CN116728160A - Cutting force self-sensing turning tool system and method - Google Patents
Cutting force self-sensing turning tool system and method Download PDFInfo
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- CN116728160A CN116728160A CN202310873200.7A CN202310873200A CN116728160A CN 116728160 A CN116728160 A CN 116728160A CN 202310873200 A CN202310873200 A CN 202310873200A CN 116728160 A CN116728160 A CN 116728160A
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- 238000005520 cutting process Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 106
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 23
- 239000000758 substrate Substances 0.000 claims description 13
- 230000035945 sensitivity Effects 0.000 claims description 8
- 230000000712 assembly Effects 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000000429 assembly Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000003825 pressing Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000013480 data collection Methods 0.000 claims 1
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 abstract description 2
- 230000008447 perception Effects 0.000 abstract description 2
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 12
- 230000006835 compression Effects 0.000 description 4
- 238000007906 compression Methods 0.000 description 4
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 description 4
- 238000012544 monitoring process Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000005457 optimization Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000004364 calculation method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000013078 crystal Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000005299 abrasion Methods 0.000 description 1
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- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
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- 238000003754 machining Methods 0.000 description 1
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23Q—DETAILS, COMPONENTS, OR ACCESSORIES FOR MACHINE TOOLS, e.g. ARRANGEMENTS FOR COPYING OR CONTROLLING; MACHINE TOOLS IN GENERAL CHARACTERISED BY THE CONSTRUCTION OF PARTICULAR DETAILS OR COMPONENTS; COMBINATIONS OR ASSOCIATIONS OF METAL-WORKING MACHINES, NOT DIRECTED TO A PARTICULAR RESULT
- B23Q17/00—Arrangements for observing, indicating or measuring on machine tools
- B23Q17/09—Arrangements for observing, indicating or measuring on machine tools for indicating or measuring cutting pressure or for determining cutting-tool condition, e.g. cutting ability, load on tool
- B23Q17/0952—Arrangements for observing, indicating or measuring on machine tools for indicating or measuring cutting pressure or for determining cutting-tool condition, e.g. cutting ability, load on tool during machining
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Abstract
The invention discloses a cutting force self-sensing turning tool system and a method, wherein the cutting force self-sensing turning tool system comprises a tool bar tail part, a groove, a tool bit, a blade and a blade groove; the cutter arbor afterbody passes through the cutter arbor with the tool bit and is connected, and the cutter arbor is elasticity square beam, and the tool bit part is provided with the blade groove, sets up the blade in the blade groove, and four surfaces that the cutter arbor is close to the tool bit part set up four recesses that the structure is identical, and the recess is the perception position of cutting force self-sensing turning tool system, and self-sensing subassembly is fixed to be integrated on four surfaces of recess. The invention has simple structure, only needs to arrange the groove on the cutter bar near the cutter head part, integrates the self-sensing component on the surface of the groove, and has low manufacturing cost and high measuring precision.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of turning force measurement in turning, and particularly relates to a cutting force self-sensing turning tool system and a method.
Background
The on-line monitoring of the cutting state of the cutter not only can improve the machining efficiency and the utilization rate of the cutter, but also can prevent serious consequences of damage to clamps, workpieces and the like caused by unexpected conditions such as cutter abrasion, damage and the like. Cutting force is one of the basic signals most responsive to cutting process information, and is also the most widely used signal for monitoring a cutting process, and is closely related to tool parameters, cutting conditions, tool states, workpiece surface quality, and the like. Thus, cutting force presence measurement is one of the most direct, effective and common ways in cutting presence monitoring.
Under the prior art, the measurement of turning force is mainly realized by a strain-type dynamometer or a piezoelectric dynamometer which is arranged on a cutter. However, these two types of load cells have the following problems due to their own structure and mounting manner: for a strain gauge, due to the limitation of the resistive strain gauge pasting process, on one hand, the measuring precision is low, and on the other hand, the strain gauge is not suitable for being used in a high-temperature environment, so that the application range of the strain gauge is limited. For the piezoelectric type force measuring instrument, due to insufficient unidirectionality of the piezoelectric crystal, mutual interference exists when the piezoelectric crystal measures three-directional force, hysteresis exists when static force is measured, and therefore measuring accuracy is low. The strain type force measuring instrument and the piezoelectric type force measuring instrument are limited in application range due to large size.
For the existing self-sensing cutter, the structure is complex, the measurement precision of the cutter is improved only from the two aspects of cutter structure and self-sensing assembly precision, and the optimization of a decoupling algorithm is not studied too much. However, the decoupling algorithm has a large impact on the accuracy of the self-sensing system. In the existing decoupling algorithm, the stress position of the cutter is only defaulted to be a point on the whole section or the central axis of the cutter bar, and the influence of the cutter point position, other geometric parameters of the cutter and cutting parameters of the cutter on the voltage output of the self-sensing component is avoided. Therefore, the existing decoupling algorithm has a great adverse effect on the self-sensing accuracy of the cutting force.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to overcome the technical problems, the invention aims to provide a cutting force self-sensing turning tool system and a cutting force self-sensing turning tool method, which have simple structures, are low in manufacturing cost and high in measuring precision, and only need to be provided with grooves on the tool bar close to the tool bit.
In order to achieve the above purpose, the technical scheme adopted by the invention is as follows:
a cutting force self-sensing turning tool system comprises a tool bar tail 1, a groove 2, a tool bit 7, a blade 8 and a blade groove 9;
the cutter bar tail 1 is connected with the cutter head 7 through the cutter bar, the cutter bar is an elastic square beam, the cutter head 7 is partially provided with a cutter blade groove 9, a cutter blade 8 is arranged in the cutter blade groove 9, four grooves 2 with identical structures are formed in the four surfaces of the cutter bar, which are close to the cutter head 7, the grooves 2 are sensing parts of a cutting force self-sensing turning cutter system, and the self-sensing components are fixedly integrated on the four surfaces of the grooves 2.
A tightening screw 10 secures the insert 8 in the insert pocket 9; the self-sensing assembly comprises a first self-sensing assembly 3, a second self-sensing assembly 4, a third self-sensing assembly 5 and a fourth self-sensing assembly 6.
The four sets of self-sensing assemblies are identical and work independently without mutual influence.
The voltage signal output by the self-sensing assembly is amplified by a signal amplifier, then is collected by a data acquisition card and is transmitted to a computer system, and the computer builds a data conversion platform by labview software according to a decoupling algorithm to convert the voltage signal into a three-way cutting force signal;
the decoupling algorithm accurately converts four voltage signals output by the turning tool in the sensing system under various cutting states into real-time cutting force signals.
The turning tool insert 8 is an indexable insert.
The four sets of self-sensing assemblies have the same structural performance parameters, each self-sensing assembly comprises an elastic substrate and four resistance strain gages (or two resistance strain gages and two fixed resistors), in each set of self-sensing assembly structure, a half-bridge direct-current circuit is selected as a measuring circuit of the strain gages, and the bridge comprises four bridge arms with pure resistors, wherein the pulling and pressing working directions of the resistance strain gages are consistent with the cutting resistance directions of cutter bars, and U is as follows 0 The power supply voltage is the output voltage; wherein R is 1 And R is 4 The strain gauge is a resistance strain gauge, and changes along with the change of the strain of the cutter bar (the cutter bar is pulled to be positive strain, the strain gauge is pulled to cause the resistance value of the strain gauge to be increased, otherwise, the cutter bar is pressed to be negative strain, the strain gauge is pressed along with the cutter bar to cause the resistance value of the resistance strain gauge to be reduced), R 2 And R is 3 Is a fixed value; the self-sensing component is strained to cause a change in resistance ΔR 1 、ΔR 4 R 1 →R 1 +ΔR 1 、R 4 →R 4 +ΔR 4 When the balance state of the bridge is destroyed, a voltage is generated, and the form of the bridge output voltage is as follows:
the four resistance strain gages (or the two resistance strain gages and the two fixed resistors) are integrated on the same surface of the rectangular elastic substrate to form a half-bridge differential bridge circuit, so that nonlinear errors are eliminated, and meanwhile, temperature errors can be compensated.
A method of using a cutting force self-sensing turning tool system, comprising the steps of;
if the requirement on the self-sensing precision of the cutting force self-sensing turning tool system is lower, and errors caused by the cutter point position to the self-sensing result are not considered, the method comprises the following steps;
wherein F is f 、F p 、F c Respectively a feeding force, a cutting resistance and a main cutting force, U 1 、U 2 、U 3 、U 4 The output voltages of the four sets of self-induction components are respectively; k (K) X 、K Y 、K Z The sensitivity of the groove self-sensing component in the feeding force, the cutting resistance and the main cutting force is obtained by the following formula:
in U 0 To self-sense the input voltage of the component, K 0 The sensitivity coefficient of a single resistance wire in the self-sensing component is L is the total length of the resistance wire, L is the total length of a cutter bar, y 1 And y 2 The distance between the near end and the far end of the groove and the clamping position of the tail part of the cutter bar is E is the elastic modulus of the cutter bar, A and A ' are the cross section area of the tail part of the cutter bar and the cross section area of the groove part of the cutter bar, a, b, a ' and b ' are the lengths of the cross section of the tail part of the cutter bar and the cross section of the groove part in the feeding force direction and the main cutting force direction respectively, K 0 The method can be obtained by the following formula:
K 0 ＝(1+2μ+λE)
wherein E is the elastic modulus of the resistance wire material, lambda is the piezoresistive coefficient, the size of which is related to the material property, and the Poisson's ratio of the resistance wire material.
If the requirement on the self-sensing precision of the cutting force self-sensing turning tool system is higher, the error caused by the cutter point position to the self-sensing result is considered, and the method comprises the following steps of;
wherein c and d are distances from the cutter bar central axis in the directions of main cutting force and feeding force, K X 、K Y 、K Z The sensitivity coefficients of the sensitive part of the cutter bar in three directions of X (feeding force direction), Y (cutting resistance direction) and Z (main cutting force direction) are respectively, U 1 、U 2 、U 3 、U 4 Output voltages of four sets of self-sensing components respectively, F f 、F p 、F c Respectively, a feeding force, a cutting resistance and a main cutting force.
If the self-sensing accuracy requirement on the cutting force self-sensing turning tool system is very high, not only the error caused by the tool tip position on the self-sensing result, but also the error caused by the tool geometric parameters and the cutting parameters on the self-sensing result are considered, and the method comprises the following steps of;
wherein c and d are distances from the cutter bar central axis in the directions of main cutting force and feeding force, K X 、K Y 、K Z The sensitivity coefficients of the sensitive part of the cutter bar in three directions of X (feeding force direction), Y (cutting resistance direction) and Z (main cutting force direction) are respectively, U 1 、U 2 、U 3 、U 4 Output voltages of four sets of self-sensing components respectively, F f 、F p 、F c Respectively a feeding force, a cutting resistance and a main cutting force p And gamma 0 The back draft and the front angle of the cutter are respectively.
The invention has the beneficial effects that:
the system has simple structure, and only needs to arrange the groove on the cutter bar near the cutter head part, and integrate the self-sensing component on the surface of the groove;
aiming at different precision requirements, when the self-sensing precision requirements are lower, the decoupling algorithm which does not consider the knife tip position and other geometric parameters and cutting parameters of the knife is adopted, and the algorithm is simple and convenient to calculate;
when the requirement on self-sensing precision is higher, a method for considering the knife tip position is available, and the calculation difficulty of the method is higher than that of the method, but the precision can be obviously improved;
when the self-sensing precision is extremely high, a method of considering the position of the tool nose and other geometric parameters and cutting parameters of the tool is adopted, and the calculation difficulty of the method is higher than that of the former two, but the precision is extremely high.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a schematic diagram of the cutting force self-sensing turning tool system of the present invention.
Fig. 2 is a three-view of a number one self-sensing assembly.
Fig. 3 is a three-view of a second self-sensing assembly.
Fig. 4 is a three view of a third self-sensing assembly.
Fig. 5 is a three-view of a fourth self-sensing assembly.
Fig. 6 is a circuit diagram of a number one self-sensing assembly bridge.
Fig. 7 is a bridge circuit diagram of a second self-sensing assembly.
Fig. 8 is a circuit diagram of a third self-sensing assembly bridge.
Fig. 9 is a fourth self-sensing assembly bridge circuit diagram.
FIG. 10 is a circuit diagram of a self-sensing device
FIG. 11 is a schematic diagram of the equivalent conversion of the force-receiving position from the nose to the axis of the tool bar.
Fig. 12 is a schematic view of the cutting geometry of the tool.
Fig. 13 is a front view and a top view of a cutting force self-sensing tool.
In the figure: 1-tail of cutter bar; 2-grooves; 3-number one self-sensing assembly; a number 4-two self-sensing assembly; a No. 5-No. three self-sensing assembly; 6-fourth self-sensing component; 7, a cutter head; 8-a blade; 9-blade grooves; 10-fastening a screw; 301-number one self-sensing assembly elastomeric substrate; 302-strain gauge number one of the number one self-sensing assembly; 303-strain gauge No. two (or fixed resistance) of the No. one self-sensing element; 304-No. three strain gauge (or fixed resistance) of the self-sensing component No. one; 305-gauge number four of the self-sensing assembly number one; 401-second self-sensing component elastic substrate; 402-No. one strain gauge of No. two self-sensing components; 403-strain gauge number two (or fixed resistance) of the number two self-sensing component; 404-No. three strain gauge (or fixed resistance) of the No. two self-sensing assembly; 405-No. four strain gauge of No. two self-sensing components; 501-third self-sensing component elastic substrate; 502-No. one strain gauge of No. three self-sensing assembly; 503-strain gauge No. two (or fixed resistance) of No. three self-sensing components; 504-No. three strain gauge (or fixed resistance) of No. three self-sensing components; 505-No. four strain gauge 601-No. four self-sensing component elastic substrates of No. three self-sensing components; 602-a first strain gauge of a fourth self-sensing assembly; 603-strain gauge No. two (or fixed resistance) of No. four self-sensing components; 604-No. three strain gauge (or fixed resistance) of No. four self-sensing components; 605-No. four strain gauge of the No. four self-sensing assembly.
Detailed Description
The invention is described in further detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings.
Example 1
As shown in fig. 1-13: a cutting force self-sensing turning tool system and a decoupling algorithm thereof, the cutting force self-sensing turning tool system comprises a tool shank tail 1, a groove 2, a self-sensing assembly, a tool bit 7 and an insert 8.
The cutter bar is an elastic square beam, the cutter head 7 is provided with a cutter blade groove 9, and a fastening screw 10 is used for fixing the cutter blade 8 in the cutter blade groove 9; the cutter arbor is close to the recess 2 that the tool bit 7 part four surfaces set up four structures identical, and recess 2 is the perception position of cutting force self-sensing turning cutter system, and four sets of self-sensing subassemblies are fixed to be integrated on recess 2 four surfaces. The decoupling algorithm accurately converts four voltage signals output by the turning tool in the sensing system under various cutting states into real-time cutting force signals.
The elastic materials of the whole cutter bar are 40Cr and 42CrMo.
Referring to fig. 1, a cutter head 7 is provided with an insert pocket 9 for mounting an insert 8, the insert 8 being mounted in the insert pocket 9 by means of a fastening screw 10, the mounted insert 8 being an indexable insert. The cutter bar is near the cutter head 7 and is provided with a groove 2, and four self-sensing components are arranged on four surfaces of the groove 2. The four sets of self-sensing assemblies have the same structural performance parameters, and comprise an elastic substrate and four resistance strain grids, a half-bridge direct current circuit is selected as a measuring circuit of the strain gauge, the structure of the direct current bridge circuit is shown in fig. 3, and fig. 4 is a specific position and connection schematic diagram of the resistance. The bridge comprises four pure-resistance bridge arms, U 0 Is the supply voltage, and U is the output voltage. Wherein R is 1 And R is 4 Are resistance strain gauges, which change along with the change of the strain of the cutter bar, R 2 And R is 3 Is a fixed value. The self-sensing component is strained to cause a change in resistance ΔR 1 、ΔR 4 (R 1 →R 1 +ΔR 1 、R 4 →R 4 +ΔR 4 ) When in use, the bridgeThe equilibrium state is destroyed, producing a voltage output.
If the requirement on the precision is not high in the cutting process of the cutter, the influence of the cutter point position on the output result of the sensing component is not needed to be considered, or when the cutter point is positioned on a point on the central axis of the cutter bar, the decoupling of the sensing signal is carried out by adopting a decoupling algorithm which is caused by the self-sensing result and does not need to be considered.
If the requirements on precision are high in the cutting process of the cutter, and the cutter point position is not collinear with the central axis of the cutter bar, the influence of the cutter point position on the output result of the sensing assembly needs to be considered, in this case, the stress result of the cutter point needs to be equivalently converted to the central axis of the cutter bar, and at the moment, the decoupling of the sensing signal needs to be performed by adopting a decoupling algorithm which considers the cutter point position to cause the self-sensing result.
If the requirements on precision are extremely high in the cutting process of the cutter, and the cutter point position is not collinear with the central axis of the cutter bar, the influence of the cutter point position, other geometric parameters of the cutter and cutting parameters on the output result of the sensing component needs to be considered, in this case, the main cutting edge needs to participate in equivalently converting the point stress result of the cutting part onto the central axis of the cutter bar, and at this moment, decoupling of sensing signals needs to be carried out by adopting a decoupling algorithm which takes the cutter point position, other geometric parameters and cutting parameters into consideration and causes the self-sensing result.
The working principle of the invention is as follows:
as shown in fig. 2: the first self-sensing component independently forms a first output unit, and comprises a first self-sensing component elastic substrate 301, two resistance strain gauges 302 and 305 with resistance values changing along with the stress of a cutter bar, and two strain gauges (or fixed resistors) 303 and 304 with resistance values not changing. Under the independent action of the main cutting force, the first self-sensing component is subjected to tensile stress, the resistance values of the strain gauges 302 and 305 become larger under the action of the tensile stress, and the resistance values of the strain gauges (or fixed resistors) 303 and 304 remain unchanged. As shown in fig. 6: the first self-sensing element is connected in 302-303-305-304-302, i.e., 302 and 303 are connected in series, 305 and 304 are connected in series, and then connected in parallel to the input voltage dimension U 0 And 302 and 305 are not adjacent, and 303 and 304 are not adjacent. Resistance should beThe resistance values of the variable sheets 302 and 305 become large, resulting in an output voltage U 1 Changing from 0 to positive. Under the independent action of the cutting resistance, the strain gauges 302 and 305 are stressed by compression, the resistance value is reduced, and the resistance values of the strain gauges (or fixed resistors) 303 and 304 are kept unchanged, so that the output voltage U is caused 1 From 0 to negative. Output voltage U without individual action of feed force 1 An influence is generated.
As shown in fig. 3: the second self-sensing component independently forms a second output unit, and comprises a second self-sensing component elastic substrate 401, two resistance strain gauges 402 and 405 with resistance values changing along with the stress of a cutter bar, and two strain gauges (or fixed resistors) 403 and 404 with resistance values not changing. Under the independent action of the feeding force, the second self-sensing component is subjected to tensile stress, the resistance values of the strain gauges 402 and 405 become larger under the action of the tensile stress, and the resistance values of the strain gauges (or fixed resistors) 403 and 404 remain unchanged. As shown in fig. 7: the second self-sensing element is connected in 402-403-405-404-402, i.e., 402 and 403 are connected in series, 405 and 404 are connected in series, and then connected in parallel to the input voltage dimension U 0 And 402 and 405 are not adjacent, 403 and 404 are not adjacent. The resistance values of the resistive strain gages 402 and 405 become large, resulting in an output voltage U 2 Changing from 0 to positive. Under the independent action of the cutting resistance, the strain gauges 402 and 405 are stressed by compression, the resistance value is reduced, the resistance values of the strain gauges (or fixed resistors) 403 and 404 are kept unchanged, and the output voltage U is caused 2 From 0 to negative. Output voltage U without independent action of main cutting force 2 An influence is generated.
As shown in fig. 4: the third self-sensing component independently forms a third output unit, and comprises a third self-sensing component elastic substrate 501, two resistance strain gauges 502 and 505 with resistance values changing along with the stress of a cutter bar, and two strain gauges (or fixed resistors) 503 and 504 with resistance values not changing. Under the independent action of the main cutting force, the third self-sensing component is subjected to compressive stress, the resistance values of the strain gauges 502 and 505 become smaller under the action of the compressive stress, and the resistance values of the strain gauges (or fixed resistors) 503 and 504 remain unchanged. As shown in fig. 8: the third self-sensing component is connected in a manner of 502-503-505-504-502, namely a string of 502 and 503The strings 505 and 504 are connected in series and then in parallel to the input voltage dimension U 0 And 502 and 505 are not adjacent, and 503 and 504 are not adjacent. The resistance values of the resistive strain gages 502 and 505 become small, resulting in an output voltage U 3 From 0 to negative. Under the independent action of the cutting resistance, the strain gauges 502 and 505 are stressed by compression, the resistance value is reduced, the resistance values of the strain gauges (or fixed resistors) 503 and 504 are kept unchanged, and the output voltage U is caused 3 From 0 to negative. Output voltage U without individual action of feed force 3 An influence is generated.
As shown in fig. 5: the fourth self-sensing component independently forms a third output unit, and comprises a fourth self-sensing component elastic substrate 601, two resistance strain gauges 602 and 605 with resistance values changing along with the stress of a cutter bar, and two strain gauges (or fixed resistors) 603 and 604 with resistance values not changing. Under the independent action of the feeding force, the fourth self-sensing component is subjected to compressive stress, the resistance values of the strain gauges 602 and 605 become smaller under the action of the compressive stress, and the resistance values of the strain gauges (or fixed resistors) 603 and 604 remain unchanged. As shown in fig. 9: the third self-sensing element is connected in 602-603-605-604-602, i.e. 602 and 603 are connected in series, 605 and 604 are connected in series, and then connected in parallel to the input voltage dimension U 0 And 602 and 605 are not adjacent, 603 and 604 are not adjacent. The resistance values of the resistive strain gages 602 and 605 become small, resulting in an output voltage U 4 From 0 to negative. Under the independent action of the cutting resistance, the strain gauges 602 and 605 are stressed by compression, the resistance value is reduced, the resistance values of the strain gauges (or fixed resistors) 603 and 604 are kept unchanged, and the output voltage U is caused 4 From 0 to negative. Output voltage U without independent action of main cutting force 4 An influence is generated.
Under the independent action of main cutting force, U 1 And U 3 Equal in size and opposite in sign; under the independent action of the feeding force, U 2 And U 4 Equal in size and opposite in sign. But the cutter is simultaneously subjected to main cutting force, feeding force and cutting resistance in the actual working process, and the forces in three directions are mutually coupled. Therefore, the three-way cutting force cannot be directly calibrated by the output voltage of the self-sensing assembly acquired by the data acquisition card, and the cutting force is calibratedSignal decoupling is required first.
As shown in fig. 11: the process diagram of the equivalent conversion of the stress position of the cutter to the main shaft position of the cutter bar is also a schematic diagram of the decoupling algorithm optimization considering the cutter point position.
As shown in fig. 12: the short message schematic diagram of the geometric position of the cutting process of the cutter is also a decoupling algorithm optimization schematic diagram considering geometric parameters and cutting parameters. Decoupling principle:
solving to obtain:
Claims (7)
1. a cutting force self-sensing turning tool system, which is characterized by comprising a tool bar tail (1), a groove (2), a tool bit (7), a blade (8) and a blade groove (9);
the cutter bar tail (1) is connected with the cutter head (7) through the cutter bar, the cutter bar is an elastic square beam, the cutter head (7) is provided with a blade groove (9), a blade (8) is arranged in the blade groove (9), four grooves (2) with identical structures are formed in the four surfaces of the cutter bar, which are close to the cutter head (7), of the cutter bar, the grooves (2) are sensing parts of a cutting force self-sensing turning cutter system, and the self-sensing components are fixedly integrated on the four surfaces of the grooves (2).
2. A cutting force self-sensing turning tool system according to claim 1, characterized in that the tightening screw (10) secures the insert (8) in the insert pocket (9); the self-sensing assembly comprises a first self-sensing assembly (3), a second self-sensing assembly (4), a third self-sensing assembly (5) and a fourth self-sensing assembly (6).
3. A cutting force self-sensing turning tool system according to claim 2, wherein said four sets of self-sensing assemblies operate identically, independently, and independently of each other.
4. The cutting force self-sensing turning tool system according to claim 1, wherein the voltage signal output by the self-sensing component is amplified by a signal amplifier firstly, then is collected by a data collection card and is transmitted to a computer system, and the computer builds a data conversion platform by labview software according to a decoupling algorithm to convert the voltage signal into a three-way cutting force signal;
the decoupling algorithm accurately converts four voltage signals output by the turning tool in the sensing system under various cutting states into real-time cutting force signals.
5. A cutting force self-sensing turning tool system according to claim 1, characterized in that the turning tool insert (8) employs an indexable insert.
6. The cutting force self-sensing turning tool system according to claim 1, wherein the four self-sensing assemblies have the same structural performance parameters, the self-sensing assemblies comprise an elastic substrate and four resistance strain gages (or two resistance strain gages and two fixed resistors), each self-sensing assembly structure comprises a half-bridge direct current circuit selected as a measuring circuit of the strain gages, and a bridge comprising four pure-resistance bridge arms, wherein the pulling and pressing working directions of the resistance strain gages are consistent with the direction of the resistance of the cutting tool acted by the cutter bar, and U is as follows 0 The power supply voltage is U, and the output voltage is U; wherein R is 1 And R is 4 The resistance strain gauge is changed along with the change of the strain of the cutter bar (the cutter bar is pulled to be positive strain, the strain gauge is pulled to cause the resistance value of the strain gauge to be increased), otherwise, the cutter bar is stressed to be negative strain, the strain gauge is stressed along with the cutter bar to cause the resistance value of the resistance strain gauge to be reduced), R 2 And R is 3 Is a fixed value; the self-sensing component is strained to cause a change in resistance ΔR 1 、ΔR 4 R 1 →R 1 +ΔR 1 、R 4 →R 4 +ΔR 4 When the balance state of the bridge is destroyed, a voltage is generated, and the bridge circuit outputs electricityThe form of the pressure is:
the four resistance strain gages (or the two resistance strain gages and the two fixed resistors) are integrated on the same surface of the rectangular elastic substrate to form a half-bridge differential bridge circuit, so that nonlinear errors are eliminated, and meanwhile, temperature errors can be compensated.
7. A method of using a cutting force self-sensing turning tool system according to any one of claims 1-6, comprising the steps of;
if the requirement on the self-sensing precision of the cutting force self-sensing turning tool system is lower, and errors caused by the cutter point position to the self-sensing result are not considered, the method comprises the following steps;
wherein F is f 、F p 、F c Respectively a feeding force, a cutting resistance and a main cutting force, U 1 、U 2 、U 3 、U 4 The output voltages of the four sets of self-induction components are respectively; k (K) X 、K Y 、K Z The sensitivity of the groove self-sensing component in the feeding force, the cutting resistance and the main cutting force is obtained by the following formula:
in U 0 To self-sense the input voltage of the component, K 0 The sensitivity coefficient of a single resistance wire in the self-sensing component is L is the total length of the resistance wire, L is the total length of a cutter bar, y 1 And y 2 The distance between the near end and the far end of the groove and the clamping position of the tail part of the cutter bar is E is the elastic modulus of the cutter bar, A and A ' are the cross section area of the tail part of the cutter bar and the cross section area of the groove part of the cutter bar, a, b, a ' and b ' are the lengths of the cross section of the tail part of the cutter bar and the cross section of the groove part in the feeding force direction and the main cutting force direction respectively, K 0 The method can be obtained by the following formula:
K 0 ＝(1+2μ+λE)
wherein E is the elastic modulus of the resistance wire material, lambda is the piezoresistive coefficient, the size of which is related to the material property, mu is the Poisson's ratio of the resistance wire material;
if the requirement on the self-sensing precision of the cutting force self-sensing turning tool system is higher, the error caused by the cutter point position to the self-sensing result is considered, and the method comprises the following steps of;
wherein c and d are distances from the cutter bar central axis in the directions of main cutting force and feeding force, K X 、K Y 、K Z The sensitivity coefficients of the sensitive part of the cutter bar in three directions of X (feeding force direction), Y (cutting resistance direction) and Z (main cutting force direction) are respectively, U 1 、U 2 、U 3 、U 4 Output voltages of four sets of self-sensing components respectively, F f 、F p 、F c Respectively a feeding force, a cutting resistance and a main cutting force;
if the self-sensing accuracy requirement on the cutting force self-sensing turning tool system is very high, not only the error caused by the tool tip position on the self-sensing result, but also the error caused by the tool geometric parameters and the cutting parameters on the self-sensing result are considered, and the method comprises the following steps of;
wherein c and d are distances from the cutter bar central axis in the directions of main cutting force and feeding force, K X 、K Y 、K Z The sensitivity coefficients of the sensitive part of the cutter bar in three directions of X (feeding force direction), Y (cutting resistance direction) and Z (main cutting force direction) are respectively, U 1 、U 2 、U 3 、U 4 Output voltages of four sets of self-sensing components respectively, F f 、F p 、F c Respectively a feeding force, a cutting resistance and a main cutting force p And gamma 0 The back draft and the front angle of the cutter are respectively.
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| JP7424711B1 (en) | 2023-11-24 | 2024-01-30 | 国立大学法人島根大学 | Measuring equipment and tool holders |
| CN117629476A (en) * | 2024-01-26 | 2024-03-01 | 中车齐齐哈尔车辆有限公司 | Pressure sensor and method for detecting brake shoe pressure |
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| JP7424711B1 (en) | 2023-11-24 | 2024-01-30 | 国立大学法人島根大学 | Measuring equipment and tool holders |
| CN117629476A (en) * | 2024-01-26 | 2024-03-01 | 中车齐齐哈尔车辆有限公司 | Pressure sensor and method for detecting brake shoe pressure |
| CN117629476B (en) * | 2024-01-26 | 2024-04-16 | 中车齐齐哈尔车辆有限公司 | Pressure sensor and method for detecting brake shoe pressure |
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