CN116698320A

CN116698320A - System and method for measuring static and dynamic deflection and beam end rotation angle of middle-span and small-span bridge based on three groups of symmetrical collimation laser displacement measurement sensors

Info

Publication number: CN116698320A
Application number: CN202310941755.0A
Authority: CN
Inventors: 宋宏勋; 彭仁亮; 李平; 吴学勤; 张雁冰; 冯红梅; 李小恒
Original assignee: Xi'an Yupeng Transportation Technology Co ltd; Shenzhen Shenpeng Transportation Technology Co ltd
Current assignee: Xi'an Yupeng Transportation Technology Co ltd; Shenzhen Shenpeng Transportation Technology Co ltd
Priority date: 2023-07-28
Filing date: 2023-07-28
Publication date: 2023-09-05

Abstract

The invention discloses a system and a method for measuring static deflection and beam end rotation angle of a middle-span and small-span bridge based on three groups of symmetrical collimating laser displacement measuring sensors, wherein the system comprises three groups of symmetrical collimating laser displacement measuring sensors, and two adjacent groups of symmetrical collimating laser displacement measuring sensors: SDC of first group of symmetrical collimation laser displacement measuring sensors ₁ The second sensor, the first sensor and the third sensor are correspondingly arranged at measuring points P1, P2 and P3 of the bridge; second group of symmetrical collimation laser displacement measuring sensor SDC ₂ The second sensor, the first sensor and the third sensor are correspondingly arranged at measuring points P2, P3 and P4 of the bridge; third group of symmetrical collimation laser displacement measurement sensors SDC ₃ The second sensor, the first sensor and the third sensor are correspondingly arranged at the measuring points P3, P4 and P5 of the bridge. At the same time realize multifunctional and high-precision measurementAnd the device is convenient to install, and can measure deflection and beam end rotation angle of three measuring points of the bridge.

Description

System and method for measuring static and dynamic deflection and beam end rotation angle of middle-span and small-span bridge based on three groups of symmetrical collimation laser displacement measurement sensors

Technical Field

The invention belongs to the field of bridge engineering detection and bridge health monitoring, and relates to a system and a method for measuring static and dynamic deflection and beam end rotation angle of a middle-span and small-span bridge based on three groups of symmetrical collimation laser displacement measurement sensors.

Background

The number of the middle-span bridges is huge, and the bridge has extremely important roles in road and railway transportation infrastructures. The middle and small span bridges deform under the action of external load to form deflection curves, and each point on the deflection curves of the bridges has deflection and relative corners, namely an included angle exists between the tangential direction of each point on the deflection curves of the bridges and the horizontal plane. Also, there are corners at the bridge ends at bridge pier locations. The measurement of static deflection of the middle-span and small-span bridge is an extremely important content in the work of bridge construction completion acceptance, bridge load test, bridge specific test, bridge operation management and the like. In a middle and small-span railway bridge, in order to ensure the safety operation of the bridge and the smoothness of train operation, not only the static deflection measurement of the bridge at the positions of 1/4, 2/4 and 3/4 of the bridge is needed, but also the rotation angle of the bridge end of the bridge is needed to be measured.

At present, various methods, sensors and instruments for measuring the three-point static and dynamic deflection of the middle-span bridge and the three-point static and dynamic deflection of the bridge beam end corner exist, but in practical application, the method, the sensors and the instruments for measuring the three-point static and dynamic deflection of the bridge 1/4-2/4-3/4 and the three-point static and dynamic high-precision measurement of the bridge beam end corner cannot be realized due to the fact that the method, the sensors and the instruments for measuring the three-point static and dynamic deflection of the bridge 1/4-2/4-3/4 are not suitable for the requirements of bridge engineering detection application. Bridge deflection detection is carried out by adopting instruments such as a level gauge, a theodolite, a total station and the like, only static deflection of the bridge can be detected, and normal traffic is closed. The bridge deflection detection is carried out by adopting various displacement meters such as a laser displacement sensor, an electronic mechanical displacement meter and the like, and a specific bracket is required to be erected at the lower part of the bridge, so that the bridge deflection on-site measurement operation is complicated, and the bridge deflection detection method cannot be particularly used for bridge deflection detection crossing rivers, lakes and seas and high pier bridge deflection detection crossing canyons. The measuring system based on the optical imaging photoelectric sensor is used for detecting the deflection of the bridge, a single imaging system is often used for measuring the deflection of a plurality of positions of the bridge, as the measuring precision is related to the imaging distance, the measuring precision is obviously reduced along with the increase of the imaging distance, and the long-distance imaging can be influenced by image shake caused by larger atmospheric turbulence. And the measuring system based on inertial sensors such as an accelerometer, an inclinometer, a gyroscope and the like is adopted for measuring the deflection and the beam end rotation angle of the bridge, so that the measuring precision is low. And a GPS positioning system is adopted to detect the deflection of the bridge, so that the measurement accuracy is low. The bridge deflection detection is carried out by adopting a laser interferometer, a microwave interferometer and the like, the laser interferometer and the microwave interferometer are required to be arranged on a embankment of a river at the lower part of the bridge, the field use is limited by geographic positions, and the corner measurement of the bridge beam end cannot be carried out. The liquid communicating pipe sensor is used for detecting the deflection of the bridge, can only be used for detecting the static deflection or quasi-static deflection of the bridge, and cannot be directly used for measuring the corner of the bridge end.

How to measure the static deflection value of the bridge at 1/4-2/4-3/4 three points and the rotation angle of the bridge beam end in real time with high precision is always a very important task for bridge engineering application at home and abroad, and is also a technical problem to be solved in bridge test detection and monitoring engineering at home and abroad. The utility model of publication number CN202222561645.5 discloses a chain type laser deflection detection system for a bridge, wherein in the direction along the span of the bridge, bridge deflection measuring points are selected, and a collimation laser and a receiver which are emitted unidirectionally are adopted at each bridge deflection measuring point and are used for measuring unidirectional relative displacement between two adjacent measuring points; because of each measuring point on the bridge, not only is there a displacement, but also there is a rotation angle that causes rotation of the direction of the collimated laser beam emitted by the collimated laser and rotation of the receiver. In order to measure the rotation angle of a measuring point on a bridge, an inclination sensor is adopted at each measuring point to measure the rotation angle of the measuring point, and the deflection of the bridge is obtained by carrying out data processing on the displacement and rotation angle of the measuring point. For middle and small span bridges, the deflection measurement precision is high, and is generally required to be within one tenth of millimeter, even more than 0.01 mm. At present, as the angle measurement precision of the inclination sensor is relatively low, the measurement precision of the inclination sensor adopted by the patent is 0.005 degrees, when the distance between measuring points is 30 meters, the displacement measurement error caused by the inclination error and the bridge deflection measurement error are tg0.005 degrees/30000 mm= 2.617mm, the actual measurement error is larger, and the angle measurement error caused by the inclination sensor is in the centimeter level, so that the bridge deflection measurement is performed by adopting the inclination sensor, and the overall measurement precision is low. Therefore, the bridge deflection measurement is carried out at the measuring point by using a unidirectional collimation laser and an inclination sensor, and the measurement precision of the bridge deflection measurement cannot meet the requirements of high-precision measurement of bridge deflection, in particular to high-precision measurement of middle-span and small-span bridge deflection.

Disclosure of Invention

The embodiment of the invention aims to provide a system and a method for measuring static and dynamic deflection and beam end rotation angle of a middle-small span bridge based on three groups of symmetrical collimation laser displacement measuring sensors, which are used for solving the problems that the traditional middle-small span bridge deflection measuring system cannot realize multifunctional, high-precision measurement and convenient installation at the same time and cannot measure the deflection and the beam end rotation angle of the bridge at the same time.

The first technical scheme adopted by the embodiment of the invention is as follows: the small and medium span bridge static deflection measuring system based on three groups of symmetrical collimating laser displacement measuring sensors comprises three groups of symmetrical collimating laser displacement measuring sensors;

in two adjacent groups of symmetrical collimation laser displacement measuring sensors:

SDC of first group of symmetrical collimation laser displacement measuring sensors ₁ The second sensor, the first sensor and the third sensor are correspondingly arranged at a measuring point P on the bridge deck at the upper part of the bridge ₁ 、P ₂ 、P ₃ A place;

second group of symmetrical collimation laser displacement measuring sensor SDC ₂ The second sensor, the first sensor and the third sensor are correspondingly arranged at a measuring point P on the bridge deck at the upper part of the bridge ₂ 、P ₃ 、P ₄ A place;

third group of symmetrical collimation laser displacement measurement sensors SDC ₃ The second sensor, the first sensor and the third sensor are correspondingly arranged at a measuring point P on the bridge deck at the upper part of the bridge ₃ 、P ₄ 、P ₅ A place;

measuring point P ₁ 、P ₂ 、P ₃ 、P ₄ 、P ₅ Sequentially arranged on the bridge from left to right.

Further, each group of symmetrical collimated laser displacement measurement sensors includes:

the first sensor comprises a symmetrical collimating laser, and the symmetrical collimating laser comprises a left collimating laser and a right collimating laser which are axisymmetric or centrosymmetric;

the second sensor is positioned at the left side of the first sensor, the second sensor comprises a right photoelectric receiver, the right photoelectric receiver of the second sensor corresponds to the left collimating laser of the first sensor, and laser emitted by the left collimating laser of the first sensor along the laser emitting direction of the laser is received;

the third sensor is positioned on the right side of the first sensor, the third sensor comprises a left photoelectric receiver, the left photoelectric receiver of the third sensor corresponds to the right collimating laser of the first sensor, and the right collimating laser of the first sensor is used for receiving laser emitted along the laser emitting direction of the right collimating laser.

Further, the first sensor, the second sensor and the third sensor of each group of symmetrical collimation laser displacement measuring sensors are respectively arranged on the corresponding multifunctional base;

Each multifunctional base has the functions of adjusting the heights and the orientations of the first sensor, the second sensor and the third sensor on the multifunctional base;

each multifunctional base is provided with a height measurement sensor, an inclination angle sensor, a distance measurement sensor and a data acquisition processor;

the output ends of the height measuring sensor, the inclination angle sensor and the ranging sensor on the multifunctional base where the right photoelectric receiver of the second sensor of each group of symmetrical collimation laser displacement measuring sensors is positioned are electrically connected with different input ends of the corresponding data acquisition processor;

the output ends of the height measuring sensor, the inclination angle sensor and the ranging sensor on the multifunctional base where the left photoelectric receiver of the third sensor of each group of symmetrical collimation laser displacement measuring sensors is positioned are electrically connected with different input ends of the corresponding data acquisition processor.

Further, a second set of symmetrically collimated laser displacement measurement sensors SDC ₂ Is combined with the first set of symmetrically collimated laser displacement measurement sensors SDC ₁ The centers of the first sensors of the plurality of sensors are vertically corresponding and are arranged on the same multifunctional base;

SDC of first group of symmetrical collimation laser displacement measuring sensors ₁ A third sensor, a second set of symmetrically collimated laser displacement measurement sensors SDC ₂ SDC of the first sensor and the third set of symmetrically collimated laser displacement measurement sensors ₃ The center of the second sensor of the sensor is vertically corresponding to and arranged on the same multifunctional base;

second group of symmetrical collimation laser displacement measuring sensor SDC ₂ And a third set of symmetrically collimated laser displacement measurement sensors SDC ₃ The centers of the first sensors of (a) vertically correspond to and are mounted on the same multifunctional base.

The second technical scheme adopted by the embodiment of the invention is as follows: the small and medium span bridge static deflection and beam end rotation angle measuring system based on the three groups of symmetrical collimating laser displacement measuring sensors comprises the small and medium span bridge static deflection measuring system based on the three groups of symmetrical collimating laser displacement measuring sensors, wherein:

measuring point P ₁ The measuring point P is positioned on the bridge deck at the upper part of the left bridge pier ₅ The measuring point P is positioned on the bridge deck at the upper part of the right bridge pier ₂ 、P ₃ 、P ₄ The bridge surface is positioned on the bridge deck of the corresponding bridge deflection measuring point;

the small and medium span bridge static deflection and beam end rotation angle measuring system based on the three groups of symmetrical collimation laser displacement measuring sensors further comprises:

the left beam end rotation angle measuring sensor comprises a right collimating laser and a left photoelectric receiver; the right collimating laser of the left beam end corner measuring sensor is arranged at a measuring point P ₁ The left photoelectric receiver of the left beam end rotation angle measuring sensor is arranged at the measuring point P ₂ A place; the left photoelectric receiver of the left beam end rotation angle measuring sensor corresponds to the right collimating laser, receives the laser emitted by the right collimating laser and performs measuring point P ₁ The corner of the left beam end of the bridge is measured;

the right beam end rotation angle measuring sensor comprises a left collimating laser and a right photoelectric receiver; the left collimating laser of the right beam end corner measuring sensor is arranged at a measuring point P ₅ The right photoelectric receiver of the right beam end rotation angle measuring sensor is arranged at the measuring point P ₄ A place; the right photoelectric receiver of the right beam end rotation angle measuring sensor corresponds to the left collimating laser, receives the laser emitted by the left collimating laser and performs measuring point P ₅ And (3) measuring the corner of the right beam end of the bridge.

Further, the system for measuring static deflection and beam end rotation angle of the middle-span and small-span bridge based on the three groups of symmetrical collimation laser displacement measuring sensors further comprises:

the left bridge pier settlement measuring sensor comprises a right collimating laser and a left photoelectric receiver; the right collimating laser of the left pier settlement measuring sensor is arranged outside the left pier of the bridge For stable measuring point P _L The left photoelectric receiver of the left bridge pier settlement measurement sensor is arranged at the measuring point P ₁ A place; a left photoelectric receiver of the left bridge pier settlement measurement sensor corresponds to the right collimating laser, receives laser emitted by the right collimating laser and performs settlement measurement of the left bridge pier;

the right pier settlement measurement sensor comprises a left collimating laser and a right photoelectric receiver; the left collimating laser of the right pier settlement measuring sensor is arranged at a relatively stable measuring point P outside the right pier of the bridge _R A place; the right photoelectric receiver of the right pier settlement measurement sensor is arranged at a measuring point P ₅ And the right photoelectric receiver of the right bridge pier settlement measurement sensor corresponds to the left collimating laser, receives the laser emitted by the left collimating laser, and performs settlement measurement of the right bridge pier.

Further, a left photoelectric receiver of a left bridge pier settlement measuring sensor and a right collimating laser of a left beam end corner measuring sensor are arranged on the first group of symmetrical collimating laser displacement measuring sensors SDC ₁ A second sensor is arranged on the multifunctional base;

the left photoelectric receiver of the left beam end rotation angle measuring sensor is arranged on the first group of symmetrical collimation laser displacement measuring sensors SDC ₁ Is arranged on the multifunctional base where the first sensor is arranged;

right photoelectric receiver of right bridge pier settlement measuring sensor and left collimating laser of right beam end corner measuring sensor are arranged on third group of symmetrical collimating laser displacement measuring sensor SDC ₃ A third sensor is arranged on the multifunctional base;

the right photoelectric receiver of the right beam end rotation angle measuring sensor is arranged on a third group of symmetrical collimation laser displacement measuring sensors SDC ₃ Is positioned on the multifunctional base where the first sensor is positioned.

The third technical scheme adopted by the embodiment of the invention is as follows: the method for measuring static deflection and beam end rotation angle of the middle-span and small-span bridge based on three groups of symmetrical collimation laser displacement measuring sensors comprises the following steps:

step 1, a small and medium span bridge static deflection and beam end rotation angle measuring system based on three groups of symmetrical collimation laser displacement measuring sensors on a bridge is provided;

step 2, calculating the deflection of the bridge and the rotation angle of the beam end through the measurement data of a small and medium span bridge static deflection and rotation angle measurement system of the beam end based on the three groups of symmetrical collimation laser displacement measurement sensors, wherein the specific process is as follows:

step 21, measuring the measuring point P ₁ 、P ₂ 、P ₃ 、P ₄ 、P ₅ The corresponding bridge deck initial position is in the coordinate y of the coordinate system O-XY ₁ ⁰ 、y ₂ ⁰ 、y ₃ ⁰ 、y ₄ ⁰ 、y ₅ ⁰ ；

Step 22, measuring the measuring point P ₁ 、P ₂ 、P ₃ 、P ₄ 、P ₅ The corresponding bridge floor position is the coordinate y in the coordinate system O-XY after bridge deformation ₁ 、y ₂ 、y ₃ 、y ₄ 、y ₅ ；

Step 23, based on the measuring point P ₁ 、P ₂ 、P ₃ 、P ₄ 、P ₅ Coordinate y in coordinate system O-XY after bridge deformation ₁ 、y ₂ 、y ₃ 、y ₄ 、y ₅ And measuring point P ₁ 、P ₂ 、P ₃ 、P ₄ 、P ₅ Initial coordinate y of corresponding bridge deck initial position in coordinate system O-XY ₁ ⁰ 、y ₂ ⁰ 、y ₃ ⁰ 、y ₄ ⁰ 、y ₅ ⁰ The measurement point P is calculated according to the following ₁ 、P ₂ 、P ₃ 、P ₄ 、P ₅ Corresponding bridge deflection deltay ₁ 、Δy ₂ 、Δy ₃ 、Δy ₄ 、Δy ₅ ：

Δy ₁ ＝y ₁ -y ₁ ⁰ ；

Δy ₂ ＝y ₂ -y ₂ ⁰ ；

Δy ₃ ＝y ₃ -y ₃ ⁰ ；

Δy ₄ ＝y ₄ -y ₄ ⁰ ；

Δy ₅ ＝y ₅ -y ₅ ⁰ ；

When X coordinate axis in the coordinate system O-XY passes through the bridge beam end connecting line, delta y ₁ ＝0、Δy ₅ ＝0；

The bridge beam end rotation angle measurement is carried out through the following processes:

the sensor is used for measuring the angle of rotation at the left beam end at a measuring point P ₁ The right collimated laser of (2) emits collimated laser beam to irradiate it at the measuring point P ₂ Is measured to obtain delta _1-2 Obtaining:

Δ _1-2 ＝δ _1-2 +Δy ₂ ；

wherein delta is _1-2 The collimated laser beam of the right collimated laser which is the left beam end rotation angle measuring sensor is due to the measuring point P ₁ Is the rotation angle theta of (2) ₁ At the measuring point P ₂ Displacement value delta caused by the position _1-2 Is a measuring point P after bridge deformation ₂ Is the coordinate y of (2) ₂ Distance between the left photoelectric receiver of the left beam end rotation angle measuring sensor and the laser spot coordinates of the right collimating laser of the left photoelectric receiver;

thereby obtaining the upper measuring point P of the bridge pier at the left side of the bridge ₁ The corner of the left beam end of the bridge is the corner theta ₁ ：

θ ₁ ＝tg ^-1 (Δ _1-2 /S ₁ )；

The sensor is measured at a measuring point P through a right beam end rotation angle ₅ The left collimated laser of (2) emits collimated laser beam to irradiate it at the measuring point P ₄ Is measured to obtain delta _4-5 Obtaining:

Δ _5-4 ＝δ _5-4 +Δy ₄ ；

wherein delta is _5-4 The collimated laser beam of the left collimated laser which is the right beam end rotation angle measuring sensor is due to the measuring point P ₅ Is the rotation angle theta of (2) ₅ At the measuring point P ₄ Displacement value delta caused by the position _5-4 Is a measuring point P after bridge deformation ₄ Is the coordinate y of (2) ₄ With right-beam end rotation angle measuring sensorThe distance between the laser spot coordinates of the left collimating laser received by the right photoelectric receiver;

thereby obtaining the upper measuring point P of the bridge pier on the right side of the bridge ₅ Is the corner of the right beam end of the bridge ₅ ：

θ ₅ ＝tg ^-1 (Δ _5-4 /S ₄ )。

Further, step 21 measures the measurement point P according to the following procedure ₁ 、P ₂ 、P ₃ 、P ₄ 、P ₅ The corresponding bridge floor position is initially set at the coordinate y in the coordinate system O-XY ₁ ⁰ 、y ₂ ⁰ 、y ₃ ⁰ 、y ₄ ⁰ 、y ₅ ⁰ ：

First, based on initial measurement reference C ₁ ⁰ C ₁ ⁰ ' measuring to obtain a first group of symmetrical collimated laser displacement measuring sensors SDC ₁ At the measuring point P ₁ 、P ₂ 、P ₃ The initial height h of the right photo receiver center of the second sensor, the symmetrically collimated laser center of the first sensor, and the left photo receiver center of the third sensor from the deck ₁ ¹⁰ 、h ₂ ¹⁰ 、h ₃ ¹⁰ The method comprises the steps of carrying out a first treatment on the surface of the Based on initial measurement reference C ₂ ⁰ C ₂ ⁰ ' measuring to obtain a second group of symmetrical collimation laser displacement measuring sensors SDC ₂ At the measuring point P ₂ 、P ₃ 、P ₄ The initial height h of the right photo receiver center of the second sensor, the symmetrically collimated laser center of the first sensor, and the left photo receiver center of the third sensor from the deck ₁ ²⁰ 、h ₂ ²⁰ 、h ₃ ²⁰ The method comprises the steps of carrying out a first treatment on the surface of the Based on initial measurement reference C ₃ ⁰ C ₃ ⁰ ' measuring to obtain a third group of symmetrical collimation laser displacement measuring sensors SDC ₃ At the measuring point P ₃ 、P ₄ 、P ₅ The initial height h of the right photo receiver center of the second sensor, the symmetrically collimated laser center of the first sensor, and the left photo receiver center of the third sensor from the deck ₁ ³⁰ 、h ₂ ³⁰ 、h ₃ ³⁰ ；C ₁ ⁰ C ₁ ⁰ ' SDC for first group of symmetrical collimated laser displacement measurement sensors ₁ At the measuring point P ₁ 、P ₂ 、P ₃ Initial measurement reference of C ₂ ⁰ C ₂ ⁰ ' SDC for second group of symmetrical collimation laser displacement measurement sensor ₂ At the measuring point P ₂ 、P ₃ 、P ₄ Initial measurement reference of C ₃ ⁰ C ₃ ⁰ ' SDC for third group of symmetrical collimation laser displacement measurement sensor ₃ At the measuring point P ₃ 、P ₄ 、P ₅ To obtain:

y ₃ ⁰ ＝((S ₁ +S ₂ )y ₂ ⁰ -S ₂ y ₁ ⁰ +(S ₁ +S ₂ )h ₂ ¹⁰ -S ₂ h ₁ ¹⁰ -S ₁ h ₃ ¹⁰ )/S ₁ ；

y ₄ ⁰ ＝((S ₂ +S ₃ )y ₃ ⁰ -S ₃ y ₂ ⁰ +(S ₂ +S ₃ )h ₂ ²⁰ -S ₃ h ₁ ²⁰ -S ₂ h ₃ ²⁰ )/S ₂ ；

y ₅ ⁰ ＝((S ₃ +S ₄ )y ₄ ⁰ -S ₄ y ₃ ⁰ +(S ₃ +S ₄ )h ₂ ³⁰ -S ₄ h ₁ ³⁰ -S ₃ h ₃ ³⁰ )/S ₃ ；

wherein S is ₁ For measuring point P ₁ 、P ₂ Distance between S ₂ For measuring point P ₂ 、P ₃ Distance between S ₃ For measuring point P ₃ 、P ₄ Distance between S ₄ For measuring point P ₄ 、P ₅ A distance therebetween; y is ₁ ⁰ 、y ₅ ⁰ To construct the coordinate system O-XY, X coordinate axis and measuring point P ₁ 、P ₅ When X coordinate axis in the coordinate system O-XY passes through bridge pier P at two ends of bridge ₁₀ 、P ₅₀ When connecting lines, namely bridge beam ends, y ₁ ⁰ ＝0、y ₅ ⁰ ＝0；

Then, h ₁ ¹⁰ 、h ₂ ¹⁰ 、h ₃ ¹⁰ 、h ₁ ²⁰ 、h ₂ ²⁰ 、h ₃ ²⁰ 、h ₁ ³⁰ 、h ₂ ³⁰ 、h ₃ ³⁰ 、y ₁ ⁰ 、y ₅ ⁰ Carry over into the above y ₃ ⁰ 、y ₄ ⁰ 、y ₅ ⁰ Solving the calculation formula of (2) to obtain y ₂ ⁰ 、y ₃ ⁰ 、y ₄ ⁰ Obtaining a measuring point P ₁ 、P ₂ 、P ₃ 、P ₄ 、P ₅ Initial coordinate y of corresponding deck position ₁ ⁰ 、y ₂ ⁰ 、y ₃ ⁰ 、y ₄ ⁰ 、y ₅ ⁰ 。

Further, step 22 measures the measurement point P according to the following procedure ₁ 、P ₂ 、P ₃ 、P ₄ 、P ₅ The corresponding bridge floor position is the coordinate y in the coordinate system O-XY after bridge deformation ₁ 、y ₂ 、y ₃ 、y ₄ 、y ₅ ：

First, based on measurement reference C ₁ C ₁ ' sensor SDC is measured by a first set of symmetrically collimated laser displacements ₁ The right photo receiver of the second sensor of (2) obtains the height h of its center from the deck ₁ ¹ SDC by a first set of symmetrically collimated laser displacement measurement sensors ₁ The left photoelectric receiver of the third sensor of (2) obtains the height h of the center thereof from the bridge deck ₃ ¹ The method comprises the steps of carrying out a first treatment on the surface of the Based on measurement reference C ₂ C ₂ ' sensor SDC is measured by a second set of symmetrically collimated laser displacements ₂ The right photo receiver of the second sensor of (2) obtains the height h of its center from the deck ₁ ² By a second set of symmetrically collimated laser displacementsMeasurement sensor SDC ₂ The left photoelectric receiver of the third sensor of (2) obtains the height h of the center thereof from the bridge deck ₃ ² The method comprises the steps of carrying out a first treatment on the surface of the Based on measurement reference C ₃ C ₃ ' sensor SDC for measuring displacement by third group of symmetrical collimated laser ₃ The right photo receiver of the second sensor of (2) obtains the height h of its center from the deck ₁ ³ SDC (laser displacement measurement sensor) through third group of symmetrical collimation laser ₃ The left photoelectric receiver of the third sensor of (2) obtains the height h of the center thereof from the bridge deck ₃ ³ ；C ₁ C ₁ ' first group of symmetrical collimation laser displacement measurement sensors SDC after bridge deformation ₁ At the measuring point P ₁ 、P ₂ 、P ₃ C is the measurement standard of (2) ₂ C ₂ ' second group of symmetrical collimation laser displacement measurement sensors SDC after bridge deformation ₂ At the measuring point P ₂ 、P ₃ 、P ₄ C is the measurement standard of (2) ₃ C ₃ ' third group of symmetrical collimation laser displacement measurement sensors SDC after bridge deformation ₃ At the measuring point P ₃ 、P ₄ 、P ₅ To obtain the measurement standard of (a):

y ₃ ＝((S ₁ +S ₂ )y ₂ -S ₂ y ₁ +(S ₁ +S ₂ )h ₂ ¹ -S ₂ h ₁ ¹ -S ₁ h ₃ ¹ )/S ₁ ；

y ₄ ＝((S ₂ +S ₃ )y ₃ -S ₃ y ₂ +(S ₂ +S ₃ )h ₂ ² -S ₃ h ₁ ² -S ₂ h ₃ ² )/S ₂ ；

y ₅ ＝((S ₃ +S ₄ )y ₄ -S ₄ y ₃ +(S ₃ +S ₄ )h ₂ ³ -S ₄ h ₁ ³ -S ₃ h ₃ ³ )/S ₃ ；

wherein S is ₁ For measuring point P ₁ 、P ₂ Distance between S ₂ For measuring point P ₂ 、P ₃ Distance between S ₃ For measuring point P ₃ 、P ₄ Distance between S ₄ For measuring point P ₄ 、P ₅ A distance therebetween; h is a ₂ ¹ SDC (sensor digital data center) for measuring first group of symmetrical collimation laser displacement after bridge deformation ₁ The height, h, of the center of the symmetrically collimated laser of the first sensor from the deck ₂ ² Second group of symmetrical collimation laser displacement measurement sensors SDC after bridge deformation ₂ The height, h, of the center of the symmetrically collimated laser of the first sensor from the deck ₂ ³ Third group of symmetrical collimation laser displacement measurement sensors SDC after bridge deformation ₃ The height, h, of the center of the symmetrically collimated laser of the first sensor from the deck ₂ ¹ ＝h ₂ ¹⁰ ，h ₂ ² ＝h ₂ ²⁰ ，h ₂ ³ ＝h ₂ ³⁰ ；y ₁ 、y ₅ To construct X coordinate axis and measuring point P on bridge pier when O-XY coordinate system ₁ 、P ₅ When X coordinate axis in the coordinate system O-XY passes through the bridge beam end connecting line, y ₁ ＝0、y ₅ ＝0；

Finally, h ₁ ¹ 、h ₂ ¹ 、h ₃ ¹ 、h ₁ ² 、h ₂ ² 、h ₃ ² 、h ₁ ³ 、h ₂ ³ 、h ₃ ³ 、y ₁ 、y ₅ Carry over into the above y ₃ 、y ₄ 、y ₅ Solving the calculation formula of (2) to obtain y ₂ 、y ₃ 、y ₄ From this, the measurement point P can be obtained ₁ 、P ₂ 、P ₃ 、P ₄ 、P ₅ Dynamic coordinates of the corresponding bridge deck line change: y is ₁ 、y ₂ 、y ₃ 、y ₄ 、y ₅ 。

The embodiment of the invention has the beneficial effects that:

(1) The measurement accuracy is high: by means of the symmetrical collimation laser displacement measurement sensor, the high-resolution photoelectric chip and the high-resolution lens are combined, high-resolution and high-speed sampling can be performed, the requirements of different measurement accuracy of bridge deflection can be met, the sensor can be used for high-accuracy measurement of bridge static and dynamic deflection, and the measurement accuracy can reach more than 0.01 mm;

(2) The measuring functions are as follows: three groups of symmetrical laser displacement measurement sensors are distributed at 1/4, 2/4 and 3/4 deflection measuring points on the bridge deck, so that high-precision measurement of deflection of the 1/4, 2/4 and 3/4 measuring points of the bridge is realized; symmetrical laser displacement measuring sensors are distributed on the bridge deck at bridge pier positions at two ends of the bridge, so that high-precision measurement of the beam end corners is realized. Bridge pier settlement measuring sensors are arranged at two relatively stable measuring points outside the bridge piers at the two ends of the bridge, so that the settlement of the bridge piers at the two ends of the bridge can be measured; by means of the photoelectric receiver of the two-dimensional area array chip, not only the vertical static deflection and the beam end corner of the bridge can be measured, but also the transverse displacement of the bridge can be measured; meanwhile, by means of the height measurement sensor positioned at each measuring point, the initial line shape of the bridge deck can be obtained;

(3) The use and operation are simple: the small and medium span bridge static deflection and beam end rotation angle measuring system based on the three groups of symmetrical collimation laser displacement measuring sensors, provided by the embodiment of the invention, integrates the precise structures of the symmetrical collimation laser displacement measuring sensors, the angle measuring sensors, the height measuring sensors, the distance measuring sensors, the data acquisition processor, the multifunctional base and the like into a whole, and can be directly arranged on the bridge deck of the bridge for bridge deflection and beam end rotation angle measurement when the bridge static deflection is measured;

in summary, the system for measuring the static deflection and the beam end rotation angle of the middle-span and small-span bridge based on the three groups of symmetrical collimation laser displacement measuring sensors provided by the embodiment of the invention simultaneously realizes multifunctional, high-precision measurement and convenient installation, can measure the deflection of three measuring points of the bridge and the beam end rotation angle of the bridge, has a relatively high application prospect, and solves the problems that the traditional system for measuring the deflection of the middle-span and small-span bridge cannot realize multifunctional, high-precision measurement and convenient installation and cannot measure the deflection of the bridge and the beam end rotation angle of the bridge at the same time.

Drawings

In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the drawings that are required in the embodiments or the description of the prior art will be briefly described, it being obvious that the drawings in the following description are only some embodiments of the invention, and that other drawings may be obtained according to these drawings without inventive effort for a person skilled in the art.

FIG. 1 is a schematic top view of a symmetrical collimated laser displacement measurement sensor.

Fig. 2 is a schematic diagram of the installation and layout of the multifunctional base.

Fig. 3 is a measurement schematic diagram of a symmetrical collimated laser displacement measurement sensor.

Fig. 4 is a schematic diagram of initial linear measurement of a bridge of a small and medium span bridge static and dynamic deflection measurement system based on three groups of symmetrical collimated laser displacement measurement sensors.

Fig. 5 is a schematic diagram of linear measurement after bridge deformation of a small and medium span bridge static and dynamic deflection measurement system based on three groups of symmetrical collimated laser displacement measurement sensors.

Fig. 6 is a schematic diagram of the principle of height measurement of the first set of symmetrically collimated laser displacement measurement sensors from the deck at the beginning.

Fig. 7 is a schematic diagram of the principle of measuring the height of the first group of symmetrical collimated laser displacement measuring sensors from the bridge deck after the bridge is deformed.

Fig. 8 is a schematic diagram of bridge deformation post-line shape and beam end rotation angle measurement of a small and medium span bridge static deflection and beam end rotation angle measurement system based on three groups of symmetrical collimation laser displacement measurement sensors.

Fig. 9 is an enlarged left side view of fig. 8.

Fig. 10 is a partial enlarged view of fig. 8.

FIG. 11 is a measurement point P ₁ 、P ₂ 、P ₃ 、P ₄ 、P ₅ And when the two measuring points are uniformly distributed, a bridge dynamic linear measuring schematic diagram of 1/4, 2/4 and 3/4 of the bridge is provided.

In the figure, 1, a symmetrical collimating laser, 1-1, a left collimating laser, 1-2, a right collimating laser, 1-01, a laser emitting direction, 2-1, a left photoelectric receiver, 2-2, a right photoelectric receiver, 3, a multifunctional base, 4, a tripod, 5, a bridge deck, 10, a bridge girder end connecting line, 11, an initial line shape of the bridge deck, and 12, a deformed line shape of the bridge deck.

Detailed Description

The following description of the embodiments of the present invention will be made clearly and completely with reference to the accompanying drawings, in which it is apparent that the embodiments described are only some embodiments of the present invention, but not all embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be made by those skilled in the art based on the embodiments of the invention without making any inventive effort, are intended to be within the scope of the invention.

Example 1

The present embodiment provides a symmetrical collimated laser displacement measurement sensor, as shown in fig. 1, including:

the first sensor comprises a symmetrical collimating laser 1, the symmetrical collimating laser 1 comprises a left collimating laser 1-1 and a right collimating laser 1-2, and the left collimating laser 1-1 and the right collimating laser 1-2 are axisymmetric or centrosymmetric;

the second sensor is positioned at the left side of the first sensor, the second sensor comprises a right photoelectric receiver 2-2, the right photoelectric receiver 2-2 of the second sensor corresponds to the left collimating laser 1-1 of the first sensor, and the left collimating laser 1-1 of the first sensor receives laser light emitted along the laser light emitting direction 1-01 of the left collimating laser;

the third sensor is positioned on the right side of the first sensor, the third sensor comprises a left photoelectric receiver 2-1, the left photoelectric receiver 2-1 of the third sensor corresponds to the right collimated laser 1-2 of the first sensor, and laser light emitted by the right collimated laser 1-2 of the first sensor along the laser light emission direction 1-01 of the right collimated laser is received;

the collimated laser beams emitted by the left collimated laser 1-1 and the right collimated laser 1-2 of the first sensor are coaxial or parallel.

In some embodiments, the first sensor, the second sensor and the third sensor of the symmetrical collimating laser displacement measuring sensor are respectively installed on the corresponding multifunctional base 3, as shown in fig. 2, the multifunctional base 3 is installed on a tripod 4, and the tripod 4 is installed on a bridge deck 5;

the multifunctional base 3 has the functions of adjusting the height and the azimuth of the first sensor, the second sensor and the third sensor, and the multifunctional base 3 is provided with a height measuring sensor, an inclination angle sensor, a distance measuring sensor and a data acquisition processor; the height measurement sensor is used for measuring the initial height of the multifunctional base 3 from the bridge deck 5, the inclination sensor is used for measuring the inclination angle of the multifunctional base 3 and the horizontal plane, and the measurement errors caused by the inclination of the first sensor, the second sensor and the third sensor are corrected; the ranging sensor is used for measuring the horizontal distance between the current measuring point and the adjacent measuring point;

the output ends of the height measuring sensor, the inclination angle sensor and the ranging sensor on the left photoelectric receiver 2-1 of the third sensor of the symmetrical collimating laser displacement measuring sensor and the multifunctional base 3 where the left photoelectric receiver 2-1 is positioned are electrically connected with different input ends of the corresponding data acquisition processor, and the data acquisition processor calculates the relative displacement between the third sensor of the symmetrical collimating laser displacement measuring sensor and the second sensor of the symmetrical collimating laser displacement measuring sensor according to the measurement data of the height measuring sensor, the inclination angle sensor and the ranging sensor on the left photoelectric receiver 2-1 of the third sensor of the symmetrical collimating laser displacement measuring sensor and the multifunctional base 3 where the left photoelectric receiver 2-1 is positioned;

The output ends of the height measuring sensor, the inclination angle sensor and the ranging sensor on the right photoelectric receiver 2-2 of the second sensor of the symmetrical collimating laser displacement measuring sensor and the multifunctional base 3 where the right photoelectric receiver 2-2 is positioned are electrically connected with different input ends of the corresponding data acquisition processor, and the data acquisition processor calculates the relative displacement between the second sensor of the symmetrical collimating laser displacement measuring sensor and the second sensor of the symmetrical collimating laser displacement measuring sensor according to the measured data of the height measuring sensor, the inclination angle sensor and the ranging sensor on the right photoelectric receiver 2-2 of the second sensor of the symmetrical collimating laser displacement measuring sensor and the multifunctional base 3 where the right photoelectric receiver 2-2 is positioned.

In some embodiments, the left photoelectric receiver 2-1 and the right photoelectric receiver 2-2 adopt two-dimensional area array chips, so that vertical and horizontal displacement measurement can be realized.

Example 2

The embodiment provides a small and medium span bridge static deflection measuring system based on three groups of symmetrical collimating laser displacement measuring sensors, which comprises three groups of symmetrical collimating laser displacement measuring sensors;

SDC of first group of symmetrical collimation laser displacement measuring sensors ₁ The second sensor, the first sensor and the third sensor are correspondingly arranged on the measuring point P on the bridge surface 5 at the upper part of the bridge from left to right ₁ 、P ₂ 、P ₃ A place;

second group of symmetrical collimation laser displacement measuring sensor SDC ₂ The second sensor, the first sensor and the third sensor are correspondingly arranged on the measuring point P on the bridge surface 5 at the upper part of the bridge from left to right ₂ 、P ₃ 、P ₄ A place;

third group of symmetrical collimation laser displacement measurement sensors SDC ₃ The second sensor, the first sensor and the third sensor are correspondingly arranged on the measuring point P on the bridge surface 5 at the upper part of the bridge from left to right ₃ 、P ₄ 、P ₅ A place;

and the beam static and dynamic deflection measurement is realized by a small and medium span bridge static and dynamic deflection measurement system formed by the three groups of symmetrical collimation laser displacement measurement sensors.

In some embodiments, as shown in FIGS. 4-5, a second set of symmetrically collimated laser displacement measurement sensors SDC ₂ Is combined with the first set of symmetrically collimated laser displacement measurement sensors SDC ₁ The centers of the first sensors of (a) vertically correspond;

SDC of first group of symmetrical collimation laser displacement measuring sensors ₁ And a second set of symmetrically collimated laser displacement measurement sensors SDC ₂ Vertically corresponds to the center of the first sensor of (c).

In some embodiments, a second set of symmetrically collimated laser displacement measurement sensors SDC ₂ Is the first of (1)Sensor and third group of symmetrical collimation laser displacement measurement sensor SDC ₃ The center of the second sensor of (2) corresponds vertically;

second group of symmetrical collimation laser displacement measuring sensor SDC ₂ And a third set of symmetrically collimated laser displacement measurement sensors SDC ₃ Vertically corresponds to the center of the first sensor of (c).

In some embodiments, at station P ₂ SDC of a first set of symmetrically collimated laser displacement measurement sensors ₁ SDC of a first and a second set of symmetrically collimated laser displacement measurement sensors ₂ Is mounted on the same multifunctional mount 3.

In some embodiments, at station P ₃ SDC of a first set of symmetrically collimated laser displacement measurement sensors ₁ A third sensor, a second set of symmetrically collimated laser displacement measurement sensors SDC ₂ SDC of a third set of symmetrically collimated laser displacement measurement sensors ₃ Is mounted on the same multifunctional mount 3.

In some embodiments, at station P ₄ SDC of a second set of symmetrically collimated laser displacement measurement sensors ₂ And a third set of symmetrically collimated laser displacement measurement sensors SDC ₃ Is mounted on the same multifunctional base 3.

Example 3

The embodiment provides a small and medium span bridge static deflection and beam end rotation angle measurement system based on three groups of symmetrical collimating laser displacement measurement sensors, as shown in fig. 8, including the small and medium span bridge static deflection measurement system based on three groups of symmetrical collimating laser displacement measurement sensors described in embodiment 2, wherein:

Measuring point P ₁ The measuring point P is positioned on the bridge deck 5 at the upper part of the left bridge pier ₅ The measuring point P is positioned on the bridge deck 5 at the upper part of the right bridge pier ₂ 、P ₃ 、P ₄ The bridge deck 5 is positioned at the corresponding bridge deflection measuring point;

left beam end corner measuring sensor, left beam end corner measuring sensor includes a right collimating laser 1-2 and a left photoelectric receiver 2-1, and right collimating laser 1-2 of left beam end corner measuring sensor sets up at measuring point P ₁ The left photoelectric receiver 2-1 of the left beam end rotation angle measuring sensor is arranged at the measuring point P ₂ At the position, a left photoelectric receiver 2-1 of a left beam end rotation angle measuring sensor corresponds to a right collimating laser 1-2, receives laser emitted by the right collimating laser 1-2, and performs measuring point P ₁ The corner of the left beam end of the bridge is measured;

the right beam end rotation angle measuring sensor comprises a left collimating laser 1-1 and a right photoelectric receiver 2-2, wherein the left collimating laser 1-1 of the right beam end rotation angle measuring sensor is arranged at a measuring point P ₅ The right photoelectric receiver 2-2 of the right beam end rotation angle measuring sensor is arranged at the measuring point P ₄ At the position, a right photoelectric receiver 2-2 of the right beam end rotation angle measuring sensor corresponds to the left collimating laser 1-1, receives laser emitted by the left collimating laser 1-1 and performs measuring point P ₅ And (3) measuring the corner of the right beam end of the bridge.

In some embodiments, the right collimated lasers 1-2 of the left beam end rotation angle measurement sensor are disposed at the first set of symmetrically collimated laser displacement measurement sensors SDC ₁ The left photoelectric receiver 2-1 of the left beam end rotation angle measuring sensor is arranged on the multifunctional base 3 where the second sensor is arranged, and the first group of symmetrical collimation laser displacement measuring sensors SDC ₁ A multifunctional base 3 on which a first sensor is positioned;

left collimating laser 1-1 of right beam end corner measuring sensor is arranged on third group of symmetrical collimating laser displacement measuring sensor SDC ₃ The right photoelectric receiver 2-2 of the right beam end rotation angle measuring sensor is arranged on the multifunctional base 3 where the third sensor is arranged, and the third group of symmetrical collimation laser displacement measuring sensors SDC ₃ Is positioned on the multifunctional base 3 where the first sensor is positioned.

In some embodiments, the system for measuring static deflection and beam end rotation angle of a middle-span bridge based on three groups of symmetrical collimated laser displacement measuring sensors further comprises:

The left bridge pier settlement measurement sensor comprises a right collimating laser 1-2 and a left photoelectric receiver 2-1, wherein the right collimating laser 1-2 of the left bridge pier settlement measurement sensor is arranged at a relatively stable measuring point P outside a left bridge pier of a bridge _L The left photoelectric receiver 2-1 of the left pier settlement measurement sensor is arranged at the measuring point P ₁ At the position, a left photoelectric receiver 2-1 of a left bridge pier settlement measurement sensor corresponds to a right collimating laser 1-2, receives laser emitted by the right collimating laser 1-2, performs settlement measurement of a left bridge pier, and measures a point P _L And measuring point P ₁ Is S _L ；

The right pier settlement measurement sensor comprises a left collimating laser 1-1 and a right photoelectric receiver 2-2, wherein the left collimating laser 1-1 of the right pier settlement measurement sensor is arranged at a relatively stable measuring point P outside a right pier of a bridge _R The right photoelectric receiver 2-2 of the right pier settlement measurement sensor is arranged at the measuring point P ₅ At the position, a right photoelectric receiver 2-2 of the right pier settlement measurement sensor corresponds to the left collimating laser 1-1, receives laser emitted by the left collimating laser 1-1, performs settlement measurement of the right pier, and measures a point P _R And measuring point P ₅ Is S _R 。

In some embodiments, the left photo-receiver 2-1 of the left pier settlement measurement sensor is disposed at the first set of symmetrically collimated laser displacement measurement sensors SDC ₁ A second sensor is arranged on the multifunctional base 3;

the right photoelectric receiver 2-2 of the right pier settlement measurement sensor is arranged on a third group of symmetrical collimation laser displacement measurement sensors SDC ₃ A third sensor is positioned on the multifunctional base 3.

Example 4

The embodiment provides a method for measuring static deflection and beam end rotation angle of a middle-span and small-span bridge based on three groups of symmetrical collimation laser displacement measurement sensors, which comprises the following steps:

step 1, arranging the small and medium span bridge static deflection and beam end rotation angle measuring system based on the three groups of symmetrical collimation laser displacement measuring sensors in the embodiment 1 on a bridge;

step 2, calculating bridge deflection through measurement data of a small and medium span bridge static deflection and beam end rotation angle measurement system based on three groups of symmetrical collimation laser displacement measurement sensors, wherein the concrete process is as follows:

step 21, measuring the measuring point P ₁ 、P ₂ 、P ₃ 、P ₄ 、P ₅ The corresponding bridge deck initial position is in the coordinate y of the coordinate system O-XY ₁ ⁰ 、y ₂ ⁰ 、y ₃ ⁰ 、y ₄ ⁰ 、y ₅ ⁰ The initial line shape 11 of the bridge deck is obtained by the following steps:

As shown in FIGS. 3 to 4, S ₁ For measuring point P ₁ 、P ₂ Distance between S ₂ For measuring point P ₂ 、P ₃ Distance between S ₃ For measuring point P ₃ 、P ₄ Distance between S ₄ For measuring point P ₄ 、P ₅ A distance therebetween; c (C) ₁ ⁰ C ₁ ⁰ ' SDC for first group of symmetrical collimated laser displacement measurement sensors ₁ At the measuring point P ₁ 、P ₂ 、P ₃ Initial measurement reference of C ₂ ⁰ C ₂ ⁰ ' SDC for second group of symmetrical collimation laser displacement measurement sensor ₂ At the measuring point P ₂ 、P ₃ 、P ₄ Initial measurement reference of C ₃ ⁰ C ₃ ⁰ ' SDC for third group of symmetrical collimation laser displacement measurement sensor ₃ At the measuring point P ₃ 、P ₄ 、P ₅ Is used for measuring the initial measurement reference of the device; based on initial measurement reference C ₁ ⁰ C ₁ ⁰ ' measuring to obtain a first group of symmetrical collimated laser displacement measuring sensors SDC ₁ At the measuring point P ₁ 、P ₂ 、P ₃ Right photo receiver 2-2 center of the second sensor, symmetrically collimated laser 1 center of the first sensor, and left light of the third sensorInitial height h of the center of the electrical receiver 2-1 from the deck 5 ₁ ¹⁰ 、h ₂ ¹⁰ 、h ₃ ¹⁰ The method comprises the steps of carrying out a first treatment on the surface of the Based on initial measurement reference C ₂ ⁰ C ₂ ⁰ ' measuring to obtain a second group of symmetrical collimation laser displacement measuring sensors SDC ₂ At the measuring point P ₂ 、P ₃ 、P ₄ The center of the right photo-receiver 2-2 of the second sensor, the center of the symmetrically collimated laser 1 of the first sensor, and the center of the left photo-receiver 2-1 of the third sensor are at an initial height h from the bridge floor 5 ₁ ²⁰ 、h ₂ ²⁰ 、h ₃ ²⁰ The method comprises the steps of carrying out a first treatment on the surface of the Based on initial measurement reference C ₃ ⁰ C ₃ ⁰ ' measuring to obtain a third group of symmetrical collimation laser displacement measuring sensors SDC ₃ At the measuring point P ₃ 、P ₄ 、P ₅ The center of the right photo-receiver 2-2 of the second sensor, the center of the symmetrically collimated laser 1 of the first sensor, and the center of the left photo-receiver 2-1 of the third sensor are at an initial height h from the bridge floor 5 ₁ ³⁰ 、h ₂ ³⁰ 、h ₃ ³⁰ The method comprises the steps of carrying out a first treatment on the surface of the The following ratio is obtained:

((h ₃ ¹⁰ +y ₃ ⁰ )-(h ₁ ¹⁰ +y ₁ ⁰ ))/(S ₁ +S ₂ )＝((h ₂ ¹⁰ +y ₂ ⁰ )-(h ₁ ¹⁰ +y ₁ ⁰ ))/S ₁ ；

((h ₃ ²⁰ +y ₄ ⁰ )-(h ₁ ²⁰ +y ₂ ⁰ ))/(S ₂ +S ₃ )＝((h ₂ ²⁰ +y ₃ ⁰ )-(h ₁ ²⁰ +y ₂ ⁰ ))/S ₂ ；

((h ₃ ³⁰ +y ₅ ⁰ )-(h ₁ ³⁰ +y ₃ ⁰ ))/(S ₃ +S ₄ )＝((h ₂ ³⁰ +y ₄ ⁰ )-(h ₁ ³⁰ +y ₃ ⁰ ))/S ₃ ；

and then obtain:

as shown in fig. 4, y ₁ ⁰ 、y ₅ ⁰ To construct the coordinate system O-XY, X coordinate axis and measuring point P ₁ 、P ₅ When X coordinate axis in the coordinate system O-XY passes through bridge pier P at two ends of bridge ₁₀ 、P ₅₀ When connecting the bridge beam end 10, y ₁ ⁰ ＝0、y ₅ ⁰ ＝0；

Finally, h ₁ ¹⁰ 、h ₂ ¹⁰ 、h ₃ ¹⁰ 、h ₁ ²⁰ 、h ₂ ²⁰ 、h ₃ ²⁰ 、h ₁ ³⁰ 、h ₂ ³⁰ 、h ₃ ³⁰ 、y ₁ ⁰ 、y ₅ ⁰ Carry over into the above y ₃ ⁰ 、y ₄ ⁰ 、y ₅ ⁰ Solving the calculation formula of (2) to obtain y ₂ ⁰ 、y ₃ ⁰ 、y ₄ ⁰ From this, the measurement point P can be obtained ₁ 、P ₂ 、P ₃ 、P ₄ 、P ₅ Initial coordinates of the corresponding deck location: y is ₁ ⁰ 、y ₂ ⁰ 、y ₃ ⁰ 、y ₄ ⁰ 、y ₅ ⁰ Thereby obtaining an initial line shape 11 of the bridge deck;

step 22, measuring the measuring point P ₁ 、P ₂ 、P ₃ 、P ₄ 、P ₅ The corresponding bridge floor position is the coordinate y in the coordinate system O-XY after bridge deformation ₁ 、y ₂ 、y ₃ 、y ₄ 、y ₅ The line shape 12 after bridge deck deformation is obtained, and the specific process is as follows:

as shown in FIG. 5, C ₁ C ₁ ' first group of symmetrical collimation laser displacement measurement sensors SDC after bridge deformation ₁ At the measuring point P ₁ 、P ₂ 、P ₃ C is the measurement standard of (2) ₂ C ₂ ' second group of symmetrical collimation laser displacement measurement sensors SDC after bridge deformation ₂ At the measuring point P ₂ 、P ₃ 、P ₄ C is the measurement standard of (2) ₃ C ₃ ' third group of symmetrical collimation laser displacement measurement sensors SDC after bridge deformation ₃ At the measuring point P ₃ 、P ₄ 、P ₅ Is a measurement reference of (a); based on measurement reference C ₁ C ₁ ' sensor SDC is measured by a first set of symmetrically collimated laser displacements ₁ The right photo receiver 2-2 of the second sensor of (2) obtains the height h of its center from the deck 5 ₁ ¹ SDC by a first set of symmetrically collimated laser displacement measurement sensors ₁ The left photo receiver 2-1 of the third sensor of (2) obtains the height h of its center from the deck 5 ₃ ¹ The method comprises the steps of carrying out a first treatment on the surface of the Based on measurement reference C ₂ C ₂ ' sensor SDC is measured by a second set of symmetrically collimated laser displacements ₂ The right photo receiver 2-2 of the second sensor of (2) obtains the height h of its center from the deck 5 ₁ ² SDC by a second set of symmetrically collimated laser displacement measurement sensors ₂ The left photo receiver 2-1 of the third sensor of (2) obtains the height h of its center from the deck 5 ₃ ² The method comprises the steps of carrying out a first treatment on the surface of the Based on measurement reference C ₃ C ₃ ' sensor SDC for measuring displacement by third group of symmetrical collimated laser ₃ Is the first of (2)The right photoelectric receiver 2-2 of the two sensors obtains the height h of the center thereof from the bridge deck 5 ₁ ³ SDC (laser displacement measurement sensor) through third group of symmetrical collimation laser ₃ The left photo receiver 2-1 of the third sensor of (2) obtains the height h of its center from the deck 5 ₃ ³ The following ratio is obtained:

((h ₃ ¹ +y ₃ )-(h ₁ ¹ +y ₁ ))/(S ₁ +S ₂ )＝((h ₂ ¹ +y ₂ )-(h ₁ ¹ +y ₁ ))/S ₁ ；

((h ₃ ² +y ₄ )-(h ₁ ² +y ₂ ))/(S ₂ +S ₃ )＝((h ₂ ² +y ₃ )-(h ₁ ² +y ₂ ))/S ₂ ；

((h ₃ ³ +y ₅ )-(h ₁ ³ +y ₃ ))/(S ₃ +S ₄ )＝((h ₂ ³ +y ₄ )-(h ₁ ³ +y ₃ ))/S ₃ ；

and then obtain:

wherein h is ₂ ¹ Is the first group of symmetry after the bridge is deformedDirect laser displacement measurement sensor SDC ₁ The height, h, of the center of the symmetrically collimated laser 1 from the deck 5 of the first sensor of (2) ₂ ² Second group of symmetrical collimation laser displacement measurement sensors SDC after bridge deformation ₂ The height, h, of the center of the symmetrically collimated laser 1 from the deck 5 of the first sensor of (2) ₂ ³ Third group of symmetrical collimation laser displacement measurement sensors SDC after bridge deformation ₃ The height, h, of the center of the symmetrically collimated laser 1 from the deck 5 of the first sensor of (2) ₂ ¹ ＝h ₂ ¹⁰ ，h ₂ ² ＝h ₂ ²⁰ ，h ₂ ³ ＝h ₂ ³⁰ ；

As shown in fig. 5, y ₁ 、y ₅ To construct X coordinate axis and measuring point P on bridge pier when O-XY coordinate system ₁ 、P ₅ Y when the X coordinate axis in the coordinate system O-XY passes through the bridge end connecting line 10 ₁ ＝0、y ₅ ＝0；

Then, h ₁ ¹ 、h ₂ ¹ 、h ₃ ¹ 、h ₁ ² 、h ₂ ² 、h ₃ ² 、h ₁ ³ 、h ₂ ³ 、h ₃ ³ 、y ₁ 、y ₅ Carry over into the above y ₃ 、y ₄ 、y ₅ Solving the calculation formula of (2) to obtain y ₂ 、y ₃ 、y ₄ From this, the measurement point P can be obtained ₁ 、P ₂ 、P ₃ 、P ₄ 、P ₅ Dynamic coordinates of the corresponding bridge deck line change: y is ₁ 、y ₂ 、y ₃ 、y ₄ 、y ₅ Further obtaining a deformed line shape 12 of the bridge deck;

step 23, based on the measuring point P ₁ 、P ₂ 、P ₃ 、P ₄ 、P ₅ Coordinate y in coordinate system O-XY after bridge deformation ₁ 、y ₂ 、y ₃ 、y ₄ 、y ₅ And measuring point P ₁ 、P ₂ 、P ₃ 、P ₄ 、P ₅ The corresponding initial position of the bridge deck is in a coordinate systemInitial coordinate y in O-XY ₁ ⁰ 、y ₂ ⁰ 、y ₃ ⁰ 、y ₄ ⁰ 、y ₅ ⁰ The measurement point P is calculated according to the following ₁ 、P ₂ 、P ₃ 、P ₄ 、P ₅ Corresponding bridge deflection deltay ₁ 、Δy ₂ 、Δy ₃ 、Δy ₄ 、Δy ₅ ：

Δy ₁ ＝y ₁ -y ₁ ⁰ ；

Δy ₂ ＝y ₂ -y ₂ ⁰ ；

Δy ₃ ＝y ₃ -y ₃ ⁰ ；

Δy ₄ ＝y ₄ -y ₄ ⁰ ；

Δy ₅ ＝y ₅ -y ₅ ⁰ ；

Δy when X coordinate axis in coordinate system O-XY passes through bridge end connection line 10 ₁ ＝0、Δy ₅ ＝0。

as shown in fig. 8 to 10, the left beam end rotation angle measuring sensor is used for measuring the position of a point P ₁ The right collimated laser 1-2 of (a) emits collimated laser beam to irradiate it at the measuring point P ₂ Is measured to obtain delta by the left photoelectric receiver 2-1 of (2) _1-2 The method can obtain:

Δ _1-2 ＝δ _1-2 +Δy ₂ ；

wherein delta is _1-2 The collimated laser beam of the right collimated laser 1-2 which is the left beam end rotation angle measuring sensor is due to the measuring point P ₁ Is the rotation angle theta of (2) ₁ At the measuring point P ₂ Displacement value delta caused by the position _1-2 Is a measuring point P after bridge deformation ₂ Is the coordinate y of (2) ₂ The distance between the laser spot coordinates of the right collimating laser 1-2 (the left beam end rotation angle measuring sensor) received by the left photoelectric receiver 2-1 of the left beam end rotation angle measuring sensor;

can obtain the upper measuring point P of the bridge pier at the left side of the bridge ₁ The corner of the left beam end of the bridge is the corner theta ₁ ：

θ ₁ ＝tg ^-1 (Δ _1-2 /S ₁ )；

The sensor is measured at a measuring point P through a right beam end rotation angle ₅ The left collimated laser 1-1 of (1) emits collimated laser beam to irradiate it at the measuring point P ₄ Is measured to obtain delta by the right photoelectric receiver 2-2 of (2) _4-5 The method can obtain:

Δ _5-4 ＝δ _5-4 +Δy ₄ ；

wherein delta is _5-4 The collimated laser beam of the left collimated laser 1-1 which is the right beam end rotation angle measuring sensor is due to the measuring point P ₅ Is the rotation angle theta of (2) ₅ At the measuring point P ₄ Displacement value delta caused by the position _5-4 Is a measuring point P after bridge deformation ₄ Is the coordinate y of (2) ₄ The distance between the laser spot coordinates of the left collimating laser 1-1 and the right photoelectric receiver 2-2 of the right beam end rotation angle measuring sensor (right beam end rotation angle measuring sensor);

the upper measuring point P of the bridge pier on the right side of the bridge can be obtained ₅ Is the corner of the right beam end of the bridge ₅ ：

θ ₅ ＝tg ^-1 (Δ _5-4 /S ₄ )。

In some embodiments, as shown in FIG. 6, h ₁ ¹⁰ 、h ₂ ¹⁰ 、h ₃ ¹⁰ The corresponding steps are as follows: SDC of first group of symmetrical collimation laser displacement measuring sensors ₁ The right photoelectric receiver 2-2 of the second sensor, the symmetrical collimating laser 1 of the first sensor and the left photoelectric receiver 2-1 of the third sensor are positioned at the height H of the upper mounting surface of the multifunctional base 3 from the bridge deck 5 _C1 ¹⁰ 、H _C2 ¹⁰ 、H _C3 ¹⁰ First group of symmetrical collimated laser displacement measurement sensors SDC ₁ The center of the right photoelectric receiver 2-2 of the second sensor, the center of the symmetrical collimating laser 1 of the first sensor, and the center of the left photoelectric receiver 2-1 of the third sensor are at a distance corresponding to the height H of the upper mounting surface of the multifunctional base 3 _G1 ¹⁰ 、H _G2 ¹⁰ 、H _G3 ¹⁰ These two correspond to the added integrated value; similarly, h ₁ ²⁰ 、h ₂ ²⁰ 、h ₃ ²⁰ The method comprises the following steps of: second group of symmetrical collimation laser displacement measuring sensor SDC ₂ The right photoelectric receiver 2-2 of the second sensor, the symmetrical collimating laser 1 of the first sensor and the left photoelectric receiver 2-1 of the third sensor are positioned at the height H of the upper mounting surface of the multifunctional base 3 from the bridge deck 5 _C1 ²⁰ 、H _C2 ²⁰ 、H _C3 ²⁰ Second group of symmetrical collimated laser displacement measurement sensors SDC ₂ The center of the right photoelectric receiver 2-2 of the second sensor, the center of the symmetrical collimating laser 1 of the first sensor, and the center of the left photoelectric receiver 2-1 of the third sensor are at a distance corresponding to the height H of the upper mounting surface of the multifunctional base 3 _G1 ²⁰ 、H _G2 ²⁰ 、H _G3 ²⁰ These two correspond to the added integrated value; h is a ₁ ³⁰ 、h ₂ ³⁰ 、h ₃ ³⁰ The method comprises the following steps of: third group of symmetrical collimation laser displacement measurement sensors SDC ₃ The right photoelectric receiver 2-2 of the second sensor, the symmetrical collimating laser 1 of the first sensor and the left photoelectric receiver 2-1 of the third sensor are positioned at the height H of the upper mounting surface of the multifunctional base 3 from the bridge deck 5 _C1 ³⁰ 、H _C2 ³⁰ 、H _C3 ³⁰ Third group of symmetrical collimation laser displacement measurement sensors SDC ₃ The center of the right photoelectric receiver 2-2 of the second sensor, the center of the symmetrical collimating laser 1 of the first sensor, and the center of the left photoelectric receiver 2-1 of the third sensor are at a distance corresponding to the height H of the upper mounting surface of the multifunctional base 3 _G1 ³⁰ 、H _G2 ³⁰ 、H _G3 ³⁰ The two correspond to the added integrated value, and the measurement accuracy is ensured.

In some embodiments, as shown in FIG. 7, h ₁ ¹ The method comprises the following steps: SDC of first group of symmetrical collimation laser displacement measuring sensors ₁ The initial height h of the center of the right photo-receiver 2-2 from the deck 5 of the second sensor of (c) ₁ ¹⁰ First group of symmetrical collimation laser displacement measurement sensors SDC after bridge deformation ₁ Right photoelectric of the second sensor of (2)The height change ΔH of the center of the receiver 2-2 _G1 ¹ The two are combined into a poor value; h is a ₃ ¹ The method comprises the following steps: SDC of first group of symmetrical collimation laser displacement measuring sensors ₁ The initial height h of the center of the left photo-receiver 2-1 of the third sensor of (2) from the deck 5 ₃ ¹⁰ First group of symmetrical collimation laser displacement measurement sensors SDC after bridge deformation ₁ The height change Δh of the center thereof obtained by the left photo receiver 2-1 of the third sensor of (a) _G3 ¹ The two are combined into a poor value;

similarly, h ₁ ² The method comprises the following steps: second group of symmetrical collimation laser displacement measuring sensor SDC ₂ The initial height h of the center of the right photo-receiver 2-2 from the deck 5 of the second sensor of (c) ₁ ²⁰ Second group of symmetrical collimation laser displacement measurement sensors SDC after bridge deformation ₂ The height change Δh of the center thereof obtained by the right photo receiver 2-2 of the second sensor of (a) _G1 ² The two are combined into a poor value; h is a ₃ ² The method comprises the following steps: second group of symmetrical collimation laser displacement measuring sensor SDC ₂ The initial height h of the center of the left photo-receiver 2-1 of the third sensor of (2) from the deck 5 ₃ ²⁰ Second group of symmetrical collimation laser displacement measurement sensors SDC after bridge deformation ₂ The height change Δh of the center thereof obtained by the left photo receiver 2-1 of the third sensor of (a) _G3 ² The two are combined into a poor value;

similarly, h ₁ ³ The method comprises the following steps: third group of symmetrical collimation laser displacement measurement sensors SDC ₃ The initial height h of the center of the right photo-receiver 2-2 from the deck 5 of the second sensor of (c) ₁ ³⁰ Third group of symmetrical collimation laser displacement measurement sensors SDC after bridge deformation ₃ The height change Δh of the center thereof obtained by the right photo receiver 2-2 of the second sensor of (a) _G1 ³ The two are combined into a poor value; h is a ₃ ³ The method comprises the following steps: third group of symmetrical collimation laser displacement measurement sensors SDC ₃ The initial height h of the center of the left photo-receiver 2-1 of the third sensor of (2) from the deck 5 ₃ ³⁰ Bridge deformationSDC (laser displacement measurement sensor) for rear third group of symmetrical collimation laser ₃ The height change Δh of the center thereof obtained by the left photo receiver 2-1 of the third sensor of (a) _G3 ³ The two are combined to a poor value.

In some embodiments, when station P ₁ 、P ₂ 、P ₃ 、P ₄ 、P ₅ Are uniformly distributed among S ₁ ＝S ₂ ＝S ₃ ＝S ₄ The dynamic line shape of the bridge with three measuring points of 1/4, 2/4 and 3/4 can be obtained, and as shown in fig. 11, the dynamic line shape after bridge deformation is calculated as follows:

y ₃ ＝2y ₂ -y ₁ +(2h ₂ ¹ -h ₁ ¹ -h ₃ ¹ )；

y ₄ ＝2y ₃ -y ₂ +(2h ₂ ² -h ₁ ² -h ₃ ² )；

y ₅ ＝2y ₄ -y ₃ +(2h ₂ ³ -h ₁ ³ -h ₃ ³ )。

the foregoing description is only of the preferred embodiments of the present invention and is not intended to limit the scope of the present invention. Any modification, equivalent replacement, improvement, etc. made within the spirit and principle of the present invention are included in the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. The small and medium span bridge static deflection measuring system based on three groups of symmetrical collimating laser displacement measuring sensors is characterized by comprising three groups of symmetrical collimating laser displacement measuring sensors;

SDC of first group of symmetrical collimation laser displacement measuring sensors ₁ The second sensor, the first sensor and the third sensor are correspondingly arranged at a measuring point P on the bridge deck (5) at the upper part of the bridge ₁ 、P ₂ 、P ₃ A place;

second group of symmetrical collimation laser displacement measuring sensor SDC ₂ Second sensor, first sensor of (a)The sensor and the third sensor are correspondingly arranged at a measuring point P on the bridge deck (5) at the upper part of the bridge ₂ 、P ₃ 、P ₄ A place;

third group of symmetrical collimation laser displacement measurement sensors SDC ₃ The second sensor, the first sensor and the third sensor are correspondingly arranged at a measuring point P on the bridge deck (5) at the upper part of the bridge ₃ 、P ₄ 、P ₅ A place;

2. The mid-span bridge static deflection measurement system based on three groups of symmetrical collimated laser displacement measurement sensors according to claim 1, wherein each group of symmetrical collimated laser displacement measurement sensors comprises:

a first sensor comprising a symmetrical collimated laser (1), the symmetrical collimated laser (1) comprising an axisymmetric or centrosymmetric left collimated laser (1-1) and right collimated laser (1-2);

The second sensor is positioned at the left side of the first sensor, the second sensor comprises a right photoelectric receiver (2-2), the right photoelectric receiver (2-2) of the second sensor corresponds to the left collimating laser (1-1) of the first sensor, and the left collimating laser (1-1) of the first sensor receives laser light emitted along the laser light emitting direction (1-01) of the left collimating laser;

the third sensor is positioned on the right side of the first sensor, the third sensor comprises a left photoelectric receiver (2-1), the left photoelectric receiver (2-1) of the third sensor corresponds to the right collimating laser (1-2) of the first sensor, and the right collimating laser (1-2) of the first sensor receives laser light emitted along the laser light emitting direction (1-01) of the right collimating laser.

3. The middle-span and small-span bridge static deflection measuring system based on three groups of symmetrical collimating laser displacement measuring sensors according to claim 2, wherein the first sensor, the second sensor and the third sensor of each group of symmetrical collimating laser displacement measuring sensors are respectively arranged on the corresponding multifunctional base (3);

each multifunctional base (3) has the functions of adjusting the heights and the orientations of the first sensor, the second sensor and the third sensor on the multifunctional base;

Each multifunctional base (3) is provided with a height measurement sensor, an inclination angle sensor, a distance measurement sensor and a data acquisition processor;

the right photoelectric receiver (2-2) of the second sensor of each group of symmetrical collimation laser displacement measuring sensors is electrically connected with the output ends of the height measuring sensor, the inclination angle sensor and the ranging sensor on the multifunctional base (3) where the right photoelectric receiver is positioned;

the left photoelectric receiver (2-1) of the third sensor of each group of symmetrical collimation laser displacement measuring sensors and the output ends of the height measuring sensor, the inclination angle sensor and the distance measuring sensor on the multifunctional base (3) where the left photoelectric receiver is positioned are all electrically connected with different input ends of the corresponding data acquisition processor.

4. A mid-span bridge static deflection measurement system based on three sets of symmetrically collimated laser displacement measurement sensors according to any one of claims 1-3, wherein the second set of symmetrically collimated laser displacement measurement sensors SDC ₂ Is combined with the first set of symmetrically collimated laser displacement measurement sensors SDC ₁ The centers of the first sensors of the plurality of sensors are vertically corresponding and are arranged on the same multifunctional base (3);

SDC of first group of symmetrical collimation laser displacement measuring sensors ₁ A third sensor, a second set of symmetrically collimated laser displacement measurement sensors SDC ₂ SDC of the first sensor and the third set of symmetrically collimated laser displacement measurement sensors ₃ The centers of the second sensors of the plurality of sensors are vertically corresponding and are arranged on the same multifunctional base (3);

second group of symmetrical collimation laser displacement measuring sensor SDC ₂ And a third set of symmetrically collimated laser displacement measurement sensors SDC ₃ Is vertically corresponding to the center of the first sensor and is installed on the same multifunctional sensorAnd a base (3).

5. The small and medium span bridge static deflection and beam end rotation angle measuring system based on three groups of symmetrical collimating laser displacement measuring sensors is characterized by comprising the small and medium span bridge static deflection measuring system based on three groups of symmetrical collimating laser displacement measuring sensors as set forth in any one of claims 1-4, wherein:

measuring point P ₁ The measuring point P is positioned on the bridge deck (5) at the upper part of the left bridge pier ₅ The measuring point P is positioned on the bridge deck (5) at the upper part of the right bridge pier ₂ 、P ₃ 、P ₄ The bridge surface (5) is positioned at the corresponding bridge deflection measuring point;

The left beam end rotation angle measuring sensor comprises a right collimating laser (1-2) and a left photoelectric receiver (2-1); the right collimating laser (1-2) of the left beam end rotation angle measuring sensor is arranged at a measuring point P ₁ A left photoelectric receiver (2-1) of the left beam end rotation angle measuring sensor is arranged at a measuring point P ₂ A place; the left photoelectric receiver (2-1) of the left beam end rotation angle measuring sensor corresponds to the right collimating laser (1-2), receives the laser emitted by the right collimating laser (1-2) and performs measuring point P ₁ The corner of the left beam end of the bridge is measured;

the right beam end rotation angle measuring sensor comprises a left collimating laser (1-1) and a right photoelectric receiver (2-2); the left collimating laser (1-1) of the right beam end corner measuring sensor is arranged at a measuring point P ₅ The right photoelectric receiver (2-2) of the right beam end rotation angle measuring sensor is arranged at the measuring point P ₄ A place; the right photoelectric receiver (2-2) of the right beam end rotation angle measuring sensor corresponds to the left collimating laser (1-1) and receives the laser emitted by the left collimating laser (1-1) to perform measuring point P ₅ And (3) measuring the corner of the right beam end of the bridge.

6. The system for measuring static deflection and beam-end rotation angle of a mid-span bridge based on three groups of symmetrical collimated laser displacement measuring sensors of claim 5, further comprising:

The left bridge pier settlement measuring sensor comprises a right collimating laser (1-2) and a left photoelectric receiver (2-1); the right collimating laser (1-2) of the left pier settlement measuring sensor is arranged at a relatively stable measuring point P outside the left pier of the bridge _L A left photoelectric receiver (2-1) of the left pier settlement measurement sensor is arranged at a measuring point P ₁ A place; a left photoelectric receiver (2-1) of the left bridge pier settlement measurement sensor corresponds to the right collimating laser (1-2) of the left bridge pier settlement measurement sensor, receives laser emitted by the right collimating laser (1-2) of the left bridge pier settlement measurement sensor, and performs settlement measurement of the left bridge pier;

the right pier settlement measuring sensor comprises a left collimating laser (1-1) and a right photoelectric receiver (2-2); the left collimating laser (1-1) of the right pier settlement measuring sensor is arranged at a relatively stable measuring point P outside the right pier of the bridge _R A place; the right photoelectric receiver (2-2) of the right pier settlement measurement sensor is arranged at a measuring point P ₅ The right photoelectric receiver (2-2) of the right bridge pier settlement measurement sensor corresponds to the left collimating laser (1-1) and receives the laser emitted by the left collimating laser (1-1) to perform settlement measurement of the right bridge pier.

7. The system for measuring static deflection and beam end rotation angle of a middle-span and small-span bridge based on three groups of symmetrical collimated laser displacement measuring sensors according to claim 6 is characterized in that,

A left photoelectric receiver (2-1) of a left bridge pier settlement measuring sensor and a right collimating laser (1-2) of a left beam end corner measuring sensor are arranged on a first group of symmetrical collimating laser displacement measuring sensors SDC ₁ A multifunctional base (3) on which a second sensor is positioned;

a left photoelectric receiver (2-1) of the left beam end rotation angle measuring sensor is arranged on a first group of symmetrical collimation laser displacement measuring sensors SDC ₁ Is arranged on a multifunctional base (3) where the first sensor is arranged;

the right photoelectric receiver (2-2) of the right pier settlement measurement sensor and the left collimating laser (1-1) of the right beam end rotation angle measurement sensor are arranged on the third group of symmetrical collimating laser displacement measurement sensors SDC ₃ A multifunctional base (3) on which a third sensor is positioned;

a right photoelectric receiver (2-2) of the right beam end rotation angle measuring sensor is arranged on a third group of symmetrical collimation laser displacement measuring sensors SDC ₃ Is arranged on a multifunctional base (3) where the first sensor is arranged.

8. The method for measuring static deflection and beam end rotation angle of the middle-span and small-span bridge based on three groups of symmetrical collimation laser displacement measuring sensors is characterized by comprising the following steps of:

step 1, arranging the small and medium span bridge static deflection and beam end rotation angle measuring system based on three groups of symmetrical collimation laser displacement measuring sensors on a bridge;

Δy ₁ ＝y ₁ -y ₁ ⁰ ；

Δy ₂ ＝y ₂ -y ₂ ⁰ ；

Δy ₃ ＝y ₃ -y ₃ ⁰ ；

Δy ₄ ＝y ₄ -y ₄ ⁰ ；

Δy ₅ ＝y ₅ -y ₅ ⁰ ；

When X coordinate axis in the coordinate system O-XY passes through the bridge beam end connecting line (10), delta y ₁ ＝0、Δy ₅ ＝0；

the sensor is used for measuring the angle of rotation at the left beam end at a measuring point P ₁ The right collimated laser (1-2) emits collimated laser beam to irradiate the point P at the measuring point ₂ Is measured to obtain delta by a left photoelectric receiver (2-1) _1-2 Obtaining:

Δ _1-2 ＝δ _1-2 +Δy ₂ ；

wherein delta is _1-2 The collimated laser beam of the right collimated laser (1-2) which is the left beam end rotation angle measuring sensor is due to the measuring point P ₁ Is the rotation angle theta of (2) ₁ At the measuring point P ₂ Displacement value delta caused by the position _1-2 Is a measuring point P after bridge deformation ₂ Is the coordinate y of (2) ₂ The distance between the laser spot coordinates of the right collimating laser (1-2) received by the left photoelectric receiver (2-1) of the left beam end rotation angle measuring sensor;

thereby obtaining the upper measuring point P of the bridge pier at the left side of the bridge ₁ Is the left beam end of the bridgeAngle of rotation theta ₁ ：

θ ₁ ＝tg ^-1 (Δ _1-2 /S ₁ )；

The sensor is measured at a measuring point P through a right beam end rotation angle ₅ The left collimated laser (1-1) emits collimated laser beam to irradiate the point P at the measuring point ₄ Is measured to obtain delta by the right photoelectric receiver (2-2) _4-5 Obtaining:

Δ _5-4 ＝δ _5-4 +Δy ₄ ；

wherein delta is _5-4 The collimated laser beam of the left collimated laser (1-1) which is the right beam end rotation angle measuring sensor is due to the measuring point P ₅ Is the rotation angle theta of (2) ₅ At the measuring point P ₄ Displacement value delta caused by the position _5-4 Is a measuring point P after bridge deformation ₄ Is the coordinate y of (2) ₄ The distance between the right photoelectric receiver (2-2) of the right beam end rotation angle measuring sensor and the laser spot coordinates of the left collimating laser (1-1) of the right photoelectric receiver;

θ ₅ ＝tg ^-1 (Δ _5-4 /S ₄ )。

9. The method for measuring static deflection and beam end rotation angle of a middle-span and small-span bridge based on three groups of symmetrical collimated laser displacement measuring sensors according to claim 8, wherein the measuring point P is measured in the following process in step 21 ₁ 、P ₂ 、P ₃ 、P ₄ 、P ₅ The corresponding bridge floor position is initially set at the coordinate y in the coordinate system O-XY ₁ ⁰ 、y ₂ ⁰ 、y ₃ ⁰ 、y ₄ ⁰ 、y ₅ ⁰ ：

First, based on initial measurement reference C ₁ ⁰ C ₁ ⁰ ' measuring to obtain a first group of symmetrical collimated laser displacement measuring sensors SDC ₁ At the measuring point P ₁ 、P ₂ 、P ₃ Right photo receiver (2-2) center of the second sensor, symmetrical collimated laser (1) center of the first sensor, and third sensorThe initial height h of the center of the left photoelectric receiver (2-1) from the bridge deck (5) ₁ ¹⁰ 、h ₂ ¹⁰ 、h ₃ ¹⁰ The method comprises the steps of carrying out a first treatment on the surface of the Based on initial measurement reference C ₂ ⁰ C ₂ ⁰ ' measuring to obtain a second group of symmetrical collimation laser displacement measuring sensors SDC ₂ At the measuring point P ₂ 、P ₃ 、P ₄ The center of the right photoelectric receiver (2-2) of the second sensor, the center of the symmetrical collimating laser (1) of the first sensor and the center of the left photoelectric receiver (2-1) of the third sensor are at an initial height h from the bridge deck (5) ₁ ²⁰ 、h ₂ ²⁰ 、h ₃ ²⁰ The method comprises the steps of carrying out a first treatment on the surface of the Based on initial measurement reference C ₃ ⁰ C ₃ ⁰ ' measuring to obtain a third group of symmetrical collimation laser displacement measuring sensors SDC ₃ At the measuring point P ₃ 、P ₄ 、P ₅ The center of the right photoelectric receiver (2-2) of the second sensor, the center of the symmetrical collimating laser (1) of the first sensor and the center of the left photoelectric receiver (2-1) of the third sensor are at an initial height h from the bridge deck (5) ₁ ³⁰ 、h ₂ ³⁰ 、h ₃ ³⁰ ；C ₁ ⁰ C ₁ ⁰ ' SDC for first group of symmetrical collimated laser displacement measurement sensors ₁ At the measuring point P ₁ 、P ₂ 、P ₃ Initial measurement reference of C ₂ ⁰ C ₂ ⁰ ' SDC for second group of symmetrical collimation laser displacement measurement sensor ₂ At the measuring point P ₂ 、P ₃ 、P ₄ Initial measurement reference of C ₃ ⁰ C ₃ ⁰ ' SDC for third group of symmetrical collimation laser displacement measurement sensor ₃ At the measuring point P ₃ 、P ₄ 、P ₅ To obtain:

wherein S is ₁ For measuring point P ₁ 、P ₂ Distance between S ₂ For measuring point P ₂ 、P ₃ Distance between S ₃ For measuring point P ₃ 、P ₄ Distance between S ₄ For measuring point P ₄ 、P ₅ A distance therebetween; y is ₁ ⁰ 、y ₅ ⁰ To construct the coordinate system O-XY, X coordinate axis and measuring point P ₁ 、P ₅ When X coordinate axis in the coordinate system O-XY passes through bridge pier P at two ends of bridge ₁₀ 、P ₅₀ When connecting the bridge ends (10), y ₁ ⁰ ＝0、y ₅ ⁰ ＝0；

10. The method for measuring static deflection and beam end rotation angle of a middle-span and small-span bridge based on three groups of symmetrical collimated laser displacement measuring sensors according to claim 8, wherein the measuring point P is measured in the following process in step 22 ₁ 、P ₂ 、P ₃ 、P ₄ 、P ₅ The corresponding bridge floor position is the coordinate y in the coordinate system O-XY after bridge deformation ₁ 、y ₂ 、y ₃ 、y ₄ 、y ₅ ：

First, based on measurement reference C ₁ C ₁ ' sensor SDC is measured by a first set of symmetrically collimated laser displacements ₁ The right photoelectric receiver (2-2) of the second sensor of (2) obtains the height h of the center thereof from the bridge deck (5) ₁ ¹ SDC by a first set of symmetrically collimated laser displacement measurement sensors ₁ The left photoelectric receiver (2-1) of the third sensor of (2) obtains the height h of the center thereof from the bridge deck (5) ₃ ¹ The method comprises the steps of carrying out a first treatment on the surface of the Based on measurement reference C ₂ C ₂ ' sensor SDC is measured by a second set of symmetrically collimated laser displacements ₂ The right photoelectric receiver (2-2) of the second sensor of (2) obtains the height h of the center thereof from the bridge deck (5) ₁ ² SDC by a second set of symmetrically collimated laser displacement measurement sensors ₂ The left photoelectric receiver (2-1) of the third sensor of (2) obtains the height h of the center thereof from the bridge deck (5) ₃ ² The method comprises the steps of carrying out a first treatment on the surface of the Based on measurement reference C ₃ C ₃ ' sensor SDC for measuring displacement by third group of symmetrical collimated laser ₃ The right photoelectric receiver (2-2) of the second sensor of (2) obtains the height h of the center thereof from the bridge deck (5) ₁ ³ SDC (laser displacement measurement sensor) through third group of symmetrical collimation laser ₃ The left photoelectric receiver (2-1) of the third sensor of (2) obtains the height h of the center thereof from the bridge deck (5) ₃ ³ ；C ₁ C ₁ ' first group of symmetrical collimation laser displacement measurement sensors SDC after bridge deformation ₁ At the measuring point P ₁ 、P ₂ 、P ₃ C is the measurement standard of (2) ₂ C ₂ ' is the second set of symmetry after bridge deformationDirect laser displacement measurement sensor SDC ₂ At the measuring point P ₂ 、P ₃ 、P ₄ C is the measurement standard of (2) ₃ C ₃ ' third group of symmetrical collimation laser displacement measurement sensors SDC after bridge deformation ₃ At the measuring point P ₃ 、P ₄ 、P ₅ To obtain the measurement standard of (a):

Wherein S is ₁ For measuring point P ₁ 、P ₂ Distance between S ₂ For measuring point P ₂ 、P ₃ Distance between S ₃ For measuring point P ₃ 、P ₄ Distance between S ₄ For measuring point P ₄ 、P ₅ A distance therebetween; h is a ₂ ¹ SDC (sensor digital data center) for measuring first group of symmetrical collimation laser displacement after bridge deformation ₁ The height, h, of the centre of the symmetrically collimated laser (1) from the deck (5) of the first sensor of (2) ₂ ² Second group of symmetrical collimation laser displacement measurement sensors SDC after bridge deformation ₂ The height, h, of the centre of the symmetrically collimated laser (1) from the deck (5) of the first sensor of (2) ₂ ³ Third group of symmetrical collimation laser displacement measurement sensors SDC after bridge deformation ₃ The height, h, of the centre of the symmetrically collimated laser (1) from the deck (5) of the first sensor of (2) ₂ ¹ ＝h ₂ ¹⁰ ，h ₂ ² ＝h ₂ ²⁰ ，h ₂ ³ ＝h ₂ ³⁰ ；y ₁ 、y ₅ To construct X coordinate axis and measuring point P on bridge pier when O-XY coordinate system ₁ 、P ₅ Y when X coordinate axis in the coordinate system O-XY passes through the bridge beam end connecting line (10) ₁ ＝0、y ₅ ＝0；