CN116751026A - 一种耐水抗霉变石膏砂浆及其制备方法 - Google Patents
一种耐水抗霉变石膏砂浆及其制备方法 Download PDFInfo
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- 239000011426 gypsum mortar Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 46
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 title claims description 21
- 229910052602 gypsum Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 66
- 239000010440 gypsum Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 66
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 44
- 239000004570 mortar (masonry) Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 37
- 239000002893 slag Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 26
- 229940095564 anhydrous calcium sulfate Drugs 0.000 claims abstract description 25
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 15
- AXCZMVOFGPJBDE-UHFFFAOYSA-L calcium dihydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[OH-].[Ca+2] AXCZMVOFGPJBDE-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims abstract description 14
- 239000000920 calcium hydroxide Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 14
- 229910001861 calcium hydroxide Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 14
- 238000006703 hydration reaction Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 238000011049 filling Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 claims description 21
- 230000003449 preventive effect Effects 0.000 claims description 19
- 238000003756 stirring Methods 0.000 claims description 15
- 239000012615 aggregate Substances 0.000 claims description 13
- 150000004683 dihydrates Chemical class 0.000 claims description 13
- 239000003112 inhibitor Substances 0.000 claims description 13
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 12
- VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrochloric acid Chemical compound Cl VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 9
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims description 9
- 108010010803 Gelatin Proteins 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000002639 bone cement Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000004327 boric acid Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- 229920000159 gelatin Polymers 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000008273 gelatin Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- 235000019322 gelatine Nutrition 0.000 claims description 7
- 235000011852 gelatine desserts Nutrition 0.000 claims description 7
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 claims description 7
- 108090000623 proteins and genes Proteins 0.000 claims description 7
- 102000004169 proteins and genes Human genes 0.000 claims description 7
- FAPWRFPIFSIZLT-UHFFFAOYSA-M Sodium chloride Chemical compound [Na+].[Cl-] FAPWRFPIFSIZLT-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 6
- QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sulfuric acid Chemical compound OS(O)(=O)=O QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000013078 crystal Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000002845 discoloration Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- KGBXLFKZBHKPEV-UHFFFAOYSA-N boric acid Chemical compound OB(O)O KGBXLFKZBHKPEV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 125000005619 boric acid group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000010276 construction Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000013538 functional additive Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 150000001413 amino acids Chemical class 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910021538 borax Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000001914 filtration Methods 0.000 claims description 3
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- 229920001184 polypeptide Polymers 0.000 claims description 3
- 102000004196 processed proteins & peptides Human genes 0.000 claims description 3
- 108090000765 processed proteins & peptides Proteins 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000002035 prolonged effect Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000012216 screening Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000011780 sodium chloride Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000004328 sodium tetraborate Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 235000010339 sodium tetraborate Nutrition 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000011734 sodium Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 abstract description 2
- 239000002131 composite material Substances 0.000 abstract description 2
- 239000011148 porous material Substances 0.000 abstract description 2
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- 235000010338 boric acid Nutrition 0.000 description 6
- 239000000654 additive Substances 0.000 description 4
- XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Iron Chemical compound [Fe] XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910004844 Na2B4O7.10H2O Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 230000009471 action Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000000996 additive effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 229910052925 anhydrite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000004566 building material Substances 0.000 description 2
- OSGAYBCDTDRGGQ-UHFFFAOYSA-L calcium sulfate Chemical compound [Ca+2].[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O OSGAYBCDTDRGGQ-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 2
- 239000004568 cement Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000003638 chemical reducing agent Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000007613 environmental effect Effects 0.000 description 2
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- VGVRPFIJEJYOFN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2,3,4,6-tetrachlorophenol Chemical class OC1=C(Cl)C=C(Cl)C(Cl)=C1Cl VGVRPFIJEJYOFN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- BPQQTUXANYXVAA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Orthosilicate Chemical compound [O-][Si]([O-])([O-])[O-] BPQQTUXANYXVAA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910019142 PO4 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000010521 absorption reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000004645 aluminates Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 150000001642 boronic acid derivatives Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000006227 byproduct Substances 0.000 description 1
- PASHVRUKOFIRIK-UHFFFAOYSA-L calcium sulfate dihydrate Chemical compound O.O.[Ca+2].[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O PASHVRUKOFIRIK-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 238000004891 communication Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005034 decoration Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007547 defect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910010272 inorganic material Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011147 inorganic material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000009413 insulation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052742 iron Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000002540 isothiocyanates Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
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- 150000007524 organic acids Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 235000005985 organic acids Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 235000021317 phosphate Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 150000003013 phosphoric acid derivatives Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000004321 preservation Methods 0.000 description 1
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- 235000018102 proteins Nutrition 0.000 description 1
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- 238000007873 sieving Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000010959 steel Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 1
Classifications
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
- C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
- C04B28/00—Compositions of mortars, concrete or artificial stone, containing inorganic binders or the reaction product of an inorganic and an organic binder, e.g. polycarboxylate cements
- C04B28/14—Compositions of mortars, concrete or artificial stone, containing inorganic binders or the reaction product of an inorganic and an organic binder, e.g. polycarboxylate cements containing calcium sulfate cements
- C04B28/16—Compositions of mortars, concrete or artificial stone, containing inorganic binders or the reaction product of an inorganic and an organic binder, e.g. polycarboxylate cements containing calcium sulfate cements containing anhydrite, e.g. Keene's cement
- C04B28/165—Compositions of mortars, concrete or artificial stone, containing inorganic binders or the reaction product of an inorganic and an organic binder, e.g. polycarboxylate cements containing calcium sulfate cements containing anhydrite, e.g. Keene's cement containing synthetic anhydrite
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
- C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
- C04B11/00—Calcium sulfate cements
- C04B11/02—Methods and apparatus for dehydrating gypsum
- C04B11/028—Devices therefor characterised by the type of calcining devices used therefor or by the type of hemihydrate obtained
- C04B11/036—Devices therefor characterised by the type of calcining devices used therefor or by the type of hemihydrate obtained for the dry process, e.g. dehydrating in a fluidised bed or in a rotary kiln, i.e. to obtain beta-hemihydrate
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
- C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
- C04B18/00—Use of agglomerated or waste materials or refuse as fillers for mortars, concrete or artificial stone; Treatment of agglomerated or waste materials or refuse, specially adapted to enhance their filling properties in mortars, concrete or artificial stone
- C04B18/04—Waste materials; Refuse
- C04B18/14—Waste materials; Refuse from metallurgical processes
- C04B18/141—Slags
- C04B18/142—Steelmaking slags, converter slags
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
- C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
- C04B22/00—Use of inorganic materials as active ingredients for mortars, concrete or artificial stone, e.g. accelerators, shrinkage compensating agents
- C04B22/0013—Boron compounds
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- C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
- C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
- C04B22/00—Use of inorganic materials as active ingredients for mortars, concrete or artificial stone, e.g. accelerators, shrinkage compensating agents
- C04B22/06—Oxides, Hydroxides
- C04B22/062—Oxides, Hydroxides of the alkali or alkaline-earth metals
- C04B22/064—Oxides, Hydroxides of the alkali or alkaline-earth metals of the alkaline-earth metals
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- C04B22/00—Use of inorganic materials as active ingredients for mortars, concrete or artificial stone, e.g. accelerators, shrinkage compensating agents
- C04B22/08—Acids or salts thereof
- C04B22/14—Acids or salts thereof containing sulfur in the anion, e.g. sulfides
- C04B22/142—Sulfates
- C04B22/143—Calcium-sulfate
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- C04B24/00—Use of organic materials as active ingredients for mortars, concrete or artificial stone, e.g. plasticisers
- C04B24/12—Nitrogen containing compounds organic derivatives of hydrazine
- C04B24/14—Peptides; Proteins; Derivatives thereof
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- C04B2103/00—Function or property of ingredients for mortars, concrete or artificial stone
- C04B2103/10—Accelerators; Activators
- C04B2103/12—Set accelerators
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Abstract
本发明属于石膏砂浆技术领域,具体是一种耐水抗霉变石膏砂浆,包括以下原料:半水石膏、Ⅱ型无水硫酸钙、地炉渣微粉、氢氧化钙、缓凝剂、防霉剂、骨料和水,本发明所具有的有益效果是采用半水石膏和Ⅱ型无水硫酸钙作为胶凝材料,通过复合水化反应形成了稳定而致密的结构,提高了砂浆的强度和耐水性;采用地炉渣微粉作为活性掺合料,通过填充孔隙和促进水化反应,增加了砂浆的密实度和耐久性;采用氢氧化钙作为碱性掺合料,通过提高砂浆的pH值,抑制了霉菌的生长,增加了砂浆的防霉性能。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及石膏砂浆技术领域,具体涉及一种耐水抗霉变石膏砂浆及其制备方法。
背景技术
石膏砂浆是一种常用的建筑材料,主要用于室内墙面和天花板的抹灰和装饰。石膏砂浆具有良好的保温隔热、吸声、防火等性能,以及赋形性优良、装饰美观等优点。然而,石膏砂浆也存在一些缺陷,如强度相对较低、耐水性较差、容易受潮发霉等。这些缺陷限制了石膏砂浆在建筑中的广泛应用,尤其是在湿度较高或经常与水接触的区域。
在相关技术中,为了改善石膏砂浆的性能,目前已有一些方法被提出,如采用不同种类的石膏作为胶凝材料,如α半水高强石膏、建筑石膏或硬石膏;或者在石膏砂浆中掺入减水剂、水泥、激发剂等添加剂。这些方法虽然能够提高石膏砂浆的强度和耐水性,但也会增加成本、复杂化工艺、影响环保等,为此,我们提出一种耐水抗霉变石膏砂浆及其制备方法。
本背景技术部分中公开的以上信息仅用于理解本发明构思的背景技术,并且因此,它可以包含不构成现有技术的信息。
发明内容
为了克服现有技术的不足,本发明提供了一种耐水抗霉变石膏砂浆及其制备方法以解决上述背景技术中提出的为了改善石膏砂浆的性能,目前已有一些方法被提出,如采用不同种类的石膏作为胶凝材料,如α半水高强石膏、建筑石膏或硬石膏;或者在石膏砂浆中掺入减水剂、水泥、激发剂等添加剂。这些方法虽然能够提高石膏砂浆的强度和耐水性,但也会增加成本、复杂化工艺、影响环保等的问题。
本发明解决其技术问题所采用的技术方案是:一种耐水抗霉变石膏砂浆,包括以下原料:半水石膏、Ⅱ型无水硫酸钙、地炉渣微粉、氢氧化钙、缓凝剂、防霉剂、骨料和水;
其中,半水石膏是主要胶凝材料,可以提供足够的强度和硬度;
Ⅱ型无水硫酸钙是辅助胶凝材料,可以增加砂浆的稳定性和耐水性;
地炉渣微粉是活性掺合料,可以促进半水石膏和Ⅱ型无水硫酸钙的水化反应,形成更致密的结构;
氢氧化钙是碱性掺合料,可以提高砂浆的pH值,抑制霉菌的生长;
缓凝剂是调节剂,可以延长砂浆的凝结时间,方便施工;
防霉剂是功能添加剂,可以有效防止砂浆表面发霉变色;
骨料是填充材料,可以增加砂浆的体积和密度;
所述石膏砂浆的原料配比如下:
半水石膏:240kg
Ⅱ型无水硫酸钙:160kg
地炉渣微粉:15kg
氢氧化钙:15kg
缓凝剂:0.5kg
防霉剂:0.5kg
骨料:750kg
水:300kg。
作为一种优化的技术方案,所述半水石膏采用β型半水石膏,所述半水石膏的制备方法是将二水石膏粉末放入加热设备中,控制温度在150~180℃之间,保持2h,使其失去部分结晶水,转变为半水石膏。
作为一种优化的技术方案,所述Ⅱ型无水硫酸钙的制备方法是将二水石膏粉末放入加压加热设备中,控制温度在400~500℃之间,保持2h,使其完全失去结晶水,转变为Ⅱ型无水硫酸钙。
作为一种优化的技术方案,所述地炉渣微粉的制备方法是将高炉渣经过干法或湿法球磨机进行粉碎,并通过风选机进行筛分,使其符合石膏砂浆制备的细度要求。
作为一种优化的技术方案,所述缓凝剂采用蛋白质类缓凝剂,所述缓凝剂的用量为半水石膏重量的0.1%~0.5%,添加方式为将其溶解在水中后与半水石膏混合,所述缓凝剂的制备方法是明胶或骨胶与水按一定比例混合,加热至溶解,然后加入适量的硫酸或盐酸,进行酸解,使其分解为低分子量的氨基酸或多肽;酸解后的溶液经过中和、过滤、浓缩、干燥步骤,得到蛋白质类缓凝剂粉末;制备条件为温度80~100℃,压力常压,时间2~4h。
作为一种优化的技术方案,所述防霉剂为硼酸类防霉剂,所述防霉剂的用量为石膏重量的0.1%~0.5%,添加方式为将其溶解在水中后与石膏混合,所述防霉剂的制备方法是将硼砂(Na2B4O7·10H2O)与稀盐酸反应,生成硼酸和氯化钠,反应条件为温度室温~100℃,压力常压,时间2-3h。
一种耐水抗霉变石膏砂浆的制备方法,包括以下步骤:
S1、将半水石膏、Ⅱ型无水硫酸钙、地炉渣微粉、氢氧化钙、缓凝剂和防霉剂按重量比为240:160:15:15:1:0.5,制成干粉混合物;
S2、将干粉混合物与适量的水按重量比1:0.3~0.4搅拌均匀,制成湿拌砂浆;
S3、将湿拌砂浆与骨料按重量比1:2~3搅拌均匀,制成耐水抗霉变石膏砂浆;
S4、将耐水抗霉变石膏砂浆涂抹在需要抹灰的墙面或天花板上,压平压实,待其自然干燥即可。
作为一种优化的技术方案,所述步骤中的搅拌温度为室温~60℃;搅拌转速为100~200r/min;搅拌时间为5~10min。
本发明所具有的有益效果是:
采用半水石膏和Ⅱ型无水硫酸钙作为胶凝材料,通过复合水化反应形成了稳定而致密的结构,提高了砂浆的强度和耐水性;采用地炉渣微粉作为活性掺合料,通过填充孔隙和促进水化反应,增加了砂浆的密实度和耐久性;采用氢氧化钙作为碱性掺合料,通过提高砂浆的pH值,抑制了霉菌的生长,增加了砂浆的防霉性能;采用缓凝剂和防霉剂作为功能添加剂,通过延长凝结时间和防止发霉变色,增加了砂浆的施工性能和美观性;采用骨料作为填充材料,通过增加砂浆的体积和密度,降低了砂浆的成本和收缩率。
附图说明
图1是本发明提供的一种耐水抗霉变石膏砂浆的制备流程图。
具体实施方式
下面,结合附图以及具体实施方式,对本发明做进一步描述,需要说明的是,在不相冲突的前提下,以下描述的各实施例之间或各技术特征之间可以任意组合形成新的实施例。
需要说明的是,术语“中心”、“上”、“下”、“左”、“右”、“竖直”、“水平”、“内”、“外”等指示的方位或位置关系为基于附图所示的方位或位置关系,或者是该发明产品使用时惯常摆放的方位或位置关系,仅是为了便于描述本发明和简化描述,而不是指示或暗示所指的装置或元件必须具有特定的方位、以特定的方位构造和操作,因此不能理解为对本发明的限制。
在本发明的描述中,还需要说明的是,除非另有明确的规定和限定,术语“设置”、“安装”、“相连”、“连接”应做广义理解,例如,可以是固定连接,也可以是可拆卸连接,或一体地连接;可以是机械连接,也可以是电连接;可以是直接相连,也可以通过中间媒介间接相连,可以是两个元件内部的连通。对于本领域的普通技术人员而言,可以具体情况理解上述术语在本发明中的具体含义。
实施例1:
本实施例中的一种耐水抗霉变石膏砂浆,包括以下原料:半水石膏、Ⅱ型无水硫酸钙、地炉渣微粉、氢氧化钙、缓凝剂、防霉剂、骨料和水;
其中,半水石膏是主要胶凝材料,可以提供足够的强度和硬度;
Ⅱ型无水硫酸钙是辅助胶凝材料,可以增加砂浆的稳定性和耐水性;
地炉渣微粉是活性掺合料,可以促进半水石膏和Ⅱ型无水硫酸钙的水化反应,形成更致密的结构;
氢氧化钙是碱性掺合料,可以提高砂浆的pH值,抑制霉菌的生长;
缓凝剂是调节剂,可以延长砂浆的凝结时间,方便施工;
防霉剂是功能添加剂,可以有效防止砂浆表面发霉变色;
骨料是填充材料,可以增加砂浆的体积和密度;
所述石膏砂浆的原料配比如下:
半水石膏:240kg
Ⅱ型无水硫酸钙:160kg
地炉渣微粉:15kg
氢氧化钙:15kg
缓凝剂:0.5kg
防霉剂:0.5kg
骨料:750kg
水:300kg。
作为一种优化的技术方案,半水石膏是一种常用的建筑材料,主要由二水石膏(CaSO4·2H2O)经过脱水而成。半水石膏有两种晶型,分别为α型和β型,α型半水石膏是由二水石膏在高压高温下脱水而得,具有致密的结构和高强度,但成本较高。β型半水石膏是由二水石膏在常压下脱水而得,具有松散的结构和低强度,但成本较低,该技术方案中半水石膏采用β型半水石膏,半水石膏的制备方法是将二水石膏粉末放入加热设备中,控制温度在150~180℃之间,保持2h,使其失去部分结晶水,转变为半水石膏。
作为一种优化的技术方案,Ⅱ型无水硫酸钙是一种无机材料,主要由二水石膏经过高温高压下脱水而成。Ⅱ型无水硫酸钙具有良好的稳定性和耐水性,可以作为胶凝材料或掺合料用于制备耐水抗霉变的石膏砂浆,Ⅱ型无水硫酸钙的制备方法是将二水石膏粉末放入加压加热设备中,控制温度在400~500℃之间,保持2h,使其完全失去结晶水,转变为Ⅱ型无水硫酸钙。
作为一种优化的技术方案,地炉渣微粉是一种活性掺合料,主要由高炉渣经过粉碎和筛分而得。高炉渣是冶金工业中生产铁和钢时产生的副产品,主要由硅酸盐、铝酸盐等组成。地炉渣微粉可以促进半水石膏和Ⅱ型无水硫酸钙的水化反应,形成更致密的结构,提高砂浆的密实度和耐久性,地炉渣微粉的制备方法是将高炉渣经过干法或湿法球磨机进行粉碎,并通过风选机进行筛分,使其符合石膏砂浆制备的细度要求。
在本实施例中,缓凝剂是一种用于延长石膏砂浆的凝结时间的添加剂,可以方便施工和涂抹。缓凝剂的种类有很多,常用的有蛋白质类、有机酸类、磷酸盐类等。缓凝剂的作用机理主要是通过吸附在半水石膏颗粒表面,阻碍其与水的接触,从而抑制其水化反应,缓凝剂采用蛋白质类缓凝剂,缓凝剂的用量为半水石膏重量的0.1%~0.5%,添加方式为将其溶解在水中后与半水石膏混合,所述缓凝剂的制备方法是明胶或骨胶与水按一定比例混合,加热至溶解,然后加入适量的硫酸或盐酸,进行酸解,使其分解为低分子量的氨基酸或多肽;酸解后的溶液经过中和、过滤、浓缩、干燥步骤,得到蛋白质类缓凝剂粉末;制备条件为温度80~100℃,压力常压,时间2~4h。
实施例2:
在本实施例中,还提供了一种耐水抗霉变石膏砂浆的制备方法,包括以下步骤:
S1、将半水石膏、Ⅱ型无水硫酸钙、地炉渣微粉、氢氧化钙、缓凝剂和防霉剂按重量比为240:160:15:15:1:0.5,制成干粉混合物;
S2、将干粉混合物与适量的水按重量比1:0.3~0.4搅拌均匀,制成湿拌砂浆;
S3、将湿拌砂浆与骨料按重量比1:2~3搅拌均匀,制成耐水抗霉变石膏砂浆;
S4、将耐水抗霉变石膏砂浆涂抹在需要抹灰的墙面或天花板上,压平压实,待其自然干燥即可,步骤中的搅拌温度为室温~60℃;搅拌转速为100~200r/min;搅拌时间为5~10min。
具体的,防霉剂是一种用于防止石膏砂浆表面发霉变色的添加剂,可以提高砂浆的美观性和卫生性。防霉剂的种类也有很多,常用的有硼酸类、氯酚类、异硫氰酸盐类等。防霉剂的作用机理主要是通过杀灭或抑制霉菌的生长,从而保持砂浆表面的清洁,防霉剂为硼酸类防霉剂,防霉剂的用量为石膏重量的0.1%~0.5%,添加方式为将其溶解在水中后与石膏混合,防霉剂的制备方法是将硼砂(Na2B4O7·10H2O)与稀盐酸反应,生成硼酸和氯化钠,反应条件为温度室温~100℃,压力常压,时间2-3h,硼酸是一种白色固体,可以直接作为防霉剂使用,也可以进一步与其他物质反应,生成不同的硼酸盐13。反应方程式如下:
Na2B4O7·10H2O+2HCl→4B(OH)3+2NaCl+5H2O。
上述实施方式仅为本发明的优选实施方式,不能依次来限定本发明保护的范围,本领域的技术人员对本发明的技术方案进行各种组合、修改或者等同替换,都不脱离本发明技术方案的精神和范围,均应涵盖在本发明的权利要求范围当中。
Claims (8)
1.一种耐水抗霉变石膏砂浆,其特征在于,包括以下原料:半水石膏、Ⅱ型无水硫酸钙、地炉渣微粉、氢氧化钙、缓凝剂、防霉剂、骨料和水;
其中,半水石膏是主要胶凝材料,可以提供足够的强度和硬度;
Ⅱ型无水硫酸钙是辅助胶凝材料,可以增加砂浆的稳定性和耐水性;
地炉渣微粉是活性掺合料,可以促进半水石膏和Ⅱ型无水硫酸钙的水化反应,形成更致密的结构;
氢氧化钙是碱性掺合料,可以提高砂浆的pH值,抑制霉菌的生长;
缓凝剂是调节剂,可以延长砂浆的凝结时间,方便施工;
防霉剂是功能添加剂,可以有效防止砂浆表面发霉变色;
骨料是填充材料,可以增加砂浆的体积和密度;
所述石膏砂浆的原料配比如下:
半水石膏:240kg
Ⅱ型无水硫酸钙:160kg
地炉渣微粉:15kg
氢氧化钙:15kg
缓凝剂:0.5kg
防霉剂:0.5kg
骨料:750kg
水:300kg。
2.根据权利要求1所述的一种耐水抗霉变石膏砂浆,其特征在于:所述半水石膏采用β型半水石膏,所述半水石膏的制备方法是将二水石膏粉末放入加热设备中,控制温度在150~180℃之间,保持2h,使其失去部分结晶水,转变为半水石膏。
3.根据权利要求1所述的一种耐水抗霉变石膏砂浆,其特征在于:所述Ⅱ型无水硫酸钙的制备方法是将二水石膏粉末放入加压加热设备中,控制温度在400~500℃之间,保持2h,使其完全失去结晶水,转变为Ⅱ型无水硫酸钙。
4.根据权利要求1所述的一种耐水抗霉变石膏砂浆,其特征在于:所述地炉渣微粉的制备方法是将高炉渣经过干法或湿法球磨机进行粉碎,并通过风选机进行筛分,使其符合石膏砂浆制备的细度要求。
5.根据权利要求1所述的一种耐水抗霉变石膏砂浆,其特征在于:所述缓凝剂采用蛋白质类缓凝剂,所述缓凝剂的用量为半水石膏重量的0.1%~0.5%,添加方式为将其溶解在水中后与半水石膏混合,所述缓凝剂的制备方法是明胶或骨胶与水按一定比例混合,加热至溶解,然后加入适量的硫酸或盐酸,进行酸解,使其分解为低分子量的氨基酸或多肽;酸解后的溶液经过中和、过滤、浓缩、干燥步骤,得到蛋白质类缓凝剂粉末;制备条件为温度80~100℃,压力常压,时间2~4h。
6.根据权利要求1所述的一种耐水抗霉变石膏砂浆,其特征在于:所述防霉剂为硼酸类防霉剂,所述防霉剂的用量为石膏重量的0.1%~0.5%,添加方式为将其溶解在水中后与石膏混合,所述防霉剂的制备方法是将硼砂(Na2B4O7·10H2O)与稀盐酸反应,生成硼酸和氯化钠,反应条件为温度室温~100℃,压力常压,时间2-3h。
7.一种耐水抗霉变石膏砂浆的制备方法,其特征在于:包括以下步骤:
S1、将半水石膏、Ⅱ型无水硫酸钙、地炉渣微粉、氢氧化钙、缓凝剂和防霉剂按重量比为240:160:15:15:1:0.5,制成干粉混合物;
S2、将干粉混合物与适量的水按重量比1:0.3~0.4搅拌均匀,制成湿拌砂浆;
S3、将湿拌砂浆与骨料按重量比1:2~3搅拌均匀,制成耐水抗霉变石膏砂浆;
S4、将耐水抗霉变石膏砂浆涂抹在需要抹灰的墙面或天花板上,压平压实,待其自然干燥即可。
8.根据权利要求7所述的一种耐水抗霉变石膏砂浆的制备方法,其特征在于:所述步骤中的搅拌温度为室温~60℃;搅拌转速为100~200r/min;搅拌时间为5~10min。
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