CN116730671A - 一种尾矿泥集料无机真石漆及其制备方法 - Google Patents
一种尾矿泥集料无机真石漆及其制备方法 Download PDFInfo
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- BHPQYMZQTOCNFJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Calcium cation Chemical compound [Ca+2] BHPQYMZQTOCNFJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
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- UQSXHKLRYXJYBZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Iron oxide Chemical compound [Fe]=O UQSXHKLRYXJYBZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
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- PCHJSUWPFVWCPO-UHFFFAOYSA-N gold Chemical compound [Au] PCHJSUWPFVWCPO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- 239000010954 inorganic particle Substances 0.000 description 1
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- YOBAEOGBNPPUQV-UHFFFAOYSA-N iron;trihydrate Chemical compound O.O.O.[Fe].[Fe] YOBAEOGBNPPUQV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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Classifications
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
- C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
- C04B28/00—Compositions of mortars, concrete or artificial stone, containing inorganic binders or the reaction product of an inorganic and an organic binder, e.g. polycarboxylate cements
- C04B28/02—Compositions of mortars, concrete or artificial stone, containing inorganic binders or the reaction product of an inorganic and an organic binder, e.g. polycarboxylate cements containing hydraulic cements other than calcium sulfates
- C04B28/04—Portland cements
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
- C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
- C04B14/00—Use of inorganic materials as fillers, e.g. pigments, for mortars, concrete or artificial stone; Treatment of inorganic materials specially adapted to enhance their filling properties in mortars, concrete or artificial stone
- C04B14/02—Granular materials, e.g. microballoons
- C04B14/04—Silica-rich materials; Silicates
- C04B14/10—Clay
- C04B14/104—Bentonite, e.g. montmorillonite
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- C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
- C04B14/00—Use of inorganic materials as fillers, e.g. pigments, for mortars, concrete or artificial stone; Treatment of inorganic materials specially adapted to enhance their filling properties in mortars, concrete or artificial stone
- C04B14/02—Granular materials, e.g. microballoons
- C04B14/30—Oxides other than silica
- C04B14/307—Chromium oxide
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- C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
- C04B14/00—Use of inorganic materials as fillers, e.g. pigments, for mortars, concrete or artificial stone; Treatment of inorganic materials specially adapted to enhance their filling properties in mortars, concrete or artificial stone
- C04B14/02—Granular materials, e.g. microballoons
- C04B14/30—Oxides other than silica
- C04B14/308—Iron oxide
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
- C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
- C04B14/00—Use of inorganic materials as fillers, e.g. pigments, for mortars, concrete or artificial stone; Treatment of inorganic materials specially adapted to enhance their filling properties in mortars, concrete or artificial stone
- C04B14/02—Granular materials, e.g. microballoons
- C04B14/36—Inorganic materials not provided for in groups C04B14/022 and C04B14/04 - C04B14/34
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- C04B18/00—Use of agglomerated or waste materials or refuse as fillers for mortars, concrete or artificial stone; Treatment of agglomerated or waste materials or refuse, specially adapted to enhance their filling properties in mortars, concrete or artificial stone
- C04B18/04—Waste materials; Refuse
- C04B18/12—Waste materials; Refuse from quarries, mining or the like
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- C04B40/0028—Aspects relating to the mixing step of the mortar preparation
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- C04B2103/54—Pigments; Dyes
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- C04B2111/00—Mortars, concrete or artificial stone or mixtures to prepare them, characterised by specific function, property or use
- C04B2111/00034—Physico-chemical characteristics of the mixtures
- C04B2111/00146—Sprayable or pumpable mixtures
- C04B2111/00155—Sprayable, i.e. concrete-like, materials able to be shaped by spraying instead of by casting, e.g. gunite
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- C04B2201/00—Mortars, concrete or artificial stone characterised by specific physical values
- C04B2201/50—Mortars, concrete or artificial stone characterised by specific physical values for the mechanical strength
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
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- Y02W30/50—Reuse, recycling or recovery technologies
- Y02W30/91—Use of waste materials as fillers for mortars or concrete
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- Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
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Abstract
本发明公开了一种尾矿泥集料无机真石漆及其制备方法。该无机真石漆由无机胶凝主组分、调凝组分、颜料组分、防泛碱组分及调粘增稠组分五部分组成。本发明的无机真石漆以尾矿泥取代传统建设用砂为集料，以无机胶凝材料取代聚合物乳液为基体，并利用了钙基膨润土的离子交换特性解决了水泥基砂浆遇水泛碱问题，具有与建筑基体粘结性好、硬度高、环保、耐水、耐久、无泛碱、成本低、固化速度快、制备工艺简单的特点。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及一种新型建筑材料，具体涉及一种尾矿泥集料无机真石漆及其制备方法，属于土木工程材料技术领域。
背景技术
尾矿是矿山选矿工程形成的工业废料。近年来，由于天然建筑砂石骨料的限采和紧缺，尾矿中的粗颗粒被筛去作为机制砂使用，而筛余的细粒尾矿泥因细度过细，比表面积大，吸水率高，无法作为建设用砂使用，目前尚未无合适的用途，被堆积在尾矿库中。这些尾矿泥的堆积不仅占用土地，污染环境，而且容易形成溃坝、泥石流等安全隐患，成为一种公害。因此，尾矿泥的开发利用不仅可以变废为宝，而且可以减少环境污染和消除安全隐患。
真石漆又称砂壁状涂料，是一种常用的建筑外墙装饰材料。作为建筑外墙干挂石材的替代品之一，真石漆主要采用各种颜色的天然石粉与聚合物成膜物质配制而成，使建筑外墙具有仿石材的效果。传统真石漆中的成膜物质主要是一些聚合物乳液及其助剂。它们在涂覆后形成连续网络，不仅可以将各种无机颗粒粘结在一起，而且为涂层提供防水功能，因此，是传统真石漆中不可缺少的物质。但这些聚合物乳液及其助剂的使用不仅导致真石漆的成本提高，而且还可能存在VOC污染或老化问题。
水泥饰面砂浆也是一种常用的建筑外墙装饰材料。水泥饰面砂浆又称水泥基多彩装饰粉(简称彩色砂浆)，具有色彩质感自然、视觉柔和、成本低及易施工等特点。但传统的水泥饰面砂浆在应用中遇水后易“泛碱”，影响装饰效果。另外，与真石漆一样，传统水泥饰面砂浆所用的集料也都是很讲究的彩砂或石英砂，最低也是达标的建设用砂，使饰面砂浆的成本较高。
因此，若能省去聚合物成膜物质的情况下以尾矿泥为集料制备一种无机真石漆产品，且能解决水泥饰面砂浆的“泛碱”难题，则可以降低真石漆的成本，提高真石漆的耐久性，对于尾矿泥的资源化利用和建筑外墙装饰材料的发展具有重要意义。
发明内容
本发明针对现有尾矿泥的资源化利用及真石漆的成本及环保问题，以及饰面砂浆的“泛碱”问题，目的在于提供一种以尾矿泥为集料的无机真石漆材料及其制备方法。
为了实现上述目标，本发明采用如下的技术方案：
一种尾矿泥集料无机真石漆，该无机真石漆由无机胶凝主组分、调凝组分、颜料组分、防泛碱组分及调粘增稠组分五部分组成。其中无机胶凝主组分由白色硅酸盐水泥、尾矿泥、硅灰、减水剂及水组成；调凝组分由甲酸钙、硫酸铝和三乙醇胺组成；颜料组分由钛白粉与无机彩色颜料组成；防泛碱组分为钙基膨润土；调粘增稠组分由羟丙基甲基纤维素和十二烷基硫酸钠组成。
所述的一种尾矿泥集料无机真石漆，其中无机胶凝主组分中水泥采用强度标号为42.5号的白色硅酸盐水泥；尾矿泥采用粒度小于国标GB/T 14684-2011及行标JGJ 52-2006的规定粒度要求的、表观相对密度＞2.5、亚甲蓝试验MB值＜1.4、有害物质含量和坚固性以及碱骨料反应指标均符合GB/T 14684-2011的标准要求的尾矿泥；减水剂采用聚羧酸系高效减水剂。各原料的重量份配比为：水泥∶尾矿泥∶硅灰∶减水剂∶水＝(13-21)∶(79-87)∶1.5∶(0.2-0.4)∶(13.5-16.5)。
所述的一种尾矿泥集料无机真石漆，其调凝组分主要起调节真石漆固化凝结速度的作用，其中甲酸钙、硫酸铝和三乙醇胺按(0.2-0.5)∶(0.5-0.8)∶0.03的比例组成。
所述的一种尾矿泥集料无机真石漆，其颜料组分中无机彩色颜料选用铁红、铬绿、赭黄、镉橙中的一种或几种。无机彩色颜料与钛白粉的重量份比例为3.0∶6.0。
所述的一种尾矿泥集料无机真石漆，其防泛碱组分采用2.0重量份的钙基膨润土。目的是利用钙基膨润土的离子交换功能，通过无机真石漆体系中的钠、钾等碱金属离子与膨润土的铝硅酸盐片层间的钙离子进行交换，使体系中的钠、钾等离子进入膨润土的铝硅酸盐片层间。经离子交换后不仅可以避免涂料涂层在遇水后碱金属离子泛出，影响涂料外观，而且由于离子交换后的膨润土成为人工钠基土或人工钾基土，使膨润土的可塑性及粘结性变好，从而改善涂料的悬浮稳定性、粘度和施工和易性。膨润土中交换出来的钙离子则可以参与水泥的水化过程，生成水硬性水化产物。
所述的一种尾矿泥集料无机真石漆，其调粘增稠组分由0.001重量份的十二烷基硫酸钠和0.002重量份的粘度为5-10万mPa.S的羟丙基甲基纤维素组成。
本发明还提供了一种尾矿泥集料无机真石漆的制备方法，包括以下步骤：
步骤1：将钛白粉、硅灰、彩色颜料和钙基膨润土分别称量后放入球磨机中，混合研磨0.5小时，得到干料A；
步骤2：将减水剂、纤维素、十二烷基硫酸钠和80％的水混合搅拌溶化均匀，得到液体A；
步骤3：将甲酸钙、硫酸铝和三乙醇胺与剩余20％的水混合搅拌溶化均匀，得到液体B；
步骤4：将白水泥与尾矿泥加入搅拌机中搅拌混合2分钟，得到干料B；
步骤5：将干料B和干料A在搅拌机混合搅拌2分钟；然后加入液体A，再搅拌混合2分钟；最后加入液体B，搅拌均匀，得无机真石漆。得到的真石漆应立即喷涂使用，1.0-2.0小时内用完。
本发明的有益之处在于：
1、本发明以白色硅酸盐水泥与调凝材料结合作为胶凝材料，通过快速反应生成无机复合胶凝体为基体，取代了传统的聚合物乳液成膜物质，不仅降低了成本，而且避免了高分子成膜物质存在的VOC污染和老化问题；
2、本发明利用钙基膨润土的离子交换特性，解决了水泥基饰面砂浆材料易出现的遇水泛碱、发白问题；
3、本发明通过反应生成的无机水化产物与建筑基体粘结性好，产物本身硬度高，耐水性好，耐久性强。
4、本发明中调凝组分的加入，可以调节涂料喷涂后的凝结时间。与普通水泥基砂浆相比，缩短了养护时间及施工周期，提高了涂料的施工效率。
5、本发明以工业废料尾矿泥为集料，并与无机彩色颜料结合，代替了传统的彩砂、建设用砂或石英砂，原料低廉，生产工艺简单，施工方便。
实施例
以下结合具体实施例对本发明作进一步的介绍。
一、原料
(1)建材原料
采用符合现行国家和行业标准规定的42.5#白色硅酸盐水泥、聚羧酸系高效减水剂、三乙醇胺、自来水和硅灰。
(2)尾矿泥
采用铁矿尾矿泥或金矿尾矿泥，其细度模数0.6，表观相对密度2.6、亚甲蓝试验MB值＜1.4、有害物质含量和坚固性以及碱骨料反应指标均符合GB/T 14684-2011标准的要求。
(3)化工原料
采用符合国标或行业标准的工业品甲酸钙、硫酸铝、羟丙基甲基纤维素、十二烷基硫酸钠、钙基膨润土、钛白粉和彩色颜料铁红、铬绿、赭黄和镉橙。
二、配方及制备工艺
(1)粉体A的配制
按钛白粉∶硅灰∶彩色颜料∶钙基膨润土＝6.0∶1.5∶3.0∶2.0的质量比例进行配料，然后放入球磨机中混合研磨0.5小时，得到粉体A；
(2)液体A的配制
按聚羧酸高效减水剂∶羟丙基甲基纤维素∶十二烷基硫酸钠∶水＝(0.2-0.4)∶0.002∶0.001∶(10.8-13.2)的质量配比配料，并搅拌溶化混合均匀，得到液体A；
(3)液体B配制
按甲酸钙∶硫酸铝∶三乙醇胺∶水：＝(0.2-0.5)∶(0.5-0.8)∶0.03∶(2.7-3.3)的质量比例配料，并搅拌溶化混合均匀，得到液体B；
(4)干料B配制
按水泥∶尾矿泥＝(13-21)∶(79～87)的质量比例配料，放入搅拌机中搅拌混合2分钟，得到干料B；
(5)无机真石漆制备
将上述配制好的干料B和干料A在搅拌机混合搅拌2分钟；然后加入液体A，再搅拌混合2分钟；最后加入液体B，立即搅拌均匀，得到无机真石漆，并立即喷涂使用，1.0-2.0小时内用完。
三、性能检测结果
下表是各实施例无机真石漆的配比及根据JC/T 1024-2019及GB/T50081-2019方法测试的无机真石漆的性能表。
上表表明，各实施例的无机真石漆性能均满足现行标准的性能要求。
本发明的无机真石漆以工业废渣尾矿泥为集料，以无机胶凝材料取代聚合物乳液为基体，并利用了钙基膨润土的离子交换特性解决了水泥基砂浆遇水泛碱问题，具有与建筑基体粘结性好、强度高、环保、耐水、耐久、无泛碱、成本低、固化速度快、制备工艺简单的特点。
以上所述是本发明的优选实施方式，应当指出，对于本技术领域的普通技术人员来说，在不脱离本发明所述原理的前提下，还可以做出若干改进和润饰，这些改进和润饰也应视为本发明的保护范围。
Claims (3)
1.一种尾矿泥集料无机真石漆，其特征在于，该无机真石漆由无机胶凝主组分、调凝组分、颜料组分、防泛碱组分及调粘增稠组分五部分组成；其中无机胶凝主组分由白色硅酸盐水泥、尾矿泥、硅灰、减水剂及水组成；调凝组分由甲酸钙、硫酸铝和三乙醇胺组成；颜料组分由钛白粉与无机彩色颜料组成；防泛碱组分为钙基膨润土；调粘增稠组分由羟丙基甲基纤维素和十二烷基硫酸钠组成。
2.根据权利1要求所述的一种尾矿泥集料无机真石漆，其无机胶凝主组分中各原料的重量份配比为：水泥∶尾矿泥∶硅灰∶减水剂∶水＝(13-21)∶(79-87)∶1.5∶(0.2-0.4)∶(13.5-16.5)；其调凝组分中各原料的重量份配比为：甲酸钙∶硫酸铝∶三乙醇胺＝(0.2-0.5)∶(0.5-0.8)∶0.03；其颜料组分中无机彩色颜料与钛白粉的重量份比例为3.0∶6.0；其防泛碱组分采用2.0重量份的钙基膨润土；其调粘增稠组分由0.001重量份的十二烷基硫酸钠和0.002重量份的粘度为5-10万mPa.S的羟丙基甲基纤维素组成。
3.根据权利要求1所述的一种尾矿泥集料无机真石漆，其制备方法包括以下步骤：
步骤1：将钛白粉、硅灰、彩色颜料和钙基膨润土分别称量后放入球磨机中，混合研磨0.5小时，得到干料A；
步骤2：将减水剂、纤维素、十二烷基硫酸钠和80％的水混合搅拌溶化均匀，得到液体A；
步骤3：将甲酸钙、硫酸铝和三乙醇胺与剩余20％的水混合搅拌溶化均匀，得到液体B；
步骤4：将白水泥与尾矿泥加入搅拌机中搅拌混合2分钟，得到干料B；
步骤5：将干料B和干料A在搅拌机混合搅拌2分钟；然后加入液体A，再搅拌混合2分钟；最后加入液体B，搅拌均匀，得到无机真石漆。
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