CN116683776A - LLC converter parameter design method - Google Patents

LLC converter parameter design method Download PDF

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Publication number
CN116683776A
CN116683776A CN202310888559.1A CN202310888559A CN116683776A CN 116683776 A CN116683776 A CN 116683776A CN 202310888559 A CN202310888559 A CN 202310888559A CN 116683776 A CN116683776 A CN 116683776A
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China
Prior art keywords
inductance
transformation ratio
converter
gain
quality factor
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CN202310888559.1A
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Chinese (zh)
Inventor
樊康
李长星
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Xian Shiyou University
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Xian Shiyou University
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Priority to CN202310888559.1A priority Critical patent/CN116683776A/en
Publication of CN116683776A publication Critical patent/CN116683776A/en
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    • HELECTRICITY
    • H02GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02MAPPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
    • H02M3/00Conversion of dc power input into dc power output
    • H02M3/22Conversion of dc power input into dc power output with intermediate conversion into ac
    • H02M3/24Conversion of dc power input into dc power output with intermediate conversion into ac by static converters
    • H02M3/28Conversion of dc power input into dc power output with intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode to produce the intermediate ac
    • H02M3/325Conversion of dc power input into dc power output with intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode to produce the intermediate ac using devices of a triode or a transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal
    • H02M3/335Conversion of dc power input into dc power output with intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode to produce the intermediate ac using devices of a triode or a transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only
    • H02M3/3353Conversion of dc power input into dc power output with intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode to produce the intermediate ac using devices of a triode or a transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only having at least two simultaneously operating switches on the input side, e.g. "double forward" or "double (switched) flyback" converter
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H02GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02MAPPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
    • H02M1/00Details of apparatus for conversion
    • H02M1/14Arrangements for reducing ripples from dc input or output
    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02BCLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO BUILDINGS, e.g. HOUSING, HOUSE APPLIANCES OR RELATED END-USER APPLICATIONS
    • Y02B70/00Technologies for an efficient end-user side electric power management and consumption
    • Y02B70/10Technologies improving the efficiency by using switched-mode power supplies [SMPS], i.e. efficient power electronics conversion e.g. power factor correction or reduction of losses in power supplies or efficient standby modes

Abstract

The invention provides a LLC converter parameter design method, which belongs to the technical field of converter parameter design and comprises the following steps: determining a gain characteristic equation by using a fundamental wave analysis method, and determining an inductance-transformation ratio by solving the no-load gain of the converter; determining a boundary between the inductance and the capacitance of the resonant cavity of the converter according to a gain equation, determining a minimum switching frequency by solving a boundary expression, and determining a first circuit quality factor maximum value corresponding to the minimum switching frequency by an input impedance equation and an inductance-to-transformation ratio; determining a second circuit quality factor maximum value corresponding to the maximum switching frequency through a resonance current minimum value and an inductance transformation ratio in dead time; and determining the target parameters of the converter according to the first circuit quality factor maximum value and the second circuit quality factor maximum value. The invention can directly calculate the reasonable inductance-transformation ratio, does not need to rely on experience to repeatedly try to select the inductance-transformation ratio, and can meet ZVS in the full working range.

Description

LLC converter parameter design method
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of converter parameter design, and particularly relates to an LLC converter parameter design method.
Background
In the full load range, the LLC converter can automatically realize zero voltage switching-on (ZVS) of MOS by utilizing the body capacitance effect of the primary side switching tube, and can also realize zero current switching-off (ZCS) of the rectifier diode under certain conditions. Meets the requirement of high efficiency of the converter. The LED power supply device is widely applied to the fields of data center power supply, LED drive, electric automobile charging and the like. Wherein the parameters of the resonant elements determine the performance of the converter and reasonable and standardized resonant cavity parameters must be designed to ensure high performance of the resonant converter. An existing LLC converter parameter design method is an LLC resonant converter parameter design method, for example, patent application number 201910584842.9, and an inductance coefficient K optimization selection method is adopted in the main circuit parameter design process, so that the effect of optimizing the converter performance is finally achieved. However, the design process requires repeated attempts to change the parameters in an effort to reach a reasonable range, adding to the complexity of the parameter design process. In addition, paper LLC resonant converter parameter design method based on simplified time domain equation uses simplified time domain analysis method to simply and effectively design resonant parameter value when switching frequency is smaller than resonant frequency, but the design makes converter always work in under-resonant state, and can allow design input voltage range not high, and reduces working efficiency of converter.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to overcome the problem that the parameter design process is complex by repeatedly trying to change parameters to determine the parameter range in the process of designing the parameters, the invention provides a parameter design method of an LLC converter, which comprises the following steps:
determining a gain characteristic equation by using a fundamental wave analysis method;
solving the no-load gain of the converter through a gain characteristic equation to determine an inductance-transformation ratio;
determining a boundary between the inductance and the capacitance of the resonant cavity of the converter according to a gain equation, determining a minimum switching frequency by solving a boundary expression, and determining a first circuit quality factor maximum value corresponding to the minimum switching frequency by an input impedance equation and an inductance-to-transformation ratio;
determining a second circuit quality factor maximum value corresponding to the maximum switching frequency through a resonance current minimum value and an inductance transformation ratio in dead time;
and determining the target parameters of the converter according to the first circuit quality factor maximum value and the second circuit quality factor maximum value.
Preferably, the gain characteristic equation is:
where k is the inductance-to-transformation ratio, h is the normalized frequency, and Q is the circuit quality factor.
Preferably, the inductance-transformation ratio of the converter no-load gain is determined by a gain characteristic equation, and the method comprises the following steps:
the equivalent resistance of the gain characteristic equation is defined as infinity, and the quality factor of the circuit is 0, so that an idle gain equation is determined;
determining a minimum gain equation of the converter when the converter works at the maximum switching frequency through the no-load gain equation;
and determining the inductance-transformation ratio of the no-load gain of the converter through a minimum gain equation.
Preferably, the inductance-to-transformation ratio of the no-load gain is:
wherein G is min H is the minimum gain of the converter max Is the ratio of the maximum switching frequency to the resonant frequency.
Preferably, the input impedance equation is:
wherein omega is s Is the switching angular frequency, cr is the resonant capacitor, lr is the resonant inductance, lm is the excitation inductance, rac is the equivalent resistance converted to the primary side of the transformer, Z r The characteristic impedance is k, the inductance-to-transformation ratio is h, the normalized frequency is h, the Q is the circuit quality factor, and j is the imaginary unit.
Preferably, the first circuit quality factor maximum value is:
wherein f min For minimum switching frequency, fr is resonant frequency, h min For the minimum value of the normalized frequency, k is the inductance-to-transformation ratio, Q max1 Is the first circuit figure of merit maximum.
Preferably, the second circuit quality factor maximum value is:
wherein Coss is parasitic capacitance, T d For dead time, k is inductance transformation ratio, rac is equivalent resistance converted to primary side of transformer, h max Q is the ratio of the maximum switching frequency to the resonant frequency max2 Is the second circuit figure of merit maximum.
Preferably, the circuit quality factor is:
Q=90%~95%min{Q max1 ,Q max2 }。
preferably, the converter target parameters include: the transformer primary-secondary transformation ratio n, the resonance capacitor Cr, the resonance inductance Lr and the excitation inductance Lm are respectively calculated according to the following formulas:
L m =k×L r
wherein vin_nom is the rated value of the input voltage, vo is the output voltage, vd is the voltage drop when the secondary rectifier diode is conducted, fr is the resonant frequency, L m Is an excitation inductance L r Is resonant inductance, f r For resonance frequency, Z r Rac is the equivalent load converted to the primary side of the transformer, R L The transformer is provided with a transformer load end equivalent resistor, n is the primary-secondary transformation ratio of the transformer, Q is the circuit quality factor and a resonance capacitor Cr.
Preferably, the calculation formula of the minimum gain Gmin is:
wherein vin_max is the maximum value of the input voltage, vo is the output voltage, vd is the voltage drop when the secondary rectifier diode is conducted, and n is the primary-secondary transformation ratio of the transformer.
The LLC converter parameter design method provided by the invention has the following beneficial effects:
according to the invention, a fundamental wave analysis method is utilized to determine a gain characteristic equation, and reasonable inductance-transformation ratio can be directly calculated by solving the ZVS boundary condition of the gain characteristic equation, so that repeated attempts are not needed to select the inductance-transformation ratio by experience; the first circuit quality factor maximum value corresponding to the minimum switching frequency and the second circuit quality factor maximum value corresponding to the maximum switching frequency can be determined through calculation of the input impedance equation and the minimum value of the resonant current in the dead time, so that the target parameters of the converter can be obtained, the converter can meet ZVS in the full working range, the maximum input voltage or the converter can still be regulated when no load is carried out, the maximum gain requirement is met, and the working efficiency of the converter is improved.
Drawings
In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present invention and the design thereof, the drawings required for the embodiments will be briefly described below. The drawings in the following description are only some of the embodiments of the present invention and other drawings may be made by those skilled in the art without the exercise of inventive faculty.
FIG. 1 is a flow chart of an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a half-bridge LLC resonant converter main power topology according to an embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 3 is an ac equivalent circuit diagram of an LLC resonant converter.
Detailed Description
The present invention will be described in detail below with reference to the drawings and the embodiments, so that those skilled in the art can better understand the technical scheme of the present invention and can implement the same. The following examples are only for more clearly illustrating the technical aspects of the present invention, and are not intended to limit the scope of the present invention.
In the description of the present invention, it should be understood that the terms "center", "longitudinal", "lateral", "length", "width", "thickness", "upper", "lower", "front", "rear", "left", "right", "vertical", "horizontal", "top", "bottom", "inner", "outer", "axial", "radial", "circumferential", etc. indicate orientations or positional relationships based on the orientations or positional relationships shown in the drawings are merely for convenience in describing the technical solutions of the present invention and to simplify the description, and do not indicate or imply that the devices or elements referred to must have a specific orientation, be configured and operated in a specific orientation, and therefore should not be construed as limiting the present invention.
Furthermore, the terms "first," "second," and the like are used for descriptive purposes only and are not to be construed as indicating or implying relative importance. In the description of the present invention, it should be noted that, unless explicitly specified or limited otherwise, the terms "connected," "connected," and "connected" are to be construed broadly, and may be, for example, fixedly connected, detachably connected, or integrally connected; can be mechanically or electrically connected; may be directly connected or indirectly connected through an intermediate medium. The specific meaning of the above terms in the present invention can be understood by those of ordinary skill in the art according to the specific circumstances. In the description of the present invention, unless otherwise indicated, the meaning of "a plurality" is two or more, and will not be described in detail herein.
Examples
The invention provides a LLC converter parameter design method, which comprises the following steps, as shown in FIG. 1:
step 1: and determining a gain characteristic equation by using a fundamental wave analysis method, and solving the no-load gain of the converter through the gain characteristic equation to determine the inductance-transformation ratio.
The fundamental wave analysis method is utilized to analyze the switching network, the resonant network and the rectification output network (shown in figure 2) of the half-bridge LLC resonant converter one by one, so that a gain characteristic equation of the converter can be obtained, specifically:
where k is the inductance-to-transformation ratio, h is the normalized frequency, and Q is the circuit quality factor.
Step 2: the inductance-to-transformation ratio is determined by solving the no-load gain of the converter, and the method specifically comprises the following steps:
(1) The equivalent resistance of the gain characteristic equation is defined as infinity, and the quality factor of the circuit is 0, so that an idle gain equation is determined;
due to the gain characteristic equationBut->Let Rac be infinite, so Q tends to 0, yielding the no-load gain equation:
wherein R is L For the equivalent resistance of the load end of the converter, n is the primary-secondary side transformation ratio of the transformer, and the load R is used for L After the conversion to the primary side of the transformer, an equivalent alternating current load Rac can be obtained, the voltage of the two ends of the equivalent alternating current load Rac is nVo, and an alternating current equivalent circuit diagram of the converter is shown in fig. 3.
(2) Determining a minimum gain equation of the converter when the converter works at the maximum switching frequency through the no-load gain equation;
in order to ensure that the converter can meet the no-load condition when operating at the maximum switching frequency, a minimum gain is obtained at this time:
from this, the inductance-to-transformation ratio can be found as:
wherein G is min H is the minimum gain of the converter max Is the ratio of the maximum switching frequency to the resonant frequency.
Wherein the minimum gain G min The calculation formula of (2) is as follows:
wherein vin_max is the maximum value of the input voltage, vo is the output voltage, vd is the voltage drop when the secondary rectifier diode is conducted, and n is the primary-secondary transformation ratio of the transformer.
Step 2: and determining a boundary between the inductance and the capacitance of the resonant cavity of the converter according to the gain equation, determining the minimum switching frequency by solving a boundary expression, and determining a first circuit quality factor maximum value corresponding to the minimum switching frequency by the input impedance equation and the inductance transformation ratio.
As can be seen from the gain equation, the minimum switching frequency occurs at the boundary between the susceptibility and the capacitance of the resonant cavity, and the gain reaches the maximum value Gmax, which is also a condition for guaranteeing ZVS of the switching tube.
The input impedance equation is:
wherein omega is s Is the switching angular frequency, cr is the resonant capacitor, lr is the resonant inductance, lm is the excitation inductance, rac is the equivalent resistance converted to the primary side of the transformer, Z r The characteristic impedance is k, the inductance-to-transformation ratio is h, the normalized frequency is h, the Q is the circuit quality factor, and j is the imaginary unit.
Let the imaginary part of the upper expression be zero, and the converter works at the boundary of the inductance and the capacitance (the obtained expression is a boundary expression) to obtain a first circuit quality factor maximum value corresponding to the minimum switching frequency:
wherein f min For minimum switching frequency, fr is resonant frequency, h min For the minimum value of the normalized frequency, k is the inductance-to-transformation ratio, Q max1 Is the first circuit figure of merit maximum.
Step 3: and determining a second circuit quality factor maximum value corresponding to the maximum switching frequency through the resonance current minimum value and the inductance transformation ratio in dead time.
In order to meet the zero voltage turn-on of the converter, the dead time requirement is also met, and the voltage at the midpoint of the half bridge is the input voltage in the driving dead time of the MOSFET. Since the input current phase lags the input voltage, there is still an inductor current flowing into the resonant circuit after the end of the half-cycle, which charges and discharges the parasitic capacitance Coss of the MOSFET, causing the voltage at the midpoint to drop from zero. To ensure ZVS, the resonant current at the end of the half-cycle must be greater than the minimum current necessary to complete charge and discharge to Coss in dead time, i.e
For the current of the cavity just entering the dead time, the approximation can be expressed as:
the minimum value which can be seen from the above equation occurs at the maximum switching frequency, and after Lm, nVo is replaced by Vin, k, h, Q, the minimum value which can be obtained is further sorted:
and sorting the maximum value of the second circuit quality factor corresponding to the maximum switching frequency:
wherein Coss is parasitic capacitance, T d For dead time, k is inductance transformation ratio, rac is equivalent resistance converted to primary side of transformer, h max Q is the ratio of the maximum switching frequency to the resonant frequency max2 Is the second circuit figure of merit maximum.
Step 4: and determining the target parameters of the converter according to the first circuit quality factor maximum value and the second circuit quality factor maximum value.
In order to ensure ZVS over the entire operating range, the maximum quality factor Q of the converter must be set max Below the minimum of the sums and taking 5% -10% margin, the final result is:
Q=90%~95%min{Q max1 ,Q max2 }。
the target parameters of the converter comprise a transformer primary-secondary transformation ratio n, a resonance capacitor Cr, a resonance inductance Lr and an excitation inductance Lm, and the specific formulas are as follows:
L m =k×L r
wherein vin_nom is the rated value of the input voltage, vo is the output voltage, vd is the voltage drop when the secondary rectifier diode is conducted, fr is the resonant frequency, L m Is an excitation inductance L r Is resonant inductance, f r For resonance frequency, Z r Rac is the equivalent load converted to the primary side of the transformer, R L The transformer is provided with a transformer load end equivalent resistor, n is the primary-secondary transformation ratio of the transformer, Q is the circuit quality factor and a resonance capacitor Cr.
The above embodiments are merely preferred embodiments of the present invention, the protection scope of the present invention is not limited thereto, and any simple changes or equivalent substitutions of technical solutions that can be obviously obtained by those skilled in the art within the technical scope of the present invention disclosed in the present invention belong to the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims (10)

1. The LLC converter parameter design method is characterized by comprising the following steps of:
determining a gain characteristic equation by using a fundamental wave analysis method;
solving the no-load gain of the converter through a gain characteristic equation to determine an inductance-transformation ratio;
determining a boundary between the inductance and the capacitance of the resonant cavity of the converter according to a gain equation, determining a minimum switching frequency by solving a boundary expression, and determining a first circuit quality factor maximum value corresponding to the minimum switching frequency by an input impedance equation and an inductance-to-transformation ratio;
determining a second circuit quality factor maximum value corresponding to the maximum switching frequency through a resonance current minimum value and an inductance transformation ratio in dead time;
and determining the target parameters of the converter according to the first circuit quality factor maximum value and the second circuit quality factor maximum value.
2. The LLC converter parameter design method according to claim 1, wherein the gain characteristic equation is:
where k is the inductance-to-transformation ratio, h is the normalized frequency, and Q is the circuit quality factor.
3. The LLC converter parameter design method according to claim 2, characterized in that the inductance-to-transformation ratio is determined by solving the no-load gain of the converter, comprising the steps of:
the equivalent resistance of the gain characteristic equation is defined as infinity, and the quality factor of the circuit is 0, so that an idle gain equation is determined;
determining a minimum gain equation of the converter when the converter works at the maximum switching frequency through the no-load gain equation;
and determining the inductance-transformation ratio of the no-load gain of the converter through a minimum gain equation.
4. A LLC converter parameter design method according to claim 3, characterized in that the inductance-to-transformation ratio of the no-load gain is:
wherein G is min H is the minimum gain of the converter max Is the ratio of the maximum switching frequency to the resonant frequency.
5. A LLC converter parameter design method according to claim 3, characterized in that the input impedance equation is:
wherein omega is s Is the switching angular frequency, cr is the resonant capacitor, lr is the resonant inductance, lm is the excitation inductance, rac is the equivalent resistance converted to the primary side of the transformer, Z r The characteristic impedance is k, the inductance-to-transformation ratio is h, the normalized frequency is h, the Q is the circuit quality factor, and j is the imaginary unit.
6. The LLC converter parameter design method according to claim 2, wherein the first circuit quality factor maximum value is:
wherein f min For minimum switching frequency, fr is resonant frequency, h min For the minimum value of the normalized frequency, k is the inductance-to-transformation ratio, Q max1 Is the first circuit figure of merit maximum.
7. The LLC converter parameter design method according to claim 6, wherein said second circuit quality factor maximum value is:
wherein Coss is parasitic capacitance, T d For dead time, k is inductance transformation ratio, rac is equivalent resistance converted to primary side of transformer, h max Q is the ratio of the maximum switching frequency to the resonant frequency max2 Is the second circuit figure of merit maximum.
8. The LLC converter parameter design method according to claim 7, wherein the circuit quality factor is:
Q=90%~95%min{Q maxi ,Q max2 }。
9. the LLC converter parameter design method according to claim 8, wherein the converter target parameters include: the transformer primary-secondary transformation ratio n, the resonance capacitor Cr, the resonance inductance Lr and the excitation inductance Lm are respectively calculated according to the following formulas:
L m =k×L r
wherein vin_nom is the rated value of the input voltage, vo is the output voltage, vd is the voltage drop when the secondary rectifier diode is conducted, fr is the resonant frequency, L m Is an excitation inductance L r Is resonant inductance, f r For resonance frequency, Z r Rac is the equivalent load converted to the primary side of the transformer, R L The transformer is provided with a transformer load end equivalent resistor, n is the primary-secondary transformation ratio of the transformer, Q is the circuit quality factor and a resonance capacitor Cr.
10. The LLC converter parameter design method according to claim 4, wherein the formula of calculation of the minimum gain Gmin is:
wherein vin_max is the maximum value of the input voltage, vo is the output voltage, vd is the voltage drop when the secondary rectifier diode is conducted, and n is the primary-secondary transformation ratio of the transformer.
CN202310888559.1A 2023-07-19 2023-07-19 LLC converter parameter design method Pending CN116683776A (en)

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Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
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Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN117220519A (en) * 2023-11-09 2023-12-12 深圳鹏城新能科技有限公司 Design method and simulation device of half-bridge series resonance LLC circuit

Cited By (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN117220519A (en) * 2023-11-09 2023-12-12 深圳鹏城新能科技有限公司 Design method and simulation device of half-bridge series resonance LLC circuit
CN117220519B (en) * 2023-11-09 2024-01-23 深圳鹏城新能科技有限公司 Design method and simulation device of half-bridge series resonance LLC circuit

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