CN116732439A - Heat-resistant pressure-bearing cast steel and preparation method and application thereof - Google Patents
Heat-resistant pressure-bearing cast steel and preparation method and application thereof Download PDFInfo
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- 229910001208 Crucible steel Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 103
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 title abstract description 12
- 229910052727 yttrium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 63
- 229910052758 niobium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 58
- 238000005496 tempering Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 13
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 12
- 238000010791 quenching Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 12
- 230000000171 quenching effect Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 12
- 229910052720 vanadium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- 229910052698 phosphorus Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- 229910052717 sulfur Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- 239000012535 impurity Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- 229910052804 chromium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 11
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000005266 casting Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 claims 3
- 238000002844 melting Methods 0.000 claims 1
- 230000008018 melting Effects 0.000 claims 1
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 abstract description 8
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 abstract description 5
- 239000010955 niobium Substances 0.000 description 65
- GUCVJGMIXFAOAE-UHFFFAOYSA-N niobium atom Chemical compound [Nb] GUCVJGMIXFAOAE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 52
- VWQVUPCCIRVNHF-UHFFFAOYSA-N yttrium atom Chemical compound [Y] VWQVUPCCIRVNHF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 52
- 230000000052 comparative effect Effects 0.000 description 32
- 239000011651 chromium Substances 0.000 description 14
- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 11
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 11
- 229910001220 stainless steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 11
- 239000010935 stainless steel Substances 0.000 description 11
- 239000010959 steel Substances 0.000 description 11
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 description 10
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 8
- 238000005728 strengthening Methods 0.000 description 8
- VYZAMTAEIAYCRO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Chromium Chemical compound [Cr] VYZAMTAEIAYCRO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- ZOKXTWBITQBERF-UHFFFAOYSA-N Molybdenum Chemical compound [Mo] ZOKXTWBITQBERF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- 229910052750 molybdenum Inorganic materials 0.000 description 5
- 239000011733 molybdenum Substances 0.000 description 5
- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 description 5
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- PWHULOQIROXLJO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Manganese Chemical compound [Mn] PWHULOQIROXLJO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- OAICVXFJPJFONN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Phosphorus Chemical compound [P] OAICVXFJPJFONN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- XUIMIQQOPSSXEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicon Chemical compound [Si] XUIMIQQOPSSXEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- NINIDFKCEFEMDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sulfur Chemical compound [S] NINIDFKCEFEMDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 229910052748 manganese Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 239000011572 manganese Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000011574 phosphorus Substances 0.000 description 4
- 229910052710 silicon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 239000010703 silicon Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000011593 sulfur Substances 0.000 description 4
- LEONUFNNVUYDNQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N vanadium atom Chemical compound [V] LEONUFNNVUYDNQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 238000002474 experimental method Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000011160 research Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000005096 rolling process Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000006104 solid solution Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000003466 welding Methods 0.000 description 3
- INZDTEICWPZYJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-(chloromethyl)-4-[4-(chloromethyl)phenyl]benzene Chemical compound C1=CC(CCl)=CC=C1C1=CC=C(CCl)C=C1 INZDTEICWPZYJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 230000006978 adaptation Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000001514 detection method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000006872 improvement Effects 0.000 description 2
- 229910052759 nickel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000010970 precious metal Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000004321 preservation Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000003723 Smelting Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000003570 air Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910001566 austenite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000013329 compounding Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000009749 continuous casting Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005520 cutting process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000013461 design Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052731 fluorine Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910000734 martensite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000000465 moulding Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000003921 oil Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000001556 precipitation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229920006395 saturated elastomer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 238000005204 segregation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910000859 α-Fe Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
Classifications
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
- C22C38/02—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing silicon
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
- C21D1/00—General methods or devices for heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering
- C21D1/18—Hardening; Quenching with or without subsequent tempering
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
- C21D6/00—Heat treatment of ferrous alloys
- C21D6/002—Heat treatment of ferrous alloys containing Cr
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
- C21D6/00—Heat treatment of ferrous alloys
- C21D6/005—Heat treatment of ferrous alloys containing Mn
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
- C21D6/00—Heat treatment of ferrous alloys
- C21D6/008—Heat treatment of ferrous alloys containing Si
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
- C22C38/005—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing rare earths, i.e. Sc, Y, Lanthanides
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
- C22C38/04—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing manganese
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
- C22C38/18—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium
- C22C38/22—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium with molybdenum or tungsten
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
- C22C38/18—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium
- C22C38/24—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium with vanadium
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
- C22C38/18—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium
- C22C38/26—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium with niobium or tantalum
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E30/00—Energy generation of nuclear origin
- Y02E30/30—Nuclear fission reactors
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- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Metallurgy (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Thermal Sciences (AREA)
- Crystallography & Structural Chemistry (AREA)
- Pressure Vessels And Lids Thereof (AREA)
Abstract
The invention relates to a heat-resistant pressure-bearing cast steel, and a preparation method and application thereof, wherein the heat-resistant pressure-bearing cast steel comprises the following components: c:0.15-0.20%, si less than or equal to 0.60%, mn:0.50-0.90%, P is less than or equal to 0.010%, S is less than or equal to 0.010%, cr:1.20-1.50%, mo:0.80-1.20%, V:0.20-0.40%, nb:0.30-0.60%, Y:0.25 to 0.45%, the balance being Fe and unavoidable impurities, and said resistanceThe components of the hot pressure-bearing cast steel meet the following relation: f (F) 1 =2.77[Nb]+5.62[Y]，2.54≤F 1 Less than or equal to 3.68; wherein, [ Nb ]]And [ Y ]]Representing the weight percentage of Nb and Y respectively, the cast steel is preferably subjected to a quenching and tempering heat treatment process, and the cast steel is suitable for high-temperature pressure-bearing members such as heat exchangers, reaction kettles and the like.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to heat-resistant pressure-bearing cast steel and a preparation method and application thereof, belongs to the technical field of cast steel, and provides cast steel with excellent high-temperature mechanical properties and wide application range.
Background
The requirements of high-temperature mechanical properties of high-temperature pressure containers such as reaction kettles and heat exchangers on steel materials are high, and cast steel is used for preparing the high-temperature pressure containers in the past, and as the working conditions of the high-temperature pressure containers become worse, the high-temperature mechanical properties of cast steel are difficult to meet the requirements of working conditions of high-temperature pressure bearing, so that the existing industry technicians tend to adopt heat-resistant stainless steel such as martensite, austenite, ferrite and the like as the materials of the high-temperature pressure containers.
The heat-resistant stainless steel is adopted as the material of the high-temperature pressure container, which can naturally meet the performance requirement, but the stainless steel material usually contains high noble elements such as Cr, ni and the like, the total content often reaches 20 percent, and part of the materials even reach 40 percent. Cr and Ni are expensive and have limited reserves, and the large-scale use of Cr and Ni in the material is not beneficial to the control of cost on one hand and the saving of resources on the other hand, and the steel can finally obtain the high-temperature pressure-bearing member through the working procedures of rolling, welding and the like, so that the preparation working procedure is complex and the process cost is high.
If cast steel can be used as the material of the high-temperature pressure container, the advantages of the raw material cost, the resource cost and the process cost are obvious. The Cr content of cast steel is very low, many cast steel does not even contain Ni, the raw material cost is low and can not cause a large amount of precious metals to be used, in particular, cast steel can be directly cast and formed in one step, the steps of rolling, cutting, welding and the like of the traditional stainless steel are not needed, and the process cost is very low.
Therefore, in order to fully exert the advantages of the cast steel, the application of the heat-resistant cast steel to replace the heat-resistant stainless steel in the pressure-bearing member is realized, and the improvement of the high-temperature mechanical property of the heat-resistant cast steel becomes a problem to be solved urgently.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention provides a heat-resistant pressure-bearing cast steel and a preparation method and application thereof, and the cast steel obtained by the design of the invention has excellent high-temperature mechanical properties, is suitable for being used as a material of a high-temperature pressure container, can be widely applied to high-temperature pressure-bearing components such as a heat exchanger, a reaction kettle and the like, has obvious raw material cost advantages, resource advantages and process cost advantages compared with the traditional heat-resistant stainless steel, can be widely realized to replace the heat-resistant stainless steel with the heat-resistant cast steel, and greatly reduces the material cost on the premise of meeting the requirement of the high-temperature mechanical properties. In addition, the invention also provides a preparation method of the heat-resistant pressure-bearing cast steel.
The technical purpose of the invention is realized by the following means.
The invention aims to provide heat-resistant pressure-bearing cast steel, which comprises the following components: c:0.15-0.20%, si less than or equal to 0.60%, mn:0.50-0.90%, P is less than or equal to 0.010%, S is less than or equal to 0.010%, cr:1.20-1.50%, mo:0.80-1.20%, V:0.20-0.40%, nb:0.40-0.80%, Y:0.35-0.65%, and the balance of Fe and unavoidable impurities, and the composition of the heat-resistant pressure-sensitive cast steel satisfies the following relationship: f (F) 1 =2.77[Nb]+5.62[Y]，2.54≤F 1 Less than or equal to 3.68; wherein, [ Nb ]]And [ Y ]]Representing the weight percentages of Nb and Y, respectively.
As mentioned above, the conventional heat-resistant pressure-bearing cast steel is not excellent enough in high-temperature mechanical properties, and is limited in wide use in related severe working conditions. Through a large amount of experimental researches, the inventor of the invention discovers that the high-temperature mechanical property of cast steel can be greatly improved by adding a certain amount of Nb and Y and reasonably controlling the contents of the Nb and the Y within a certain range, thereby widening the application range of the cast steel, realizing the application of heat-resistant cast steel to replace heat-resistant stainless steel in a high-temperature pressure-bearing member, reducing the cost of raw materials, avoiding the use of a large amount of expensive resources, simplifying the preparation process and reducing the process cost.
The actions of the elements in the heat-resistant pressure-resistant cast steel of the present invention will be described below.
Carbon: carbon improves the hardenability of steel, is one of important strengthening elements in steel, improves the strength of the steel through solid solution strengthening and precipitation strengthening, controls the carbon content at a level of 0.15-0.20%, and can ensure that the cast steel has optimal matching of hardenability and toughness.
Silicon: silicon is a deoxidizing element in steel, and has solid solution strengthening function, but if the silicon content is too high, the toughness of cast steel is reduced, and the silicon content is controlled below 0.6%.
Manganese: manganese plays a role in solid solution strengthening in steel, not only can strength be improved, but also toughness of cast steel can be improved, and too high manganese can cause component segregation, affect casting quality of cast steel, and deteriorate cast steel performance, and the manganese content is controlled to be 0.50-0.90%.
Phosphorus, sulfur: phosphorus and sulfur are both unavoidable impurity elements in steel, and the content of the impurity elements is too high, so that the performance of cast steel is drastically deteriorated, and the content of the phosphorus and the sulfur is controlled below 0.01 percent, and the lower the content of the phosphorus and the sulfur is, the better the invention is under the premise of acceptable cost.
Chromium: chromium is an important strengthening element in steel, and controlling the content of the chromium in a reasonable range is very important for ensuring excellent high-temperature strength, and when the content of the chromium is too low, the strengthening effect is insufficient, and when the content of the chromium is too high, the cost is increased, and the toughness is reduced. The invention controls the chromium content to be 1.20-1.50%.
Molybdenum: molybdenum can refine grains, is an important element for improving the hardenability of steel and the normal temperature strength and the high temperature strength of cast steel, has insufficient strengthening effect when the molybdenum content is too low, has obvious tempering brittleness, has saturated strength improving effect when the molybdenum content is too high, and causes plasticity to be reduced. The invention controls the molybdenum content to be 0.80-1.20%.
Vanadium: vanadium can refine the structure grains, improve the strength and toughness, and has a certain effect on guaranteeing the high-temperature strength. Vanadium is a strong carbide forming element, is particularly easy to combine with carbon to form vanadium carbide, and is finely dispersed in cast steel tissues, so that the normal-temperature and high-temperature mechanical properties of the vanadium carbide can be effectively ensured. The invention controls the content of vanadium to be 0.20-0.40%.
Niobium and yttrium: the inventor researches and discovers that in the cast steel system, a proper amount of niobium and yttrium can obviously improve the high-temperature strength of cast steel, and the inventor determines that the optimal adding amount of niobium and yttrium is respectively 0.30-0.60% and 0.25-0.45% through experiments, if the content of niobium or yttrium is too low, the improvement effect on the high-temperature strength of cast steel is not obvious, and if the content of niobium or yttrium is too high, the effect of improving the high-temperature strength reaches a peak value, and on the contrary, the negative effect on the high-temperature strength begins to appear, and the cast steel cost is increased.
Further, the inventors have found that, in the course of the test, not only the above-mentioned amounts of niobium and yttrium are satisfied, but also satisfactory high-temperature strength is not always obtained, and further, it is necessary to control the amounts of niobium and yttrium in a coordinated manner, and further, have found that, by repeating the test and the finding, when the relationship between the amounts of niobium and yttrium satisfies a certain condition on the basis of the above-mentioned range, cast steel having excellent high-temperature strength can be obtained. From this, the inventors have experimentally summarized the program to obtain the content relationship of niobium and yttrium, which is vital to the present invention, namely: f (F) 1 =2.77[Nb]+5.62[Y]，2.54≤F 1 Less than or equal to 3.68; wherein, [ Nb ]]And [ Y ]]Representing the weight percentages of Nb and Y, respectively.
Further, the inventors have found from research experiments that the composition of the heat-resistant pressure-cast steel is particularly advantageous for obtaining a more excellent heat-resistant pressure-cast steel when it also satisfies the following relationship: f (F) 2 =0.29[Cr]+0.63[Mo]+1.42[V]+3.12[Nb]+6.25[Y]，4.45≤F 2 Less than or equal to 5.32; wherein [ Cr]、[Mo]、[V]、[Nb]、[Y]Representing the weight percentage of Cr, mo, V, nb, Y respectively.
Further, the high-temperature mechanical properties of the heat-resistant pressure-bearing cast steel meet the following conditions: r is R p0.2,600℃ ≥285MPa，R p0.2,650℃ Not less than 225MPa, and can meet the long-time stable work at 650 ℃.
By way of non-limiting illustration, the room temperature mechanical properties of the heat resistant pressure cast steel are: r is R p0.2 ≥450 MPa、R m More than or equal to 600MPa, elongation more than or equal to 15 percent, and room temperature KV 2 ≥30J。
By way of non-limiting illustration, the heat-resistant pressure cast steel is preferably cast steel in a heat treated state, as an exemplary illustration, the heat treatment being quenching+tempering; wherein the quenching temperature is 920-960 ℃, and the tempering temperature is 680-740 ℃.
The invention also provides a preparation method of the heat-resistant pressure-bearing cast steel, which comprises the following steps: smelting and casting to obtain cast steel meeting the requirements of the relation between the components and the content, and then carrying out quenching and tempering heat treatment on the cast steel. Preferably, the quenching temperature is 920-960 ℃, the tempering temperature is 680-740 ℃, and the quenching medium is air, water or oil, and the tempering is followed by air cooling to room temperature.
The invention also provides the heat-resistant pressure-resistant cast steel or the use of the heat-resistant pressure-resistant cast steel prepared by the preparation method of the heat-resistant pressure-resistant cast steel in a high-temperature pressure container; by way of non-limiting illustration, the high temperature pressure vessel may be a heat exchanger, a reaction kettle, or the like, as well as various high temperature pressure members.
The invention has the following technical effects.
According to the invention, the components of the cast steel are optimally designed and adjusted, the content of each element of the cast steel is controlled, particularly the niobium and the yttrium with proper content are added, and the content relation of the niobium and the yttrium elements is cooperatively controlled, so that the pressure-bearing cast steel with excellent high-temperature mechanical properties is finally obtained, and the long-time stable work at 650 ℃ can be satisfied. Compared with the commonly used heat-resistant stainless steel, the heat-resistant pressure-resistant cast steel has the advantages of close performance, simple components, low content of expensive metal, contribution to saving cost and consumption, and saving of precious metal resources, meanwhile, the cast steel can be directly molded without complex subsequent molding processes such as continuous casting, rolling and welding, the process cost is saved, the application of replacing the heat-resistant stainless steel with the heat-resistant cast steel in pressure-resistant equipment is realized, and the application range of the low-cost cast steel material in the high-temperature pressure-bearing field is greatly widened.
Detailed Description
In order to enable those skilled in the art to fully understand the technical scheme and the beneficial effects of the present invention, the following description is made with reference to specific test examples.
According to the inventionThe relation between the components and the element content is that the steel casting liquid is smelted and cast to obtain a cast steel ingot, the P, S content is controlled to be 0.008+/-0.001%, the detection result of the components is shown in the table 1, and F in the table 1 1 =2.77[Nb]+5.62[Y]，F 2 =0.29[Cr]+0.63[Mo]+1.42[V]+3.12[Nb]+6.25[Y]The ingot size was 1000 mm. Times.500 mm. Times.350 mm.
Table 1: the components of each cast steel are in percent and the balance is Fe.
Each cast steel is subjected to tempering treatment of water cooling quenching after heat preservation for 930 ℃ multiplied by 1.5 hours and air cooling after heat preservation for 700 ℃ multiplied by 3.5 hours, then the room temperature strength, the elongation, the toughness and the high temperature strength performance of each cast steel are detected, the room temperature strength and the elongation are detected by referring to GB/T228.1-2021, the room temperature toughness is detected by referring to GB/T229-2020, and the high temperature strength is detected by referring to GB/T228.2-2015. The results of the detection are shown in Table 2.
Table 2: various mechanical properties of cast steel.
Further analysis of the above examples and comparative examples is described below in conjunction with tables 1 and 2.
Table 2 shows the relation F between the components and the element contents of test numbers 1 to 6 1 All the room temperature mechanical properties of the product meet the requirements of the invention, and the final room temperature mechanical properties meet the R p0.2,600℃ ≥285MPa，R p0.2,650℃ The invention requirement of 225MPa or more, and therefore, the above test numbers are examples of the present invention. In particular, the element content relationship F of test numbers 1, 3, 4 2 The preferable range of 4.45-5.32 is satisfied, and experiments prove that the test number shows more excellent high-temperature mechanical property on the basis of satisfying the room-temperature mechanical property, and can satisfy R p0.2,600℃ ≥320MPa，R p0.2,650℃ High temperature strength performance level of 260MPa or more, examples 1, 3, 4 are therefore preferred embodiments of the invention. Nb, Y, F of test numbers 7-21 1 At least one of the materials can not meet the requirement of the invention, and the test result proves that the room temperature mechanical property can reach the standard, but the high temperature mechanical property is poorer, and the R of the invention can not be reached p0.2,600℃ ≥285MPa，R p0.2,650℃ The requirement of 225MPa or more, and test numbers 7-21 belong to comparative examples of the invention.
Next, specific analysis is performed on the above comparative examples.
Comparative example 7 is a comparative example of example 2 in which the content of niobium was increased on the basis of the other components same as those of example 2, and the adjusted niobium content was still within the scope of the present invention, but the relationship F between the niobium and yttrium contents 1 Above the requirements of the invention, the results show that due to F 1 The yield strength of the cast steel is lower at 600 ℃ and 650 ℃ and cannot meet the invention requirement.
Comparative example 8 is a comparative example of example 5, in which the content of niobium was reduced on the basis of the other components same as those of example 5, the adjusted niobium content was still within the scope of the present invention, but the relationship F between the niobium and yttrium contents 1 Below the requirements of the invention, the results show that due to F 1 The yield strength of the cast steel is lower at 600 ℃ and 650 ℃ and cannot meet the invention requirement.
Comparative example 9 is a comparative example of example 4 in which the yttrium content was increased on the basis of the other components same as those of example 4, and the adjusted yttrium content was still within the scope of the present invention, but the relationship F between the niobium and yttrium contents 1 Above the requirements of the invention, the results show that due to F 1 The yield strength of the cast steel is lower at 600 ℃ and 650 ℃ and cannot meet the invention requirement.
Comparative example 10 is a comparative example of example 3, in which the yttrium content was reduced based on the other components same as those of example 3, the adjusted yttrium content was still within the scope of the present invention, but the relationship F between the niobium and yttrium contents 1 Below the requirements of the invention, the results show that due to F 1 The yield strength of the cast steel is lower at 600 ℃ and 650 ℃ and cannot meet the invention requirement.
ComparisonExample 11 is a comparative example of example 4, in which the content of niobium was increased based on the other components as in example 4, the content relationship F of niobium and yttrium after adjustment 1 The niobium content is higher than the invention requirement, and the result shows that the yield strength of the cast steel at 600 ℃ and 650 ℃ is lower and cannot meet the invention requirement because the niobium content does not meet the invention requirement.
Comparative example 12 is a comparative example of example 4, in which the yttrium content was reduced based on the other components same as those of example 4, and the adjusted relationship F between the niobium and yttrium contents 1 The yttrium content is lower than the invention requirement, and the result shows that the yield strength of the cast steel at 600 ℃ and 650 ℃ is lower and cannot meet the invention requirement because the yttrium content does not meet the invention requirement.
Comparative example 13 is a comparative example of example 1, in which the content of niobium was reduced based on the other components same as those of example 1, the content relationship F of niobium and yttrium was adjusted 1 The niobium content is lower than the invention requirement, and the result shows that the yield strength of the cast steel at 600 ℃ and 650 ℃ is lower and cannot meet the invention requirement because the niobium content does not meet the invention requirement.
Comparative example 14 is a comparative example of example 1, in which the yttrium content was increased based on the other components same as those of example 1, and the adjusted relationship F between the niobium and yttrium contents 1 The yttrium content is higher than the invention requirement, and the result shows that the yield strength of the cast steel at 600 ℃ and 650 ℃ is lower and cannot meet the invention requirement because the yttrium content does not meet the invention requirement.
Comparative example 15 is a comparative example of example 5, in which the content of niobium was reduced based on the other components same as those of example 5, the content relationship F of niobium and yttrium was adjusted 1 Also outside the scope of the present invention and with a niobium content lower than the invention requirement, the results show that, due to the niobium content and F 1 The yield strength of the cast steel is lower at 600 ℃ and 650 ℃ and cannot meet the invention requirement.
Comparative example 16 is a comparative example of example 5, in which the other components are the same as in example 5On the basis, the content of yttrium is reduced, and the content relation F of niobium and yttrium after adjustment 1 Nor is it within the scope of the invention and the yttrium content is lower than the invention requirement, the results show that, due to the yttrium content and F 1 The yield strength of the cast steel is lower at 600 ℃ and 650 ℃ and cannot meet the invention requirement.
Comparative example 17 is a comparative example of example 2, in which the content of niobium was increased based on the other components as in example 2, the content relationship F of niobium and yttrium after adjustment 1 Also outside the scope of the present invention and with a niobium content higher than the requirements of the invention, the results show that, due to the niobium content and F 1 The yield strength of the cast steel is lower at 600 ℃ and 650 ℃ and cannot meet the invention requirement.
Comparative example 18 is a comparative example of example 2, in which the yttrium content was increased based on the other components same as those of example 2, and the adjusted relationship F between the niobium and yttrium contents 1 Nor is it within the scope of the invention and the yttrium content is higher than the invention requirement, the results show that, due to the yttrium content and F 1 The yield strength of the cast steel is lower at 600 ℃ and 650 ℃ and cannot meet the invention requirement.
Comparative example 19 is a comparative example of example 6, in which yttrium was replaced with niobium based on the other components same as those of example 6, and the content relationship F of niobium and yttrium was adjusted 1 Nor is it within the scope of the invention, but the niobium content is higher than the invention requirement and does not contain yttrium and F 1 Not meeting the requirements of the invention, the results show that, due to the fact that the niobium content is not meeting the requirements of the invention and does not contain yttrium and F 1 The yield strength of the cast steel is lower at 600 ℃ and 650 ℃ and cannot meet the invention requirement.
Comparative example 20 is a comparative example of example 6, in which yttrium was used instead of niobium on the basis of the other components same as those of example 6, and the content relationship F between niobium and yttrium was adjusted 1 Nor is it within the scope of the invention, since the yttrium content is higher than the invention requirements and contains no niobium and F 1 Not meeting the requirements of the invention, the results show that, since the yttrium content is not meeting the requirements of the invention and does not contain niobium and F 1 The requirements of the invention are not met,the cast steel has lower yield strength at 600 ℃ and 650 ℃ and can not meet the invention requirement.
Comparative example 21 is a comparative example of example 3, and on the basis of the other components being the same as in example 3, niobium and yttrium are omitted, and the content relationship F of niobium and yttrium 1 The result shows that the yield strength of the cast steel at 600 ℃ and 650 ℃ is extremely low because of not containing niobium and yttrium, and the cast steel cannot meet the requirement of the invention and cannot meet the working requirement of a high-temperature working condition.
By combining the above, the invention can ensure to obtain cast steel with excellent high-temperature strength performance by compounding and adding niobium and yttrium and cooperatively controlling the content relation of the niobium and the yttrium, and the cast steel is suitable for being used as a high-temperature pressure-bearing member, such as a heat exchanger, a reaction kettle and the like, has the characteristics of excellent high-temperature performance, low raw material cost and simple preparation process, and can replace heat-resistant stainless steel with high price and high preparation cost.
The above description of the embodiments is only for aiding in the understanding of the method of the present invention and its core ideas. It should be noted that it will be apparent to those skilled in the art that various modifications and adaptations of the invention can be made without departing from the principles of the invention and these modifications and adaptations are intended to be within the scope of the invention as defined in the following claims.
The previous description of the disclosed embodiments is provided to enable any person skilled in the art to make or use the present invention. Various modifications to these embodiments will be readily apparent to those skilled in the art, and the generic principles defined herein may be applied to other embodiments without departing from the spirit or scope of the invention. Thus, the present invention is not intended to be limited to the embodiments shown herein but is to be accorded the widest scope consistent with the principles and novel features disclosed herein.
Claims (10)
1. The heat-resistant pressure-resistant cast steel is characterized by comprising the following components: c:0.15-0.20%, si less than or equal to 0.60%, mn:0.50-0.90%, P is less than or equal to 0.010%, S is less than or equal to 0.010%, cr:1.20-1.50%, mo:0.80-1.20%, V:0.20-0.40%, nb:0.30-0.60%, Y:0.25-0.45%, and the balance of Fe and unavoidable impurities, and the composition of the heat-resistant pressure-sensitive cast steel satisfies the following relationship:
F 1 =2.77[Nb]+5.62[Y]，2.54≤F 1 ≤3.68；
wherein [ Nb ] and [ Y ] represent the weight percentages of Nb and Y, respectively.
2. A heat resistant pressure cast steel according to claim 1, wherein the composition of the heat resistant pressure cast steel further satisfies the following relationship:
F 2 =0.29[Cr]+0.63[Mo]+1.42[V]+3.12[Nb]+6.25[Y]，4.45≤F 2 ≤5.32；
wherein [ Cr ], [ Mo ], [ V ], [ Nb ], [ Y ] respectively represent the weight percentage of Cr, mo, V, nb, Y.
3. A heat resistant pressure cast steel according to claim 1, wherein the heat resistant pressure cast steel has high temperature mechanical properties satisfying: r is R p0.2,600℃ ≥285MPa，R p0.2,650℃ ≥225MPa。
4. A heat resistant pressure cast steel as claimed in claim 1 wherein said heat resistant pressure cast steel is a heat treated cast steel.
5. A heat resistant pressure cast steel according to claim 1 wherein said heat treatment is quenching and tempering.
6. A heat resistant pressure cast steel according to claim 1 wherein said quenching temperature is 920-960 ℃ and said tempering temperature is 680-740 ℃.
7. A method for producing a heat-resistant pressure-sensitive cast steel as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 6 wherein the cast steel satisfying the relation between composition and content is obtained by melting and casting, and then subjected to heat treatment of quenching and tempering.
8. The method for producing heat-resistant pressure-sensitive cast steel as claimed in claim 7, wherein the quenching temperature is 920 to 960 ℃, and the tempering temperature is 680 to 740 ℃.
9. The method for producing heat-resistant pressure-resistant cast steel as claimed in claim 7, wherein the quenching medium is air, water or oil, and the tempering is followed by air cooling to room temperature.
10. Use of a heat resistant pressure cast steel according to any one of claims 1-6 or a heat resistant pressure cast steel prepared by a method of preparing a heat resistant pressure cast steel according to any one of claims 7-9 in a high temperature pressure vessel (e.g. heat exchanger, reactor).
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