CN116693457A - 一种c19二萜生物碱及其制备方法和用途 - Google Patents
一种c19二萜生物碱及其制备方法和用途 Download PDFInfo
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- CN116693457A CN116693457A CN202210181794.0A CN202210181794A CN116693457A CN 116693457 A CN116693457 A CN 116693457A CN 202210181794 A CN202210181794 A CN 202210181794A CN 116693457 A CN116693457 A CN 116693457A
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Abstract
本发明公开了一种C19二萜生物碱及其制备方法和用途,属于医药技术领域。该C19二萜生物碱的结构如式I所示。药效实验表明,本发明化合物均具有强心作用。特别地,与阳性对照中乌宁碱相比,本发明化合物1、2、4、7和10的强心作用明显提高。本发明化合物可以用来制备强心药,以及预防和/或治疗心衰的药物。本发明化合物可以从乌头属植物中提取分离得到,药物来源广泛,具有广阔的临床应用前景及市场前景。
Description
技术领域:
本发明涉及医药技术领域,具体涉及一种C19二萜生物碱及其制备方法和用途。
背景技术:
心力衰竭是各种心血管疾病发展到严重阶段的临床综合征。传统观点认为,心力衰竭主要是由于心肌收缩力异常导致心脏搏出量减少不能满足机体的需要,从而产生的一系列症状和体征。强心药是治疗心力衰竭最重要的药物之一。强心药分为洋地黄类和非洋地黄类药物两类。在心力衰竭治疗中最常用的药物是洋地黄,目前约有200年历史。洋地黄能选择性的抑制心肌细胞膜Na+-K+-ATP酶的活性,通过双相性Na+-Ca2+交换机制使Ca2+内流增多,从而增加细胞浆内Ca2+浓度,发挥正性肌力作用。但是,洋地黄可能会带来多种不良反应,包括心律失常(如室性早搏,传导阻滞)、胃肠道症状(如恶心、呕吐)及神经系统障碍(如头晕,黄、绿视)等。非洋地黄类药物主要多巴胺、多巴酚丁胺,氨力农、米力农,左西孟旦等。非洋地黄类药物在增加心肌收缩力的同时可加快患者心率,增加心肌耗氧量从而加重心肌缺血,随着心肌缺血的加重,心肌收缩力也将降低,从而形成对非洋地黄类药物的依赖,形成恶性循环。
毛茛科(Ranunculaceae)乌头属(Aconitum)植物是一类有着悠久药用历史的重要植物,资源丰富,全球约有350种,分布于北半球温带,主要分布于亚洲,其次为欧洲和北美洲。在我国,乌头属植物约有200种,其中76 种可供药用,主要分布在西南横断山区,如云南北部、四川西部、西藏东部的高山地带。乌头属植物药用价值被广泛记载,如2020版《中国药典》中收载的川乌、草乌以及附子,其中川乌和草乌具有祛风除湿和温经止痛的功效,附子具有回阳救逆、补火助阳和散寒止痛的功效。以附子为主药的传统中医药复方附子理中丸和四逆汤也收录在《中国药典》中,具有温中健脾、祛寒以及回阳救逆等功效。
二萜生物碱是乌头属的特征性成分,研究者们发现二萜生物碱具有多种生物活性,如抗炎、抗心律失常、强心、镇痛、抗肿瘤以及抑制乙酰胆碱酯酶等。近年来,王锋鹏等采用活性跟踪的方法,从附子中分离出了具有强心和抗心衰作用的C19-二萜生物碱,如中乌宁碱。但是,中乌宁碱的强心作用还无法满足需求,开发出一种具有更加优异的强心作用的新化合物,对临床上预防和治疗心力衰竭具有重要意义。
发明内容
本发明的第一个目的在于提供式I所示的C19-二萜生物碱及其制备方法。
本发明的第二个目的在于提供上述C19-二萜生物碱在制备强心药,以及预防和/或治疗心衰的药物中的用途。
本发明提供了式I所示化合物或其药学上可接受的盐:
其中,R1为氢、甲基或者乙基;R2为羟基、甲氧基或者乙氧基;R3为羟基或者甲氧基;R4为羟基或者甲氧基。
进一步地,所述化合物的结构选自:
本发明还提供了一种制备上述化合物的方法,包括如下步骤:
a、取毛茛科乌头属植物,乙醇提取,浓缩提取液得到浸膏;
b、浸膏用水溶解,调节pH值至1~3,依次用石油醚、乙酸乙酯萃取,取水相;
c、将水相的pH值调节至9.5~11.0,用二氯甲烷萃取,浓缩二氯甲烷萃取液,得到总生物碱A;
d、总生物碱A用5%NaOH的甲醇溶液回流2小时,调节pH至8~9,减压浓缩回收甲醇,得总生物碱B;
e、总生物碱B利用正相硅胶柱层析,由洗脱剂进行梯度洗脱,通过薄层层析检测,按序合并流份,依次得到三部分:B-1,B-2和B-3;所述洗脱剂为CH2Cl2:CH3OH=1:0~0:1的混合溶液;
f、B-1,B-2和B-3部分分别利用正相硅胶柱层析分离纯化得到目标化合物。
进一步地,步骤a中所述乙醇为95%乙醇。
进一步地,步骤a中所述毛茛科乌头属植物为空茎乌头Aconitum apetalum(Huth)B.Fedtsch.;
步骤f中:
B-1部分利用正相硅胶柱层析分离纯化时,流动相为CH2Cl2:MeOH:二乙胺=100:1:0.1~10:1:0.1的混合溶液,得到的目标化合物为化合物8;
B-2部分利用正相硅胶柱层析分离纯化时,流动相为CH2Cl2:MeOH:二乙胺=100:1:0.1~10:1:0.1的混合溶液,得到的目标化合物为化合物1、化合物2、化合物3;
B-3部分利用正相硅胶柱层析分离纯化时,流动相为CH2Cl2:MeOH:二乙胺=100:1:0.1~10:1:0.1的混合溶液,得到的目标化合物为化合物7。
进一步地,步骤a中所述毛茛科乌头属植物为短距乌头Aconitumbrevicalcaratum(Finet&Gagnep.)Diels;
步骤f中:
B-1利用正相硅胶柱层析分离纯化时,流动相为CH2Cl2:MeOH:二乙胺=100:1:0.1~10:1:0.1的混合溶液,得到的目标化合物为化合物4、化合物5、化合物6;
B-2部分利用正相硅胶柱层析分离纯化时,流动相为CH2Cl2:MeOH:二乙胺=100:1:0.1~10:1:0.1的混合溶液,得到的目标化合物为化合物9、化合物10。
本发明还提供了一种药物组合物,它是以上述化合物或其药学上可接受的盐为活性成分,加上药学上可接受的辅料制备而成的制剂。
进一步地,所述制剂为口服制剂。
本发明还提供了上述化合物或其药学上可接受的盐在制备强心药物中的用途。
本发明还提供了上述化合物或其药学上可接受的盐在制备预防和/或治疗心衰的药物中的用途。
关于本发明术语的定义:
术语“药学上可接受的”是指某载体、运载物、稀释剂、辅料,和/或所形成的盐通常在化学上或物理上与构成某药物剂型的其它成分相兼容,并在生理上与受体相兼容。
术语“药学上可接受的盐”是指上述化合物或其立体异构体,与无机和/ 或有机酸和碱形成的酸式和/或碱式盐,也包括两性离子盐(内盐),还包括季铵盐,例如烷基铵盐。这些盐可以是在化合物的最后分离和纯化中直接得到。也可以是通过将上述化合物,或其立体异构体,与一定数量的酸或碱适当(例如等当量)进行混合而得到。这些盐可能在溶液中形成沉淀而以过滤方法收集,或在溶剂蒸发后回收而得到,或在水介质中反应后冷冻干燥制得。本发明中所述盐可以是化合物的盐酸盐、硫酸盐、枸橼酸盐、苯磺酸盐、氢溴酸盐、氢氟酸盐、磷酸盐、乙酸盐、丙酸盐、丁二酸盐、草酸盐、苹果酸盐、琥珀酸盐、富马酸盐、马来酸盐、酒石酸盐或三氟乙酸盐。
本发明化合物或药物组合物的施用方式没有特别限制,代表性的施用方式包括(但并不限于):口服、肠胃外(静脉内、肌肉内或皮下)、和局部给药。
用于口服给药的固体剂型包括胶囊剂、片剂、丸剂、散剂和颗粒剂。在这些固体剂型中,活性化合物与至少一种常规惰性赋形剂(或载体)混合,如柠檬酸钠或磷酸二钙,或与下述成分混合:(a)填料或增容剂,例如,淀粉、乳糖、蔗糖、葡萄糖、甘露醇和硅酸;(b)粘合剂,例如,羟甲基纤维素、藻酸盐、明胶、聚乙烯基吡咯烷酮、蔗糖和阿拉伯胶;(c)保湿剂,例如,甘油;(d)崩解剂,例如,琼脂、碳酸钙、马铃薯淀粉或木薯淀粉、藻酸、某些复合硅酸盐、和碳酸钠;(e)缓溶剂,例如石蜡;(f)吸收加速剂,例如,季胺化合物;(g)润湿剂,例如鲸蜡醇和单硬脂酸甘油酯;(h)吸附剂,例如,高岭土;和(i)润滑剂,例如,滑石、硬脂酸钙、硬脂酸镁、固体聚乙二醇、十二烷基硫酸钠,或其混合物。胶囊剂、片剂和丸剂中,剂型也可包含缓冲剂。
固体剂型如片剂、糖丸、胶囊剂、丸剂和颗粒剂可采用包衣和壳材制备,如肠衣和其它本领域公知的材料。它们可包含不透明剂,并且,这种组合物中活性化合物或化合物的释放可以延迟的方式在消化道内的某一部分中释放。可采用的包埋组分的实例是聚合物质和蜡类物质。必要时,活性化合物也可与上述赋形剂中的一种或多种形成微胶囊形式。
用于口服给药的液体剂型包括药学上可接受的乳液、溶液、悬浮液、糖浆或酊剂。除了活性化合物外,液体剂型可包含本领域中常规采用的惰性稀释剂,如水或其它溶剂,增溶剂和乳化剂,例知,乙醇、异丙醇、碳酸乙酯、乙酸乙酯、丙二醇、1,3-丁二醇、二甲基甲酰胺以及油,特别是棉籽油、花生油、玉米胚油、橄榄油、蓖麻油和芝麻油或这些物质的混合物等。
除了这些惰性稀释剂外,组合物也可包含助剂,如润湿剂、乳化剂和悬浮剂、甜味剂、矫味剂和香料。
除了活性化合物外,悬浮液可包含悬浮剂,例如,乙氧基化异十八烷醇、聚氧乙烯山梨醇和脱水山梨醇酯、微晶纤维素、甲醇铝和琼脂或这些物质的混合物等。
用于肠胃外注射的组合物可包含生理上可接受的无菌含水或无水溶液、分散液、悬浮液或乳液,和用于重新溶解成无菌的可注射溶液或分散液的无菌粉末。适宜的含水和非水载体、稀释剂、溶剂或赋形剂包括水、乙醇、多元醇及其适宜的混合物。
本发明所述药学上可接受的辅料,是指除活性成分以外包含在剂型中的物质。
本发明所述药学上可接受的辅助性成分,它具有一定生理活性,但该成分的加入不会改变上述药物组合物在疾病治疗过程中的主导地位,而仅仅发挥辅助功效,这些辅助功效仅仅是对该成分已知活性的利用,是医药领域惯用的辅助治疗方式。若将上述辅助性成分与本发明药物组合物配合使用,仍然应属于本发明保护的范围。
药效实验表明,本发明化合物均具有强心作用。特别地,与阳性对照中乌宁碱相比,本发明化合物1、2、4、7和10的强心作用明显提高。本发明化合物可以用来制备强心药,以及预防和/或治疗心衰的药物。
本发明化合物可以从乌头属植物中提取分离得到,药物来源广泛,具有广阔的临床应用前景及市场前景。
显然,根据本发明的上述内容,按照本领域的普通技术知识和惯用手段,在不脱离本发明上述基本技术思想前提下,还可以做出其它多种形式的修改、替换或变更。
以下通过实施例形式的具体实施方式,对本发明的上述内容再作进一步的详细说明。但不应将此理解为本发明上述主题的范围仅限于以下的实例。凡基于本发明上述内容所实现的技术均属于本发明的范围。
具体实施方式
本发明具体实施方式中使用的原料、设备均为已知产品,通过购买市售产品获得。
实施例1:制备本发明化合物1-10
(一)制备化合物1,2,3,7和8
取毛茛科乌头属植物空茎乌头(Aconitum apetalum(Huth)B.Fedtsch.)块根10kg,在室温条件下,将空茎乌头的干燥根用95%乙醇浸泡提取三次,每次浸泡7天,合并提取液减压浓缩后得到浸膏(510g)。
浸膏用50℃水溶解,先用10%w/w盐酸溶液调节pH值到3.0,然后依次用石油醚、乙酸乙酯萃取。将水相用24%w/w浓氨水调节pH值到9.4,再用二氯甲烷萃取,减压浓缩二氯甲烷部分得到总的生物碱A(90g)。
总生物碱A用5%NaOH的甲醇溶液回流2小时,调节pH至8~9,减压浓缩回收甲醇,得总生物碱B。
总生物碱B利用正相硅胶柱层析,由洗脱剂(CH2Cl2:CH3OH=1:0~0:1) 进行梯度洗脱,通过薄层层析检测,按序合并流份,依次得到三部分:B-1,B-2和B-3部分。
B-1部分经过反复硅胶柱层析进一步分离纯化,流动相为CH2Cl2:MeOH: 二乙胺=100:1:0.1~10:1:0.1的混合溶液,得到化合物8(10mg),经核磁共振表征确定其结构。
B-2部分经过反复硅胶柱层析进一步分离纯化,流动相为CH2Cl2:MeOH: 二乙胺=100:1:0.1~10:1:0.1的混合溶液,分别得到化合物1(13mg)、 2(17mg)和3(11mg),经核磁共振表征确定其结构。
B-3部分经过反复硅胶柱层析进一步分离纯化,流动相为CH2Cl2:MeOH: 二乙胺=100:1:0.1~10:1:0.1的混合溶液,分别得到化合物7(22mg),经核磁共振表征确定其结构。
(二)制备化合物4,5,6,9和10
取毛茛科乌头属植物短距乌头(Aconitum brevicalcaratum(Finet& Gagnep.)Diels块根5kg,在室温条件下,将空茎乌头的干燥根用95%乙醇浸泡提取三次,每次浸泡7天,合并提取液减压浓缩后得到浸膏(310g)。
浸膏用50℃水溶解,先用10%w/w盐酸溶液调节pH值到3.0,然后依次用石油醚、乙酸乙酯萃取。将水相用24%w/w浓氨水调节pH值到9.4,再用二氯甲烷萃取,减压浓缩二氯甲烷部分得到总的生物碱A(30g)。
总生物碱A用5%NaOH的甲醇溶液回流2小时,调节pH至8~9,减压浓缩回收甲醇,得总生物碱B。
总生物碱B利用正相硅胶柱层析,由洗脱剂(CH2Cl2:CH3OH=1:0~0:1) 进行梯度洗脱,通过薄层层析检测,按序合并流份,依次得到三部分:B-1,B-2和B-3部分。
B-1部分经过反复硅胶柱层析进一步分离纯化,流动相为CH2Cl2:MeOH: 二乙胺=100:1:0.1~10:1:0.1的混合溶液,分别得到化合物4(5mg)、 5(8mg)、6(6mg),经核磁共振表征确定其结构。
B-2部分经过反复硅胶柱层析进一步分离纯化,流动相为CH2Cl2:MeOH: 二乙胺=100:1:0.1~10:1:0.1的混合溶液,分别得到化合物9(15mg)和 10(18mg),经核磁共振表征确定其结构。
本发明化合物1-10均为C19型二萜生物碱,其化学结构和物理化学常数如下:
化合物1:卡马考宁(英文名:cammaconine),白色无定形粉末,碘化铋钾反应显阳性。1H-NMR(CDCl3,400MHz)δ:1.06(3H,t,J=7.2Hz, NCH2CH3),3.34、3.27(各3H,s,2×OCH3),3.04(1H,dd,J=10.8Hz,6.6 Hz,H-1β),4.14(1H,t,J=4.8Hz,H-14β),3.16(1H,m,H-16α)。13C-NMR (CDCl3,100MHz)δ:86.4(d,C-1),25.8(t,C-2),32.2(t,C-3),39.2 (s,C-4),46.0(d,C-5),24.7(t,C-6),45.9(d,C-7),73.0(s,C-8), 47.0(d,C-9),45.6(d,C-10),48.9(s,C-11),27.8(t,C-12),37.6(d, C-13),75.7(d,C-14),38.4(t,C-15),82.3(d,C-16),63.2(d,C-17), 69.0(t,C-18),53.1(t,C-19),49.6(t,C-21),13.8(q,C-22),56.7(q,1-OCH3),56.5(q,16-OCH3)。
化合物2:N-去乙基-N-甲基卡马考宁(英文名:N-deethyl-N-methylcammaconine),无定形粉末,碘化铋钾反应显阳性。1H-NMR(CDCl3,400 MHz)δ:3.10(1H,m,H-1β),4.14(1H,t,J=4.8Hz,H-14β),3.43(1H, m,H-16α),3.25,3.38(each 1H,ABq,J=11.2Hz,H-18),3.31、3.37(各3H, s,2×OCH3),2.30(3H,s,NCH3)。13C-NMR(CDCl3,100MHz)δ:86.4 (d,C-1),26.0(t,C-2),32.2(t,C-3),39.3(s,C-4),45.1(d,C-5), 24.7(t,C-6),45.0(d,C-7),73.0(s,C-8),47.1(d,C-9),45.6(d, C-10),48.9(s,C-11),27.7(t,C-12),37.6(d,C-13),75.7(d,C-14), 38.4(t,C-15),82.3(d,C-16),64.0(d,C-17),69.0(t,C-18),55.8 (t,C-19),42.7(q,C-21),56.6(q,1-OCH3),56.7(q,16-OCH3)。
化合物3:N-去乙基卡马考宁(英文名:N-deethyl cammaconine),无定形粉末,碘化铋钾反应显阳性。1H-NMR(CDCl3,400MHz)δ:3.38(1H, m,H-1β),4.13(1H,t,J=4.8Hz,H-14β),3.33(1H,m,H-16α),3.17, 3.28(each 1H,ABq,J=11.2Hz,H-18),3.32、3.35(各3H,s,2×OCH3)。13C-NMR(CDCl3,100MHz)δ:84.5(d,C-1),25.3(t,C-2),28.4(t, C-3),39.6(s,C-4),42.9(d,C-5),26.0(t,C-6),53.0(d,C-7),75.5 (s,C-8),47.1(d,C-9),45.6(d,C-10),39.6(s,C-11),29.8(t,C-12), 37.6(d,C-13),75.5(d,C-14),41.6(t,C-15),84.1(d,C-16),58.7 (d,C-17),68.5(t,C-18),48.9(t,C-19),56.0(q,1-OCH3),56.5(q, 16-OCH3)。
化合物4:花葶乌头宁(scaconine),白色无定形粉末,碘化铋钾反应显阳性。1H-NMR(CDCl3,400MHz)δ:3.04(1H,dd,J=10.8Hz,6.6Hz, H-1β),3.62(1H,t,J=4.8Hz,H-14β),3.15(1H,m,H-16α),3.17,3.28 (each 1H,ABq,J=11.2Hz,H-18),0.99(3H,t,J=7.2Hz,NCH2CH3), 3.32、3.25、3.21(各3H,s,3×OCH3)。13C-NMR(CDCl3,400MHz)δ: 85.7(d,C-1),26.3(t,C-2),32.2(t,C-3),38.8(s,C-4),45.6(d, C-5),24.9(t,C-6),45.4(d,C-7),74.2(s,C-8),46.3(d,C-9),45.7 (d,C-10),48.7(s,C-11),29.4(t,C-12),36.8(d,C-13),84.4(d, C-14),41.6(t,C-15),82.6(d,C-16),62.4(d,C-17),68.7(t,C-18), 52.9(t,C-19),49.3(t,C-21),13.5(q,C-22),56.2(q,1-OCH3),57.6 (q,14-OCH3),56.2(q,16-OCH3)。
化合物5:8-甲氧基卡马考宁(英文名:8-O-methyl cammaconine),白色无定形粉末,碘化铋钾反应显阳性。1H-NMR(CDCl3,400MHz)δ:3.10 (1H,dd,J=10.8Hz,6.6Hz,H-1β),4.00(1H,t,J=4.8Hz,H-14β), 3.29(1H,m,H-16α),3.28,3.40(each 1H,ABq,J=11.2Hz,H-18),1.09 (3H,t,J=7.2Hz,NCH2CH3),3.15、3.29、3.37(各3H,s,3×OCH3)。13C-NMR(CDCl3,400MHz)δ:85.8(d,C-1),25.8(t,C-2),31.9(t, C-3),38.0(s,C-4),46.0(d,C-5),23.5(t,C-6),40.1(d,C-7),77.9 (s,C-8),45.6(d,C-9),45.6(d,C-10),48.9(s,C-11),28.4(t,C-12), 38.9(d,C-13),75.1(d,C-14),33.2(t,C-15),82.3(d,C-16),62.9 (d,C-17),68.9(t,C-18),53.0(t,C-19),49.4(t,C-21),13.5(q, C-22),56.4(q,1-OCH3),48.3(q,8-OCH3),56.4(q,16-OCH3)。
化合物6:8,14-二甲氧基卡马考宁(英文名:8,14-O-dimethyl cammaconine),白色无定形粉末,碘化铋钾反应显阳性。1H-NMR(CDCl3, 400MHz)δ:3.09(1H,dd,J=10.8Hz,6.6Hz,H-1β),3.55(1H,t,J= 4.8Hz,H-14β),3.25(1H,m,H-16α),3.22,3.42(each 1H,ABq,J=11.2Hz, H-18),1.07(3H,t,J=7.2Hz,NCH2CH3),3.13、3.29、3.36、3.37(各 3H,s,4×OCH3)。13C-NMR(CDCl3,400MHz)δ:85.8(d,C-1),26.5 (t,C-2),32.1(t,C-3),38.8(s,C-4),45.8(d,C-5),23.9(t,C-6), 40.1(d,C-7),77.6(s,C-8),43.7(d,C-9),45.3(d,C-10),49.2(s,C-11),29.5(t,C-12),38.1(d,C-13),83.7(d,C-14),35.5(t,C-15), 83.8(d,C-16),61.8(d,C-17),69.2(t,C-18),53.0(t,C-19),49.3 (t,C-21),13.6(q,C-22),56.3(q,1-OCH3),48.1(q,8-OCH3),57.7 (q,14-OCH3),56.3(q,16-OCH3)。
化合物7:16-去甲基卡马考宁(英文名:16-demethyl cammaconine),白色无定形粉末,碘化铋钾反应显阳性。1H-NMR(CDCl3,400MHz)δ:3.10 (1H,dd,J=10.8Hz,6.6Hz,H-1β),4.23(1H,t,J=4.8Hz,H-14β), 3.82(1H,m,H-16α),3.19,3.41(each 1H,ABq,J=11.2Hz,H-18),1.07 (3H,t,J=7.2Hz,NCH2CH3),3.28(3H,s,OCH3),4.23(1H,t,J= 4.8Hz,H-14β)。13C-NMR(CDCl3,100MHz)δ:86.4(d,C-1),25.6(t, C-2),32.0(t,C-3),39.1(s,C-4),45.8(d,C-5),24.5(t,C-6),46.4 (d,C-7),73.8(s,C-8),46.4(d,C-9),45.2(d,C-10),48.8(s,C-11), 27.9(t,C-12),40.6(d,C-13),75.6(d,C-14),42.1(t,C-15),72.4 (d,C-16),63.3(d,C-17),68.4(t,C-18),53.1(t,C-19),49.6(t, C-21),13.6(q,C-22),56.4(q,1-OCH3)。
化合物8:8-乙氧基卡马考宁(英文名:8-O-ethyl cammaconine),白色无定形粉末,碘化铋钾反应显阳性。1H-NMR(CDCl3,600MHz)δ:1.05 (3H,t,J=7.2Hz,OCH2CH3),1.11(3H,t,J=7.2Hz,NCH2CH3),3.35、 3.26(各3H,s,2×OCH3)。13C-NMR(CDCl3,150MHz)δ:86.0(d,C-1), 26.2(t,C-2),32.2(t,C-3),38.6(s,C-4),45.9(d,C-5),23.8(t, C-6),40.8(d,C-7),78.2(s,C-8),45.6(d,C-9),45.8(d,C-10),48.9 (s,C-11),28.9(t,C-12),39.0(d,C-13),75.3(d,C-14),34.7(t, C-15),82.6(d,C-16),62.9(d,C-17),69.1(t,C-18),52.9(t,C-19), 49.5(t,C-21),13.7(q,C-22),56.5(q,1-OCH3),56.5(q,16-OCH3), 56.0(t,8-OCH2CH3),16.3(q,8-OCH2CH3)。
化合物9:8-乙氧基,14-甲氧基卡马考宁(英文名:8-O-ethyl,14-O-methylcammaconine),白色无定形粉末,碘化铋钾反应显阳性。1H-NMR(CDCl3, 600MHz)δ:1.05(3H,t,J=6.0Hz,NCH2CH3),3.27、3.34、3.36(各 3H,s,3×OCH3)。13C-NMR(CDCl3,150MHz)δ:86.0(d,C-1),26.7 (t,C-2),32.2(t,C-3),38.9(s,C-4),45.3(d,C-5),24.1(t,C-6), 41.1(d,C-7),77.5(s,C-8),43.1(d,C-9),46.0(d,C-10),49.3(s, C-11),29.6(t,C-12),39.2(d,C-13),84.0(d,C-14),36.3(t,C-15), 84.1(d,C-16),61.9(d,C-17),69.4(t,C-18),53.1(t,C-19),49.4 (t,C-21),13.7(q,C-22),56.5(q,1-OCH3),57.8(q,14-OCH3),56.5 (q,16-OCH3),55.5(t,-OCH2CH3),16.3(q,OCH2CH3)。
化合物10:N-去乙基-N-甲基-14-甲氧基-卡马考宁(英文名: N-deethyl-N-methyl 14-O-methyl cammaconine),无定形粉末,碘化铋钾反应显阳性。HR–ESI–MS m/z:408.2735[M+H]+(calcd.for C23H38NO5,408.2750);1H-NMR(CDCl3,400MHz)δ:3.12(1H,m,H-1β),4.17(1H,t,J=4.8 Hz,H-14β),3.38(1H,m,H-16α),3.25、3.31、3.37(各3H,s,3×OCH3), 2.30(3H,s,NCH3)。
以下通过药效实验证明本发明的有益效果。
实验例1:化合物对体外离体牛蛙的心脏强心作用
1.实验方法
按照文献(丁虹主编,实验药理学,第504-506页,科学出版社,2008 年)记载的方法进行体外离体牛蛙心脏的制备,具体如下:使用了体重150-200 克的牛蛙,雌雄不拘。在室温下,用金属探针破坏牛蛙的大脑和脊髓后,切开胸壁,暴露心脏,并在左右主动脉下分别穿一条线。右主动脉直接打结后,用剪刀剪开左主动脉“V”形切口。将装有少量任氏液的蛙心插管插入心室。将左主动脉下线连接并固定在插管的侧钩上。用新鲜的任式液反复冲洗牛蛙心管中的血液,直到液体清澈无色。心脏插管进入心室并灌注任式液。用夹子将蛙心插管固定于铁架台上,肌张力换能器固定于蛙心插管下方,通过蛙心夹与线将离体蛙心与张力换能器连接。将插管中的溶液体积调整1.0mL,并在套管中加入受试化合物或同等体积的溶剂。受试化合物在离体灌流蛙心上评价其心脏活性,记录心率和收缩幅度。
考察本发明化合物1-10对体外离体牛蛙心脏的强心作用。以去乙酰毛化苷和中乌宁碱作为阳性对照。
化合物1-10的测试浓度为0.005mol/mL;阳性对照药中午宁碱的测试浓度为0.01mol/mL;阳性对照药去乙酰毛化苷的测试浓度为0.0002mol/mL。
2.实验结果
表1.化合物对离体牛蛙心脏的强心试验结果
化合物 | 平均增加率(%) | 结果 |
1 | 117.6 | 强 |
2 | 159.3 | 强 |
3 | 36.8 | 显著 |
4 | 155.9 | 强 |
5 | 33.6 | 显著 |
6 | 31.2 | 显著 |
7 | 75.2 | 强 |
8 | 57.2 | 显著 |
9 | 21.8 | 中等 |
10 | 148.1 | 强 |
去乙酰毛化苷 | 61 | 强 |
中乌宁碱 | 70.7 | 强 |
注:表1中,平均增加率(%)表示蛙心的平均振幅增长率(%),根据其值大小将强心作用分为以下4类:0~15%(无);16%~30%(+,中等);31%~60%(++,显著);>60%(+++,强)。
上述实验结果表明,本发明化合物1-10均具有强心作用。特别地,与阳性对照中乌宁碱相比,本发明化合物1、2、4、7和10在更低测试浓度下反而取得了更佳的强心作用,说明本发明化合物1、2、4、7和10的强心作用明显提高。本发明化合物可以用来制备强心药,以及预防和/或治疗心衰的药物。
综上,本发明提供了一种式I所示的C19二萜生物碱及其制备方法和用途。药效实验表明,本发明化合物均具有强心作用,可以用来制备强心药,以及预防和/或治疗心衰的药物。本发明化合物可以从乌头属植物中提取分离得到,药物来源广泛,具有广阔的临床应用前景及市场前景。
Claims (10)
1.式I所示化合物或其药学上可接受的盐:
其中,R1为氢、甲基或者乙基;R2为羟基、甲氧基或者乙氧基;R3为羟基或者甲氧基;R4为羟基或者甲氧基。
2.根据权利要求1所述的化合物或其药学上可接受的盐,其特征在于:所述化合物的结构选自:
3.一种制备权利要求1~2任意一项所述化合物的方法,其特征在于:包括如下步骤:
a、取毛茛科乌头属植物,乙醇提取,浓缩提取液得到浸膏;
b、浸膏用水溶解,调节pH值至1~3,依次用石油醚、乙酸乙酯萃取,取水相;
c、将水相的pH值调节至9.5~11.0,用二氯甲烷萃取,浓缩二氯甲烷萃取液,得到总生物碱A;
d、总生物碱A用5%NaOH的甲醇溶液回流2小时,调节pH至8~9,减压浓缩回收甲醇,得总生物碱B;
e、总生物碱B利用正相硅胶柱层析,由洗脱剂进行梯度洗脱,通过薄层层析检测,按序合并流份,依次得到三部分:B-1,B-2和B-3;所述洗脱剂为CH2Cl2:CH3OH=1:0~0:1的混合溶液;
f、B-1,B-2和B-3部分分别利用正相硅胶柱层析分离纯化得到目标化合物。
4.根据权利要求3所述的方法,其特征在于:步骤a中所述乙醇为95%乙醇。
5.根据权利要求3或4所述的方法,其特征在于:步骤a中所述毛茛科乌头属植物为空茎乌头Aconitum apetalum(Huth)B.Fedtsch.;
步骤f中:
B-1部分利用正相硅胶柱层析分离纯化时,流动相为CH2Cl2:MeOH:二乙胺=100:1:0.1~10:1:0.1的混合溶液,得到的目标化合物为化合物8;
B-2部分利用正相硅胶柱层析分离纯化时,流动相为CH2Cl2:MeOH:二乙胺=100:1:0.1~10:1:0.1的混合溶液,得到的目标化合物为化合物1、化合物2、化合物3;
B-3部分利用正相硅胶柱层析分离纯化时,流动相为CH2Cl2:MeOH:二乙胺=100:1:0.1~10:1:0.1的混合溶液,得到的目标化合物为化合物7。
6.根据权利要求3或4所述的方法,其特征在于:步骤a中所述毛茛科乌头属植物为短距乌头Aconitum brevicalcaratum(Finet&Gagnep.)Diels;
步骤f中:
B-1利用正相硅胶柱层析分离纯化时,流动相为CH2Cl2:MeOH:二乙胺=100:1:0.1~10:1:0.1的混合溶液,得到的目标化合物为化合物4、化合物5、化合物6;
B-2部分利用正相硅胶柱层析分离纯化时,流动相为CH2Cl2:MeOH:二乙胺=100:1:0.1~10:1:0.1的混合溶液,得到的目标化合物为化合物9、化合物10。
7.一种药物组合物,其特征在于:它是以权利要求1~2任意一项所述化合物或其药学上可接受的盐为活性成分,加上药学上可接受的辅料或药学上可接受的辅助性成分制备而成的制剂。
8.根据权利要求7所述的药物组合物,其特征在于:所述制剂为口服制剂。
9.权利要求1~2任意一项所述化合物或其药学上可接受的盐在制备强心药中的用途。
10.权利要求1~2任意一项所述化合物或其药学上可接受的盐在制备预防和/或治疗心衰的药物中的用途。
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