CN116713502A - Surface integrated self-sensing turning tool system and method - Google Patents

Surface integrated self-sensing turning tool system and method Download PDF

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Publication number
CN116713502A
CN116713502A CN202310873209.8A CN202310873209A CN116713502A CN 116713502 A CN116713502 A CN 116713502A CN 202310873209 A CN202310873209 A CN 202310873209A CN 116713502 A CN116713502 A CN 116713502A
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China
Prior art keywords
self
sensing
cutter bar
groove
cutter
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Chinese (zh)
Inventor
葛正浩
唐志雄
李�杰
高创
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Shaanxi University of Science and Technology
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Shaanxi University of Science and Technology
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Priority to CN202310873209.8A priority Critical patent/CN116713502A/en
Publication of CN116713502A publication Critical patent/CN116713502A/en
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23B—TURNING; BORING
    • B23B27/00—Tools for turning or boring machines; Tools of a similar kind in general; Accessories therefor
    • B23B27/14—Cutting tools of which the bits or tips or cutting inserts are of special material
    • B23B27/16—Cutting tools of which the bits or tips or cutting inserts are of special material with exchangeable cutting bits or cutting inserts, e.g. able to be clamped
    • B23B27/1614—Cutting tools of which the bits or tips or cutting inserts are of special material with exchangeable cutting bits or cutting inserts, e.g. able to be clamped with plate-like cutting inserts of special shape clamped against the walls of the recess in the shank by a clamping member acting upon the wall of a hole in the insert
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23Q—DETAILS, COMPONENTS, OR ACCESSORIES FOR MACHINE TOOLS, e.g. ARRANGEMENTS FOR COPYING OR CONTROLLING; MACHINE TOOLS IN GENERAL CHARACTERISED BY THE CONSTRUCTION OF PARTICULAR DETAILS OR COMPONENTS; COMBINATIONS OR ASSOCIATIONS OF METAL-WORKING MACHINES, NOT DIRECTED TO A PARTICULAR RESULT
    • B23Q17/00—Arrangements for observing, indicating or measuring on machine tools
    • B23Q17/09—Arrangements for observing, indicating or measuring on machine tools for indicating or measuring cutting pressure or for determining cutting-tool condition, e.g. cutting ability, load on tool
    • B23Q17/0952—Arrangements for observing, indicating or measuring on machine tools for indicating or measuring cutting pressure or for determining cutting-tool condition, e.g. cutting ability, load on tool during machining
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
    • Y02P70/00—Climate change mitigation technologies in the production process for final industrial or consumer products
    • Y02P70/10—Greenhouse gas [GHG] capture, material saving, heat recovery or other energy efficient measures, e.g. motor control, characterised by manufacturing processes, e.g. for rolling metal or metal working

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Force Measurement Appropriate To Specific Purposes (AREA)

Abstract

A surface integrated self-sensing turning tool system and method, the system includes a tool bar tail, a groove, a self-sensing component, a tool bit and a blade; the whole tail part of the cutter bar is an elastic square beam, the cutter head part is provided with a blade groove, and a fastening screw is used for fixing the blade in the blade groove; the tail of the cutter bar is connected with the cutter head through the cutter bar, four grooves and two square cavities which are perpendicular to each other are formed in the cutter bar, the grooves and the square cavities are sensing parts of a cutting force self-sensing turning cutter system, and four self-sensing assemblies are fixedly integrated on four surfaces of the grooves and four surfaces of the square cavities; the self-sensing component on the surface of the groove and the self-sensing component on the surface of the square cavity closest to the surface form a set of self-sensing components; the self-sensing assembly is parallel to the groove and the square cavity planes, the four planes of the groove are parallel to the four side surfaces of the cutter bar, and the four square cavity planes of the integrated self-sensing assembly are parallel to each other in the four planes of the groove respectively. The invention has the advantages of simple structure, low manufacturing cost and high measurement precision.

Description

Surface integrated self-sensing turning tool system and method
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of turning force measurement in turning, and particularly relates to a surface integrated self-sensing turning tool system and a method.
Background
Under the prior art, the measurement of turning force is mainly realized by a strain-type dynamometer or a piezoelectric dynamometer which is arranged on a cutter. However, these two types of load cells have the following problems due to their own structure and mounting manner: for a strain gauge, due to the limitation of the resistive strain gauge pasting process, on one hand, the measuring precision is low, and on the other hand, the strain gauge is not suitable for being used in a high-temperature environment, so that the application range of the strain gauge is limited. For the piezoelectric type force measuring instrument, due to insufficient unidirectionality of the piezoelectric crystal, mutual interference exists when the piezoelectric crystal measures three-directional force, hysteresis exists when static force is measured, and therefore measuring accuracy is low. The strain type force measuring instrument and the piezoelectric type force measuring instrument are limited in application range due to large size.
For the existing self-sensing cutter, the structure is complex, the measurement precision of the cutter is improved only from the two aspects of cutter structure and self-sensing assembly precision, and the optimization of a decoupling algorithm is not studied too much. However, the decoupling algorithm has a large impact on the accuracy of the self-sensing system.
In the existing decoupling algorithm, the stress position of the cutter is only defaulted to be a point on the whole section or the central axis of the cutter bar, and the influence of the cutter point position, other geometric parameters of the cutter and cutting parameters of the cutter on the voltage output of the self-sensing component is avoided. Therefore, the existing decoupling algorithm has a great adverse effect on the self-sensing accuracy of the cutting force.
Based on the above, it is necessary to invent a cutting force self-sensing turning tool system and a decoupling algorithm thereof, so as to solve the problems of complex structure and low measurement precision of the existing turning force measurement technology.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to overcome the problems in the prior art, the invention aims to provide a surface integrated self-sensing turning tool system and a method thereof, which have the advantages of simple structure, low manufacturing cost and high measurement precision.
In order to achieve the above purpose, the technical scheme adopted by the invention is as follows:
a surface integrated self-sensing turning tool system, which comprises a tool bar tail 10, a groove 7, a self-sensing component, a tool bit 3 and a blade 1;
the whole tail part 10 of the cutter bar is an elastic square beam, the cutter head 3 is provided with a blade groove, and the fastening screw 2 is used for fixing the blade 1 in the blade groove;
the cutter bar tail 10 is connected with the cutter head 3 through the cutter bar, four grooves 7 and two mutually perpendicular square cavities are arranged at the cutter bar, the grooves 7 and the square cavities are sensing parts of a cutting force self-sensing turning cutter system, and four self-sensing assemblies are fixedly integrated on four surfaces of the grooves 7 and four surfaces of the square cavities; the self-sensing component on the surface of the groove 7 and the self-sensing component on the surface of the square cavity closest to the groove form a set of self-sensing components;
the self-sensing component is parallel to the groove 7 and the square cavity plane, four planes of the groove 7 are parallel to four sides of the cutter bar, and four square cavity planes of the integrated self-sensing component are parallel to each other in the four planes of the groove 7 respectively.
The length and width of the base plate of the self-sensing component are equal to the length and width of the plane where the square cavities are integrated, and the self-sensing component integrated on the surface of the groove 7 is parallel to the corresponding square cavity surface self-sensing component and coincides in other two directions.
The voltage signal output by the self-sensing assembly is firstly amplified by a signal amplifier, then is collected by a data acquisition card and is transmitted to a computer system, and the computer builds a data conversion platform by using labview and other software according to a decoupling algorithm to convert the voltage signal into a three-way cutting force signal.
The four sets of self-sensing components have the same structural performance parameters, and comprise 2 elastic substrates and 4 resistance strain grids, a full-bridge direct-current circuit is selected as a measuring circuit of a strain gauge, and the bridge comprises four bridge arms with pure resistance and U 0 Is the power supply voltage, U is the output voltage, wherein R 1 、R 2 、R 3 And R is 4 Are all resistance strain gages, and change along with the change of the strain of the cutter bar; the self-sensing component is strained to cause a change in resistance ΔR 1 、ΔR 2 、ΔR 3 、ΔR 4 (R 1 →R 1 +ΔR 1 、R 2 →R 2 -ΔR、R 3 →R 3 -ΔR、R 4 →R 4 +ΔR 4 ) When the balance state of the bridge is destroyed, a voltage is generated, and the general form of the bridge output voltage is as follows:
the four resistance strain gauges are mutually connected in series, R1 is adjacent to R2 and R3, R1 is opposite to R4, and R2 is opposite to R3.
The two elastic substrates of each set of self-sensing assembly are respectively arranged on the surface of the square cavity and the surface of the groove 7 closest to the square cavity, a first group of sensing assemblies 15 and a second group of self-sensing assemblies 16 form a first output unit, a third group of sensing assemblies 12 and a fourth group of self-sensing assemblies 13 form a second output unit, a fifth group of sensing assemblies 5 and a sixth group of self-sensing assemblies 6 form a third output unit, and a seventh group of sensing assemblies 8 and a eighth group of self-sensing assemblies 9 form a fourth output unit;
under the action of a main cutting force, the first output unit and the third output unit can output voltages with equal magnitude and opposite positive and negative, under the action of a feeding force, the second output unit and the fourth output unit can output voltages with equal magnitude and opposite positive and negative, and under the action of a cutting resistance, the 4 output units can output voltages with equal magnitude and same positive and negative; the voltage signal output by the output unit can be converted into a three-dimensional force signal through a corresponding decoupling algorithm.
The decoupling algorithm accurately converts four voltage signals output by the turning tool in the sensing system under various cutting states into real-time cutting force signals.
A method of operating a surface integrated self-sensing turning tool system,
the full-bridge circuit has high self-sensing sensitivity, can eliminate nonlinear errors and can compensate temperature errors. If the self-sensing precision requirement on the cutting force self-sensing turning tool system is not high, the geometrical parameters such as the tool tip position and the like and errors caused by the cutting parameters on the self-sensing result are not needed to be considered, and the method comprises the following steps:
wherein F is c 、F f 、F p The main cutting force, the feeding force and the cutting resistance are respectively U 1 、U 2 、U 3 、U 4 Output voltages K of four sets of self-induction components respectively X 、K Y 、K Z The sensitivity of the self-sensing assembly in the feeding force, the cutting resistance and the main cutting force are respectively;
K X 、K Y 、K Z the method can be obtained by the following formula:
in U 0 To self-sense the input voltage of the component, K 0 The sensitivity coefficient of a single resistance wire in the self-sensing component is L is the total length of the resistance wire, L is the total length of the cutter bar, A' is the cross-sectional area of the cutter bar groove 7 part, A 1 ' is the cross-sectional area of the cutter bar near the first square cavity 4 of the cutter head 3, A 2 ' is the cross-sectional area of the cutter bar at the position far away from the second square cavity 14 of the cutter head 3, a ' is the X-direction side length (the width in the X direction) of the cutter bar groove 7, b ' is the Z-direction thickness (the width in the Z direction) of the cutter bar groove 7, a ' is the X-direction side length (the width in the X direction) of the cutter bar first square cavity 4, and b ' is the Z-direction side length (the width in the Z direction) of the cutter bar second square cavity 14; y is 1 Is the position of the cutter bar groove 7 near the tail part and at the tail clamping position, y 2 Is the position y of the cutter bar groove 7 near one end of the cutter head 3 and away from the tail clamping position 3 Is the cutter barOne end of the square cavity 4 close to the tail is positioned at a position away from the tail clamping position, y 4 The second square cavity 14 of the cutter bar is the position of the clamping position of the tail part, which is close to one end of the cutter head 3.
If the requirement on the self-sensing precision of the cutting force self-sensing turning tool system is higher, the error caused by the cutter point position on the self-sensing result is considered, and the corresponding decoupling algorithm is as follows:
wherein c and d are distances of the tool tip from the central axis of the tool holder in the main cutting force and feed force directions, respectively.
If the self-sensing accuracy requirement on the cutting force self-sensing turning tool system is very high, not only the error caused by the tool tip position on the self-sensing result, but also the error caused by the tool geometric parameters and the cutting parameters on the self-sensing result are considered, and the corresponding decoupling algorithm is as follows:
c. d ', L' can be obtained by the following formula:
wherein a is p And gamma 0 The back draft and the front angle of the cutter are respectively;
the higher the accuracy of the signal decoupling algorithm is, the higher the complexity is, and a user selects a corresponding signal decoupling algorithm according to the accuracy requirement in the actual working process.
The invention has the beneficial effects that:
the system has simple structure, and only needs to arrange the groove 7 on the cutter bar near the cutter head 3, and integrate the self-sensing component on the surface of the groove 7;
aiming at different precision requirements, when the self-sensing precision requirements are lower, the method provided by the invention is adopted without considering the position of the tool nose and other geometric parameters and cutting parameters of the tool, and the algorithm is simple and convenient to calculate; when the requirement on self-sensing precision is higher, a method for considering the knife tip position is available, and the calculation difficulty of the method is higher than that of the method, but the precision can be obviously improved; when the self-sensing precision is extremely high, a method of considering the position of the tool nose and other geometric parameters and cutting parameters of the tool is adopted, and the calculation difficulty of the method is higher than that of the former two, but the precision is extremely high.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a schematic diagram of the cutting force self-sensing turning tool system of the present invention.
Fig. 2 is a three-view of the first output unit.
Fig. 3 is a three-view of the third output unit.
Fig. 4 is a three-view of the No. two output unit.
Fig. 5 is a three-view of the fourth output unit.
Fig. 6 is a diagram showing the connection of the first output unit bridge circuit.
Fig. 7 is a diagram showing a connection of the third output unit bridge circuit.
Fig. 8 is a diagram showing the connection of the bridge circuits of the second output unit.
Fig. 9 is a diagram showing a connection of the fourth output unit bridge circuit.
FIG. 10 is a schematic diagram of the equivalent transition of the force-receiving position from the nose to the axis of the tool bar.
Fig. 11 is a schematic view of the cutting geometry of the tool.
Fig. 12 is a front view and a top view of a three-dimensional cutting force self-sensing tool.
In the figure: 1-a blade; 2-fastening a screw; 3-a cutter head; 4-a first square cavity; a No. 5-fifth sensing component; 6-a sixth perception component; 7-grooves; a sensing component 8-seventh; a sensing component 9-eight; 10-tail part of cutter bar; 11-wire guides; 12-third perception component; 13-a fourth perception component; 14-a second square cavity; 15-number one self-sensing assembly; a 16-second sensing component; 1501-a first resilient substrate; 1502-strain gauge number one of the number one self-sensing assembly; 1503-No. four strain gauge of the No. one self-sensing assembly; 1601-a second elastomeric substrate; 1602-strain gauge No. two of the self-sensing component No. one; 1603-No. three strain gauge of the No. one self-sensing assembly; 501-a third elastomeric substrate; 502-No. two strain gauges of No. two self-sensing components; 503-a fourth strain gauge of a third self-sensing assembly; 601-a fourth elastic substrate; 602-strain gauge number one of the number two self-sensing assembly; 603-strain gauge number four of the self-sensing assembly number two; 1201-a fifth elastomeric substrate; 1202-No. one strain gauge of No. three self-sensing assembly; 1203-No. four strain gauge of No. three self-sensing assembly; 1301-sixth elastomeric substrates; 1302-No. two strain gauges of No. three self-sensing components; 1303-strain gauge No. three of the No. three self-sensing assembly; 801-a seventh elastic substrate; no. 802-No. two strain gauges of the self-sensing assembly; 803-No. four strain gauge of No. four self-sensing assembly; 901-eighth elastomeric substrates; 902-strain gauge number one of the number four self-sensing assembly; 903-No. four strain gauge of the No. four self-sensing assembly.
Detailed Description
The invention is described in further detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings.
Example 1
As shown in fig. 1-12: a cutting force self-sensing turning tool system and a decoupling algorithm thereof, wherein the cutting force self-sensing turning tool system comprises a tool bar tail 10, a groove 7, a square cavity, a self-sensing component, a tool bit 3 and a blade 1. The cutter bar is an elastic square beam as a whole, a cutter head 3 is provided with a blade groove, and a fastening screw 2 is used for fixing the blade 1 in the blade groove; the cutter bar is provided with a groove 7 and two square cavities near the cutter head 3, the groove 7 and the square cavities are sensing parts of a cutting force self-sensing turning cutter system, and four self-sensing assemblies are fixedly integrated on four surfaces of the groove 7 and four surfaces of the square cavities; the decoupling algorithm accurately converts four voltage signals output by the turning tool in the sensing system under various cutting states into real-time cutting force signals.
The four sets of self-sensing assemblies have the same structural performance parameters, and comprise 2 elastic substrates and 4 resistance strain grids, and a full-bridge direct current circuit is selected as a measuring circuit of the strain gauge, and the structure of the direct current bridge circuit is shown in figures 6-9. The bridge comprises four pure-resistance bridge arms, U 0 Is the supply voltage, and U is the output voltage.
Wherein R is 1 、R 2 、R 3 And R is 4 Are all resistive strain gages that change as the strain of the tool bar changes. When the self-sensing component is strained by three-dimensional force, the resistance value change delta R is caused 1 、ΔR 2 、ΔR 3 、ΔR 4 (R 1 →R 1 +ΔR 1 、R 2 →R 2 -ΔR、R 3 →R 3 -ΔR、R 4 →R 4 +ΔR 4 ) When the bridge is in a state of equilibrium, the voltage output is generated.
If the requirement on the precision is not high in the cutting process of the cutter, the influence of the cutter point position on the output result of the sensing component is not needed to be considered, or when the cutter point is positioned on a point on the central axis of the cutter bar, the decoupling of the sensing signal is carried out by adopting a decoupling algorithm which is caused by the self-sensing result and does not need to be considered.
If the requirements on precision are high in the cutting process of the cutter, and the cutter point position is not collinear with the central axis of the cutter bar, the influence of the cutter point position on the output result of the sensing assembly needs to be considered, in this case, the stress result of the cutter point needs to be equivalently converted to the central axis of the cutter bar, and at the moment, the decoupling of the sensing signal needs to be performed by adopting a decoupling algorithm which considers the cutter point position to cause the self-sensing result.
If the requirements on precision are extremely high in the cutting process of the cutter, and the cutter point position is not collinear with the central axis of the cutter bar, the influence of the cutter point position, other geometric parameters of the cutter and cutting parameters on the output result of the sensing component needs to be considered, in this case, the main cutting edge needs to participate in equivalently converting the point stress result of the cutting part onto the central axis of the cutter bar, and at this moment, decoupling of sensing signals needs to be carried out by adopting a decoupling algorithm which takes the cutter point position, other geometric parameters and cutting parameters into consideration and causes the self-sensing result.
As shown in fig. 2, the first output unit is composed of a first self-sensing element 15 and a second self-sensing element 16, and includes two elastic substrates 1501 and 1601 and four resistance strain gauges 1502, 1503 and 1602 and 1603. Under the influence of the main cutting force, the strain gages 1502 and 1503 are stretched, so that the resistance value becomes large; the strain gauges 1602 and 1603 are compressed, and the resistance becomes small. As shown in fig. 6: the first output unit is connected in a circuit manner of 1502-1602-1503-1603-1502, namely the strain gauge 1502 and the strain gauge 1602 are connected in series, the strain gauge 1503 and the strain gauge 1603 are connected in series and then connected in parallel to the input U 0 And 1502 and 1503 are not adjacent, 1602 and 1603 are not adjacent. The increase of the resistance values of the strain gauges 1502 and 1503 and the decrease of the resistance values 1602 and 1603 lead to the output voltage U 1 Changing from 0 to positive. Under the action of knife resistance, the resistance values of the resistance strain gauges become smaller, and the sensitivity coefficient of the strain gauges 1502 and 1503 is larger than that of the strain gauges 1602 and 1603, so that the output voltage U is also caused 1 From 0 to negative. The feed force not being to the output voltage U 1 Causing an effect.
As shown in fig. 3: the third output unit is composed of a fifth self-sensing element and a sixth self-sensing element 6, and includes two elastic substrates 501 and 601 and four resistance strain gauges 502, 503 and 602 and 603. Under the influence of the main cutting force, the strain gauges 502 and 503 compress, so that the resistance value becomes small; the strain gages 602 and 603 are stretched, and the resistance value becomes large. As shown in fig. 7: the third output unit is connected in a circuit manner of 602-502-603-503-602, namely the strain gauges 502 and 602 are connected in series, the strain gauges 503 and 603 are connected in series, and then are connected in parallel to the input U 0 And 502 and 503 are not adjacent, 602 and 603 are not adjacent. The resistance values of the strain gauges 502 and 503 become smaller and the resistance values of the strain gauges 602 and 603 become larger, so that the output voltage U 3 From 0 to negative. Under the action of knife resistance, the resistance values of the resistance strain gauges become smaller, and the sensitivity coefficients of the strain gauges 502 and 503 are smallerThe sensitivity coefficient at the strain gauges 602 and 603, and thus also the output voltage U 3 From 0 to negative. The feed force not being to the output voltage U 3 Causing an effect.
As shown in fig. 4: the second output unit is composed of a third self-sensing element 12 and a fourth self-sensing element 13, and includes two elastic substrates 1201 and 1301 and four resistance strain gauges 1202, 1203 and 1302 and 1303. Under the influence of the feeding force, the strain gauges 1202 and 1203 are stretched, so that the resistance value becomes large; the strain gauges 1302 and 1303 are compressed, and the resistance value becomes small. As shown in fig. 8: the second output unit is connected in a circuit manner of 1202-1302-1203-1303-1202, namely the strain gauges 1202 and 1202 are connected in series, the strain gauges 1303 and 1303 are connected in series, and then are connected in parallel to the input U 0 And 1202 and 1203 are not adjacent, 1302 and 1303 are not adjacent. An increase in resistance of strain gauges 1202 and 1203 and a decrease in resistance of 1302 and 1303 result in an output voltage U 2 Changing from 0 to positive. The resistance values of the resistance strain gauge become smaller under the action of the knife resistance, and the sensitivity coefficient of the strain gauges 1202 and 1203 is larger than that of the strain gauges 1302 and 1303, so that the output voltage U is also caused 2 From 0 to negative. The main cutting force not being relative to the output voltage U 2 Causing an effect.
As shown in fig. 5: the fourth output unit is composed of a seventh self-sensing element 8 and an eighth self-sensing element 9, and includes two elastic substrates 801 and 901 and four resistance strain gauges 802, 803 and 902 and 903. Under the influence of the feeding force, the strain gauges 802 and 803 compress, so that the resistance value becomes small; the strain gages 902 and 903 are stretched, and the resistance value becomes large. As shown in fig. 9: the first output unit is connected in a circuit manner 802-902-803-903-802, namely the strain gauges 802 and 902 are connected in series, 803 and 903 are connected in series and then connected in parallel to the input U 0 And 802 and 803 are not adjacent, 902 and 903 are not adjacent. The resistance values of the strain gauges 802 and 803 become smaller and the resistance values of the strain gauges 902 and 903 become larger, so that the output voltage U 4 From 0 to negative. The resistance values of the resistance strain gauge become smaller under the action of the knife resistance, and the sensitivity coefficient of the strain gauges 802 and 803 is smaller than that of the strain gauges 902 and 903, so that the output voltage U is also caused 4 From 0 to negative. The main cutting force not being relative to the output voltage U 4 Causing an effect.
Under the independent action of main cutting force, U 1 And U 3 Equal in size and opposite in sign; under the independent action of the feeding force, U 2 And U 4 Equal in size and opposite in sign. But the cutter is simultaneously subjected to main cutting force, feeding force and cutting resistance in the actual working process, and the forces in three directions are mutually coupled. Therefore, the three-way cutting force cannot be directly calibrated by the output voltage of the self-sensing assembly acquired by the data acquisition card, and signal decoupling is needed before the cutting force is calibrated.
As shown in fig. 10: the process diagram of the equivalent conversion of the stress position of the cutter to the main shaft position of the cutter bar is also a schematic diagram of the decoupling algorithm optimization considering the cutter point position.
As shown in fig. 11: the short message schematic diagram of the geometric position of the cutting process of the cutter is also a decoupling algorithm optimization schematic diagram considering geometric parameters and cutting parameters.
Decoupling principle:
solving to obtain:

Claims (8)

1. a surface integrated self-sensing turning tool system, which is characterized by comprising a tool bar tail (10), a groove (7), a self-sensing component, a tool bit (3) and a blade (1);
the whole of the tail part (10) of the cutter bar is an elastic square beam, the cutter head (3) is provided with a blade groove, and the fastening screw (2) is used for fixing the blade (1) in the blade groove;
the tail part (10) of the cutter bar is connected with the cutter head (3) through the cutter bar, four grooves (7) and two square cavities which are perpendicular to each other are arranged at the cutter bar, the grooves (7) and the square cavities are sensing parts of a cutting force self-sensing turning cutter system, and four self-sensing assemblies are fixedly integrated on four surfaces of the grooves (7) and four surfaces of the square cavities; the self-sensing component on the surface of the groove (7) and the self-sensing component on the surface of the square cavity closest to the groove form a set of self-sensing components;
the self-sensing assembly is parallel to the groove (7) and the square cavity plane, four planes of the groove (7) are parallel to four sides of the cutter bar, and four square cavity planes of the integrated self-sensing assembly are parallel to each other in the four planes of the groove (7).
2. A surface integrated self-sensing turning tool system according to claim 1, characterized in that the substrate length and width of the self-sensing element are equal to the plane length and width of the square cavity integration, the self-sensing element of the groove (7) surface integration is parallel to the corresponding square cavity surface self-sensing element and coincides in the other two directions.
3. The surface integrated self-sensing turning tool system according to claim 1, wherein the voltage signal output by the self-sensing component is firstly amplified by a signal amplifier, then collected by a data collection card and transmitted to a computer system, and the computer builds a data conversion platform by using labview and other software according to a decoupling algorithm to convert the voltage signal into a three-way cutting force signal.
4. The surface integrated self-sensing turning tool system according to claim 1, wherein the four self-sensing components have the same structural performance parameters, each of which comprises 2 elastic substrates and 4 resistance strain grids, a full-bridge direct current circuit is selected as a measuring circuit of the strain gauge, and the bridge comprises four bridge arms of pure resistors, U 0 Is the power supply voltage, U is the output voltage, wherein R 1 、R 2 、R 3 And R is 4 Are all resistance strain gages, and change along with the change of the strain of the cutter bar; the self-sensing component is strained to cause a change in resistance ΔR 1 、ΔR 2 、ΔR 3 、ΔR 4 (R 1 →R 1 +ΔR 1 、R 2 →R 2 -ΔR、R 3 →R 3 -ΔR、R 4 →R 4 +ΔR 4 ) When the balance state of the bridge is destroyed, a voltage is generated, and the general form of the bridge output voltage is as follows:
the four resistance strain gauges are mutually connected in series, R1 is adjacent to R2 and R3, R1 is opposite to R4, and R2 is opposite to R3.
5. The surface integrated self-sensing turning tool system according to claim 4, wherein the two elastic substrates of each set of self-sensing components are respectively arranged on the surface of the square cavity and the surface of the groove (7) closest to the square cavity, the first group of sensing components (15) and the second group of self-sensing components (16) form a first output unit, the third group of sensing components (12) and the fourth group of self-sensing components (13) form a second output unit, the fifth group of sensing components (5) and the sixth group of self-sensing components (6) form a third output unit, and the seventh group of sensing components (8) and the eighth group of self-sensing components (9) form a fourth output unit;
under the action of a main cutting force, the first output unit and the third output unit can output voltages with equal magnitude and opposite positive and negative, under the action of a feeding force, the second output unit and the fourth output unit can output voltages with equal magnitude and opposite positive and negative, and under the action of a cutting resistance, the 4 output units can output voltages with equal magnitude and same positive and negative; the voltage signal output by the output unit can be converted into a three-dimensional force signal through a corresponding decoupling algorithm;
the decoupling algorithm accurately converts four voltage signals output by the turning tool in the sensing system under various cutting states into real-time cutting force signals.
6. A method of operating a surface-integrated self-sensing turning tool system based on any one of claims 1-5, characterized by;
the method comprises the following steps:
wherein F is c 、F f 、F p The main cutting force, the feeding force and the cutting resistance are respectively U 1 、U 2 、U 3 、U 4 Output voltages K of four sets of self-induction components respectively X 、K Y 、K Z The sensitivity of the self-sensing assembly in the feeding force, the cutting resistance and the main cutting force are respectively;
K X 、K Y 、K Z the method can be obtained by the following formula:
in U 0 To self-sense the input voltage of the component, K 0 The sensitivity coefficient of a single resistance wire in the self-sensing component is L is the total length of the resistance wire, L is the total length of the cutter bar, A' is the cross-sectional area of the cutter bar groove 7 part, A 1 ' is the cross-sectional area of the cutter bar near the first square cavity (4) of the cutter head (3), A 2 ' is the cross-sectional area of the cutter bar at the position far away from the second square cavity (14) of the cutter head (3), a ' is the length of the cutter bar groove 7 at the position X direction (the width in the X direction), b ' is the thickness of the cutter bar groove 7 at the position Z direction (the width in the Z direction), a ' is the length of the cutter bar at the position X direction of the first square cavity (4) (the width in the X direction), and b ' is the length of the cutter bar at the position Z direction of the second square cavity (14); y is 1 The position of the cutter bar groove 7 near the tail part and at the tail clamping position isThe position of the cutter bar groove (7) near one end of the cutter head (3) and away from the tail clamping position, y 3 Is the position of the first square cavity (4) of the cutter bar, which is close to one end of the tail and is away from the clamping position of the tail, y 4 The second square cavity (14) of the cutter bar is the position of the end, close to the cutter head (3), of the cutter bar, which is away from the clamping position of the tail.
7. A method of operating a surface-integrated self-sensing turning tool system according to claim 6, wherein; if the requirement on the self-sensing precision of the cutting force self-sensing turning tool system is higher, the error caused by the cutter point position on the self-sensing result is considered, and the corresponding decoupling algorithm is as follows:
wherein c and d are distances of the tool tip from the central axis of the tool holder in the main cutting force and feed force directions, respectively.
8. A method of operating a surface-integrated self-sensing turning tool system according to claim 6, wherein; if the self-sensing accuracy requirement on the cutting force self-sensing turning tool system is very high, not only the error caused by the tool tip position on the self-sensing result, but also the error caused by the tool geometric parameters and the cutting parameters on the self-sensing result are considered, and the corresponding decoupling algorithm is as follows:
、
d ', L' can be obtained by the following formula:
wherein a is p And gamma 0 The back draft and the front angle of the cutter are respectively;
the higher the accuracy of the signal decoupling algorithm is, the higher the complexity is, and a user selects a corresponding signal decoupling algorithm according to the accuracy requirement in the actual working process.
CN202310873209.8A 2023-07-17 2023-07-17 Surface integrated self-sensing turning tool system and method Pending CN116713502A (en)

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