CN116742845B - A vibration-reducing and noise-reducing stator and rotor structure and a switched reluctance motor - Google Patents
A vibration-reducing and noise-reducing stator and rotor structure and a switched reluctance motor Download PDFInfo
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02K—DYNAMO-ELECTRIC MACHINES
- H02K1/00—Details of the magnetic circuit
- H02K1/06—Details of the magnetic circuit characterised by the shape, form or construction
- H02K1/12—Stationary parts of the magnetic circuit
- H02K1/14—Stator cores with salient poles
- H02K1/146—Stator cores with salient poles consisting of a generally annular yoke with salient poles
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02K—DYNAMO-ELECTRIC MACHINES
- H02K1/00—Details of the magnetic circuit
- H02K1/06—Details of the magnetic circuit characterised by the shape, form or construction
- H02K1/22—Rotating parts of the magnetic circuit
- H02K1/24—Rotor cores with salient poles ; Variable reluctance rotors
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02K—DYNAMO-ELECTRIC MACHINES
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Abstract
Description
技术领域Technical field
本发明涉及开关磁阻电机技术领域，具体涉及一种开关磁阻电机的降振减噪的定转子结构。The invention relates to the technical field of switched reluctance motors, and in particular to a stator and rotor structure for reducing vibration and noise of a switched reluctance motor.
背景技术Background technique
开关磁阻电机是随着电力电子技术的不断发展而出现的一种特种电机，其机电一体化程度较高，电机结构简单，制造成本低廉，启动性能好，运行效率高，并且控制系统稳定性良好，使得成为可变速驱动系统总极具潜力的成员。The switched reluctance motor is a special motor that has emerged with the continuous development of power electronics technology. It has a high degree of mechatronics, simple motor structure, low manufacturing cost, good starting performance, high operating efficiency, and control system stability. Good, making it a very potential member of the variable speed drive system.
然而，由于其内部的磁路具有非线性的结构，且控制电路的开关性随周期变化，使得其内部的电磁性能以运行性能不同于普通三相电机。开关磁阻电机相比于其它电机具有较大的噪声，其定子、转子的结构以及开关形式供电电源，同样使得开关磁阻电机驱动系统成为一个多变量高度耦合、非线性异常严重的系统，运行中的转矩脉动十分明显，因此引起电机噪声和转矩波动，直接影响了开关磁阻电机在运行质量要求较高场合的应用。However, because its internal magnetic circuit has a nonlinear structure and the switching properties of the control circuit change with cycles, its internal electromagnetic properties and operating performance are different from ordinary three-phase motors. Compared with other motors, the switched reluctance motor has greater noise. The structure of its stator and rotor and the switching power supply also make the switched reluctance motor drive system a multi-variable, highly coupled, non-linear system with severe abnormality. The torque pulsation in the motor is very obvious, thus causing motor noise and torque fluctuations, which directly affects the application of switched reluctance motors in situations with high operating quality requirements.
目前对于开关磁阻电机的设计方法及优化方法已经十分成熟，但在电机运行性能分析中，开关磁阻电机转矩脉动及振动噪声仍然存在问题，因此需要对开关磁阻电机的定转子结构做出合理的改进。定转子结构决定了气隙外形，电机气隙结构决定了电机的运行性能，因此，定转子结构的设计在开关磁阻电机设计领域具有十分重要的地位。转子极靴外形采用三段弧的设计最早在国外提出，国内应用三段弧设计原理改进了大型水轮发电机的磁极极靴外形，三段弧的设记使得气隙长度的变化由明显的过渡区域，提升了电机的运行性能。因此，改进三段弧的设计方法，使其更好地应用到开关磁阻电机定转子设计领域具有十分重要的意义。因此，针对定子齿、转子极弧参数的优化，从而减小转矩脉动抑制振动噪声具有重要意义。At present, the design method and optimization method of switched reluctance motors are very mature. However, in the analysis of motor operating performance, there are still problems with the torque pulsation and vibration noise of switched reluctance motors. Therefore, it is necessary to improve the stator and rotor structure of switched reluctance motors. Make reasonable improvements. The structure of the stator and rotor determines the shape of the air gap, and the air gap structure of the motor determines the operating performance of the motor. Therefore, the design of the stator and rotor structure plays a very important role in the field of switched reluctance motor design. The design of the rotor pole shoe using three-segment arcs was first proposed abroad. The three-segment arc design principle was used in China to improve the shape of the magnetic pole shoes of large hydroelectric generators. The design of the three-segment arc makes the change in air gap length obvious. The transition area improves the operating performance of the motor. Therefore, it is of great significance to improve the three-segment arc design method and make it better applied to the field of stator and rotor design of switched reluctance motors. Therefore, it is of great significance to optimize the stator teeth and rotor polar arc parameters to reduce torque ripple and suppress vibration noise.
发明内容Contents of the invention
本发明的目的在于改善开关磁阻电机的内部定转子结构，减小转矩脉动，抑制电机振动和噪声，克服已有技术的缺陷。本发明对定转子结构进行优化设计，使得气隙存在不均匀长度过渡段，降低了气隙磁密的谐波含量，有效地抑制了转矩脉动，减小了电机的转矩脉动和噪声。The purpose of the present invention is to improve the internal stator and rotor structure of a switched reluctance motor, reduce torque pulsation, suppress motor vibration and noise, and overcome the defects of the existing technology. The present invention optimizes the design of the stator and rotor structure so that there is a transition section of uneven length in the air gap, which reduces the harmonic content of the air gap magnetic density, effectively suppresses the torque pulsation, and reduces the torque pulsation and noise of the motor.
本发明为解决其技术问题而采取的技术方案是：The technical solutions adopted by the present invention to solve the technical problems are:
一种减小开关磁阻电机转矩脉动和振动噪声的定转子结构，包括定转子铁心，且定转子铁心由硅钢片叠压而成；所述定子铁心包括定子轭部和定子齿部，所述定子轭部宽度与所述定子齿部的1/3高度处的宽度相同，所述定子齿部的齿顶两端设置由过渡角，所述过渡角包括第一平面与第二平面夹角和第二平面与齿部圆弧面夹角；所述第一平面与第二平面相接；所述第一平面与定子齿部末端相接；所述第二平面与齿部圆弧面相接。所述转子铁心包括转子轭部和转子磁极，所述转子磁极极靴包括第一圆弧面、第二圆弧面、第三圆弧面、第三平面、第四平面；所述第一圆弧面与转子外圆弧面仅有一个相交点；所述第二圆弧面与第一圆弧面相切；所述第三圆弧面与第一圆弧面相切；所述第二圆弧面与第三平面相接；所述第三平面与磁极轭部相接；所述第三圆弧面与第四平面相接；所述第四平面与磁极轭部相接。A stator and rotor structure that reduces torque pulsation and vibration noise of a switched reluctance motor includes a stator and rotor core, and the stator and rotor core is made of laminated silicon steel sheets; the stator core includes a stator yoke part and a stator tooth part, so The width of the stator yoke is the same as the width at 1/3 of the height of the stator tooth. The two ends of the tooth tips of the stator tooth are provided with transition angles, and the transition angle includes the angle between the first plane and the second plane. and the angle between the second plane and the arc surface of the tooth; the first plane is connected to the second plane; the first plane is connected to the end of the stator tooth; the second plane is connected to the arc surface of the tooth. catch. The rotor core includes a rotor yoke part and a rotor magnetic pole, and the rotor magnetic pole piece includes a first arc surface, a second arc surface, a third arc surface, a third plane, and a fourth plane; the first circle There is only one intersection point between the arc surface and the outer arc surface of the rotor; the second arc surface is tangent to the first arc surface; the third arc surface is tangent to the first arc surface; the second arc surface is tangent to the first arc surface. The third plane is connected to the magnetic pole yoke; the third arc surface is connected to the fourth plane; and the fourth plane is connected to the magnetic pole yoke.
进一步地，所述第二平面与齿部圆弧面的夹角为θ0，5≤θ0≤10。Further, the angle between the second plane and the arc surface of the tooth portion is θ 0 , 5≤θ 0 ≤10.
进一步地，所述第一平面与第二平面夹角为θ1，30≤θ1≤45。Further, the angle between the first plane and the second plane is θ 1 , 30≤θ 1 ≤45.
进一步地，所述齿部圆弧面与转子外圆弧面气隙长度为δ0。Further, the length of the air gap between the arc surface of the tooth portion and the outer arc surface of the rotor is δ 0 .
进一步地，所述第一圆弧面与转子外圆弧面气隙长度为δα。Further, the length of the air gap between the first arc surface and the outer arc surface of the rotor is δ α .
进一步地，所述第二圆弧面与第一圆弧面气隙长度为δβ。Further, the length of the air gap between the second arc surface and the first arc surface is δ β .
进一步地，所述气隙δ0为均匀气隙，气隙δα、δβ为不均匀气隙。Further, the air gap δ 0 is a uniform air gap, and the air gaps δ α and δ β are uneven air gaps.
进一步地，所述定子铁心上设置有固定槽。Further, the stator core is provided with fixing grooves.
进一步地，所述转子铁心轭部上设置有固定孔。Further, a fixing hole is provided on the yoke portion of the rotor core.
进一步地，所述转子铁心磁极上设置有固定孔。Further, fixing holes are provided on the magnetic poles of the rotor core.
进一步地，所述定子铁心上设置的固定槽为12个。Further, there are 12 fixing slots provided on the stator core.
进一步地，所述转子铁心轭部上设置的固定孔为4个。Further, there are four fixing holes provided on the yoke portion of the rotor core.
进一步地，所述转子铁心磁极上设置的固定孔为4个。Furthermore, there are four fixing holes provided on the magnetic poles of the rotor core.
由于采用了上述技术，本发明的有益效果是：Due to the adoption of the above technology, the beneficial effects of the present invention are:
本发明提供的开关磁阻电机的定转子结构，定子齿部顶端设置有过渡角，过渡角的存在使得气隙长度在齿部宽位置处向两侧变化，增加了电感变化率的均匀度，有效降低了转矩脉动及噪声；转子磁极极靴由三段圆弧构成，第一圆弧面与齿部圆弧面构成第一段不均匀气隙长度，第二圆弧面、第三圆弧面分别与第一圆弧面构成第二段不均匀气隙，从而进一步抑制了电机的转矩脉动及噪声；且沿齿部中心向齿部两侧变化区域，气隙变化率更加均匀，从而进一步降低了气隙磁密的谐波含量，改善了转矩脉动。In the stator and rotor structure of the switched reluctance motor provided by the present invention, the top of the stator tooth is provided with a transition angle. The existence of the transition angle causes the air gap length to change to both sides at the wide position of the tooth, increasing the uniformity of the inductance change rate. Effectively reduces torque ripple and noise; the rotor magnetic pole shoes are composed of three arc sections. The first arc surface and the tooth arc surface form the first section of uneven air gap length. The second arc surface and the third arc surface The arc surface forms a second section of uneven air gap with the first arc surface respectively, thereby further suppressing the torque pulsation and noise of the motor; and along the changing area from the center of the tooth to both sides of the tooth, the air gap change rate is more uniform. This further reduces the harmonic content of the air gap magnetic density and improves the torque ripple.
附图说明Description of the drawings
图1为传统开关磁阻电机定转子结构示意图。Figure 1 is a schematic diagram of the stator and rotor structure of a traditional switched reluctance motor.
图2为本发明的实施案例开关磁阻电机示意图。Figure 2 is a schematic diagram of a switched reluctance motor according to an embodiment of the present invention.
图3为本发明的实施案例性能对比电机示意图。Figure 3 is a schematic diagram of a performance comparison motor according to implementation examples of the present invention.
图4为本发明的定转子气隙区域说明示意图。Figure 4 is a schematic diagram illustrating the air gap area of the stator and rotor of the present invention.
图5为本发明的转子磁极极靴示意图。Figure 5 is a schematic diagram of the rotor magnetic pole shoes of the present invention.
图6为本发明的定子齿部顶端示意图。Figure 6 is a schematic diagram of the top end of the stator tooth portion of the present invention.
图7为本发明的转子磁极极靴设计示意图。Figure 7 is a schematic diagram of the design of the rotor magnetic pole shoes of the present invention.
图中标记的含义是：1-定子铁心，2-定子齿部，3-定子轭部，4-转子铁心，5-转子轭部，6-转子磁极，7-电机转轴，8-转子磁极固定孔，9-转子轭部固定孔，10-定子铁心固定槽，11-齿部圆弧面，12-第一平面，13-第二平面，14-转子外圆弧面，15-第一圆弧面，16-第二圆弧面，17-第三圆弧面。The meanings of the marks in the figure are: 1-stator core, 2-stator teeth, 3-stator yoke, 4-rotor core, 5-rotor yoke, 6-rotor magnetic poles, 7-motor shaft, 8-rotor magnetic pole fixed Hole, 9-rotor yoke fixing hole, 10-stator core fixing groove, 11-tooth arc surface, 12-first plane, 13-second plane, 14-rotor outer arc surface, 15-first circle Arc surface, 16-the second arc surface, 17-the third arc surface.
具体实施方式Detailed ways
为了能够更加清晰的理解本发明的上述技术优点，下面结合附图及具体实施案例对本发明做出更加全面的陈述。以下陈述说明了一些具体的设计细节以便于更好地理解本发明，但是本发明还可以采用其余陈述方式对此发明进行实施，因此，本发明不限于下面公开的具体实施的限制。In order to more clearly understand the above technical advantages of the present invention, the present invention will be described more comprehensively below with reference to the accompanying drawings and specific implementation examples. The following statements illustrate some specific design details to facilitate a better understanding of the present invention, but the present invention can also be implemented using the remaining statements. Therefore, the present invention is not limited to the specific implementation limitations disclosed below.
下面以一台12槽8极开关磁阻电机为对象，结合具体实例来详细描述本发明专利所叙述的方法，如图2至图7所示。Taking a 12-slot 8-pole switched reluctance motor as an object, the method described in the patent of the present invention will be described in detail below with specific examples, as shown in Figures 2 to 7.
表1为电机基本参数。Table 1 shows the basic parameters of the motor.
表1Table 1
如图2所示，一种减小开关磁阻电机转矩脉动及振动噪声的定转子结构，包括定子铁心1和转子铁心4，定转子铁心均由硅钢片叠压而成；所述定子铁心1包括定子齿部2和定子轭部3，所述定子齿部2的1/3高度处的宽度与定子轭部3的宽度相同；所述定子齿部2的齿顶两端设置有过渡角，所述过渡角包括第一平面12与第二平面13，所述第一平面12与第二平面13相接；所述第一平面12与定子齿部2末端相接；所述第二平面13与齿部圆弧面11相接；所述转子铁心4包括转子轭部5和转子磁极6，所述转子磁极6极靴包括第一圆弧面15、第二圆弧面16、第三圆弧面17、第三平面18、第四平面19；所述第一圆弧面15与转子外圆弧面14仅有一个相交点；所述第二圆弧面16与第一圆弧面15相切；所述第三圆弧面17与第一圆弧面15相切；所述第二圆弧面16与第三平面18相接；所述第三平面18与转子磁极6末端相接；所述第三圆弧面17与第四平面19相接；所述第四平面19与转子磁极6相接。As shown in Figure 2, a stator and rotor structure that reduces torque pulsation and vibration noise of a switched reluctance motor includes a stator core 1 and a rotor core 4. The stator and rotor cores are both made of laminated silicon steel sheets; the stator core 1 includes a stator tooth portion 2 and a stator yoke portion 3. The width at 1/3 of the height of the stator tooth portion 2 is the same as the width of the stator yoke portion 3; transition angles are provided at both ends of the tooth tips of the stator tooth portion 2 , the transition angle includes a first plane 12 and a second plane 13, the first plane 12 and the second plane 13 are connected; the first plane 12 is connected with the end of the stator tooth portion 2; the second plane 13 is connected with the tooth arc surface 11; the rotor core 4 includes a rotor yoke 5 and a rotor magnetic pole 6, and the rotor magnetic pole 6 pole pieces include a first arc surface 15, a second arc surface 16, a third The arc surface 17, the third plane 18, and the fourth plane 19; the first arc surface 15 and the rotor outer arc surface 14 have only one intersection point; the second arc surface 16 and the first arc surface 15; the third arc surface 17 is tangent to the first arc surface 15; the second arc surface 16 is connected to the third plane 18; the third plane 18 is connected to the end of the rotor magnetic pole 6 The third arc surface 17 is connected to the fourth flat surface 19; the fourth flat surface 19 is connected to the rotor magnetic poles 6.
如图4和图5所示，转子磁极6极靴为本发明所阐述的转子结构设计，使得极靴由三段圆弧构成，因此气隙长度变化共分为三个区域：齿部圆弧面11与转子外圆弧面14气隙长度为δ0；第一圆弧面15与转子外圆弧面14气隙长度为δα；所述第二圆弧面16与第一圆弧面15气隙长度为δβ，极靴沿中心对称。三段不同气隙长度变化增加了电感变化率的均匀度，有效降低了转矩脉动及噪声；且沿齿部中心向齿部两侧变化区域，气隙变化率更加均匀，从而进一步降低了气隙磁密的谐波含量，有效改善了转矩脉动。As shown in Figures 4 and 5, the 6-pole shoe of the rotor magnetic pole is the rotor structural design described in the present invention, so that the pole shoe is composed of three arcs, so the change in air gap length is divided into three areas: tooth arc The air gap length between the surface 11 and the rotor outer arc surface 14 is δ 0 ; the air gap length between the first arc surface 15 and the rotor outer arc surface 14 is δ α ; the second arc surface 16 and the first arc surface 15The length of the air gap is δ β and the pole piece is symmetrical along the center. The three different air gap length changes increase the uniformity of the inductance change rate, effectively reducing torque ripple and noise; and along the changing area from the center of the tooth to both sides of the tooth, the air gap change rate is more uniform, thereby further reducing the air gap change rate. The harmonic content of the gap magnetic density effectively improves the torque ripple.
所述转子磁极6极靴的三段圆弧具体构造如图5和图7所示。转子外圆弧面14的半径R0＝58.8，第一圆弧面15的半径R1＝49.6；首先将第一圆弧面15的圆弧绘制完毕使得其宽度刚好等于极身宽度，设第一圆弧面15的圆弧端点为C点，设转子的中心点为O点，用虚线连接O、C两点得线段OC；极靴边缘设为B点，连接B、C两点，取线段AB的中心点M，并以M做线段BC的中垂线交线段OC为点K，点K即为第三圆弧面17的圆心所在点，线段CK的长度即为第三圆弧面17的半径长度R2＝2.8。通过此做法，可以分别得到两侧的圆弧半径。The specific structure of the three arc sections of the six-pole shoes of the rotor magnetic poles is shown in Figures 5 and 7. The radius R 0 of the rotor outer arc surface 14 is 58.8, and the radius R 1 of the first arc surface 15 is 49.6. First, the arc of the first arc surface 15 is drawn so that its width is exactly equal to the width of the pole body. Suppose the third The arc endpoint of an arc surface 15 is point C. Let the center point of the rotor be point O. Use a dotted line to connect the two points O and C to get the line segment OC. Let the edge of the pole shoe be point B. Connect the two points B and C. Take The center point M of the line segment AB, and the intersection line OC of the mid-perpendicular line segment BC with M as the point K is the point K. The point K is the center point of the third arc surface 17, and the length of the line segment CK is the third arc surface. The radius length of 17 is R 2 =2.8. Through this method, the arc radii on both sides can be obtained respectively.
所述定子结构如图6所示，定子齿部2顶端设置有过渡角，过渡角的存在使得气隙长度在齿部宽位置处向两侧变化，增加了电感变化率的均匀度，有效降低了转矩脉动及噪声；此时，第一平面与第二平面夹角为θ1＝30，第二平面13与齿部圆弧面11的夹角θ0＝7。The stator structure is shown in Figure 6. A transition angle is provided at the top of the stator tooth portion 2. The existence of the transition angle causes the air gap length to change to both sides at the wide position of the tooth portion, increasing the uniformity of the inductance change rate and effectively reducing the Torque ripple and noise are eliminated; at this time, the angle between the first plane and the second plane is θ 1 =30, and the angle between the second plane 13 and the tooth arc surface 11 is θ 0 =7.
所述定子铁心1设置有12个固定槽，固定槽位于定子齿部2末端，用于硅钢片的叠装；所述转子铁心4设置有8个固定孔，分别位于转子轭部5和转子磁极6，所述转子轭部5设置4个固定孔，每隔一个磁极设置安装；所述转子磁极6同样设置4个固定孔，每隔一个磁极设置安装，使得气隙磁密发生变化，减小转矩脉动，电机结构更加稳定。The stator core 1 is provided with 12 fixing slots, which are located at the ends of the stator teeth 2 for stacking silicon steel sheets; the rotor core 4 is provided with 8 fixing holes, which are located at the rotor yoke 5 and the rotor magnetic poles respectively. 6. The rotor yoke 5 is provided with 4 fixing holes, and every other magnetic pole is installed. The rotor magnetic pole 6 is also provided with 4 fixing holes, and every other magnetic pole is installed, so that the air gap magnetic density changes and reduces the Torque pulsation, the motor structure is more stable.
图2为采用本发明所述的定转子结构的12槽8极开关磁阻电机，即为新方案所用电机。Figure 2 shows a 12-slot 8-pole switched reluctance motor using the stator and rotor structure of the present invention, which is the motor used in the new solution.
图3为对比性能所采用的开关磁阻电机，保持其他结构参数不变，定转子结构为传统开关磁阻电机结构，即为原方案所用电机。Figure 3 shows the switched reluctance motor used for comparative performance. Keeping other structural parameters unchanged, the stator and rotor structure is the traditional switched reluctance motor structure, which is the motor used in the original solution.
以上实例描述了本发明专利的基本逻辑与运行思路，但本行业的技术人员应该了解，本发明专利不受上述实例的限制，上述实例和说明书中描述的只是说明本专利的逻辑与思路，在不脱离本发明专利精神和范围的前提下，本发明专利还会有各种变化和改进，这些变化和改进都将落入要求保护的本发明专利范围内。The above examples describe the basic logic and operating ideas of the patent of the present invention, but those skilled in the industry should understand that the patent of the present invention is not limited by the above examples. The above examples and descriptions only illustrate the logic and ideas of the patent. Without departing from the spirit and scope of the patent of the present invention, there will be various changes and improvements in the patent of the present invention, and these changes and improvements will fall within the scope of the patent of the present invention as claimed.
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