CN113029087A - Method for measuring space installation angle of ship body base - Google Patents
Method for measuring space installation angle of ship body base Download PDFInfo
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- CN113029087A CN113029087A CN202110457677.8A CN202110457677A CN113029087A CN 113029087 A CN113029087 A CN 113029087A CN 202110457677 A CN202110457677 A CN 202110457677A CN 113029087 A CN113029087 A CN 113029087A
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01C—MEASURING DISTANCES, LEVELS OR BEARINGS; SURVEYING; NAVIGATION; GYROSCOPIC INSTRUMENTS; PHOTOGRAMMETRY OR VIDEOGRAMMETRY
- G01C1/00—Measuring angles
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01C—MEASURING DISTANCES, LEVELS OR BEARINGS; SURVEYING; NAVIGATION; GYROSCOPIC INSTRUMENTS; PHOTOGRAMMETRY OR VIDEOGRAMMETRY
- G01C15/00—Surveying instruments or accessories not provided for in groups G01C1/00 - G01C13/00
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01C—MEASURING DISTANCES, LEVELS OR BEARINGS; SURVEYING; NAVIGATION; GYROSCOPIC INSTRUMENTS; PHOTOGRAMMETRY OR VIDEOGRAMMETRY
- G01C15/00—Surveying instruments or accessories not provided for in groups G01C1/00 - G01C13/00
- G01C15/002—Active optical surveying means
- G01C15/004—Reference lines, planes or sectors
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Abstract
The invention provides a method for measuring a space installation angle of a ship hull base, which comprises the following steps: 1) the center line of the ship body is used as a reference line for measuring by a measuring instrument, and the platform to be installed on the base is used as a reference surface for measuring by the measuring instrument; 2) selecting at least three non-collinear measuring points on the end surface of the base, and determining the mutual position relation of the three measuring points; 3) respectively measuring data of vertical angles, horizontal angles and slope distances of the three measuring points; 4) determining the installation angle between the end surface of the base and the central line and the installation angle between the end surface of the base and the reference surface according to the mutual position relation of the three measurement points, the vertical angle, the horizontal angle and the slope distance; the measurement accuracy is improved by effectively avoiding the accumulated deviation in the measurement process, meanwhile, the measurement data can be quickly generated by instrument measurement, the space installation angle of the ship base can be obtained through calculation, the space installation angle efficiency of the base is improved, and the operation method is simple and convenient to use.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of ship construction, in particular to a method for measuring a space installation angle of a hull base.
Background
In the ship building process, due to functional requirements, some ship bases have installation angles (not 90 degrees) in one direction or two directions during design, the installation angle precision requirement of the bases is high, and the poor installation precision directly influences the use performance of installation equipment.
In the existing base space angle measuring method, a projection line of a base reticle needs to be made on the ground or a platform, and then the base installation angle needs to be calculated. The measuring efficiency is lower, is influenced by ground or platform levelness deviation and projection marking deviation, and the spatial installation angle precision of the base is directly influenced, so that the use performance of the equipment is influenced. .
Disclosure of Invention
In view of the above-mentioned shortcomings of the prior art, the present invention provides a method for measuring the installation angle of a hull foundation space, which is simple to operate and can improve the installation accuracy of the foundation angle.
The invention provides a method for measuring a space installation angle of a ship hull base, which comprises the following steps: 1) the center line of the ship body is used as a reference line for measuring by a measuring instrument, and the platform to be installed on the base is used as a reference surface for measuring by the measuring instrument; 2) selecting at least three non-collinear measuring points on the end surface of the base, and determining the mutual position relation of the at least three measuring points; 3) measuring data of vertical angles of connecting lines relative to the datum plane respectively, horizontal angles of the connecting lines relative to the reference line respectively, and slant distances between at least three measuring points and observation points respectively; wherein, the connecting line is the connecting line between the at least three measuring points and the observation point respectively; 4) and determining the installation angle between the end surface of the base and the central line and the installation angle between the end surface of the base and the reference surface through the mutual position relation among the at least three measuring points, the vertical angle, the horizontal angle and the slope distance.
Further, in step 3), three end points of any rectangle on the end surface of the base are selected as the measuring points.
Further, in the step 4), an installation angle θ 1 of the base end surface to the hull center line is calculated as arctg (Δ Y/Δx); Δ Y ═ L '. cos Δ 0 '). sin Δ 1' - (l.cosa). sin β,. Δ X ═ l.cosa '). cos β ' - (l.cosa). cos β; measuring installation angle of base end surface and reference surface
△X'＝(L*cosα)*cosβ-(L”*cosα”)*cosβ”，△Y'＝(L”*cosα”)*sinβ”-(L*cosα)*sinβ，H1＝L”*sinα”，H2＝L*sinα；
Wherein the at least three measurement points comprise a first measurement point, a second measurement point, and a third measurement point; the observation point forms a first connecting line, a second connecting line and a third connecting line with the first measuring point, the second measuring point and the third measuring point respectively.
α, α', α ″ are perpendicular angles between the first line, the second line, the third line and the reference plane, respectively;
β, β', β "are the horizontal angles of the first, second, third and reference lines, respectively;
l, L 'and L' are the slant distances between the first measuring point, the second measuring point, the third measuring point and the observation point respectively;
theta 1 is an installation angle between the end face of the base and the central line of the ship body, and theta 2 is an installation angle between the end face of the base and the reference surface.
Further, in step 3), four end points of any rectangle on the end surface of the base are selected as measuring points.
Further, the measuring instrument is a total station.
Furthermore, the measuring points are covered with a cross cursor.
Further, in the step 1), after the measuring instrument is erected, two reference points positioned at two sides of the measuring instrument are selected on the center line of the ship body, the two reference points are respectively measured, and the center line of the ship body is used as a reference line in the measuring process.
As described above, the method for measuring the installation angle of the hull base space according to the present invention has the following advantages:
in the invention, a central line of a ship body is taken as a measurement reference line by a measuring instrument, a platform to be installed on the end surface of a base is taken as a reference surface measured by the measuring instrument, at least three non-collinear measuring points on the end surface of the base are respectively selected, vertical angle, horizontal angle and slant range data corresponding to the three measuring points are respectively measured, and finally, the installation angle of the end surface of the base is calculated by a formula, namely the space installation angle of the ship body base is determined; the measurement accuracy is improved by effectively avoiding the accumulated deviation in the measurement process, meanwhile, the measurement data can be quickly generated by instrument measurement, the installation angle of the end face of the base is obtained through calculation, the space installation angle of the hull base is determined, the space installation angle efficiency of the base is improved, and the operation method is simple and convenient to use; the method is also suitable for the correction after the end face of the hull base is installed.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic view of the end surface of the base of the present invention with selected measurement points.
Fig. 2 is a schematic diagram of data of measurement point on the end face of the total station measurement base in the invention.
Fig. 3 is a schematic diagram of data of measurement point on the end surface of the total station measurement base in the invention.
Fig. 4 is a schematic diagram of relevant data of measurement points a and B on the end surface of the total station measurement base in the invention.
Fig. 5 is a schematic diagram of relevant data of measurement points a and C on the end surface of the total station measurement base in the invention.
Reference numerals:
100. a base end face; 200. a total station; 210. total station eyepiece.
Detailed Description
The following description of the embodiments of the present invention is provided for illustrative purposes, and other advantages and effects of the present invention will become apparent to those skilled in the art from the present disclosure.
It should be understood that the structures, ratios, sizes, and the like shown in the drawings and described in the specification are only used for matching with the disclosure of the specification, so as to be understood and read by those skilled in the art, and are not used to limit the conditions under which the present invention can be implemented, so that the present invention has no technical significance, and any structural modification, ratio relationship change, or size adjustment should still fall within the scope of the present invention without affecting the efficacy and the achievable purpose of the present invention. In addition, the terms such as "upper", "lower", "left", "right" and "middle" used in the present specification are for clarity of description, and are not intended to limit the scope of the present invention, and changes or modifications of the relative relationship may be made without substantial technical changes.
As shown in fig. 1 to 5, an embodiment of the present invention provides a method for measuring a mounting angle of a hull foundation space, including the following steps: 1) the center line of the ship body is taken as a reference line O' O measured by a measuring instrument, the platform to be installed on the base is taken as a datum plane measured by the measuring instrument, and in the embodiment, the end face of the main deck is taken as a datum plane; 2) selecting three non-collinear measuring points on the end surface of the base, namely a first measuring point A, a second measuring point B and a third measuring point C, and determining the mutual position relationship among the first measuring point A, the second measuring point B and the third measuring point C; 3) measuring data of vertical angles (i.e., corresponding to α, α ', α ") of the first, second, and third lines OA, OB, and OC, respectively, with respect to the reference plane, horizontal angles (i.e., corresponding to β, β ', β") of the reference line, and skew distances (i.e., corresponding to L, L ', L ") of the three measurement points (first, second, and third measurement points a, B, and C), respectively, and observation point O; wherein a first line OA, a second line OB and a third line OC are formed by connecting the observation point O with the first measurement point a, the second measurement point B and the third measurement point C, respectively; 4) and determining an installation angle theta 1 between the end surface of the base and the central line of the ship body and an installation angle theta 2 between the end surface of the base 100 and the reference surface through the mutual position relationship among the first measuring point A, the second measuring point B and the third measuring point C, the vertical angle, the horizontal angle and the slant distance, and further determining the space installation angle of the ship body base. Of course, it is also possible to plan a straight cutting line according to the hull centerline and then use the straight cutting line as a reference line, which is substantially the same as the hull centerline as the reference line, and actually still use the hull centerline as the reference line.
As shown in fig. 3, 4 and 5, for convenience of description and later calculation, an observation point O may be used as a starting point O, where OX is a parallel line in space of a reference line O' O ", XOY is a parallel plane in space of a reference plane, i.e., an observation horizontal plane, and OZ is perpendicular to the observation horizontal plane. The vertical angle is an included angle α, α 'and α ″ (i.e., < a' OA, < B 'OB, < C' OC, that is, the vertical angles corresponding to the first measurement point a, the second measurement point B, and the third measurement point C are α, α 'and α', respectively) between a collimation line OA, OB, and OC (i.e., a first connection line OA, a second connection line OB, and a third connection line OC are formed by the first measurement point a, the second measurement point B, and the third measurement point C) of the measurement point A, B, C observed from the observation point O and the observation horizontal plane XOY. The horizontal angle is from observation point O, and the projection A ', B' and C 'of first measurement point A, second measurement point B and third measurement point C on observation horizontal plane XOY and the included angle between OX, namely the angle of ≈ A' OX, < B 'OX and angle C' OX, namely the corresponding horizontal angle of first measurement point A, second measurement point B and third measurement point C is beta, beta 'and beta'. The skew distances L, L 'and L' are then the distances OA, OB, OC.
As shown in fig. 1, since the positional relationship among A, B, C is determined, that is, the lengths of line segments AB, AC, BC are known, the angles CAB, ACB, and CBA are known, the mounting angle θ 1 between the base end surface 100 and the hull center line and the mounting angle θ 2 between the base end surface and the reference surface, that is, the hull base space mounting angle can be determined.
In the present embodiment, for convenience of measurement and calculation, three end points on any rectangle on the end surface 100 of the base may be selected as the measurement points in step 3), such as any three points A, B, C and D in fig. 1. That is, two parallel base horizontal scribe lines AB and CD and two parallel base vertical scribe lines AC and BD are scribed on the base end surface 100, respectively, wherein the base horizontal scribe lines AB and CD and the base vertical scribe lines AC and BD intersect and are perpendicular. In order to facilitate the subsequent spatial installation angle measurement of the end surface of the base, a professional optical measurement cross cursor can be attached to the selected measurement point A, B, C.
As shown in fig. 4 and 5, it is easy to understand that the mounting angle of the base end surface 100 to the OX axis is θ 1 — arctg (Δ Y/Δx); Δ Y ═ Δ 0 ')/sin Δ 1' - (L × cos α) × sin β,/X ═ L '/cos α ')/cos β ' - (L × cos α) × cos β, that is, the installation angle of the hull centerline to the base end face 100 is θ 1. The mounting angle between the end surface 100 of the base and the observation horizontal plane XOY is
Δ X '═ cos α) × (L "× cos α 0") × cos β ", α 2Y' ═ cos α 1") × sin β "- (L × cos α) × sin β, H1 ═ L" × sin α ", H2 ═ L × sin α. That is, the mounting angle of the base end surface 100 to the reference surface is θ 2. Wherein H1 is C C ', H2 is AA ', alpha 3X is AG, alpha 4Y is B ' G, alpha 5X ' is HA ', and delta Y ' is HC '.
As shown in fig. 1, of course, in step 3), four end points A, B, C, D of the rectangle may also be selected as measurement points, and optionally, the measurement point A, B, C, the measurement point A, C, D, the measurement point B, C, D, and the like may be measured to obtain results, and the results are verified with each other to obtain an accurate measurement result.
The measuring instrument in the invention is a Total Station, namely a Total Station type Electronic distance measuring instrument (Electronic Total Station), is a high-technology measuring instrument integrating light collection, mechanical measurement and electrical measurement, is a surveying and mapping instrument system integrating horizontal angle, vertical angle, distance measurement and height difference measurement functions, and can be selected by a user according to actual conditions.
When the center line of the ship body is taken as a reference line and the end face of the main deck is taken as a datum plane, a straight cutting line parallel to the center line of the ship body can be made on the main deck by using related instruments, when the total station is erected, a laser point of the total station is initially aligned to the straight cutting line erecting instrument of the ship body, and the instrument is adjusted to be horizontal to the tolerance range. And then moving the total station in a small range to ensure that the laser of the instrument is accurately aligned with the center line of the ship body, finally adjusting the instrument level to be within a tolerance range (namely, the instrument level is parallel to the level and the reference surface), and simultaneously determining that the total station starts to measure after ensuring that the laser of the instrument is accurately aligned with the center line of the ship body without error. And after erecting the measuring instrument, as shown in fig. 2, two reference points O ' and O ' located at both sides of the measuring instrument are selected on the hull centerline, and are measured respectively, and the hull centerline is confirmed as a reference line O ' in the measuring process. It should be noted that the distance between the two reference points O' and O "may be approximately between 10mm and 20 mm.
Of course, during the erection of the total station, the erection position of the instrument is not far from the base but is as far as possible opposite to the base. The observation point O is the position of the total station measuring eyepiece, and the related sight line is the measuring laser.
In summary, according to the hull base space installation angle measuring method provided by the invention, the hull center line is taken as the reference line of the observation instrument through the high-precision total station, the corresponding vertical angles α, α ' and α ", the corresponding horizontal angles β, β ' and β" and the corresponding slant distances L, L ' and L "of the four intersection points A, B, C, D of the hull base horizontal scribed line and the base vertical scribed line are respectively measured, and finally the space installation angle of the base end surface is calculated through a formula. The high-precision total station is used in the measuring process, the measuring precision is effectively improved by avoiding the accumulated deviation in the process, meanwhile, the instrument measurement can quickly generate measuring data and wait for the spatial installation angle of the ship base through calculation, the spatial installation angle efficiency of the base is improved, and the operation method is simple and convenient to popularize and use.
The foregoing embodiments are merely illustrative of the principles and utilities of the present invention and are not intended to limit the invention. Any person skilled in the art can modify or change the above-mentioned embodiments without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention. Accordingly, it is intended that all equivalent modifications or changes which can be made by those skilled in the art without departing from the spirit and technical spirit of the present invention be covered by the claims of the present invention.
Claims (7)
1. A method for measuring a space installation angle of a ship hull base is characterized by comprising the following steps: 1) the center line of the ship body is used as a reference line (O' O) measured by a measuring instrument, and a platform to be installed on the end surface (100) of the base is used as a reference surface measured by the measuring instrument; 2) selecting at least three non-collinear measuring points (A, B, C) on the base end surface (100) and determining a mutual position relationship of the at least three measuring points; 3) measuring data of the vertical angle of the respective connecting line (OA, OB, OC) relative to the reference plane, the horizontal angle of the respective connecting line relative to the reference line, and the skew of the respective at least three measuring points (A, B, C) and the observation point (O); wherein the connecting lines (OA, OB, OC) are connecting lines between the at least three measuring points (A, B, C) and the observation point (O) respectively; 4) and determining the installation angle between the base end surface (100) and the central line of the ship body and the installation angle between the base end surface (100) and the reference surface through the mutual position relation of the at least three measuring points, the vertical angle, the horizontal angle and the slope distance.
2. The method for measuring the installation angle of the ship hull base space according to the claim 1, characterized in that in the step 3), three end points of any rectangle positioned on the base end surface (100) are selected as measuring points (A, B, C).
3. The ship hull base space installation angle measuring method according to claim 2, characterized in that in the step 4), an installation angle θ 1 of the base end face (100) and the ship hull center line is calculated as arctg (Δ Y/Δx); Δ Y ═ L '. cos Δ 0 '). sin Δ 1' - (l.cosa). sin β,. Δ X ═ l.cosa '). cos β ' - (l.cosa). cos β; the installation angle of the end surface (100) of the meter base and the reference surface
△X'＝(L*cosα)*cosβ-(L”*cosα”)*cosβ”，△Y'＝(L”*cosα”)*sinβ”-(L*cosα)*sinβ，H1＝L”*sinα”，H2＝L*sinα；
Wherein the at least three measurement points comprise a first measurement point (A), a second measurement point (B) and a third measurement point (C); the observation point (O) forms a first, a second and a third line (OA, OB, OC) with the first, the second and the third measuring point (a, B, C), respectively.
A, a', a "are perpendicular angles of the first line (OA), the second line (OB), the third line (OC) and the reference plane, respectively;
β, β', β "are the horizontal angles of the first (OA), second (OB), third (OC) and reference line, respectively;
l, L' are the slant distances between the first measuring point (A), the second measuring point (B), the third measuring point (C) and an observation point (O) respectively;
theta 1 is an installation angle between the base end face (100) and the center line of the ship body, and theta 2 is an installation angle between the base end face (100) and the reference plane.
4. The method for measuring the installation angle of the ship hull base space according to the claim 1, characterized in that in the step 3), four end points of any rectangle positioned on the base end surface (100) are selected as measuring points (A, B, C, D).
5. The method for measuring the installation angle of the hull foundation in space according to claim 1, characterized in that said measuring instrument is a total station (200).
6. The method for measuring the installation angle of the ship hull base space as claimed in claim 5, characterized in that the measuring points (A, B, C) are covered with a cross cursor.
7. The method for measuring the installation angle of the hull foundation according to claim 1, wherein in step 1), after the surveying instrument is erected, two reference points (O ', O ") located at both sides of the surveying instrument are selected on the hull center line, and the surveying procedure is confirmed with the hull center line as the reference line (O' O"), respectively.
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| CN113029087B (en) | 2022-10-25 |
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