technical scheme of the invention, but not limiting the technical scheme; although the invention has been described in detail with reference to the foregoing embodiments, those of ordinary skill in the art will understand that; the technical scheme recorded in the various embodiments can be modified or part of technical features in the technical scheme can be replaced equivalently; such modifications and substitutions do not depart from the spirit and scope of the corresponding technical solutions.
Claims (10)
1. Frock is measured to helicopter main reducer vaulting pole hole heart distance, its characterized in that includes:
the first supporting component is used for supporting one end of the main reducer supporting rod;
the second supporting component is matched with the first supporting component and is used for supporting the other end of the main reducer supporting rod;
wherein the first support component is a highly fixed support structure;
the second support assembly is a height-adjustable support structure comprising:
the device comprises a second supporting seat, a second supporting part and a height adjusting piece arranged between the second supporting seat and the second supporting part.
2. The helicopter main reducer stay bar hole center distance measurement tool of claim 1, wherein the height adjusting piece is an adjusting screw;
the top of the second supporting part is provided with a bulge, and the bulge is an adjusting supporting part, wherein the adjusting supporting part is of a C-shaped structure and is used for leveling a main speed reducer stay bar of the helicopter after the gauge block is placed;
and an anti-rotation pin is further connected between the second supporting seat and the second supporting part.
3. The method for measuring the pitch of the hole center of the main speed reducer stay rod of the helicopter is characterized by adopting the tool for measuring the pitch of the hole center of the main speed reducer stay rod of the helicopter in claim 1, and comprises the following steps:
constructing a coordinate system, wherein the central axis of the universal bearing hole in the vertical direction is taken as an axis, the central axis of the universal bearing hole in the horizontal direction is taken as an X axis, the intersection point of the X axis and the Z axis is taken as a zero point, and the direction perpendicular to the X axis and the Z axis is taken as a Y axis;
if helicopter main reducer vaulting pole and measurement frock contact is good, frock leveling step still includes:
acquiring coordinates of a plurality of measuring points on a main speed reducer stay bar of the helicopter;
calculating a height difference between the plurality of measurement points;
leveling according to the height difference.
4. A method for measuring the pitch of a hole in a main speed reducer strut of a helicopter according to claim 3, wherein in the step of obtaining coordinates of a plurality of measuring points on the main speed reducer strut of the helicopter, the number of measuring points is two, the two measuring points are respectively located at two sides of the first fixing hole, a measuring point close to the universal bearing hole is used as a first measuring point, another measuring point is used as a second measuring point, and the coordinates of the first measuring point are recorded as (X 1 ，Y 1 ，Z 1 ) The coordinates of the second measurement point are (X 2 ，Y 2 ，Z 2 ）；
In the step of calculating the height difference between the plurality of measurement points, the height difference Δz=z between the first measurement point and the second measurement point 2 -Z 1 ；
The leveling step according to the height difference is to make the second supporting part rise or fall by rotating the height adjusting piece according to the height difference between the first measuring point and the second measuring point, and the leveling step comprises the following steps:
if DeltaZ is larger than 0, the rotary height adjusting piece lowers the second supporting part to Z 2 =Z 1 ；
If DeltaZ is less than 0, then spinThe rotation height adjusting piece lifts the second supporting part to adjust Z 2 =Z 1 。
5. A method for measuring the pitch of a helicopter main reducer stay bar hole as claimed in claim 3, wherein if the helicopter main reducer stay bar is in poor contact with a measurement tool, said tool leveling step further comprises:
the two groups of gauge blocks are respectively placed on the second supporting part;
acquiring coordinates of a plurality of measuring points in the universal bearing, the first fixing hole and the second fixing hole;
calculating center coordinates of the universal bearing hole, the first fixing hole and the second fixing hole according to coordinate calculation of a plurality of measuring points in the universal bearing hole, the first fixing hole and the second fixing hole;
calculating the center distances between the universal bearing hole and the first fixing hole and between the universal bearing hole and the second fixing hole according to the center coordinates of the universal bearing hole, the first fixing hole and the second fixing hole,
wherein, the center distance between the universal bearing hole and the first fixed hole is recorded as H 1 The center distance between the universal bearing hole and the second fixing hole is H 2 ；
Leveling according to the center distance;
leveling according to the circle center offset of the first fixing hole and the second fixing hole, replacing the gauge block according to the offset of the circle centers of the first fixing hole and the second fixing hole,
wherein, the center coordinates of the first fixing hole are recorded as (X 3 ，Y 3 ) The center coordinates of the second fixing hole are (X) 4 ，Y 4 ) Offset Δy=y 3 -Y 4 。
6. A method of measuring pitch of a helicopter final drive strut as claimed in claim 5 wherein said leveling based on pitch comprises:
if H 1 Greater than H 2 The rotation height adjusting member lifts the second supporting portion to adjust to H 1 =H 2 ；
If H 1 Less than H 2 The rotation height adjusting member descends the second supporting portion to adjust to H 1 =H 2 。
7. The helicopter main reducer stay bar hole center distance measurement method of claim 5, wherein the leveling according to the circle center offset of the first fixed hole and the second fixed hole comprises:
if DeltaY is larger than 0, decreasing the height of the gauge block in the positive direction of the Y axis or increasing the height of the gauge block in the negative direction of the Y axis, and adjusting to Y 3 =Y 4 ；
If DeltaY is smaller than 0, increasing the height of the gauge block in the positive direction of the Y axis or reducing the height of the gauge block in the negative direction of the Y axis, and adjusting to Y 3 =Y 4 。
8. A method of measuring pitch of a helicopter main reducer strut as claimed in claim 3 or 5, further comprising:
measuring the center coordinates of the universal bearing hole, the first fixing hole and the second fixing hole after leveling,
the coordinates of the universal bearing hole are recorded as (X) a ,Y b ) The coordinates of the first fixing hole are noted as (X c ,Y d ) The coordinates of the second fixing hole are noted as (X e ,Y f ）；
And calculating the hole center distance according to the circle center coordinates of the universal bearing hole, the first fixing hole and the second fixing hole.
9. The helicopter main reducer strut hole pitch measurement method of claim 8, wherein prior to the hole pitch calculation step, the helicopter main reducer strut hole pitch measurement method further comprises:
and compensating errors, namely compensating the circle center coordinate values of the universal bearing hole, the first fixing hole and the second fixing hole.
10. A method of measuring pitch of a helicopter final drive strut as claimed in claim 9 wherein said error compensating step comprises:
calculating uncertainty component u introduced by measurement repeatability 1 ，
The standard deviation of a single experiment is calculated by adopting a Bessel formula:，
wherein the uncertainty component u 1 =s; n is the number of measurements;is the average value of the 1 st to i th measurement results; x is X i The measurement results of the 1 st to the i th times respectively;
calculating a standard uncertainty component u introduced by an indication error of a three-coordinate measuring machine 2 ，
Uncertainty component u 2 =a/k
Wherein a is the interval half width, and k is the inclusion factor;
calculating a standard uncertainty component u introduced by a three-coordinate measurement detection error 3 ，
Uncertainty component u 3 =a/k
Wherein a is the interval half width, and k is the inclusion factor;
calculating a standard uncertainty component u introduced by temperature difference of a measured piece and a three-coordinate measuring machine 4 ，
In this step, uncertainty component u 4 =Ls×α×△t/Wherein Ls is the length variation, alpha is the temperature expansion coefficient, and Deltat is the half width of the temperature interval;
calculating uncertainty component u introduced by leveling method 5 ，
u 5 =b/k
Wherein b is an axis parallelism adjustment error, and k is a inclusion factor;
degree of uncertainty u of synthesis criterion c ，，
Calculating correction value U, and calculating correction value u=ku in X-axis and Y-axis directions, respectively c ，
Wherein k=2 or 3;
respectively recording correction values in X-axis direction as U X The correction values in the Y-axis direction are recorded as U respectively Y ；
Calculating the center coordinates of the corrected universal bearing hole, the corrected first fixing hole and the corrected second fixing hole, and calculating the center coordinates of the corrected universal bearing hole, the corrected first fixing hole and the corrected second fixing hole according to the center coordinates of the universal bearing hole, the corrected first fixing hole and the corrected second fixing hole and the corrected value U;
wherein the center coordinates of the corrected universal bearing hole are (X a +U X ,Y b +U Y ) The center coordinates of the first fixing hole are (X c +U X ，Y d +U Y ) The center of the second fixing hole has a coordinate of (X e +U X ,Y f +U Y ）。
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