CN110977374A - Railway container flatcar lock seat assembling method and assembling tool - Google Patents
Railway container flatcar lock seat assembling method and assembling tool Download PDFInfo
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- CN110977374A CN110977374A CN201911174388.6A CN201911174388A CN110977374A CN 110977374 A CN110977374 A CN 110977374A CN 201911174388 A CN201911174388 A CN 201911174388A CN 110977374 A CN110977374 A CN 110977374A
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23P—METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; COMBINED OPERATIONS; UNIVERSAL MACHINE TOOLS
- B23P19/00—Machines for simply fitting together or separating metal parts or objects, or metal and non-metal parts, whether or not involving some deformation; Tools or devices therefor so far as not provided for in other classes
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23P—METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; COMBINED OPERATIONS; UNIVERSAL MACHINE TOOLS
- B23P19/00—Machines for simply fitting together or separating metal parts or objects, or metal and non-metal parts, whether or not involving some deformation; Tools or devices therefor so far as not provided for in other classes
- B23P19/10—Aligning parts to be fitted together
Abstract
The invention discloses a railway container flat car lock seat assembling method and an assembling tool, wherein the method comprises the following steps: a lock seat horizontal device is arranged on a tool platform of the lock seat assembly jig, the horizontal height difference of each position on the upper surface of the lock seat horizontal device is less than or equal to 0.5mm and is parallel to a detection plane of the chassis horizontal jig, and the upper surface is used as a reference horizontal plane; after the underframe is positioned, detecting the horizontal state of the underframe by taking the reference horizontal plane as a detection reference, judging whether the horizontal state is consistent with the contrast horizontal state or not, and adjusting the horizontal state of the underframe if the horizontal state is not consistent with the contrast horizontal state; and detecting height data of typical characteristics of the chassis by taking the reference horizontal plane as a detection reference, judging whether the horizontal state of the lock seat mounting surface meets the design requirement, if not, processing and adjusting the lock seat mounting surface, and finally, mounting the lock seat on the lock seat mounting surface which is qualified in detection. By adopting the assembling method, the installation beat of the lock seat is two persons and three trolleys per shift, and the detection qualification rate after the lock seat is assembled is 100 percent.
Description
Technical Field
The application belongs to the technical field of railway container flat car assembly, and particularly relates to a railway container flat car lock seat assembly method and an assembly tool.
Background
Along with the national economic development and the environmental protection requirement, the demand of adopting the railway transportation container flat car is more and more increased. The underframe of the railway container flat car is generally provided with a plurality of lock seats, such as a PN triple articulated container flat car, and the railway container flat car is provided with 12 lock seats (4 lock seats are arranged on a single underframe, 2 lock seats are arranged on each side of the underframe), so that two 20-foot containers or one 40-foot container can be loaded simultaneously. The height difference of the bearing surfaces of the lock seats of the same container is less than or equal to 6mm, and for a part of railway container flat cars with higher requirements, the bearing surface of a single lock seat is required to be 28 +/-3 mm relative to the plane on the center sill.
The production operation flow of the railway container flat car in the prior art is as follows: assembling and welding the bottom frame, assembling the lock seat, welding the bottom frame again, and horizontally adjusting and checking the bottom frame. In the above-mentioned operation flow, the assembly of the chassis, the welding of turning over, and the assembly of the lock base are all finished in the assembly tire of the lock base, and the horizontal adjustment and verification of the chassis are finished in the horizontal tire of the chassis.
Referring to fig. 1 and 2, the specific operation steps of the lock seat assembly are as follows:
(1) the tool is set up: an upper center plate support 60 is arranged on the lock seat assembly jig tooling platform 10, the horizontal height difference between the horizontal tire of the underframe and the center plate support surface supported by the two upper center plates of the lock seat assembly jig is less than or equal to 1mm, and the horizontal error of each position of the center plate support surface supported by a single upper center plate is less than or equal to 0.5 mm.
(2) The bottom frame is located: the turned-over chassis 20 is placed on the lock seat assembly jig, and the upper core plate 23 of the chassis 20 is surely placed on the upper core plate support 60, and the upper core plate support 20 serves as an installation reference for the lock seat installation.
(3) And (3) detecting a lock seat mounting surface: placing the long flat rule 30 on the upper plane 221 of the middle beam of the underframe, placing the horizontal rule 40 on the long flat rule 30, and measuring whether the height dimensions of the lock seat mounting surface 211 and the long flat rule 30 meet the design requirements by using a measuring tape as shown in fig. 1 and 2; if the measured data does not meet the requirement, the lock seat mounting surface is polished or overlaid according to the measured data.
And (4) repeating the step (3) of detecting the mounting surface of the lock seat after polishing or surfacing until the mounting surface is qualified.
(4) Assembling a lock seat: the lock housing 50 is mounted on the lock housing mounting surface 211 that is qualified for inspection.
The existing lock seat assembling method is to assemble the lock seat by matching a long flat rule, a level ruler and a tape measure, and needs three persons to work in a matching way. Whether a horizontal ruler is horizontal or not is confirmed by visual observation of one person on the upper portion of the underframe, the height data of the installation surfaces of the lock seats are measured on the two sides of the underframe respectively by two persons, polishing and surfacing are carried out, in addition, the horizontal state of the horizontal ruler and the height data of the installation surfaces of the lock seats need to be confirmed repeatedly in the operation process, the assembling efficiency of the lock seats is low, and potential safety hazards of falling exist for operators on the upper portion of the underframe.
After the lock seat is assembled by adopting the existing lock seat assembling method, the height difference of the lock seat is measured by the lock seat assembling jig to be qualified, when the chassis is hung to the horizontal jig of the chassis, the height data of the lock seat relative to the upper plane of the middle beam can have errors, so that the inspection is unqualified, the chassis needs to be adjusted, and in case of serious condition, the lock seat needs to be returned to the lock seat assembling jig to be reinstalled. The high requirements and low efficiency of lock seat assembly become bottlenecks that restrict the production of railway container flat cars.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to solve the technical problems, the invention provides a railway container flatcar lock seat assembling method and an assembling tool, which solve the problem of poor relative height difference after the lock seat is assembled, improve the operation efficiency and safety and reduce the production cost.
The technical scheme adopted for realizing the aim of the invention is that the method for assembling the lock seats of the railway container flat car comprises the following steps that more than 2 lock seats are arranged on the underframe of the railway container flat car, and the lock seats are arranged on the lock seat mounting positions of the underframe:
the bottom frame is located: placing the underframe on the lock seat assembling jig; a tool platform of the lock seat assembling jig is provided with a lock seat horizontal device, the horizontal height difference of each position of the upper surface of the lock seat horizontal device is less than or equal to 0.5mm and is parallel to a detection plane of the chassis horizontal jig, and the upper surface is used as a reference horizontal plane;
chassis detection: detecting the horizontal state of the underframe by taking a reference horizontal plane as a detection reference, and judging whether the horizontal state is consistent with a comparison horizontal state, wherein the comparison horizontal state is the horizontal state of the underframe on the horizontal tire of the underframe detected according to the detection plane; if not, adjusting the horizontal state of the underframe;
and (3) detecting a lock seat mounting surface: detecting and adjusting qualified height data of typical characteristics of the underframe by taking a reference horizontal plane as a detection reference, judging whether the horizontal state of a lock seat mounting surface of more than 2 lock seat mounting positions meets the design requirement or not according to the height data, and if not, processing and adjusting the lock seat mounting surface according to the height data;
assembling a lock seat: and installing the lock base on more than 2 lock base installation surfaces which are qualified in detection.
Further, the lock seat horizontal device comprises more than 2 lock seat horizontal detection plates, the more than 2 lock seat horizontal detection plates are installed on the tooling platform at intervals, so that after the chassis is located, the more than 2 lock seat horizontal detection plates are distributed on two sides of the chassis, and at least 2 lock seat horizontal detection plates are distributed on two sides of the chassis and are close to the lock seat installation positions.
Further, before the chassis step of falling to the position, still include the frock and set up the step, the frock sets up, includes:
more than 2 lock seat horizontal detection plates are installed on the tooling platform at intervals, the height of the upper surface of the more than 2 lock seat horizontal detection plates is detected through a detection device, and the installation height of the more than 2 lock seat horizontal detection plates is adjusted according to a detection result, so that a horizontal plane which has the horizontal height difference of less than or equal to 0.5mm and is parallel to the detection plane is formed on the upper surface of the more than 2 lock seat horizontal detection plates.
Further, the tool setting step further comprises:
the tool platform is provided with horizontal adjusting supports with the same number as the lock seats, and the positions of the horizontal adjusting supports are adjusted by more than 2, so that after the chassis is located, the horizontal adjusting supports are respectively located below the lock seat installation positions by more than 2.
Furthermore, an upper center plate support is arranged on the tool platform;
in the step of positioning the underframe, the positioning of the underframe on the lock seat assembly jig comprises:
the underframe is hoisted into the lock seat assembly jig, the position of the underframe is adjusted, an upper center plate of the underframe is ensured to fall on the upper center plate support, and simultaneously more than 2 lock seat installation positions respectively fall on more than 2 horizontal adjustment supports;
in the chassis detecting step, the horizontal state of the chassis is adjusted by the horizontal adjusting support.
Further, in the step of detecting the lock seat mounting surface, height data of typical features of the underframe qualified for detection and adjustment are detected by taking a reference horizontal plane as a detection reference, and the method includes the following steps:
arranging a long flat ruler on the lock seat horizontal detection plate close to the lock seat installation position, wherein the lower surface of the long flat ruler is tightly attached to the reference horizontal plane, and detecting height data of typical characteristics of the underframe relative to the lower surface of the long flat ruler by taking the lower surface of the long flat ruler as a detection reference;
the typical features include more than 2 of the lock seat mounting surfaces and/or the center sill upper plane of the underframe.
Further, in the step of detecting the installation surface of the lock holder, determining whether the horizontal state of the installation surface of the lock holder of more than 2 installation positions of the lock holder meets the design requirement according to the height data includes:
and acquiring the horizontal height difference between more than 2 lock seat mounting surfaces and/or the horizontal height difference between more than 2 lock seat mounting surfaces and the upper plane of the center sill according to the height data, and judging whether the horizontal height difference meets the design requirement.
Further, the step of detecting the chassis, which uses a reference horizontal plane as a detection reference, detects a horizontal state of the chassis, and determines whether the horizontal state is consistent with a reference horizontal state, includes:
selecting more than 2 calibration points on the bottom frame, wherein the more than 2 calibration points are distributed at intervals and are distributed on two sides of the bottom frame;
and detecting the horizontal height difference of more than 2 calibration points by taking a reference horizontal plane as a detection reference, comparing the detected data with the horizontal height difference of more than 2 calibration points on the horizontal tire of the underframe, which is detected by the detection plane, and judging whether the two horizontal height differences are consistent.
Further, in the chassis detecting step, selecting more than 2 index points on the chassis includes:
and selecting one lock seat mounting position from two sides of the bottom frame as the calibration point, wherein one lock seat mounting position is close to one end of the bottom frame, and the other lock seat mounting position is close to the other end of the bottom frame.
Further, in the lock base installation surface detection step, the processing and adjustment of the lock base installation surface according to the height data includes:
and carrying out polishing or surfacing on the lock seat mounting surface according to the height data, and then repeating the lock seat mounting surface detection step until the horizontal state of more than 2 lock seat mounting surfaces meets the design requirement.
Based on the same invention concept, the invention also provides an assembly tool for implementing the railway container flat car lock seat assembly method, which comprises the tool platform, wherein a lock seat horizontal device is arranged on the tool platform, the horizontal height difference of each position on the upper surface of the lock seat horizontal device is less than or equal to 0.5mm, the upper surface is parallel to the detection plane of the chassis horizontal tire, the upper surface forms the reference horizontal plane of the chassis detection step and the lock seat installation surface detection step, and a lock seat assembly area for placing the chassis and carrying out lock seat assembly is formed in the area between the tool platform and the lock seat horizontal device.
Preferably, the lock seat horizontal device comprises more than 2 lock seat horizontal detection plates, and the horizontal height difference of the upper surfaces of the more than 2 lock seat horizontal detection plates is less than or equal to 0.5 mm;
more than 2 lock seat horizontal detection boards are installed at intervals, so that after the bottom frame is located, more than 2 lock seat horizontal detection boards are distributed on two sides of the bottom frame, and at least 2 lock seat horizontal detection boards distributed on two sides of the bottom frame are close to the lock seat installation positions.
Preferably, the lock seat horizontal device is provided with a long flat ruler, the long flat ruler is arranged on at least 2 lock seat horizontal detection plates close to the lock seat installation position, and the lower surface of the long flat ruler is tightly attached to the upper surface of the lock seat horizontal detection plate.
Preferably, the tooling platform is further provided with more than 2 horizontal adjustment supports, the more than 2 horizontal adjustment supports are distributed at intervals, and after the chassis is located, the more than 2 horizontal adjustment supports are respectively located below the lock seat mounting positions.
Preferably, the tooling platform is provided with an upper center plate support, and after the bottom frame is located, the upper center plate of the bottom frame is located on the upper center plate support.
According to the technical scheme, the lock seat horizontal device is installed on the tool platform of the lock seat assembly jig, the horizontal height difference of each position on the upper surface of the lock seat horizontal device is less than or equal to 0.5mm and is parallel to the detection plane of the chassis horizontal jig, and the upper surface of the lock seat horizontal device is used as the reference horizontal plane for subsequent chassis detection and lock seat mounting surface detection, so that the conversion from the chassis horizontal jig to the reference plane of the lock seat assembly jig is realized.
Researches show that in the prior art, the phenomenon that the height difference of the lock base is qualified when the lock base assembling tire is used for measuring the height difference of the lock base, and the phenomenon that a vehicle is lifted to the chassis horizontal tire is unqualified is caused, mainly because the measuring standards of the lock base assembling tire, the core disc bearing surface and the chassis horizontal tire are difficult to keep consistent, so that a large measuring error occurs between two tire membranes (the lock base assembling tire and the chassis horizontal tire) of the chassis. For example, the distance between the centers of the two lock seats in the transverse direction (chassis width direction) is 2260mm, the width of the upper core plate support is 350mm, theoretically, the horizontal measurement error of the same chassis on the two tire molds can reach 2260/350 × 1mm to 6.5mm (in the formula, "1" is the theoretical maximum value of the horizontal error of the upper core plate support surfaces of the two tire molds), and the height difference allowed by the technical requirements is already exceeded.
In the step of detecting the underframe, the horizontal state of the underframe is detected by taking a reference horizontal plane as a detection reference, the horizontal state of the underframe is adjusted according to detection data, and the horizontal state of the underframe in the lock seat assembly tire is adjusted to be consistent with the horizontal state of the underframe in the underframe horizontal tire. At the moment, the horizontal state of the underframe is determined by the reference horizontal plane determined by the lock seat horizontal device (in the prior art, the horizontal state is determined by the support of the upper center plate, and the support of the upper center plate is used as the support and the assembly reference), and the reference horizontal plane can cover the whole underframe, so that the horizontal state of the underframe from the horizontal tire of the underframe to the assembly tire of the lock seat is restored, and the relative horizontal height difference tolerance after the lock seat is assembled is eliminated.
The invention provides a railway container flat car lock seat assembly method, wherein the lock seat installation surface detection step also takes a reference horizontal plane as a detection reference, and the flatness of the reference horizontal plane is good and is parallel to a detection plane of a horizontal tire of an underframe (the parallelism is less than or equal to 0.5mm), and the lock seat installation surface detection step is carried out on the underframe which is restored to the horizontal state, so that the lock seat assembly tire is detected to be qualified after the lock seat is installed, and the lock seat assembly tire is also qualified when the lock seat assembly tire is transferred to the horizontal tire of the underframe for detection, thereby greatly improving the product qualification rate, and the detection qualification rate can reach 100%.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a diagram illustrating an assembly of a prior art lock base;
FIG. 2 is a side view of FIG. 1;
fig. 3 is a structural diagram of an implementation of the method for assembling the lock seat of the railway container flat car in embodiment 1 of the invention;
fig. 4 is a side view of fig. 3.
Description of reference numerals: 10-a tooling platform; 20-bottom frame, 21-lock seat installation position, 22-center beam, 221-center beam upper plane, 23-upper center plate; 30-long flat rule; 40-a horizontal ruler; 50-a lock seat; 60-upper center plate support; 70-lock seat horizontal device, 71-lock seat horizontal detection plate; 80-horizontal adjustment support; 90-reference level; 100-lock seat assembly area.
Detailed Description
In order to make the present application more clearly understood by those skilled in the art to which the present application pertains, the following detailed description of the present application is made with reference to the accompanying drawings by way of specific embodiments.
Example 1:
the embodiment of the invention provides a method for assembling lock seats of a railway container flat car, which is suitable for various types of railway container flat cars, wherein more than 2 lock seats are arranged on a chassis of the railway container flat car, the lock seats are arranged on lock seat mounting positions of the chassis, the lock seats are generally arranged in pairs, namely, the lock seats are symmetrically distributed on two sides of the chassis (two sides of the chassis are two sides taking a middle beam of the chassis as an axis, specifically two long sides of the chassis; two ends of the corresponding chassis are two axial ends, namely two short sides of the chassis), and a locking device for fixing a container is arranged on the lock seats.
Referring to fig. 3 and 4, the method for assembling the lock seat of the railway container flat car comprises the following steps:
s1, tool setting:
and installing a lock seat horizontal device 70 on the tooling platform 10 of the lock seat assembling jig, and adjusting the lock seat horizontal device 70 to ensure that the horizontal height difference of each part of the upper surface of the lock seat horizontal device 70 is less than or equal to 0.5mm and is parallel to the detection plane of the chassis horizontal jig, wherein the upper surface is used as the reference horizontal plane 90 for assembling the lock seat.
Specifically, in this embodiment, the lock seat level device 70 includes more than 2 lock seat level detection boards 71, and the lock seat level detection boards 71 are installed on the tooling platform 10 through bolts, and in actual operation, waste gas channel steel, angle steel or steel plate can be adopted, and the welding is a door-shaped structure or a T-shaped structure, and the installation height of the lock seat level detection boards 71 on the tooling platform 10 is adjustable.
In the above-mentioned frock setting step, install lock seat level device 70 on frock platform 10, adjust lock seat level device 70 to make the difference in level everywhere of lock seat level device 70's upper surface be less than or equal to 0.5mm, and be on a parallel with the detection plane of chassis horizontal child, specifically include:
more than 2 lock seat horizontal detection plates 71 are installed on the tooling platform 10 at intervals, so that after the underframe 20 is located, more than 2 lock seat horizontal detection plates 71 are distributed on two sides of the underframe 20, and at least 2 lock seat horizontal detection plates 71 distributed on two sides of the underframe 20 are close to the lock seat installation positions 21, so that the detection is carried out smoothly.
The lock seat horizontal detection plate 71 on one side of the underframe can be set to be equal to the underframe, and can also be set to be a plurality of short sections distributed at intervals. Because the length of chassis is longer (more than 10m), and lock seat 50 generally distributes in the middle part of chassis, in order to reduce the use of steel, in this embodiment, the both sides of chassis respectively set up 3 lock seat horizontal detection boards 71 at least, and 3 lock seat horizontal detection boards 71 distribute respectively in both ends and the middle part lock seat place of chassis unilateral, as shown in fig. 3, the lock seat horizontal detection board 71 length that is located the middle part satisfies the installation position that covers each lock seat can.
In the installation process of the lock seat horizontal detection plate 71, the height of the upper surface of each lock seat horizontal detection plate 71 is detected through a level meter or other detection devices capable of detecting levelness, the horizontal height difference between the upper surfaces of the lock seat horizontal detection plates 71 is obtained, and the installation height of each lock seat horizontal detection plate 71 is adjusted according to the detection result, so that the horizontal height difference of less than or equal to 0.5mm and parallel to the detection plane is formed on the upper surface of each lock seat horizontal detection plate 71. If the length of the single lock seat horizontal detection plate 71 is long, the horizontal height difference of all the positions of the upper surface of the single lock seat horizontal detection plate 71 is required to be less than or equal to 0.5mm in the installation process.
Because the subsequent process needs to adjust the horizontal state of the bottom frame, the height of the bottom frame is adjusted through the horizontal adjusting support 80 in the embodiment for convenient and accurate adjustment. The installation step of the leveling supports 80 is also completed in the tooling setting step. Since the inspection object of the qualified lock base assembly is the height difference of the lock base mounting surface, in this embodiment, each horizontal adjustment support 80 is mounted according to the lock base distribution structure of the underframe to be detected.
Specifically, the tool platform 10 of the lock seat assembly jig is provided with horizontal adjustment supports 80 with the same number as the number of the lock seats, and the positions of more than 2 horizontal adjustment supports 80 are adjusted to keep the same distribution structure with the lock seats of the underframe to be detected.
S2, chassis positioning: the chassis 20 is seated in the lock housing assembly jig.
The tooling platform 10 is provided with an upper center plate support 60, after the bottom frame 20 is hung into the lock base assembly tire, the position of the bottom frame 20 is adjusted to ensure that the upper center plate 23 of the bottom frame 20 falls on the upper center plate support 60, and at the moment, the upper center plate support 60 only plays a supporting role and is not used as a reference for lock base installation. When the upper center plate 23 is in place, more than 2 lock seat mounting positions 21 are respectively placed on more than 2 horizontal adjusting supports 80.
S3, chassis detection: the horizontal state of the base frame 20 is detected based on the reference horizontal plane 90, and whether the detected horizontal state is consistent with the comparison horizontal state is determined, and if not, the horizontal state of the base frame 20 is adjusted. The control horizontal state is a horizontal state detected by the detection plane when the underframe 20 is on the underframe horizontal tire.
Specifically, after the underframe is turned over and welded and before the lock seat is assembled, the underframe 20 is firstly hung into the horizontal underframe tyre for detection, the operation is to measure the horizontal state of the underframe 20 on the horizontal underframe tyre, and the operation can be carried out simultaneously with the tool setting in the step S1 due to different stations.
The horizontal state of the chassis is characterized by the horizontal height difference of different parts of the chassis. Specifically, in this embodiment, more than 2 calibration points are selected on the bottom chassis, and the more than 2 calibration points are distributed at intervals and distributed on two sides of the bottom chassis 20, and preferably, the lock seat mounting positions located on two sides of the bottom chassis are used as the calibration points. In a preferred embodiment, one lock seat mounting location 21 is selected as a calibration point on each of two sides of the bottom chassis 20, and one of the two selected lock seat mounting locations 21 is close to one end of the bottom chassis 20, and the other is close to the other end of the bottom chassis 20, that is, the two selected lock seat mounting locations 21 should be distributed in a staggered manner. The two lock seat mounting positions 21 which are positioned on the two sides of the underframe and distributed in a staggered manner are used as calibration points, so that all main functional areas of the underframe can be completely covered, and the detection error is reduced to the minimum.
The horizontal state of the chassis 20, that is, the difference in the horizontal heights of more than 2 index points is detected. And marking the horizontal height of the detected calibration point on the corresponding calibration point on the horizontal tire of the underframe when the detection plane is taken as the reference horizontal level, and recording the horizontal height difference of more than 2 calibration points. After the underframe is hoisted into the lock base assembly tire, the horizontal height of more than 2 calibration points is detected by taking the reference horizontal plane 90 as a detection reference, and the horizontal height difference of more than 2 calibration points is recorded. By judging whether the two horizontal height differences are consistent or not, whether the horizontal state of the underframe on the lock seat assembling tire is consistent with the horizontal state of the underframe on the underframe horizontal tire can be determined.
If not, the horizontal position of the chassis 20 needs to be adjusted until the same position is maintained. Specifically, the height of each lock seat mounting position of the underframe is adjusted by the horizontal adjusting support 80, so that the horizontal state of the index point is consistent with that of the underframe when the tyre is horizontal, as shown in fig. 4. The horizontal adjustment support 80 may be an air cylinder, a jack, or the like, and should be kept in a current state after adjustment is completed until the lock base is installed.
S4, detecting the lock seat mounting surface 211: and detecting height data of the qualified typical characteristics of the chassis 20 by taking the reference horizontal plane 90 as a detection reference, judging whether the horizontal state of the lock seat mounting surface 211 of more than 2 lock seat mounting positions 21 meets the design requirement or not according to the height data, and processing and adjusting the lock seat mounting surface 211 according to the height data if the horizontal state does not meet the design requirement.
Since the reference horizontal plane 90 is a virtual horizontal plane, the virtual horizontal plane needs to be visualized in the actual detection step, specifically, in this embodiment, the long flat ruler 30 is disposed on the two lock seat horizontal detection plates 71 close to the lock seat mounting positions 21, the lower surface of the long flat ruler 30 is closely attached to the upper surface of the lock seat horizontal detection plate 71, and the lower surface of the long flat ruler 30 is also used as the reference horizontal plane 90.
Detecting height data of typical features of the chassis 20 with respect to the lower surface of the long flat rule with the lower surface of the long flat rule 30 as a detection reference; the items specifically included in the typical feature depend on the design requirements of the chassis, for example, when the horizontal height difference between the mounting surfaces of 4 lock holders of the chassis is required to be not more than a set value in the process of delivery, the typical feature only includes each lock holder mounting surface 211. For example, in the inspection, the horizontal height difference between the mounting surfaces of the 4 lock sockets of the underframe is required not to exceed the set value, and the distance between the lock socket mounting surface 211 and the center sill upper plane 221 is within the set range, then the typical characteristic also includes the center sill upper plane 221 of the underframe 20.
And acquiring the horizontal height difference between more than 2 lock base mounting surfaces 211 and/or the horizontal height difference between more than 2 lock base mounting surfaces 211 and the upper plane 221 of the center sill according to the detected height data, and judging whether the horizontal height difference meets the design requirement. The reference horizontal plane formed by the lock base horizontal detection plate 71 is stable and has high accuracy, so that the cooperation operation of a horizontal ruler is not needed when the lock base is assembled.
If the above design requirements are satisfied, the lock base 50 can be directly installed. If the design requirement is not met, the lock seat mounting surface 211 is machined and adjusted according to the detected height data. In actual operation, the lock base 50 can be placed on each lock base mounting position 21 in advance, the distance from the upper surface (lock base bearing surface) of the lock base 50 to the lower surface of the long flat rule 30 is detected during detection, the lock base 50 is measured and polished in advance, the thickness is uniform and uniform, the surface quality is good, and the detected data is added with the thickness of the lock base 50, namely the height of the lock base mounting surface 211.
When the detection is qualified, the lock seat 50 can be directly connected with the lock seat mounting surface 211, as shown in fig. 4; if the detection is not qualified, the lock seat 50 is taken down, the lock seat mounting surface 211 is polished or overlaid, and the step S3 is repeated after the processing until the horizontal state of more than 2 lock seat mounting surfaces 211 meets the design requirement.
S5, assembling the lock seat: the lock holders 50 are mounted on more than 2 lock holder mounting surfaces 211 qualified in detection.
Example 2:
based on the same inventive concept, the embodiment of the invention provides an assembly tool, and the assembly tool is used for implementing the method for assembling the lock seat of the railway container flat car in the embodiment 1.
Referring to fig. 3 and 4, the assembly fixture includes a fixture platform 10, the fixture platform 10 is a steel structure, and the steel structure fixture of the existing lock seat assembly jig can be directly adopted. The steel structure frock of current lock seat equipment child is provided with last heart dish and supports 60, and after chassis 20 fell the position, the last heart dish 23 of chassis 20 fell on last heart dish supports 60, because steel structure frock and last heart dish support 60 all only play the effect of supporting the chassis, so this embodiment does not do the restriction to the plane degree of steel structure frock and last heart dish support 60.
The tool platform 10 is provided with a lock seat horizontal device 70 and more than 2 horizontal adjusting supports 80, the horizontal height difference of each position of the upper surface of the lock seat horizontal device 70 is less than or equal to 0.5mm, the upper surface is parallel to the detection plane of the chassis horizontal tire, the upper surface forms a reference horizontal plane 90 of the chassis detection step and the lock seat installation surface 211 detection step, a lock seat assembly area 100 for placing the chassis 20 and carrying out lock seat assembly is formed in the area between the tool platform 10 and the lock seat horizontal device 70, and the upper surface of the lock seat horizontal device 70 forms the reference horizontal plane 90 of the lock seat assembly area 100.
Specifically, in the present embodiment, the lock base leveling device 70 includes more than 2 lock base leveling plates 71, and the leveling height difference of the upper surfaces of the more than 2 lock base leveling plates 71 is less than or equal to 0.5 mm. More than 2 lock seat horizontal detection plates 71 are installed at intervals, so that after the underframe 20 is located, more than 2 lock seat horizontal detection plates 71 are distributed on two sides of the underframe 20, and at least 2 lock seat horizontal detection plates 71 distributed on two sides of the underframe 20 are close to the lock seat installation positions 21.
Specifically, in this embodiment, lock seat horizontal detection board 71 is the steel construction, installs on frock platform 10 through the bolt, and in actual operation, can adopt waste gas channel-section steel, angle steel or steel sheet, the welding is door type structure or T type structure, and the mounting height of lock seat horizontal detection board 71 on frock platform 10 is adjustable.
The lock seat horizontal detection plate 71 on one side of the underframe can be set to be equal to the underframe, and can also be set to be a plurality of short sections distributed at intervals. Because the length of chassis is longer (more than 10m), and lock seat 50 generally distributes in the middle part of chassis, in order to reduce the use of steel, in this embodiment, the both sides of chassis respectively set up 3 lock seat horizontal detection boards 71 at least, and 3 lock seat horizontal detection boards 71 distribute respectively in both ends and the middle part lock seat place of chassis unilateral, as shown in fig. 3, the lock seat horizontal detection board 71 length that is located the middle part satisfies the installation position that covers each lock seat can.
In the installation process of the lock seat horizontal detection plate 71, the height of the upper surface of each lock seat horizontal detection plate 71 is detected through a level meter or other detection devices capable of detecting levelness, the horizontal height difference between the upper surfaces of the lock seat horizontal detection plates 71 is obtained, and the installation height of each lock seat horizontal detection plate 71 is adjusted according to the detection result, so that the horizontal height difference of less than or equal to 0.5mm and parallel to the detection plane is formed on the upper surface of each lock seat horizontal detection plate 71. If the length of the single lock seat horizontal detection plate 71 is long, the horizontal height difference of all the positions of the upper surface of the single lock seat horizontal detection plate 71 is required to be less than or equal to 0.5mm in the installation process.
The number of the horizontal adjusting supports 80 and the distribution structure on the tooling platform 10 are consistent with the lock seats of the bottom frame, that is, more than 2 horizontal adjusting supports 80 are distributed at intervals according to the distribution structure of the lock seats on the bottom frame, so that after the bottom frame 20 is located, more than 2 horizontal adjusting supports 80 can be respectively located below more than 2 lock seat installation positions 21. The horizontal adjustment support 80 is a telescopic device, and can be selected from a cylinder, a jack and the like, and the current state should be kept after the adjustment is finished until the installation of the lock base is finished.
Since the reference horizontal plane 90 formed by the 2 or more lock base horizontal detection plates 71 is a virtual horizontal plane, it is necessary to visualize the virtual horizontal plane in the actual detection. Specifically, in this embodiment, the lock housing level device 70 is provided with a long flat ruler, the long flat ruler is placed on at least 2 lock housing level detection plates 71 close to the lock housing installation position 21, the lower surface of the long flat ruler is closely attached to the upper surface of the lock housing level detection plate 71, and the lower surface of the long flat ruler 30 is also used as the reference level 90.
Through the embodiment, the invention has the following beneficial effects or advantages:
1) the railway container flat car lock seat assembling method is used for railway container flat car lock seat assembling operation, frequent horizontal state measurement in the lock seat assembling process can be avoided, operating personnel are reduced, lock seat installation is changed from two cars per shift for three persons into three cars per shift for two persons, and production efficiency is improved. The assembling method of the railway container flat car lock seat can complete the assembling work of the railway container flat car lock seat safely, efficiently and at low cost, the detection qualification rate after the lock seat is assembled is 100 percent, and the product quality is improved.
2) According to the tool for assembling the lock seat of the railway container flat car, the lock seat horizontal device is arranged on the tool platform of the lock seat assembling jig, the horizontal height difference of each position on the upper surface of the lock seat horizontal device is less than or equal to 0.5mm and is parallel to the detection plane of the chassis horizontal jig, and the upper surface of the lock seat horizontal device can be used as a reference horizontal plane for chassis detection and lock seat installation surface detection, so that the conversion from the chassis horizontal jig to the reference plane of the lock seat assembling jig is realized. Because the reference horizontal plane that the lock seat levelling device constitutes is stable and the accuracy is high, consequently no longer need the spirit level cooperation operation when the lock seat is assembled.
While the preferred embodiments of the present application have been described, additional variations and modifications in those embodiments may occur to those skilled in the art once they learn of the basic inventive concepts. Therefore, it is intended that the appended claims be interpreted as including preferred embodiments and all alterations and modifications as fall within the scope of the application.
It will be apparent to those skilled in the art that 2 or more changes and modifications may be made to the present application without departing from the spirit and scope of the application. Thus, if such modifications and variations of the present application fall within the scope of the claims of the present application and their equivalents, the present application is intended to include such modifications and variations as well.
Claims (15)
1. The method for assembling the lock seats of the railway container flat car is characterized by comprising the following steps of:
the bottom frame is located: placing the underframe on the lock seat assembling jig; a tool platform of the lock seat assembling jig is provided with a lock seat horizontal device, the horizontal height difference of each position of the upper surface of the lock seat horizontal device is less than or equal to 0.5mm and is parallel to a detection plane of the chassis horizontal jig, and the upper surface is used as a reference horizontal plane;
chassis detection: detecting the horizontal state of the underframe by taking a reference horizontal plane as a detection reference, and judging whether the horizontal state is consistent with a comparison horizontal state, wherein the comparison horizontal state is the horizontal state of the underframe on the horizontal tire of the underframe detected according to the detection plane; if not, adjusting the horizontal state of the underframe;
and (3) detecting a lock seat mounting surface: detecting and adjusting qualified height data of typical characteristics of the underframe by taking a reference horizontal plane as a detection reference, judging whether the horizontal state of a lock seat mounting surface of more than 2 lock seat mounting positions meets the design requirement or not according to the height data, and if not, processing and adjusting the lock seat mounting surface according to the height data;
assembling a lock seat: and installing the lock base on more than 2 lock base installation surfaces which are qualified in detection.
2. The method of assembling a lock bracket of a railway container flat car as claimed in claim 1, wherein: the lock seat horizontal device comprises more than 2 lock seat horizontal detection plates, the more than 2 lock seat horizontal detection plates are installed on the tooling platform at intervals, so that after the chassis is located, the more than 2 lock seat horizontal detection plates are distributed on two sides of the chassis, and at least 2 lock seat horizontal detection plates are distributed on two sides of the chassis and are close to the lock seat installation positions.
3. The method of assembling a lock bracket of a railway container flat car as claimed in claim 2, wherein: before the chassis step of falling to the position, still include the frock and set up the step, the frock sets up, includes:
more than 2 lock seat horizontal detection plates are installed on the tooling platform at intervals, the height of the upper surface of the more than 2 lock seat horizontal detection plates is detected through a detection device, and the installation height of the more than 2 lock seat horizontal detection plates is adjusted according to a detection result, so that a horizontal plane which has the horizontal height difference of less than or equal to 0.5mm and is parallel to the detection plane is formed on the upper surface of the more than 2 lock seat horizontal detection plates.
4. The method of assembling a lock bracket of a railway container flat car as claimed in claim 3, wherein: the tool setting step further comprises:
the tool platform is provided with horizontal adjusting supports with the same number as the lock seats, and the positions of the horizontal adjusting supports are adjusted by more than 2, so that after the chassis is located, the horizontal adjusting supports are respectively located below the lock seat installation positions by more than 2.
5. The method of assembling a lock bracket of a railway container flat car as claimed in claim 4, wherein: an upper center plate support is arranged on the tool platform;
in the step of positioning the underframe, the positioning of the underframe on the lock seat assembly jig comprises:
the underframe is hoisted into the lock seat assembly jig, the position of the underframe is adjusted, an upper center plate of the underframe is ensured to fall on the upper center plate support, and simultaneously more than 2 lock seat installation positions respectively fall on more than 2 horizontal adjustment supports;
in the chassis detecting step, the horizontal state of the chassis is adjusted by the horizontal adjusting support.
6. The method of assembling a lock bracket of a railway container flat car as claimed in claim 2, wherein: in the step of detecting the installation surface of the lock seat, height data of typical characteristics of the underframe qualified in detection and adjustment by taking a reference horizontal plane as a detection reference comprises the following steps:
arranging a long flat ruler on the lock seat horizontal detection plate close to the lock seat installation position, wherein the lower surface of the long flat ruler is tightly attached to the reference horizontal plane, and detecting height data of typical characteristics of the underframe relative to the lower surface of the long flat ruler by taking the lower surface of the long flat ruler as a detection reference;
the typical features include more than 2 of the lock seat mounting surfaces and/or the center sill upper plane of the underframe.
7. The method of assembling a lock bracket of a railway container flat car of claim 6, wherein: in the step of detecting the installation surface of the lock base, whether the horizontal state of the installation surface of the lock base with more than 2 installation positions of the lock base meets the design requirement or not is judged according to the height data, and the method comprises the following steps:
and acquiring the horizontal height difference between more than 2 lock seat mounting surfaces and/or the horizontal height difference between more than 2 lock seat mounting surfaces and the upper plane of the center sill according to the height data, and judging whether the horizontal height difference meets the design requirement.
8. The method of assembling a lock bracket of a railway container flat car as claimed in claim 1, wherein: in the step of detecting the underframe, the method of detecting the horizontal state of the underframe by taking a reference horizontal plane as a detection reference and judging whether the horizontal state is consistent with a comparison horizontal state comprises the following steps:
selecting more than 2 calibration points on the bottom frame, wherein the more than 2 calibration points are distributed at intervals and are distributed on two sides of the bottom frame;
and detecting the horizontal height difference of more than 2 calibration points by taking a reference horizontal plane as a detection reference, comparing the detected data with the horizontal height difference of more than 2 calibration points on the horizontal tire of the underframe, which is detected by the detection plane, and judging whether the two horizontal height differences are consistent.
9. The method of assembling a lock bracket of a railway container flat car of claim 8, wherein: in the chassis detecting step, selecting more than 2 index points on the chassis, including:
and selecting one lock seat mounting position from two sides of the bottom frame as the calibration point, wherein one lock seat mounting position is close to one end of the bottom frame, and the other lock seat mounting position is close to the other end of the bottom frame.
10. The method of assembling a lock bracket of a railway container flat car as claimed in claim 1, wherein: in the step of detecting the installation surface of the lock seat, the installation surface of the lock seat is processed and adjusted according to the height data, and the method comprises the following steps:
and carrying out polishing or surfacing on the lock seat mounting surface according to the height data, and then repeating the lock seat mounting surface detection step until the horizontal state of more than 2 lock seat mounting surfaces meets the design requirement.
11. An assembly tool for implementing the railway container flatcar lock seat assembly method of any one of claims 1-10, comprising the tool platform, and characterized in that: the fixture platform is provided with a lock seat horizontal device, the horizontal height difference of each position of the upper surface of the lock seat horizontal device is less than or equal to 0.5mm, the upper surface is parallel to the detection plane of the horizontal tire of the chassis, the upper surface forms the reference horizontal plane of the chassis detection step and the lock seat installation surface detection step, and the fixture platform and the lock seat horizontal device form a lock seat assembly area between areas for placing the chassis and carrying out lock seat assembly.
12. The assembly tooling of claim 11, wherein: the lock seat horizontal device comprises more than 2 lock seat horizontal detection plates, and the horizontal height difference of the upper surfaces of the more than 2 lock seat horizontal detection plates is less than or equal to 0.5 mm;
more than 2 lock seat horizontal detection boards are installed at intervals, so that after the bottom frame is located, more than 2 lock seat horizontal detection boards are distributed on two sides of the bottom frame, and at least 2 lock seat horizontal detection boards distributed on two sides of the bottom frame are close to the lock seat installation positions.
13. The assembly tooling of claim 12, wherein: the lock seat horizontal device is provided with a long flat ruler, the long flat ruler is arranged on at least 2 lock seat horizontal detection plates close to the lock seat installation position, and the lower surface of the long flat ruler is tightly attached to the upper surface of the lock seat horizontal detection plate.
14. The assembly tooling of claim 11, wherein: still be provided with more than 2 leveling support on the frock platform, more than 2 leveling support interval distribution, and work as behind the chassis seat, more than 2 leveling support is located more than 2 respectively the below of lock seat installation position.
15. The assembly tooling of claim 11, wherein: the tooling platform is provided with an upper center plate support, and when the bottom frame is located, the upper center plate of the bottom frame is located on the upper center plate support.
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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| CN201911174388.6A CN110977374A (en) | 2019-11-26 | 2019-11-26 | Railway container flatcar lock seat assembling method and assembling tool |
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| CN201911174388.6A CN110977374A (en) | 2019-11-26 | 2019-11-26 | Railway container flatcar lock seat assembling method and assembling tool |
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Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN116766135A (en) * | 2023-08-23 | 2023-09-19 | 成都国营锦江机器厂 | Helicopter main reducer stay bar hole center distance measuring tool and method |
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Cited By (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN116766135A (en) * | 2023-08-23 | 2023-09-19 | 成都国营锦江机器厂 | Helicopter main reducer stay bar hole center distance measuring tool and method |
| CN116766135B (en) * | 2023-08-23 | 2023-11-07 | 成都国营锦江机器厂 | Helicopter main reducer stay bar hole center distance measuring tool and method |
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