CN110849273A - Non-contact space point location measuring method and device - Google Patents
Non-contact space point location measuring method and device Download PDFInfo
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- CN110849273A CN110849273A CN201911143111.7A CN201911143111A CN110849273A CN 110849273 A CN110849273 A CN 110849273A CN 201911143111 A CN201911143111 A CN 201911143111A CN 110849273 A CN110849273 A CN 110849273A
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01B—MEASURING LENGTH, THICKNESS OR SIMILAR LINEAR DIMENSIONS; MEASURING ANGLES; MEASURING AREAS; MEASURING IRREGULARITIES OF SURFACES OR CONTOURS
- G01B11/00—Measuring arrangements characterised by the use of optical techniques
- G01B11/02—Measuring arrangements characterised by the use of optical techniques for measuring length, width or thickness
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01B—MEASURING LENGTH, THICKNESS OR SIMILAR LINEAR DIMENSIONS; MEASURING ANGLES; MEASURING AREAS; MEASURING IRREGULARITIES OF SURFACES OR CONTOURS
- G01B11/00—Measuring arrangements characterised by the use of optical techniques
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01S—RADIO DIRECTION-FINDING; RADIO NAVIGATION; DETERMINING DISTANCE OR VELOCITY BY USE OF RADIO WAVES; LOCATING OR PRESENCE-DETECTING BY USE OF THE REFLECTION OR RERADIATION OF RADIO WAVES; ANALOGOUS ARRANGEMENTS USING OTHER WAVES
- G01S17/00—Systems using the reflection or reradiation of electromagnetic waves other than radio waves, e.g. lidar systems
- G01S17/02—Systems using the reflection of electromagnetic waves other than radio waves
- G01S17/06—Systems determining position data of a target
- G01S17/08—Systems determining position data of a target for measuring distance only
Abstract
The invention discloses a non-contact space point location measuring method and a non-contact space point location measuring device, which comprise the steps of determining a first target point A and a second target point B in a space, selecting an observation point O, and setting a reference plane M, measuring a linear distance L1 between the observation point O and the first target point A, and measuring a first vertical angle α between a direction line of the two points and the reference plane M, measuring a linear distance L2 between the observation point O and the second target point B, and measuring a second vertical angle β between the direction line of the two points and the reference plane M, measuring horizontal angles gamma of the two direction lines from the observation point O to the two target points respectively, and obtaining a distance L3 between the first target point A and the second target point B through a cosine theorem on the basis of the data.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of engineering construction, in particular to a non-contact space point location measuring method and device.
Background
The measurement is an important link of engineering construction, and the problem of difficult distance measurement under certain conditions often exists in the engineering construction, for example, the target needing to be measured is higher or the charged body is measured, and the measurement is inconvenient for the engineering distance measurement under the conditions. The measurement work is the foundation and key, is the premise that all construction projects begin production and construction, and is the primary process of engineering construction. The progress and quality of the project are directly influenced by the quality of the measurement work, and the construction period and the economic benefit of the project are directly influenced by the efficiency of the measurement work.
Along with the development of science and technology, the traditional measuring tool can not meet the requirements of modern engineering measuring environment, and the appearance of the laser range finder meets the requirements of accurate and convenient ranging. However, for a common laser distance measuring instrument, only the distance between an observation point (the observation point of a measurer) and a target point can be measured, that is, when the measurer measures the length or the distance of an object, the laser distance measuring instrument must be placed on one of the starting points of the object to be measured, and the laser is applied to the other end point of the object to be measured to read a length value. And for: 1) the object to be measured is at a high position, and the length of the object to be measured needs to be measured; 2) charging an object to be detected; 3) when the measuring station is difficult to select and the measuring space is limited, so that the measuring instrument is difficult to stand on an observation point, and the like, the difficulty, the time and the labor are brought to the measuring work, and the efficiency is seriously reduced; especially, the positioning and ranging of the building and maintenance of some extra-high voltage live equipment are more difficult. The traditional distance measurement method is not only complicated in engineering construction process and low in efficiency, but also is a problem which cannot be ignored for personnel safety. There is currently no instrument and method that can directly measure two points in space that are not in contact (measuring the distance between two target points rather than the point at which the meter is located and the target point).
Disclosure of Invention
This section is for the purpose of summarizing some aspects of embodiments of the invention and to briefly introduce some preferred embodiments. In this section, as well as in the abstract and the title of the invention of this application, simplifications or omissions may be made to avoid obscuring the purpose of the section, the abstract and the title, and such simplifications or omissions are not intended to limit the scope of the invention.
The present invention has been made in view of the problems occurring in the prior art.
Therefore, an object of the present invention is to provide a non-contact spatial point location measurement method, which can solve the problem that it is inconvenient to operate instruments in various measurement scenarios in an engineering construction site, and can measure the distance between any two target points in space.
In order to solve the technical problem, the invention provides a non-contact space point measurement method which comprises the following steps of determining two target points in a space, namely a first target point A and a second target point B, selecting an observation point O, setting a horizontal plane where the observation point O is located as a reference plane M, measuring a straight-line distance L1 between the observation point O and the two points of the first target point A, measuring a first vertical angle α between a direction line where the two points are located and the reference plane M, wherein pi/2 is less than α and is less than pi/2, measuring a straight-line distance L2 between the two points of the observation point O and the second target point B, measuring a second vertical angle β between the direction line where the two points are located and the reference plane M, wherein pi/2 is less than β and is less than pi/2, and calculating a straight-line distance gamma of the two target points projected on the horizontal plane from the observation point O to the two direction lines of the two target points respectively and the second target point B, wherein gamma is less than gamma and gamma/2 is less than gamma and six, the cosine data is obtained on the basis of the measured and the straight-line distance 3 of the first target point A and the second target point B are obtained.
As a preferable scheme of the non-contact spatial point location measurement method of the present invention, wherein: obtaining L3 through cosine theorem based on the measured data, specifically including steps S1-S5: s1: based on the observationObtaining a straight-line distance L1 between a point O and a first target point A and a first vertical angle α between a direction line of the two points and a reference plane M to obtain a vertical distance H1 between the first target point A and the reference plane M and a projection length S1 of the straight-line distance L1 between the observation point O and the first target point A on the reference plane M, S2 obtaining a vertical distance H2 between a second target point B and the reference plane M according to a straight-line distance L2 between the observation point O and a second target point B and a first vertical angle β between the direction line of the two points and the reference plane M, S3 obtaining a distance S3 of the projection points of the two target points on the reference plane M according to the cosine law, S4 obtaining a vertical height difference delta H between the first target point A and the second target point B and S5 calculating a straight-line distance between the two target points
As a preferable embodiment of the non-contact space point measurement method according to the present invention, a vertical distance from the first target point a to the reference plane M is H1 ═ L1 · sin α |, a projection length of a linear distance L1 between the observation point O and the first target point a on the reference plane M is S1 ═ L1 · cos α |, a vertical distance from the second target point B to the reference plane M is H2 ═ L2 · sin β |, a projection length of a linear distance L2 between the observation point O and the second target point B on the reference plane M is S2 ═ L2 · cos β |, and a vertical height difference Δ H between the first target point a and the second target point B is obtained from H1 and H2 as:
the formula (1) is simplified to obtain the formula (2) < DELTA H ═ L2. sin β -L1. sin α | (2)
As a preferable scheme of the non-contact spatial point location measurement method of the present invention, wherein: the distance between the projection points of the two target points on the reference plane M is as follows:
since the vertical height difference between the first target point a and the second target point B is:
ΔH＝|L2·sinβ-L1·sinα|；
then the combined type (2) and (3) obtain:
another object of the present invention is to provide a non-contact spatial point location measurement device, which is based on the non-contact spatial point location measurement method and can measure the distance between any two target points in space by the non-contact spatial point location measurement method.
In order to solve the technical problems, the invention provides the following technical scheme: a non-contact spatial point location measuring device, comprising: the distance measurement unit is used for measuring the linear distance between the observation point and the target point; the vertical rotating unit is used for controlling the distance measuring unit to rotate on a vertical plane; a vertical angle measuring unit for measuring a vertical angle at which the distance measuring unit rotates; the horizontal rotating unit is used for controlling the distance measuring unit to rotate on a horizontal plane; and the horizontal angle measuring unit is used for measuring the rotating horizontal angle of the distance measuring unit.
As a preferable scheme of the non-contact spatial point location measuring device of the present invention, wherein: the distance measuring unit comprises a distance measuring assembly and a targeting assembly which are connected with each other, aims at and locks a target point at an observation point through the targeting assembly, and measures the linear distance between the observation point and the target point through the distance measuring assembly.
As a preferable scheme of the non-contact spatial point location measuring device of the present invention, wherein: the vertical rotating unit comprises a rotating rod, one end of which is fixed with the distance measuring unit; the rotary rod is connected to the horizontal rotating unit in a rotating mode and can drive the distance measuring unit to rotate vertically on the horizontal rotating unit.
As a preferable scheme of the non-contact spatial point location measuring device of the present invention, wherein: the horizontal rotating unit comprises a second supporting seat and a first supporting seat which is rotatably connected to the upper part of the second supporting seat; the rotating rod is rotatably connected to the first supporting seat and can drive the distance measuring unit to vertically rotate on the first supporting seat; the first supporting seat can drive the vertical rotating unit and the distance measuring unit to integrally rotate horizontally on the second supporting seat.
As a preferable scheme of the non-contact spatial point location measuring device of the present invention, wherein: the vertical angle measuring unit is a first encoder and comprises a first rotating shaft extending outwards; the first encoder is fixed on the first supporting seat, a first rotating shaft of the first encoder is inserted and fixed on the rotating rod, the rotating rod is provided with a first shaft hole matched with the first rotating shaft, and the shaft center of the first rotating shaft is superposed with the rotating shaft center of the distance measuring unit; the horizontal angle measuring unit is a second encoder and comprises a second rotating shaft extending outwards; the second encoder is fixed at the bottom of the first supporting seat, a second rotating shaft of the second encoder is downwards inserted and fixed on the second supporting seat, a second shaft hole matched with the second rotating shaft is formed in the second supporting seat, and the axis of the second rotating shaft is coincided with the rotating axis of the first supporting seat.
As a preferable scheme of the non-contact spatial point location measuring device of the present invention, wherein: the device also comprises a support unit which is arranged at the bottom of the non-contact space point position measuring device and is used for supporting the upper structure.
The invention has the beneficial effects that: the invention can measure the distance between any two target points in space on the premise of not contacting an object to be measured and not being close to any target point, can measure the size and the distance of the object at a far distance or at a high position by only arbitrarily selecting the measuring point, gets rid of condition constraints of station selection and high-altitude and far-distance measuring work, reduces the influence of environmental factors on the measuring work, improves the measuring efficiency, relieves the burden of the measuring task of engineering, and simultaneously improves the economic benefit of the engineering.
Drawings
In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention, the drawings needed to be used in the description of the embodiments will be briefly introduced below, and it is obvious that the drawings in the following description are only some embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious for those skilled in the art to obtain other drawings based on these drawings without inventive exercise. Wherein:
fig. 1 is a schematic view of measurement when two target points are located on the same side of a reference plane.
Fig. 2 is a schematic view of the measurement when two target points are located on different sides of the datum plane.
Fig. 3 is a schematic view of a scene when the measuring instrument measures.
Fig. 4 is an overall configuration diagram of the noncontact spatial point location measuring device.
Fig. 5 is a structural view of the connection of the distance measuring unit and the vertical rotating unit.
Fig. 6 is a top view of the non-contact spatial point location measuring device and a partial detailed view thereof.
Fig. 7 is a cross-sectional view taken along the line a in fig. 6.
Fig. 8 is a cross-sectional view taken along line B in fig. 6.
Detailed Description
In order to make the aforementioned objects, features and advantages of the present invention comprehensible, embodiments accompanied with figures are described in detail below.
In the following description, numerous specific details are set forth in order to provide a thorough understanding of the present invention, but the present invention may be practiced in other ways than those specifically described and will be readily apparent to those of ordinary skill in the art without departing from the spirit of the present invention, and therefore the present invention is not limited to the specific embodiments disclosed below.
Furthermore, reference herein to "one embodiment" or "an embodiment" means that a particular feature, structure, or characteristic described in connection with the embodiment is included in at least one implementation of the invention. The appearances of the phrase "in one embodiment" in various places in the specification are not necessarily all referring to the same embodiment, nor are separate or alternative embodiments mutually exclusive of other embodiments.
Referring to fig. 1 to 3, a first embodiment of the present invention provides a non-contact space point location measurement method, which enables a surveyor to arbitrarily select a survey station on a construction site, so as to measure the length and distance between any two points in space.
The non-contact space point location measuring method comprises the following steps:
the method comprises the following steps: determining two target points in a space, namely a first target point A and a second target point B;
step two: selecting an observation point O, and setting a horizontal plane where the observation point O is located as a reference plane M;
measuring a linear distance L1 between the observation point O and the two points of the first target point A, and measuring a first vertical angle α between a direction line of the two points and the reference plane M, wherein-pi/2 is less than α and less than pi/2;
measuring a linear distance L2 between the observation point O and the second target point B, and measuring a second vertical angle β between a direction line of the two points and the reference plane M, wherein-pi/2 is less than β and less than pi/2;
step five: measuring a horizontal angle gamma projected on a horizontal plane by two direction lines from the observation point O to the two target points respectively, wherein gamma is more than 0 and less than or equal to pi/2;
step six: based on the measured data, a linear distance L3 between the first target point a and the second target point B is obtained by the cosine law.
Specifically, as shown in the scenario of fig. 3:
and erecting a measuring instrument at any point near the object or space to be measured, wherein the erecting point of the measuring instrument is a measuring station, and the observation point O of a measurer is positioned right above the measuring station due to the existence of the height of the measuring instrument. And respectively setting the starting point and the end point of the length to be measured of the object to be measured as a first target point A and a second target point B, and setting the horizontal plane where the observation point O is located as a reference plane M.
Based on the station and the reference plane M, the measurer first measures the straight-line distance L1 between the observation point O and the first target point a, and measures the vertical angle of the direction line of the two points (i.e. the first vertical angle α between the direction line of the observation point O and the first target point a and the reference plane M), the vertical angle has a positive and negative score, when the observer is looking up (i.e. the first target point a is above the reference plane M), 0 < α < pi/2, when the observer is looking down (i.e. the first target point a is below the reference plane M), pi/2 < α < 0, when the observer is looking flat (i.e. the first target point a is above the reference plane M), α equals 0, and α has a value range of-pi/2 < α < pi/2.
According to the same method as the previous step, the orientation of the measuring instrument is converted to the second target point B, the linear distance L2 between the observation point O and the second target point B is measured, and the vertical angle of the direction line of the two points (namely the second vertical angle β between the direction line of the observation point O and the second target point B and the reference plane M) is measured, wherein the β has the value range of-pi/2 < β < pi/2.
Then measuring a horizontal angle (namely a horizontal angle gamma projected on a horizontal plane by two direction lines from the observation point O to the two target points respectively) bypassed when the direction is converted from the first target point A to the second target point B, wherein when the three points of the first target point A, the second target point B and the observation point O are not on the same straight line, gamma is more than 0 and less than pi/2; when the first target point A, the second target point B and the observation point O are in a line, gamma is pi/2; in summary, the value range of γ is: gamma is more than 0 and less than or equal to pi/2.
Finally, based on the measured L1, L2, α, β and gamma, and by combining the cosine theorem and the theorem of the geometric relationship of spatial positions, the linear distance L3 between the first target point A and the second target point B can be obtained.
The process of solving and calculating L3 based on L1, L2, α, β and gamma comprises the following steps:
s1, obtaining a vertical distance H1 from the first target point A to the reference plane M and a projection length S1 of the linear distance L1 between the observation point O and the first target point A on the reference plane M according to the linear distance L1 between the observation point O and the two points of the first target point A and a first vertical angle α between a direction line of the two points and the reference plane M;
s2, obtaining a vertical distance H2 from the second target point B to the reference plane M and a projection length S2 of the linear distance L2 between the observation point O and the second target point B on the reference plane M according to the linear distance L2 between the observation point O and the two points of the second target point B and a first vertical angle β between a direction line of the two points and the reference plane M;
s3: obtaining the distance S3 between the projection points of the two target points on the reference plane M according to the cosine law;
s4: the vertical height difference between the first target point a and the second target point B is Δ H;
s5: calculating to obtain the linear distance between two target points
Further, H1, S1, H2, S2 and Δ H among the above are calculated as follows:
as can be seen from the formula of the trigonometric function, the vertical distance from the first target point a to the reference plane M is H1 ═ L1 · sin α |, and the horizontal projection length of the straight-line distance L1 between the observation point O and the first target point a on the reference plane M is S1 ═ L1 · cos α.
Similarly, the vertical distance from the second target point B to the reference plane M is H2 ═ L2 · sin β |, and the horizontal projection length of the straight-line distance L2 between the observation point O and the second target point B on the reference plane M is S2 ═ L2 · cos β.
For different cases where the two target points are located above and below the reference plane M, respectively, the following two cases can be obtained as the vertical height difference Δ H between the first target point a and the second target point B from H1 and H2:
αβ > 0 represents the case when the first and second target points A and B are on the same side of the datum plane M (i.e., α > 0, β > 0 or α < 0, β < 0), αβ < 0 represents the case when the first and second target points A and B are on different sides of the datum plane M (i.e., α > 0, β < 0 or α < 0, β > 0), so the simplification of equation (1) above leads directly to equation (2):
ΔH＝|L2·sinβ-L1·sinα| (2)
further, the distance between the projected points of the two target points on the reference plane M is obtained according to S1, S2 and the horizontal angle γ:
since the vertical height difference between the first target point a and the second target point B is:
ΔH＝|L2·sinβ-L1·sinα|；
then the straight-line distance between two target points in the space obtained by the joint type (2) and (3) is:
therefore, the invention can measure the distance between any two target points in space on the premise of randomly selecting the measuring station, and is hardly influenced by measuring environmental factors. The surveyor can measure data through a randomly selected survey station, and then directly obtain required data through field calculation or by implanting the calculation logic into a circuit of the surveying instrument.
The invention also provides a non-contact space point location measuring device which can be applied to the non-contact space point location measuring method to measure the distance between any two target points in space. That is, the "measuring instrument" in the non-contact spatial point location measuring method may adopt the non-contact spatial point location measuring apparatus of the present invention.
As shown in fig. 4 to 8, the non-contact spatial point location measuring device includes a distance measuring unit 100, a vertical rotation unit 200, a vertical angle measuring unit 300, a horizontal rotation unit 400, and a horizontal angle measuring unit 500.
The ranging unit 100 is configured to measure a linear distance between an observation point and a target point; the vertical rotation unit 200 is used for controlling the ranging unit 100 to rotate on a vertical plane; the vertical angle measuring unit 300 is used to measure the vertical angle at which the ranging unit 100 rotates; the horizontal rotation unit 400 is used for controlling the ranging unit 100 to rotate on a horizontal plane; the horizontal angle measuring unit 500 is used to measure a horizontal angle at which the distance measuring unit 100 rotates.
Further, the ranging unit 100 includes a ranging assembly 101 and a targeting assembly 102, and the ranging unit 100 targets a locking target point at an observation point through the targeting assembly 102, and measures a linear distance between the observation point and the target point through the ranging assembly 101. Preferably, the distance measuring component 101 adopts a laser distance measuring instrument; the sighting assembly 102 is a sight and/or telescope affixed to the ranging assembly 101 and is used to find and lock in a remote target. Further preferably, the distance measuring unit 100 is an integrated laser distance measuring instrument with a telescope, which can precisely lock the target and measure the linear distance between the observation point and the target point.
Further, the vertical rotating unit 200 includes a rotating rod 201 having one end fixed to the distance measuring unit 100, and the rotating rod 201 may have a straight rod structure. The rotating rod 201 can be rotatably connected to the horizontal rotating unit 400 through the middle of the rotating rod 201, one end of the rotating rod 201 is fixed to the ranging unit 100 (the laser emitting objective lens and the laser receiving objective lens of the laser range finder face outward and the eyepiece faces inward), the other end of the rotating rod is located on the other side of the horizontal rotating unit 400 and forms an extending operating end, and the operating end can drive the ranging unit 100 to vertically rotate on the horizontal rotating unit 400 together through fluctuation.
The vertical rotating unit 200 further comprises an arc-shaped rack 202 fixed on the horizontal rotating unit 400 and passing through the operating end of the rotating rod 201, a first accommodating opening 201b matched with the arc-shaped rack 202 is arranged on the operating end of the rotating rod 201, and the arc-shaped rack 202 can move relatively in the first accommodating opening 201 b. The arc-shaped rack 202 is positioned in a vertical plane, and the track of the arc-shaped rack is an arc-shaped track; convex teeth 202a are arranged on the outer edge surface of the arc-shaped rack 202 along the track direction thereof. The vertical rotating unit 200 further includes a first driving assembly 203 disposed on the operating end of the rotating rod 201 and linked with the arc-shaped rack 202, and the first driving assembly 203 is configured to transmit with the arc-shaped rack 202 and control the vertical rotation of the rotating rod 201. Preferably, the first driving assembly 203 includes a first connecting shaft 203a inserted into one of the sidewalls of the first receiving opening 201b, a first gear 203b fixed to an inner end of the first connecting shaft 203a, and a vertical adjusting knob 203c fixed to an outer end of the first connecting shaft 203 a. The first gear 203b is located in the first accommodating opening 201b and is in meshing transmission with the convex teeth 202a on the surface of the outer edge of the arc-shaped rack 202, and the rotating rod 201 can drive the distance measuring unit 100 to vertically rotate together by rotating the vertical adjusting knob 203c, so that accurate adjustment of vertical steering is realized.
The vertical rotation unit 200 further includes a first locking member 204 for temporarily positioning the rotation rod 201. The first locking member 204 is rotatably connected to one sidewall of the first receiving opening 201b, and includes a first screw 204a and a vertical locking knob 204b fixed to an outer end of the first screw 204 a. An arc-shaped groove 202b corresponding to the track direction of the arc-shaped rack 202 is formed in one side face of the arc-shaped rack 202 corresponding to the first locking component 204, a first screw hole is formed in one side wall of the first accommodating port 201b corresponding to the first locking component 204, the first screw 204a is matched with the first screw hole, the arc-shaped groove 202b can be extruded by the inner end of the first screw 204a by rotating the external vertical locking knob 204b, and the rotating rod 201 is locked.
Further, the horizontal rotation unit 400 includes a second support base 402 and a first support base 401 rotatably connected to an upper portion of the second support base 402, and the first support base 401 can rotate horizontally on the upper portion of the second support base 402. The rotating rod 201 is rotatably connected to the first supporting seat 401 and can drive the distance measuring unit 100 to vertically rotate on the first supporting seat 401; preferably, the first supporting seat 401 is provided with a second receiving opening 401a penetrating in a front-back direction, and the rotating rod 201 passes through the second receiving opening 401a and is rotatably connected to an inner side wall of the second receiving opening 401a through a horizontal rotating shaft 201c on one side surface thereof. In addition, the upper and lower ends of the arc-shaped rack 202 are fixed to the rear side of the first supporting seat 401, preferably to the upper and lower edges of the second receiving hole 401a, respectively. Therefore, the first supporting base 401 can drive the vertical rotation unit 200 and the distance measuring unit 100 to rotate horizontally on the second supporting base 402.
The lower end of the first supporting seat 401 is a cylindrical plug connector, and the outer edge of the plug connector is provided with a circle of annular placing plate 401 b; an accommodating cavity 402b matched with the outer diameter of the plug connector is concavely arranged at the upper end of the second support seat 402, the plug connector is downwards inserted into the accommodating cavity 402b, and the annular resting plate 401b is placed at the top of the accommodating cavity 402 b. Preferably, a rotating member 403 is disposed between the annular resting plate 401b and the top of the accommodating cavity 402b, so as to facilitate the relative horizontal rotation therebetween. The rotating member 403 is preferably a steel ball or thrust bearing.
The horizontal rotation unit 400 further comprises a restraining top cover 404 covering the top of the second support base 402, the restraining top cover 404 comprises a cylinder wall 404a in threaded connection with the outer side wall of the top of the second support base 402 and a ring of annular braking plate 404b arranged inside the top of the cylinder wall 404a, the annular braking plate 404b has a through opening at the center for allowing the first support base 401 to pass through, and the annular resting plate 401b is located right below the annular braking plate 404 b. When the instrument is not needed, in order to avoid the careless instability and rotation of the first supporting seat 401, the restraining top cover 404 can be rotated, so that the lower surface of the annular braking plate 404b tightly presses the upper surface of the annular placing plate 401b, the first supporting seat 401 is guaranteed to be incapable of rotating and maintaining stably, and the restraining top cover 404 is arranged to enable the horizontal rotating unit 400 to be detachable, and maintenance and assembly are facilitated.
The horizontal rotation unit 400 further includes a second driving assembly 405 for driving and adjusting the horizontal rotation of the first support base 401 with respect to the second support base 402. The second driving assembly 405 includes a second connecting shaft 405a penetrating through a sidewall of the receiving cavity 402b, a second gear 405b fixed to an inner end of the second connecting shaft 405a, and a horizontal adjustment knob 405c fixed to an outer end of the second connecting shaft 405 a. The second gear 405b is located inside the accommodating cavity 402b, a ring of gear rings 401c matched with the second gear 405b is arranged at the bottom of the plug connector of the first supporting seat 401, the second gear 405b is meshed with the gear rings 401c, and the first supporting seat 401 can be driven to rotate horizontally by rotating a horizontal adjusting knob 405c located outside the accommodating cavity 402b, so that accurate adjustment of horizontal steering is achieved.
The horizontal rotation unit 400 further includes a second locking assembly 406 for temporarily positioning the first support base 401. A second locking assembly 406 is pivotally attached to the annular brake plate 404b and includes a second threaded rod 406a and a horizontal locking knob 406b secured to the outer end of the second threaded rod 406 a. The annular braking plate 404b is provided with a second screw hole corresponding to the second screw 406a, the second screw 406a is matched with the second screw hole, and the lower end head of the second screw 406a can be tightly pressed on the upper surface of the annular resting plate 401b by rotating the external horizontal locking knob 406b, so that the horizontal rotation of the first supporting seat 401 is locked.
Further, the vertical angle measuring unit 300 is a first encoder 301 (solid shaft encoder) including a first rotating shaft 302 that is extended outwardly. The first encoder 301 is fixed on the inner side surface of the second receiving opening 401a of the first supporting seat 401, and the first rotating shaft 302 thereof is inserted and fixed on the rotating rod 201, and the rotating rod 201 is provided with a first shaft hole 201a matched with the first rotating shaft 302. The axis of the first rotating shaft 302 coincides with the rotating axis of the distance measuring unit 100 and the axis of the horizontal rotating shaft 201c, so that when the rotating rod 201 drives the first rotating shaft 302 to vertically rotate together, the angle value of the vertical angle can be directly generated through the first encoder 301.
Likewise, the horizontal angle measuring unit 500 is a second encoder 501 (solid shaft encoder) including a second rotating shaft 502 that is extended outward with the second rotating shaft 502 facing downward. The second encoder 501 is fixed on the bottom of the first support base 401, and the second rotation shaft 502 thereof is inserted and fixed on the second support base 402, and the second support base 402 has a second shaft hole 402a fitted with the second rotation shaft 502. The axis of the second rotating shaft 502 coincides with the rotating axis of the first supporting seat 401, so that when the first supporting seat 401 drives the second encoder 501 to rotate horizontally together, and the second rotating shaft 502 rotates relatively, the angle value of the horizontal angle can be directly generated by the second encoder 501. It should be noted that: in the invention, the axle center of the first rotating shaft 302 and the axle center of the second rotating shaft 502 are mutually and vertically intersected; and the first encoder 301 and the second encoder 501 are both externally connected with an existing data acquisition circuit, and convert the measured angle value into readable data.
Further, the non-contact space point location measuring device further includes a support unit 600, which is disposed at the bottom of the non-contact space point location measuring device and is used for supporting the upper structure. The stand unit 600 may directly employ a tripod in the related art, and may adjust the horizontal state of the upper body structure and the overall height. The bottom of the second support base 402 may be directly integrated with the rack unit 600.
Based on the above, the measuring method for obtaining the distance between any two target points in space by using the non-contact spatial point location measuring device of the present invention to perform actual measurement includes the following steps:
step 1: after the first target point A and the second target point B are determined, a measuring station is selected at any point nearby, a measuring device is erected, the distance measuring unit 100 is kept horizontal after the leveling is carried out through the support unit 600, and the initial state is set, and the intersection point of the axis of the first rotating shaft 302 and the axis of the second rotating shaft 502 is a theoretical observation point O;
step 2, finding a first target point A through the rotating rod 201 and the rotating stroke of the first supporting seat 401 by means of a telescope on the distance measuring component 101, keeping the state of the rotating rod 201 and the first supporting seat 401 fixed as a first state by rotating the first locking component 204 and the second locking component 406, directly measuring a linear distance L1 between the observation point O and the first target point A through the distance measuring component 101, and obtaining a first vertical angle α rotated by the first state relative to the initial state through the first encoder 301;
step 3, unlocking the first locking component 204 and the second locking component 406, finding the first target point B again through the rotating rod 201 and the rotating stroke of the first supporting seat 401 by means of the telescope on the distance measuring component 101, keeping the state of the rotating rod 201 and the first supporting seat 401 fixed by rotating the first locking component 204 and the second locking component 406 again as a second state, directly measuring the linear distance L2 between the observation point O and the first target point B through the distance measuring component 101, obtaining a second vertical angle β rotated by the second state relative to the initial state through the first encoder 301, and finally obtaining a horizontal angle gamma rotated by the second state relative to the first state through the second encoder 501;
and 4, step 4: closing the instrument, recovering the horizontal state of the ranging unit 100, rotating the constraint top cover 404 to lock the instrument, and accommodating the bracket unit 600;
and 5: on the basis of the non-contact space point location measuring method, the interior calculation is carried out to obtain the linear distance L3 between the first target point A and the second target point B.
In conclusion, the invention can measure the distance between any two target points in space on the premise of not contacting an object to be measured and not being close to any target point, can measure the size and the distance of the object at a far distance or a high position by only arbitrarily selecting a measuring point, gets rid of the condition constraints of station selection and high-altitude and far-distance measuring work, reduces the influence of environmental factors on the measuring work, improves the measuring efficiency, reduces the burden of the measuring task of the engineering, and simultaneously improves the economic benefit of the engineering.
It is important to note that the construction and arrangement of the present application as shown in the various exemplary embodiments is illustrative only. Although only a few embodiments have been described in detail in this disclosure, those skilled in the art who review this disclosure will readily appreciate that many modifications are possible (e.g., variations in sizes, dimensions, structures, shapes and proportions of the various elements, values of parameters (e.g., temperatures, pressures, etc.), mounting arrangements, use of materials, colors, orientations, etc.) without materially departing from the novel teachings and advantages of the subject matter recited in this application. For example, elements shown as integrally formed may be constructed of multiple parts or elements, the position of elements may be reversed or otherwise varied, and the nature or number of discrete elements or positions may be altered or varied. Accordingly, all such modifications are intended to be included within the scope of this invention. The order or sequence of any process or method steps may be varied or re-sequenced according to alternative embodiments. In the claims, any means-plus-function clause is intended to cover the structures described herein as performing the recited function and not only structural equivalents but also equivalent structures. Other substitutions, modifications, changes and omissions may be made in the design, operating conditions and arrangement of the exemplary embodiments without departing from the scope of the present inventions. Therefore, the present invention is not limited to a particular embodiment, but extends to various modifications that nevertheless fall within the scope of the appended claims.
Moreover, in an effort to provide a concise description of the exemplary embodiments, all features of an actual implementation may not be described (i.e., those unrelated to the presently contemplated best mode of carrying out the invention, or those unrelated to enabling the invention).
It should be appreciated that in the development of any such actual implementation, as in any engineering or design project, numerous implementation-specific decisions may be made. Such a development effort might be complex and time consuming, but would nevertheless be a routine undertaking of design, fabrication, and manufacture for those of ordinary skill having the benefit of this disclosure, without undue experimentation.
It should be noted that the above-mentioned embodiments are only for illustrating the technical solutions of the present invention and not for limiting, and although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the preferred embodiments, it should be understood by those skilled in the art that modifications or equivalent substitutions may be made on the technical solutions of the present invention without departing from the spirit and scope of the technical solutions of the present invention, which should be covered by the claims of the present invention.
Claims (10)
1. A non-contact space point location measurement method is characterized by comprising the following steps: comprises the steps of (a) preparing a mixture of a plurality of raw materials,
determining two target points in the space, namely a first target point (A) and a second target point (B);
selecting an observation point (O), and setting a horizontal plane where the observation point (O) is located as a reference plane (M);
measuring a straight-line distance L1 between the observation point (O) and the first target point (A), and measuring a first vertical angle α between a direction line of the two points and the reference plane (M), wherein-pi/2 is less than α and less than pi/2;
measuring a straight-line distance L2 between the observation point (O) and the second target point (B), and measuring a second vertical angle β between a direction line of the two points and the reference plane (M), wherein-pi/2 is less than β and less than pi/2;
measuring a horizontal angle gamma projected on a horizontal plane by two direction lines from the observation point (O) to the two target points respectively, wherein gamma is more than 0 and less than or equal to pi/2;
and calculating a linear distance L3 between the first target point (A) and the second target point (B) by a cosine law based on the measured data.
2. The non-contact spatial point location measurement method according to claim 1, characterized in that: obtaining L3 by the cosine theorem based on the measured data items, specifically including:
according to a straight-line distance L1 between the observation point (O) and the two points of the first target point (A) and a first vertical angle α between a direction line of the two points and the reference plane (M), obtaining a vertical distance H1 from the first target point (A) to the reference plane (M), and obtaining a projection length S1 of the straight-line distance L1 between the observation point (O) and the first target point (A) on the reference plane (M);
according to a straight-line distance L2 between the observation point (O) and the second target point (B) and a first vertical angle β between a direction line of the two points and the reference plane (M), obtaining a vertical distance H2 from the second target point (B) to the reference plane (M), and obtaining a projection length S2 of the straight-line distance L1 between the observation point (O) and the second target point (B) on the reference plane (M);
obtaining the distance S3 between the projection points of the two target points on the reference surface (M) according to the cosine law;
the vertical height difference between the first target point (a) and the second target point (B) is Δ H;
calculating to obtain the linear distance between two target points
3. The method for measuring the non-contact space point location according to claim 2, wherein the vertical distance from the first target point (A) to the reference plane (M) is H1 ═ L1. sin α |, and the projection length of the straight-line distance L1 between the observation point (O) and the first target point (A) on the reference plane (M) is S1 ═ L1. cos α;
the vertical distance from the second target point (B) to the reference plane (M) is H2 ═ L2 · sin β |, and the projection length of the straight-line distance L2 between the observation point (O) and the second target point (B) on the reference plane (M) is S2 ═ L2 · cos β;
the vertical height difference Δ H between the first target point (A) and the second target point (B) from H1 and H2 is:
the above formula (1) is simplified:
ΔH＝|L2·sinβ-L1·sinα|。 (2)
4. the non-contact spatial point location measurement method according to claim 3, characterized in that: the distance between the projection points of the two target points on the reference plane (M) is as follows:
since the vertical height difference between the first target point (a) and the second target point (B) is:
ΔH＝|L2·sinβ-L1·sinα|；
then the combined type (2) and (3) obtain:
5. a non-contact space point location measuring device is characterized in that: comprises the steps of (a) preparing a mixture of a plurality of raw materials,
a distance measurement unit (100) for measuring a linear distance between the observation point and the target point;
a vertical rotation unit (200) for controlling the ranging unit (100) to rotate on a vertical plane;
a vertical angle measuring unit (300) for measuring a vertical angle at which the distance measuring unit (100) rotates;
a horizontal rotation unit (400) for controlling the distance measuring unit (100) to rotate on a horizontal plane;
a horizontal angle measuring unit (500) for measuring a horizontal angle at which the distance measuring unit (100) rotates.
6. The non-contact spatial point location measuring device according to claim 5, characterized in that: the distance measuring unit (100) comprises a distance measuring component (101) and a targeting component (102), the distance measuring unit (100) targets and locks a target point at an observation point through the targeting component (102), and a straight-line distance between the observation point and the target point is measured through the distance measuring component (101).
7. The non-contact spatial point location measuring device according to claim 5 or 6, characterized in that: the vertical rotating unit (200) comprises a rotating rod (201) with one end fixed with the distance measuring unit (100);
the rotating rod (201) is rotatably connected to the horizontal rotating unit (400) and can drive the distance measuring unit (100) to vertically rotate on the horizontal rotating unit (400).
8. The non-contact spatial point location measuring device according to claim 7, characterized in that: the horizontal rotating unit (400) comprises a second supporting seat (402) and a first supporting seat (401) which is rotatably connected to the upper part of the second supporting seat (402);
the rotating rod (201) is rotatably connected to the first supporting seat (401) and can drive the distance measuring unit (100) to vertically rotate on the first supporting seat (401); the first supporting seat (401) can drive the vertical rotating unit (200) and the distance measuring unit (100) to integrally rotate on the second supporting seat (402) horizontally.
9. The non-contact spatial point location measuring device according to claim 7, characterized in that: the vertical angle measuring unit (300) is a first encoder (301) comprising a first rotating shaft (302) extending outwards; the first encoder (301) is fixed on the first supporting seat (401), a first rotating shaft (302) of the first encoder is inserted and fixed on the rotating rod (201), the rotating rod (201) is provided with a first shaft hole (201a) matched with the first rotating shaft (302), and the shaft center of the first rotating shaft (302) is superposed with the rotating shaft center of the distance measuring unit (100);
the horizontal angle measuring unit (500) is a second encoder (501) which comprises a second rotating shaft (502) extending outwards; the second encoder (501) is fixed at the bottom of the first support seat (401), a second rotating shaft (502) of the second encoder is downwards inserted and fixed on the second support seat (402), a second shaft hole (402a) matched with the second rotating shaft (502) is formed in the second support seat (402), and the axis of the second rotating shaft (502) is overlapped with the rotating axis of the first support seat (401).
10. The noncontact spatial point location measuring device of any one of claims 5, 6, 8 or 9, wherein: the device also comprises a support unit (600) which is arranged at the bottom of the non-contact space point location measuring device and is used for supporting the upper structure.
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