CN116713474B - Smelting method and system of superfine zinc powder - Google Patents
Smelting method and system of superfine zinc powder Download PDFInfo
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- CN116713474B CN116713474B CN202310606581.2A CN202310606581A CN116713474B CN 116713474 B CN116713474 B CN 116713474B CN 202310606581 A CN202310606581 A CN 202310606581A CN 116713474 B CN116713474 B CN 116713474B
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- HCHKCACWOHOZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Zinc Chemical compound [Zn] HCHKCACWOHOZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims abstract description 264
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 30
- 238000003723 Smelting Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 28
- 239000011701 zinc Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 201
- 229910052725 zinc Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 201
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 136
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 104
- 238000002844 melting Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 98
- 230000008018 melting Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 98
- 230000006698 induction Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 73
- 230000005540 biological transmission Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 63
- 238000009833 condensation Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 44
- 230000005494 condensation Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 44
- 238000002425 crystallisation Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 38
- 230000008025 crystallization Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 38
- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 29
- 230000001502 supplementing effect Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 16
- 238000012546 transfer Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 11
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- 238000010791 quenching Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- 230000000171 quenching effect Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- 230000005855 radiation Effects 0.000 claims description 40
- 230000005684 electric field Effects 0.000 claims description 20
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 claims description 10
- 230000005674 electromagnetic induction Effects 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000012535 impurity Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 5
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000011261 inert gas Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 150000002739 metals Chemical class 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000012544 monitoring process Methods 0.000 claims 1
- 238000013139 quantization Methods 0.000 abstract 1
- 239000000543 intermediate Substances 0.000 description 22
- 238000001704 evaporation Methods 0.000 description 15
- 230000008020 evaporation Effects 0.000 description 11
- XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Iron Chemical compound [Fe] XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 8
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 7
- 230000033228 biological regulation Effects 0.000 description 6
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- XLOMVQKBTHCTTD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Zinc monoxide Chemical compound [Zn]=O XLOMVQKBTHCTTD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 description 4
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 4
- 229910052742 iron Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 239000007769 metal material Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000012768 molten material Substances 0.000 description 4
- 230000001105 regulatory effect Effects 0.000 description 4
- 238000010790 dilution Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000012895 dilution Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000012545 processing Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000002893 slag Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229910001111 Fine metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 238000009835 boiling Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000001276 controlling effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000011161 development Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000005389 magnetism Effects 0.000 description 2
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 238000011002 quantification Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000000630 rising effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 229920006395 saturated elastomer Polymers 0.000 description 2
- HBMJWWWQQXIZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N silicon carbide Chemical compound [Si+]#[C-] HBMJWWWQQXIZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910010271 silicon carbide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000011787 zinc oxide Substances 0.000 description 2
- FECNOIODIVNEKI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-[(2-aminobenzoyl)amino]benzoic acid Chemical class NC1=CC=CC=C1C(=O)NC1=CC=CC=C1C(O)=O FECNOIODIVNEKI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 241000489975 Diabrotica Species 0.000 description 1
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000002131 composite material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000010485 coping Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005260 corrosion Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000013078 crystal Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000007547 defect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000003814 drug Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000009776 industrial production Methods 0.000 description 1
- KFZAUHNPPZCSCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N iron zinc Chemical compound [Fe].[Zn] KFZAUHNPPZCSCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000000696 magnetic material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005272 metallurgy Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000003973 paint Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000575 pesticide Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000004321 preservation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000009467 reduction Effects 0.000 description 1
- JVBXVOWTABLYPX-UHFFFAOYSA-L sodium dithionite Chemical compound [Na+].[Na+].[O-]S(=O)S([O-])=O JVBXVOWTABLYPX-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000013589 supplement Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000002195 synergetic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
- B22F9/00—Making metallic powder or suspensions thereof
- B22F9/02—Making metallic powder or suspensions thereof using physical processes
- B22F9/12—Making metallic powder or suspensions thereof using physical processes starting from gaseous material
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
- Y02P10/00—Technologies related to metal processing
- Y02P10/20—Recycling
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- Manufacture And Refinement Of Metals (AREA)
Abstract
The invention provides a smelting method and a smelting system of superfine zinc powder, which are characterized in that a zinc-containing raw material is placed in a resistance melting furnace and heated and melted to obtain zinc-containing molten liquid; when the liquid level of the zinc-containing molten liquid in the resistance melting furnace is higher than a first set height, extracting zinc liquid from the top of the layered zinc-containing molten liquid, inputting the zinc liquid into the medium-frequency induction heating furnace through a first transmission pipeline, and heating the zinc liquid until the zinc liquid is evaporated to generate zinc vapor; wherein, the heating power of the medium frequency induction heating furnace is 3-5.5 times of that of the resistance melting furnace; leading zinc vapor into a second transmission pipeline provided with a heat supplementing device, leading the overheated zinc vapor into a condenser for quenching, keeping circulating flowing dilute zinc vapor in a condensation crystallization area of the condenser, taking away generated zinc dust by utilizing air flow, and obtaining ultrafine zinc powder in a collecting area; wherein the concentration of zinc vapour in the condensation crystallization zone is not higher than 30% of the concentration of zinc vapour in the second transfer line. The invention precisely controls the quantization degree of each step and realizes continuous high-quality production.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of metal smelting, and particularly relates to a smelting method and system of superfine zinc powder.
Background
Zinc powder is widely used in industry, and as the demand for zinc powder is further refined, the demand for ultrafine zinc powder is rapidly growing. The average grain size of the superfine zinc powder is 3-4 mu m, and the superfine zinc powder is mainly used as a key raw material of zinc-rich anti-corrosion paint or applied to industries such as chemical industry (such as sodium hydrosulfite, lithopone, diabrotica, dye intermediates and the like), metallurgy, medicine, pesticide and the like.
In the process of producing the superfine zinc powder, the prior smelting technology has insufficient heating uniformity on raw materials, so that the raw materials are heated locally easily, the heating process is controlled inaccurately, continuous smelting cannot be realized, the production efficiency is low, and the thermal management on three changing processes of melting, evaporating and condensing of the superfine zinc powder is not in place, so that the produced zinc powder has different thickness.
At present, as the main key core technology of the superfine zinc powder is not overcome at home, the method is mainly mastered in foreign enterprises, and in order to realize the high-quality development requirement of China, the development of a smelting method and a smelting system of the superfine zinc powder is very necessary
The foregoing is provided merely for the purpose of facilitating understanding of the technical solutions of the present invention and is not intended to represent an admission that the foregoing is prior art.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to overcome the defects in the prior art and provides a smelting method and a smelting system of superfine zinc powder, which are mainly used for solving the problems that high-quality superfine zinc powder cannot be continuously produced in the prior art.
In order to achieve the above object, in a first aspect, the present invention provides a smelting method of ultra-fine zinc powder, comprising the steps of:
placing a zinc-containing raw material in a resistance melting furnace, and heating and melting the zinc-containing raw material to obtain zinc-containing molten liquid;
when the temperature is kept until the liquid level of the zinc-containing molten liquid in the resistance melting furnace is higher than a first set height, extracting zinc liquid from the top of the layered zinc-containing molten liquid, inputting the zinc liquid into the medium-frequency induction heating furnace through a first transmission pipeline, and heating the zinc liquid until the zinc liquid is evaporated to generate zinc vapor; wherein the heating power of the medium frequency induction heating furnace is 3-5.5 times of that of the resistance melting furnace;
leading zinc vapor into a second transmission pipeline provided with a heat supplementing device, leading the overheated zinc vapor into a condenser for quenching, keeping circulating flowing dilute zinc vapor in a condensation crystallization area of the condenser, taking away generated zinc dust by utilizing air flow, and obtaining ultrafine zinc powder in a collecting area; wherein the concentration of zinc vapour in the condensation crystallization zone is not higher than 30% of the concentration of zinc vapour in the second transfer line.
In some embodiments, the heat compensating device comprises a plurality of electromagnetic induction heat compensating modules, the electromagnetic induction heat compensating modules are distributed in the circumference of the second transmission pipeline, and the total heating power of the heat compensating device is not higher than 30% of the resistance melting furnace and not lower than 10% of the resistance melting furnace.
In some embodiments, the volume of the zinc liquid input into the medium frequency induction heating furnace through the first transmission pipeline in each minute causes the liquid level of the zinc liquid in the medium frequency induction heating furnace to be changed by not more than 3 cm to 5cm, and the liquid level is controlled between a highest liquid level line and a lowest liquid level line.
In some embodiments, the first transmission pipeline is a siphon transmission pipeline, an electric field application component is arranged at the outer wall surface of the siphon transmission pipeline, the electric field application component is used for forming an electric field at least comprising a part of the siphon transmission pipeline after being electrified, and electric field lines of the electric field point to the outer wall surface direction of the siphon transmission pipeline and are used for adsorbing magnetic impurity metals in the siphon transmission pipeline.
In some embodiments, during the heating to melt the zinc-containing feedstock, further comprising:
mixing zinc-containing raw materials and active carbon according to a weight ratio of 1:1, placing the mixture in a resistance melting furnace, vacuumizing the resistance melting furnace, and applying microwave radiation into the furnace on the basis of the resistance melting furnace, wherein the power of the microwave radiation is not more than that of the resistance melting furnace.
In some embodiments, the level of zinc-containing melt in the resistance melting furnace is monitored;
when the liquid level of the zinc-containing molten liquid is lower than a second set height value, reducing the heating power of the medium-frequency induction heating furnace to A times of the sum of the actual power of the resistance melting furnace and the actual power of the microwave radiation, and/or increasing the power of the microwave radiation;
when the liquid level of the zinc-containing molten liquid is higher than a third set height value, increasing the heating power of the medium-frequency induction heating furnace to B times of the sum of the actual power of the resistance melting furnace and the actual power of the microwave radiation, and/or reducing the power of the microwave radiation;
wherein, 4 > B > A > 1.5.
In some embodiments, when the power of the medium frequency induction heating furnace is increased, the total heating power of the heat supplementing device is increased, and the flow rate and the concentration of zinc vapor in the condensation crystallization area are increased, wherein the concentration is not lower than 20% of the concentration of zinc vapor in the second transmission pipeline;
when the power of the medium-frequency induction heating furnace is reduced, the total heating power of the heat supplementing device is reduced, the zinc vapor flow and concentration of the condensation crystallization area are reduced, and the concentration is not higher than 15% of the zinc vapor concentration in the second transmission pipeline.
In some embodiments, the alternating current frequency of the medium frequency induction heating furnace is 1-10kHz, the temperature rise and fall speed of the zinc liquid is not more than 30K/s, and the temperature rise and fall error of the zinc liquid is not more than 1.5K.
In some embodiments, inert gas is passed into the condensation crystallization zone of the condenser to dilute and control the concentration of zinc vapor in the condensation crystallization zone and to provide pneumatic power.
In a second aspect, the invention provides a smelting system applying the smelting method of ultrafine zinc powder, which comprises a resistance melting furnace, a first transmission pipeline, an intermediate frequency induction heating furnace, a second transmission pipeline and a condenser;
the resistance melting furnace is used for accommodating zinc-containing raw materials and heating and melting the zinc-containing raw materials to obtain zinc-containing molten liquid;
the first transmission pipeline is used for communicating the resistance melting furnace and the medium-frequency induction heating furnace, a first valve is arranged in the first transmission pipeline, and the first valve is configured to pump out zinc liquid from the top of the layered zinc-containing molten liquid when the liquid level of the zinc-containing molten liquid in the resistance melting furnace is higher than a first set height;
the medium-frequency induction heating furnace is used for heating zinc liquid to evaporate to generate zinc vapor; wherein the heating power of the medium frequency induction heating furnace is 3-5.5 times of that of the resistance melting furnace;
the second transmission pipeline is used for communicating the medium-frequency induction heating furnace and the condenser, and is provided with a heat supplementing device for heating zinc vapor to form superheated zinc vapor;
the condenser is used for quenching the overheated zinc vapor, the circulating flow of dilute zinc vapor is kept in a condensation crystallization area of the condenser, generated zinc dust is taken away by utilizing air flow, and ultrafine zinc powder is obtained in a collecting area; wherein the concentration of zinc vapour in the condensation crystallization zone is not higher than 30% of the concentration of zinc vapour in the second transfer line.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the beneficial effects that at least:
1. in order to realize continuous high-quality production, the quantification degree of each step is precisely controlled, and high-purity zinc liquid is pumped out from the top of the resistance melting furnace and is transmitted to the intermediate frequency induction heating furnace only when the zinc-containing molten liquid in the resistance melting furnace is higher than a first set height, and the resistance melting furnace is responsible for melting zinc-containing raw materials and the intermediate frequency induction heating furnace is responsible for evaporating the zinc liquid due to different functions and actions;
2. in order to obtain the superfine zinc powder, the temperature difference from zinc vapor to zinc powder needs to be increased, so that the zinc vapor is further subjected to heat compensation in the second transmission pipeline to have a certain degree of superheat, and is quenched in a condensation crystallization area of a condenser to form superfine zinc dust, finally the zinc powder is obtained, the dilute zinc vapor is maintained circularly in the condensation process, and the superfine zinc powder is obtained after rapid dilution due to the suddenly drop of the concentration of the zinc vapor when entering the condensation crystallization area from the second transmission pipeline.
Drawings
The invention will be further described with reference to the accompanying drawings, in which embodiments do not constitute any limitation of the invention, and other drawings can be obtained by one of ordinary skill in the art without inventive effort from the following drawings.
FIG. 1 is a schematic flow chart of a smelting method of superfine zinc powder.
FIG. 2 is a process flow chart of a smelting method of the ultra-fine zinc powder.
FIG. 3 is a schematic flow chart of a smelting system of the ultra-fine zinc powder.
Detailed Description
The following description of the embodiments of the present invention will be made apparent and fully in view of the accompanying drawings, in which some, but not all embodiments of the invention are shown. All other embodiments, which can be made by those skilled in the art based on the embodiments of the invention without making any inventive effort, are intended to be within the scope of the invention.
In the description of the present invention, it should be noted that the directions or positional relationships indicated by the terms "center", "upper", "lower", "left", "right", "vertical", "horizontal", "inner", "outer", etc. are based on the directions or positional relationships shown in the drawings, are merely for convenience of describing the present invention and simplifying the description, and do not indicate or imply that the devices or elements referred to must have a specific orientation, be configured and operated in a specific orientation, and thus should not be construed as limiting the present invention. Furthermore, the terms "first," "second," and "third" are used for descriptive purposes only and are not to be construed as indicating or implying relative importance.
The inventors found that:
in the production of ultrafine zinc powder, the existing technology mainly aims at obtaining ultrafine zinc powder, and the sustainability of the ultrafine zinc powder after application to actual scenes is not considered, and in addition, due to the diversity of industrial production, when zinc powder is prepared by utilizing recycled materials, zinc oxide ores and other raw materials containing more iron and other impurities, the influence of the impurities cannot be eliminated, so that the purity of the final zinc powder is not high.
In view of this, referring to fig. 1, in a first aspect, the present embodiment provides a method for smelting ultra-fine zinc powder, comprising the steps of:
placing a zinc-containing raw material in a resistance melting furnace, heating and melting the zinc-containing raw material to a temperature above the melting point of 419.5 ℃ of zinc to obtain zinc-containing molten liquid; the zinc-containing raw material may be a zinc oxide ore raw material or a zinc ingot, and is not limited thereto, and it is unavoidable that the zinc-containing raw material contains at least an iron material in addition to a zinc material;
after zinc-containing raw materials begin to be melted, heat preservation is carried out in a resistance melting furnace to enable more zinc-containing raw materials to be melted until the liquid level of the zinc-containing molten materials in the resistance melting furnace is higher than a first set height, the zinc-containing molten materials are proved to stand for a certain time to naturally form layering, heavy zinc iron slag can sink at the bottom of the molten materials, lighter zinc liquid can be at the upper layer, at the moment, zinc liquid is extracted from the top of the layered zinc-containing molten materials and is input into an intermediate frequency induction heating furnace through a first transmission pipeline, a larger part of iron impurities can be separated out, and the first transmission pipeline is provided with a first valve which is used for controlling the on-off of the first transmission pipeline;
then, heating the zinc liquid to 900-950 ℃ by using an intermediate frequency induction heating furnace, so that the zinc liquid is slowly and continuously evaporated in a temperature zone with a boiling point lower than that of the zinc liquid, and zinc vapor is generated by evaporation, and the zinc vapor with a smaller particle size is more gently boiled, so that the zinc vapor can escape from the surface of the zinc liquid; the heating power of the intermediate frequency induction heating furnace is 3-5.5 times of that of the resistance melting furnace, and the required heat is larger than that of the zinc-containing raw material because the zinc liquid is evaporated from the liquid state to the gas state, so that the heating power of the intermediate frequency induction heating furnace is larger than that of the resistance melting furnace, but the heating power of the intermediate frequency induction heating furnace is further limited for precisely quantifying the heat management of each procedure so as to realize the mass transfer balance with the resistance melting furnace;
the zinc vapor evaporated from the medium-frequency induction heating furnace is led to a second transmission pipeline provided with a heat supplementing device, in the second transmission pipeline, the zinc vapor is further supplemented with heat, so that the zinc vapor is changed into the zinc vapor in an overheat state, the particle size of the zinc vapor can be further refined, the overheat zinc vapor with the boiling point higher than that of zinc directly enters a condenser for quenching, a water-gas double-circulation high-efficiency composite condenser can be adopted, under the synergistic effect of circulating water and gas, the zinc vapor is rapidly cooled in a condensation crystallization area of the condenser, and is condensed into ultrafine zinc dust with fine granularity and regular morphology, and further, the circulating flowing dilute zinc vapor is kept in the condensation crystallization area of the condenser, the generated zinc dust is taken away by utilizing air flow, and the ultrafine zinc powder is obtained in a collecting area; wherein the concentration of zinc vapor in the condensation crystallization zone is not higher than 30% of the concentration of zinc vapor in the second transfer line, and when entering the condensation crystallization zone from the second transfer line, ultra-fine zinc powder is more easily obtained after rapid dilution due to the sudden drop in the concentration of zinc vapor.
Preferably, the temperature difference between the temperature in the condensation crystallization area and the superheated zinc vapor after the heat supplement in the second transmission pipeline is controlled to be more than 800 ℃, for example, the superheated zinc vapor is 1050 ℃, the condensation temperature in the condensation crystallization area is 200 ℃, and the temperature reduction amplitude is increased, so that the zinc vapor is condensed into metallic zinc dust before the zinc vapor is fused into clusters.
In this embodiment, the heat compensating device includes a plurality of electromagnetic induction heat compensating modules, the electromagnetic induction heat compensating modules are distributed in the circumferential direction of the second transmission pipeline, the electromagnetic induction heat compensating modules have the characteristic of fast heating, and can realize accurate fast heating of a local area in the second transmission pipeline, because the heat required by overheat zinc vapor is limited, if the total heating power of the heat compensating device is too high, the condensation capacity of the condenser is insufficient, the large-scale cooling cannot be realized, if the total heating power of the heat compensating device is too low, the overheat cannot be effectively utilized, and the particle size of zinc vapor is further refined, therefore, the total heating power of the heat compensating device is not higher than 30% of the resistance melting furnace, and is not lower than 10% of the resistance melting furnace, and because the heating power of the resistance melting furnace is relatively stable, the effective overheat of the zinc vapor can be realized in the range of 10-30% based on the heat generating power.
In this embodiment, after the first valve in the first transmission pipeline is opened, the volume of the zinc liquid in the medium frequency induction heating furnace is input into the medium frequency induction heating furnace through the first transmission pipeline in each minute, so that the change of the liquid level height of the zinc liquid in the medium frequency induction heating furnace is not more than 3-5 cm, the liquid level difference between the highest liquid level line and the lowest liquid level line in the medium frequency induction heating furnace is controlled between 50-80 cm, and in each minute, the fluctuation range of the liquid level of the zinc liquid in the medium frequency induction heating furnace is not more than 10% of the maximum liquid level difference, and a sufficient margin is reserved for coping with various emergency situations.
Alternatively, each time the first valve is opened, control may be performed in the time dimension, such as set to 2 minutes open time.
Alternatively, each time the first valve is opened, it can be controlled in terms of the liquid level change dimension, e.g. set to a liquid level rise of 5cm.
In the embodiment, the zinc-containing molten liquid is layered after standing in the resistance melting furnace, and the zinc-containing molten liquid is positioned at the middle upper part in the furnace, so that a siphon mode is adopted, the first transmission pipeline is a siphon transmission pipe, and the siphon transmission pipe stretches into the upper part of the zinc-containing molten liquid from the top of the zinc-containing molten liquid to extract the higher-purity zinc liquid at the middle upper part; still further, be equipped with the electric field and apply the subassembly in siphon transmission pipe's outer wall department, the electric field is applyed the subassembly and is used for forming the electric field that includes a part siphon transmission pipe at least after the circular telegram, the electric field line of electric field is for pointing to siphon transmission pipe's outer wall direction for adsorb the magnetism impurity metal in the siphon transmission pipe, after electric field is applyed the subassembly circular telegram, can form the electric field that has fixed electric field line, under the effect of electric field, the iron impurity that flows can receive the influence of electric field force, can attach in siphon transmission pipe's wall, remain, avoid getting into in the medium frequency induction heating furnace.
In the medium frequency induction heating furnace, a magnet can be arranged at the bottom of the medium frequency induction heating furnace, and as zinc has no magnetism, the magnetic material can be further controlled not to be influenced by evaporation reaction, and can escape from the surface of the zinc liquid.
Referring to fig. 2, in the present embodiment, during the heating and melting of the zinc-containing raw material, further comprising:
mixing zinc-containing raw materials and active carbon according to a weight ratio of 1:1, placing the mixture in a resistance melting furnace, vacuumizing the resistance melting furnace to 300Pa, and applying microwave radiation into the furnace on the basis of the resistance melting furnace, wherein the power of the microwave radiation is not more than that of the resistance melting furnace.
Preferably, the shell of the resistance melting furnace is made of a metal material capable of reflecting microwave radiation, the outer wall of the first transmission pipeline is also surrounded by the metal material, no microwave leakage is guaranteed, the side wall from the top of the inner furnace to the middle of the furnace is built by a silicon carbide material capable of absorbing the microwave radiation, a slag hole is formed in the bottom of the furnace, microwave radiation elements are arranged on the upper part and the side wall of the resistance melting furnace, the frequency of the microwave radiation is regulated and controlled to be 180GHz, and the power is 15kW. The zinc-containing raw material is added with the equal proportion of active carbon, the active carbon can absorb microwave radiation and instantaneously generate high temperature, and the melting quantity can be changed by adjusting the microwave radiation power when the zinc-containing molten liquid level in the resistance melting furnace changes because the temperature inertia of the resistance melting furnace is larger, so that the aim of realizing continuous smelting and rapid and flexible adjustment is fulfilled; still another effect is that the melting temperature of zinc can be reached quickly, instantaneously reaching high temperatures.
As one embodiment, the level of the zinc-containing melt in the resistance melting furnace is monitored;
when the liquid level of the zinc-containing molten liquid is lower than a second set height value, the fact that the material in the resistance melting furnace is less and is not matched with the evaporation capacity of the medium frequency induction heating furnace is proved, the heating power of the medium frequency induction heating furnace needs to be reduced to A times of the sum of the actual power of the resistance melting furnace and the actual power of microwave radiation, and/or the power of the microwave radiation is increased, namely the evaporation capacity of the medium frequency induction heating furnace is reduced, and meanwhile, the melting capacity of the resistance melting furnace is increased in a mode of increasing the power of the microwave radiation, so that the melting capacity and the evaporation capacity are balanced;
when the liquid level of the zinc-containing molten liquid is higher than a third set height value, the fact that the material in the resistance melting furnace is more and is not matched with the evaporation capacity of the medium frequency induction heating furnace is proved, the heating power of the medium frequency induction heating furnace needs to be increased to be B times of the sum of the actual power of the resistance melting furnace and the actual power of microwave radiation, and/or the power of the microwave radiation is reduced, namely the evaporation capacity of the medium frequency induction heating furnace is increased, and meanwhile the melting capacity of the resistance melting furnace is reduced in a mode of reducing the power of the microwave radiation, so that the melting capacity and the evaporation capacity are balanced;
in order to accurately regulate and control the heating power of the intermediate frequency induction heating furnace, the power regulation of the intermediate frequency induction heating furnace is limited in a certain range because the microwave radiation is originally in a regulating and controlling mode, and the absolute value regulation range of the intermediate frequency induction heating furnace can also be changed as long as the microwave radiation power is changed, so that the dynamic absolute value regulation change range is realized by limiting the heating power of the intermediate frequency induction heating furnace to be A-B times of the sum of the actual power of the resistance melting furnace and the actual power of the microwave radiation, and the method is more suitable for various regulation means.
When the power of the medium-frequency induction heating furnace is increased and is higher than a certain difference value of an initial set value, the evaporation amount of the zinc liquid is proved to be increased, the saturated steam amount is increased, at the moment, the total heating power of the heat supplementing device is increased, so that the zinc steam is ensured to have enough superheat degree, and meanwhile, the flow and the concentration of the zinc steam in a condensation crystallization area are increased, and the concentration is not lower than 20% of the concentration of the zinc steam in a second transmission pipeline, so that the condensation effect under the condition of large steam amount is favorably treated, and uniform and fine metal zinc dust is formed;
when the power of the medium-frequency induction heating furnace is reduced and is lower than a certain difference value of an initial set value, the evaporation amount of the zinc liquid is reduced, the amount of saturated steam is reduced, at the moment, the total heating power of the heat supplementing device is reduced, the overheat degree of the zinc steam is ensured not to be too high, meanwhile, the flow and the concentration of the zinc steam in a condensation crystallization area are reduced, the concentration is not higher than 15% of the concentration of the zinc steam in a second transmission pipeline, the condensation effect under the small steam amount is favorably treated, and uniform and fine metal zinc dust is formed.
The concentration of zinc vapor in the condensation crystallization area is controlled to be 15-20% of the concentration of zinc vapor in the second transmission pipeline under the initial set value of the medium-frequency induction heating furnace; when the power of the medium-frequency induction heating furnace is increased and is higher than an initial set value by a certain difference value, the concentration of zinc vapor in a condensation crystallization area is adjusted to be 20-30% of the concentration of zinc vapor in a second transmission pipeline; when the power of the medium frequency induction heating furnace is reduced and is lower than the initial set value by a certain difference, the concentration of zinc vapor in the condensation crystallization area is adjusted to be 8-15% of the concentration of zinc vapor in the second transmission pipeline. The zinc vapor concentration in the condensation crystallization area is regulated to adapt to various regulation actions faced in the continuous smelting process, and the regulation actions are further precisely quantized.
Optionally, the alternating current frequency of the medium-frequency induction heating furnace is 1-10kHz, the temperature rising and falling speed of the zinc liquid is not more than 30K/s, and the temperature rising and falling error of the zinc liquid is not more than 1.5K.
Optionally, inert gas is introduced into a condensation crystallization area of the condenser to dilute and control the concentration of zinc vapor in the condensation crystallization area and provide pneumatic power, preferably, the inert gas is nitrogen, and under the protection and driving of the nitrogen, the flow rate and the concentration of the zinc vapor in the condensation crystallization area are controlled, so that the process that the zinc vapor is condensed into zinc dust under the condition that the zinc vapor with a certain concentration is generated is realized, and the situation that the residence time of the zinc dust in the condensation crystallization area is too long, so that crystal nuclei grow further is avoided.
Example 1:
in this example 1, an alternative configuration was provided in which the heating power of the resistance melting furnace was 20kW, the heating power of the intermediate frequency induction heating furnace was 100kW, the total heating power of the heat compensating device was 6kW, the frequency of microwave radiation was 180GHz, the power 15kW, a=2.5, and b=3.5. It should be noted that, the above power is rated power, and in actual operation, the actual power of each electric equipment can change within a certain range, for example, in an initial state, the heating power of the resistance melting furnace is 20kW, the heating power of the microwave radiation is 13kW, and the heating power of the medium frequency induction heating furnace is 90kW;
when the liquid level of the zinc-containing molten liquid is lower than a second set height value, the heating power of the resistance melting furnace is 20kW, the heating power of microwave radiation is 15kW, and the heating power of the medium-frequency induction heating furnace is 87.5kW;
when the liquid level of the zinc-containing molten liquid is higher than a third set height value, the heating power of the resistance melting furnace is 20kW, the heating power of microwave radiation is 10kW, and the heating power of the medium-frequency induction heating furnace is 105kW.
Referring to fig. 3, in a second aspect, the present invention provides a smelting system to which a smelting method of ultra-fine zinc powder as described above is applied, comprising a resistance melting furnace 1, a first transfer pipe 2, an intermediate frequency induction heating furnace 3, a second transfer pipe 4, and a condenser 5;
the resistance melting furnace 1 is used for accommodating zinc-containing raw materials and heating and melting the zinc-containing raw materials to obtain zinc-containing molten liquid;
the first transmission pipeline 2 is used for communicating the resistance melting furnace 1 and the intermediate frequency induction heating furnace 3, a first valve is arranged in the first transmission pipeline 2, and the first valve is configured to pump out zinc liquid from the top of the layered zinc-containing molten liquid when the liquid level of the zinc-containing molten liquid in the resistance melting furnace 1 is higher than a first set height;
the medium-frequency induction heating furnace 3 is used for heating zinc liquid to evaporate to generate zinc vapor; wherein, the heating power of the medium frequency induction heating furnace 3 is 3-5.5 times of that of the resistance melting furnace 1;
the second transmission pipeline 4 is used for communicating the intermediate frequency induction heating furnace 3 and the condenser 5, and the second transmission pipeline 4 is provided with a heat supplementing device 6 for heating zinc vapor to form superheated zinc vapor;
the condenser 5 is used for quenching the overheated zinc vapor, the circulating flow of dilute zinc vapor is kept in a condensation crystallization area of the condenser 5, generated zinc dust is taken away by utilizing air flow, and ultrafine zinc powder is obtained in a collecting area; wherein the concentration of zinc vapour in the condensation crystallization zone is not higher than 30% of the concentration of zinc vapour in the second transfer line 4.
Preferably, the electric resistance melting furnace further comprises a microwave radiation element 7, the outer shell of the electric resistance melting furnace 1 is made of a metal material capable of reflecting microwave radiation, the outer wall of the first transmission pipeline 2 is also surrounded by the metal material, no microwave leakage is guaranteed, the side wall from the top of the inner furnace to the middle of the furnace is built by a silicon carbide material capable of absorbing the microwave radiation, a slag hole is formed in the bottom of the furnace, the microwave radiation element 7 is arranged on the upper part and the side wall of the electric resistance melting furnace 1, the frequency of the microwave radiation is regulated and controlled to be 180GHz, and the power is 15kW.
The three heating modes of the resistance melting furnace 1, the medium-frequency induction heating furnace 3 and the microwave radiation element 7 are well adapted to how to achieve the purpose of sustainable smelting production by matching corresponding melting amount and evaporation amount when the liquid level of the zinc-containing molten liquid changes.
Optionally, in the above embodiment, the first valve may be opened by a fixed opening degree, and the adjusting priority is to adjust the heating power of the intermediate frequency induction heating furnace 3 and the microwave radiation element 7 first, and adjust the opening degree and the opening and closing of the first valve after the control is out of control, so as to avoid the occurrence of fluctuation.
Compared with the prior art, the smelting method and the smelting system of the superfine zinc powder are provided by the invention, in order to realize continuous high-quality production, the quantification degree of each step is accurately controlled, high-purity zinc liquid is pumped out from the top of the resistance melting furnace only when the zinc-containing molten liquid in the resistance melting furnace is higher than a first set height and is transmitted to the intermediate frequency induction heating furnace, the resistance melting furnace is responsible for melting zinc-containing raw materials and the intermediate frequency induction heating furnace is responsible for evaporating zinc liquid due to different functions and actions, the heating power of the intermediate frequency induction heating furnace is higher, but in order to ensure the quality balance of the resistance melting furnace and the intermediate frequency induction heating furnace, the heating power relation of the resistance melting furnace and the intermediate frequency induction heating furnace is further limited, and unbalance of two working procedures of melting and evaporating is avoided;
in order to obtain the superfine zinc powder, the temperature difference from zinc vapor to zinc powder needs to be increased, so that the zinc vapor is further subjected to heat compensation in the second transmission pipeline to have a certain degree of superheat, and is quenched in a condensation crystallization area of a condenser to form superfine zinc dust, finally the zinc powder is obtained, the dilute zinc vapor is maintained circularly in the condensation process, and the superfine zinc powder is obtained after rapid dilution due to the suddenly drop of the concentration of the zinc vapor when entering the condensation crystallization area from the second transmission pipeline.
Finally, it should be emphasized that the present invention is not limited to the above-described embodiments, but is merely preferred embodiments of the invention, and any modifications, equivalents, improvements, etc. within the spirit and principles of the invention are intended to be included within the scope of the invention.
The above description is a main flow step of the invention, in which other functional steps may be inserted, and the logic sequence and the flow steps may be disordered, if the data processing manner is similar to the processing manner of the flow step or the core idea of the data processing is similar, the same, all should be protected.
Claims (4)
1. The smelting method of the superfine zinc powder is characterized by comprising the following steps of:
placing a zinc-containing raw material in a resistance melting furnace, and heating and melting the zinc-containing raw material to obtain zinc-containing molten liquid;
when the temperature is kept until the liquid level of the zinc-containing molten liquid in the resistance melting furnace is higher than a first set height, extracting zinc liquid from the top of the layered zinc-containing molten liquid, inputting the zinc liquid into the medium-frequency induction heating furnace through a first transmission pipeline, and heating the zinc liquid until the zinc liquid is evaporated to generate zinc vapor; wherein the heating power of the medium frequency induction heating furnace is 3-5.5 times of that of the resistance melting furnace;
leading zinc vapor into a second transmission pipeline provided with a heat supplementing device, leading the overheated zinc vapor into a condenser for quenching, keeping circulating flowing dilute zinc vapor in a condensation crystallization area of the condenser, taking away generated zinc dust by utilizing air flow, and obtaining ultrafine zinc powder in a collecting area; wherein the concentration of zinc vapour in the condensation crystallization zone is not higher than 30% of the concentration of zinc vapour in the second transfer line; introducing inert gas into a condensation crystallization area of the condenser to dilute and control the concentration of zinc vapor in the condensation crystallization area and provide pneumatic power;
the first transmission pipeline is a siphon transmission pipeline, an electric field application assembly is arranged on the outer wall surface of the siphon transmission pipeline, the electric field application assembly is used for forming an electric field at least comprising a part of the siphon transmission pipeline after being electrified, and electric field lines of the electric field point to the outer wall surface direction of the siphon transmission pipeline and are used for adsorbing magnetic impurity metals in the siphon transmission pipeline;
in the process of heating and melting the zinc-containing raw material, the method further comprises the following steps:
mixing zinc-containing raw materials and active carbon according to a weight ratio of 1:1, placing the mixture in a resistance melting furnace, vacuumizing the resistance melting furnace, and applying microwave radiation into the furnace on the basis of the resistance melting furnace, wherein the power of the microwave radiation is not more than that of the resistance melting furnace;
when the power of the medium-frequency induction heating furnace is increased, the total heating power of the heat supplementing device is increased, the zinc vapor flow and concentration of the condensation crystallization area are increased, and the concentration is not lower than 20% of the zinc vapor concentration in the second transmission pipeline;
when the power of the medium-frequency induction heating furnace is reduced, reducing the total heating power of the heat supplementing device, and reducing the zinc vapor flow and concentration of a condensation crystallization area, wherein the concentration is not higher than 15% of the zinc vapor concentration in a second transmission pipeline;
the heat supplementing device comprises a plurality of electromagnetic induction heat supplementing modules, the electromagnetic induction heat supplementing modules are distributed in the circumferential direction of the second transmission pipeline, and the total heating power of the heat supplementing device is not higher than 30% of that of the resistance melting furnace and is not lower than 10% of that of the resistance melting furnace.
2. A method for smelting ultra-fine zinc powder according to claim 1, wherein the volume of zinc liquid fed into said intermediate frequency induction heating furnace through said first transfer pipe within each minute causes the level of zinc liquid in said intermediate frequency induction heating furnace to vary by no more than 3-5 cm and is controlled between a highest level line and a lowest level line.
3. A process for the production of ultra-fine zinc dust as claimed in claim 2, characterized in that,
monitoring the liquid level of the zinc-containing molten liquid in the resistance melting furnace;
when the liquid level of the zinc-containing molten liquid is lower than a second set height value, reducing the heating power of the medium-frequency induction heating furnace to A times of the sum of the actual power of the resistance melting furnace and the actual power of the microwave radiation, and/or increasing the power of the microwave radiation;
when the liquid level of the zinc-containing molten liquid is higher than a third set height value, increasing the heating power of the medium-frequency induction heating furnace to B times of the sum of the actual power of the resistance melting furnace and the actual power of the microwave radiation, and/or reducing the power of the microwave radiation;
wherein, 4 > B > A > 1.5.
4. A process for the production of ultra-fine zinc dust as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 3, characterised in that the alternating current frequency of the medium frequency induction furnace is 1-10kHz, the rate of rise and fall of the zinc bath is no more than 30K/s, and the temperature control error for rise and fall of the zinc bath is no more than 1.5K.
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Citations (5)
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|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN1067598A (en) * | 1991-06-13 | 1993-01-06 | 魏绍武 | Apparatus for manufacturing super-fine zinc dust with vacuum gas-phase process in reverberatory furnace |
| CN2607217Y (en) * | 2003-02-13 | 2004-03-24 | 云南梅塞尔气体产品有限公司 | Equipment for producing ultrathin Zn powder by nitrogen and hydrogen mixed gas process |
| RU2457072C1 (en) * | 2011-05-27 | 2012-07-27 | Алексей Иванович Гончаров | Method of producing zinc powder and plant to this end |
| CN103862057A (en) * | 2014-02-27 | 2014-06-18 | 赵志强 | Device for producing nano-scale high-purity zinc powder by distillation method |
| CN112846207A (en) * | 2021-01-15 | 2021-05-28 | 昆明冶金研究院有限公司 | Preparation method of superfine active zinc powder |
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2023
- 2023-05-25 CN CN202310606581.2A patent/CN116713474B/en active Active
Patent Citations (5)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN1067598A (en) * | 1991-06-13 | 1993-01-06 | 魏绍武 | Apparatus for manufacturing super-fine zinc dust with vacuum gas-phase process in reverberatory furnace |
| CN2607217Y (en) * | 2003-02-13 | 2004-03-24 | 云南梅塞尔气体产品有限公司 | Equipment for producing ultrathin Zn powder by nitrogen and hydrogen mixed gas process |
| RU2457072C1 (en) * | 2011-05-27 | 2012-07-27 | Алексей Иванович Гончаров | Method of producing zinc powder and plant to this end |
| CN103862057A (en) * | 2014-02-27 | 2014-06-18 | 赵志强 | Device for producing nano-scale high-purity zinc powder by distillation method |
| CN112846207A (en) * | 2021-01-15 | 2021-05-28 | 昆明冶金研究院有限公司 | Preparation method of superfine active zinc powder |
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