CN113162422A - High-voltage-reduction-ratio switch capacitor LCLCLCL resonant converter based on third harmonic and parameter design method - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention discloses a high step-down ratio switch capacitor LCLCLCLCL resonant converter based on third harmonic and a parameter design method, mainly comprising the following steps: the circuit comprises a switched capacitor bridge, a quinary resonant cavity, a transformer and a full-wave rectification module, wherein the switched capacitor bridge comprises six switching tubes and five capacitors, the switching tubes are connected in series, and two ends of every two adjacent switching tubes are connected with one capacitor in parallel; the five-element resonant cavity comprises three resonant capacitors, a resonant inductor, an excitation inductor, a trap inductor and a trap capacitor, wherein the three resonant capacitors are respectively connected with two flying capacitors of the switched capacitor bridge, the other ends of the three resonant capacitors are connected with the resonant inductor in series, the other end of the resonant inductor is connected with the excitation inductor in series, the excitation inductor is connected with the trap inductor, and the two ends of the trap inductor are also connected with the two ends of the trap capacitor in parallel; the primary side of the transformer is connected in parallel with the excitation inductor of the quinary resonant cavity, and the secondary side of the transformer is a full-wave rectification module. The converter has the capability of reducing the current loss of the rectifier diode, and can improve the efficiency.

Description

High-voltage-reduction-ratio switch capacitor LCLCLCL resonant converter based on third harmonic and parameter design method

Technical Field

The invention relates to the technical field of electronic circuits, in particular to a high-voltage-reduction-ratio switch capacitor LCLCLCL resonant converter based on third harmonic and a parameter design method.

Background

In recent years, the development of renewable energy sources such as wind power generation and photovoltaic power generation has increasingly lowered the power generation cost, and has become an essential component of an electric energy supply system. However, the power generation condition of renewable energy sources is generally greatly influenced by the environment and has poor stability. Therefore, the direct-current micro-grid is generated at the same time. The output of renewable energy power generation is generally direct current, so that the direct current micro-grid is connected to the direct current micro-grid and only needs to be boosted through a primary DC-DC converter. The bus voltage of the direct current micro-grid is 400V, 48V, 12V and the like, and the lower bus voltage is generally obtained in a multi-stage voltage reduction mode. However, the currently used multi-stage buck converter has the disadvantages of large volume, low efficiency, complex structure and the like, and still has a great improvement space, so that one of the hot spots about the research of the direct current micro-grid is the research of the high-efficiency high-buck-ratio DC-DC converter. In the current common buck converters, the LLC resonant converter stands out by its excellent performance. However, LLC resonant converters still have several fatal disadvantages:

(1) when the converter voltage becomes higher, the magnetic element volume increases and the efficiency decreases;

(2) the voltage input range is limited, and when the voltage is input in a wide range, the voltage is easy to be away from a resonance working point, so that the efficiency is reduced;

(3) when the circuit is started, a large surge impact current is often brought, and the circuit can be damaged.

Disclosure of Invention

The present invention is directed to solving, at least to some extent, one of the technical problems in the related art.

Therefore, the invention aims to provide a high step-down ratio switch capacitor LCLCLCL resonant converter based on third harmonic.

The invention also aims to provide a parameter design method of the high step-down ratio switch capacitor LCLCLCLCL resonant converter based on the third harmonic wave.

In order to achieve the above object, an embodiment of the present invention provides a third harmonic-based high step-down ratio switched capacitor lclclclclcl resonant converter, including: the device comprises a switched capacitor bridge, a quinary resonant cavity, a transformer and a full-wave rectification module, wherein the switched capacitor bridge comprises six switching tubes S₁-S₆And five capacitors C₁-C₅The six switch tubes are connected in series, the whole input power supply is connected with two ends of the input power supply, two ends of every two adjacent switch tubes are connected with a capacitor in parallel, and three capacitors connected with the input bus in series are respectively a first input bus capacitor C₁A second input bus capacitor C₂And a third input bus capacitance C₃And the rest two capacitors are respectively the first flying capacitor C of the inversion output₄And a second flying capacitor C₅(ii) a The quinary resonant cavity comprises three resonant capacitors C_r1-C_r3Resonant inductor L_rAnd an excitation inductor L_mTrap inductance L_pAnd a capacitor C_pWherein the first resonant capacitor C_r1A second resonant capacitor C_r2And a third resonant capacitor C_r3First flying capacitors C respectively connected with the switched capacitor bridge₄And a second flying capacitor C₅Are connected, and the other ends of the three resonant capacitors are connected at one point and simultaneously connected with the resonant inductor L_rIs connected in series with one end of the resonant inductor L_rAnd the other end of (2) and the excitation inductance L_mIs connected in series with one end of the excitation inductor L_mAnd the other end of (2) and the trap inductance L_pConnected, said trap inductance L_pThe other end of the inductor is connected with the ground wire of the input power supply, and the trap inductor L_pAre also connected to the capacitor C_pTwo ends are connected in parallel; the primary side of the transformer is connected with the excitation inductor of the quinary resonant cavity in parallel, and the secondary side of the transformer is the full-wave rectification module.

The high step-down ratio switch capacitor LCLCLCLCL resonant converter based on the third harmonic wave has the capability of reducing the current loss of the rectifier diode; under the same load effective current, the average current can be reduced to 74 percent; the LCLCL resonant converter system can improve the efficiency again under the original high efficiency condition; the voltage range of the input rear-stage resonant cavity can be effectively compressed through the switched capacitor structure, the volume of the resonant magnetic element can be reduced, and the voltage stress of the switching tube can be reduced; the capacitor charging characteristic of the switched capacitor structure and the weak inductance of the rear-stage resonant cavity can slow down the voltage rising speed of the secondary bus of the rear-stage resonant cavity, the gain of the LCLCLCL resonant converter system has a zero gain point, and an excellent soft start and overcurrent protection scheme can be designed according to the design.

In addition, the third harmonic based high step-down ratio switched capacitor lclclclclcl resonant converter according to the above embodiments of the present invention may also have the following additional technical features:

further, in an embodiment of the present invention, the high step-down ratio switch capacitor lclclclcl resonant converter includes five operation modes, wherein before entering the first operation mode, the junction capacitance C of the switch capacitor bridge_oss1、C_oss3、C_oss5Complete discharge of voltage V_oss1、V_oss3、V_oss5Reduced to 0, i.e. the first switch tube S₁A third switch tube S₃And a fifth switching tube S₅The voltages at the two ends are zero, and the zero-voltage switch ZVS is switched on.

Further, in one embodiment of the invention, the first mode of operation: at t₀At the moment, the first switch tube S₁A second switch tube S₃And a fifth switching tube S₅On, the excitation inductance L_mExcitation current i of_LmAnd the resonance inductance L_rResonant current i of_LrAll flow in opposite directions, and i_LmGreater than i_Lr(ii) a The exciting current i_LmAnd the resonance current i_LrThe difference flows through the primary side of the transformer so that the diode D of the secondary side of the transformer₁Conducting; the excitation inductance L_mThe voltage at both ends is controlled by the output voltage V of the input power supply_oClamping, not participating in resonance, said excitation current i_LmLinear rise(ii) a The resonance inductor L_rAnd the three resonance capacitors C_r1-C_r3Participate in resonance, the resonance current i_LrRises in the form of a sine wave when the resonant current i_LrWhen the value is zero, the working mode is ended.

Further, in an embodiment of the present invention, the second operation mode is: at t₁At the moment, the first switch tube S₁A second switch tube S₃And a fifth switching tube S₅Turn on, the resonant inductor L_rResonant current i of_LrChanging the input end of the input power supply into the positive direction, wherein the three resonant capacitors C are arranged at the input end of the input power supply_r1-C_r3And the resonance inductance L_rCharging; the excitation inductance L_mExcitation current i of_LmAnd the resonance current i_LrThe flowing direction is opposite, and a secondary side diode D of the transformer₁Conducting; the excitation inductance L_mThe voltage at both ends is still controlled by the output voltage V of the input power supply_oClamping, not participating in resonance, said excitation current i_LmLinearly rises when the exciting current i_LmWhen the value is zero, the working mode is ended.

Further, in one embodiment of the present invention, the third operation mode is: at t₂At the moment, the first switch tube S₁A second switch tube S₃And a fifth switching tube S₅On, the excitation inductance L_mExcitation current i of_LmBecomes positive direction, and the exciting current i_LmIs still less than the resonance current i_LrSaid excitation inductance L_mThe voltage at both ends is still controlled by the output voltage V of the input power supply_oClamping, not participating in resonance, at a voltage of nV across it_o。

Further, in an embodiment of the present invention, the fourth operation mode is: at t_3～t₄At time t₃At the moment, the first switch tube S₁A second switch tube S₃And a fifth switching tube S₅On, the excitation inductance L_mExcitation current i of_LmAnd the resonance inductor L_rResonant current i of_LrEqual in size, secondary side diode D of the transformer₁The current in the full-wave rectification module naturally drops to zero, and ZCS switching-off of a diode in the full-wave rectification module is realized; the input end of the input power supply does not carry energy, and the excitation inductor L_mIs no longer supplied by the output voltage V of the input power supply_oClamping; the excitation inductance L_mAnd the three resonance capacitors C_r1-C_r3And the resonance inductance L_rJointly participate in resonance; the series equivalent inductance value in the quinary resonant cavity is (L)_r+L_m) Is far larger than the resonance inductance L_rThe current of the quinary resonant cavity is basically kept unchanged.

Further, in an embodiment of the present invention, the fifth operation mode is: at t_4～t₅At time t₄At the moment, the first switch tube S₁A second switch tube S₃And a fifth switching tube S₅Off, the second switching tube S₂And a fourth switching tube S₄And a sixth switching tube S₆Is not turned on, the circuit is in the dead time t_d(ii) a Since the current of the quinary resonator remains constant i_LrRespectively to the first switch tube S₁Junction capacitance C_oss1The second switch tube S₃Junction capacitance C_oss3The fifth switch tube S₅Junction capacitance C_oss5And the second switch tube S₂Junction capacitance C_oss2The fourth switch tube S₄Junction capacitance C_oss4The sixth switching tube S₆Junction capacitance C_oss6Charging and discharging; when the second switch tube S₂Junction capacitance C_oss2The fourth switch tube S₄Junction capacitance C_oss4The sixth switching tube S₆Junction capacitance C_oss6When the voltage at the two ends of the second switch tube S is reduced to zero, the second switch tube S₂The fourth switch tube S₄The sixth switching tube S₆Is conducted by the body diode of the second switching tube S₂The fourth switch tube S₄The sixth switching tube S₆Providing a zero voltage conduction condition; when driving the signal toWhen coming, the second switch tube S is realized₂The fourth switch tube S₄The sixth switching tube S₆The zero voltage switch ZVS is on.

Further, in an embodiment of the present invention, the dc characteristic of the high step-down ratio switched capacitor lclclclcl resonant converter includes three regions, and when the LCLCL converter is designed, the operating region of the LCLCL converter needs to be set in a first region and a second region, and the LCLCL converter is damaged due to the third region being a capacitive region, where the first region only implements ZVS soft switching, and the second region can implement ZCS soft switching and secondary side rectifier diode turn-off at the same time, so that finally the operating region of the LCLCL converter should be set as the second region.

In order to achieve the above object, another embodiment of the present invention provides a method for designing parameters of a high step-down ratio switched capacitor lclclclcl resonant converter based on a third harmonic, including the following steps: step S1, analyzing the high step-down ratio switch capacitor LCLCLCL resonant converter based on the third harmonic wave to formulate a design index; step S2, calculating the transformer transformation ratio, the gain range and the inductance coefficient based on the design index; step S3, calculating the maximum quality factor of the converter working in the inductance region under the conditions of maximum input voltage and no load based on the design index; step S4, selecting resonance frequency according to the transformer transformation ratio, the gain range, the inductance coefficient and the maximum quality factor to calculate resonance capacitance and resonance inductance; and S5, calculating the excitation inductance based on the soft switching condition in the design index, judging whether the gain requirement is met, outputting the final parameter if the gain requirement is met, and otherwise, iteratively executing the step S2-the step S5 until the gain requirement is met.

The parameter design method of the high step-down ratio switch capacitor LCLCLCL resonant converter based on the third harmonic wave has the capability of reducing the current loss of the rectifier diode; at the same load effective current, the average current can be reduced by 74%; the LCLCL resonant converter system can improve the efficiency again under the original high efficiency condition; the voltage range of the input rear-stage resonant cavity can be effectively compressed through the switched capacitor structure, the volume of the resonant magnetic element can be reduced, and the voltage stress of the switching tube can be reduced; the capacitor charging characteristic of the switched capacitor structure and the weak inductance of the rear-stage resonant cavity can slow down the voltage rising speed of the secondary bus of the rear-stage resonant cavity, the gain of the LCLCLCL resonant converter system has a zero gain point, and an excellent soft start and overcurrent protection scheme can be designed according to the design.

In addition, the parameter design method of the third harmonic based high step-down ratio switched capacitor lclclclcl resonant converter according to the above embodiment of the present invention may further have the following additional technical features:

further, in an embodiment of the present invention, the calculation formula of the resonance capacitance is:

Z₀＝QR_eq

wherein f is_sIs a resonant frequency, C_rIs a resonant capacitor, Z₀For the resonance parameter, Q is the quality factor, R_eqThe equivalent total impedance after the secondary side impedance is converted into the primary side impedance;

the calculation formula of the resonance inductance is as follows:

wherein K is a resonance parameter, omega is a resonance angular frequency, L_pIs a trapped inductance, C_pIs a trap capacitance, L_rIs a resonant inductance, f₀Is a trap capacitance, C_rIs a resonant capacitor.

Additional aspects and advantages of the invention will be set forth in part in the description which follows and, in part, will be obvious from the description, or may be learned by practice of the invention.

Drawings

The foregoing and/or additional aspects and advantages of the present invention will become apparent and readily appreciated from the following description of the embodiments, taken in conjunction with the accompanying drawings of which:

fig. 1 is a topology diagram of a third harmonic based high buck ratio switched capacitor lclclclcl resonant converter in accordance with one embodiment of the present invention;

FIG. 2 is a schematic view of a structural mode of a switched capacitor bridge according to an embodiment of the present invention, (a) is a schematic view of a rear node of a junction of the switched capacitor bridge, and (b) is a switching tube S₁、S₃、S₅In a conducting state, (c) is a switch tube S₂、S₄、S₆Conducting;

FIG. 3 is a schematic of the output voltage of a switched capacitor bridge according to one embodiment of the invention;

FIG. 4 is a diagram of the working mode of a high step-down ratio switched capacitor LCLCLCL resonant converter based on third harmonic wave of one embodiment of the invention;

FIG. 5 is a schematic diagram of the operating region of a third harmonic based high buck ratio switched capacitor LCLCLCL resonant converter;

FIG. 6 is a flow chart of a method for designing parameters of a third harmonic based high buck ratio switched capacitor LCLCLCLCL resonant converter;

FIG. 7 is a switched capacitor bridge capacitance equivalent model of one embodiment of the invention;

fig. 8 is a charge flow diagram of the capacitor under SSL conditions according to an embodiment of the present invention, (a) is a circuit diagram under SSL conditions, (b) is a charge flow mode 1 under SSL conditions, and (c) is a charge flow mode 2 under SSL conditions;

fig. 9 is a charge flow diagram of the switching tube under FSL conditions according to an embodiment of the present invention, wherein (a) is a circuit diagram under FSL conditions, (b) is a charge flow mode 1 under FSL conditions, and (c) is a charge flow mode 2 under FSL conditions;

FIG. 10 is a rectified waveform diagram of an embodiment of the present invention, wherein (a) is a rectified waveform diagram of a conventional LLC topological diode, and (b) is a rectified waveform diagram of an LCLCLCL topological diode;

FIG. 11 is a graph of the output voltage waveform of a switched capacitor bridge according to one embodiment of the invention;

FIG. 12 is a graph of the output voltage waveform of a third harmonic based high buck ratio switched capacitor LCLCLCLCL resonant converter of one embodiment of the present invention;

FIG. 13 is a waveform diagram of the switching tube soft switching in a third harmonic based high buck ratio switched capacitor LCLCLCLCL resonant converter;

fig. 14 shows a rectified diode current waveform of a full-wave rectification module in a third harmonic based high buck ratio switched capacitor lclclclcl resonant converter in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention.

Detailed Description

Reference will now be made in detail to embodiments of the present invention, examples of which are illustrated in the accompanying drawings, wherein like or similar reference numerals refer to the same or similar elements or elements having the same or similar function throughout. The embodiments described below with reference to the drawings are illustrative and intended to be illustrative of the invention and are not to be construed as limiting the invention.

The third harmonic-based high buck ratio switched capacitor lclclcl resonant converter and the parameter design method according to the embodiments of the present invention will be described below with reference to the accompanying drawings, and first, the third harmonic-based high buck ratio switched capacitor lclclclclcl resonant converter according to the embodiments of the present invention will be described with reference to the accompanying drawings.

Fig. 1 is a topology diagram of a third harmonic based high buck ratio switched capacitor lclclclcl resonant converter in accordance with one embodiment of the present invention.

As shown in fig. 1, the resonant converter 10 includes: the circuit comprises an input power supply 100, a switched capacitor bridge 200, a quinary resonant cavity 300, a transformer 400 and a full-wave rectification module 500.

Wherein the switched capacitor bridge 200 comprises six switching tubes S₁-S₆And five capacitors C₁-C₅Six switch tubes are connected in series, the whole switch tube is connected with two ends of the input power supply 100, two ends of every two adjacent switch tubes are connected with a capacitor in parallel, and three capacitors connected with the input bus in series are respectively a first input bus capacitor C₁A second input bus capacitor C₂And a third input bus capacitance C₃And the rest two capacitors are respectively the first flying capacitor C of the inversion output₄And a second flying capacitor C₅. The five-element resonator 300 comprises three resonant capacitors C_r1-C_r3Resonant inductor L_rAnd an excitation inductor L_mTrap inductance L_pAnd a capacitor C_pWherein the first resonant capacitor C_r1A second resonant capacitor C_r2And a third resonant capacitor C_r3First flying capacitors C connected to the switched capacitor bridge 200, respectively₄And a second flying capacitor C₅Are connected at one point, and the other ends of the three resonant capacitors are connected with a resonant inductor L_rOne end of which is connected in series with a resonant inductor L_rAnd the other end of (1) and an excitation inductance L_mOne end of which is connected in series, an excitation inductor L_mAnother end of (1) and a trap inductance L_pConnected, trapped inductance L_pThe other end of the inductor is connected with the ground wire of the input power supply, and the inductor L is trapped_pBoth ends of the capacitor C_pThe two ends are connected in parallel. The primary side of the transformer 400 is connected in parallel with the excitation inductance of the quinary resonant cavity 300, and the secondary side of the transformer 400 is the full-wave rectification module 500.

Further, the switched capacitor structure can play a role in improving the voltage reduction ratio, can automatically equalize voltage, reduce the voltage stress of a switching tube, widen the voltage input range of the converter, reduce the turn ratio and the volume of a magnetic element, and carry out detailed analysis on the structure of the switched capacitor bridge below:

the following assumptions are made about the operating conditions of the switched capacitor bridge:

(1) the working state of the circuit is stable;

(2) input bus capacitor C₁、C₂、C₃And flying capacitor C₄、C₅Are completely the same;

(3) neglecting parasitic parameters of the device, and all the devices are considered as ideal devices;

(4) irrespective of dead time t_d。

As shown in fig. 2, the switch tube and S₂、S₄、S₆The two PWM circuits with 50% complementary duty ratios are respectively used for controlling, so that in a single switching period, the modes of the switched capacitor structure are two types shown in the figure 2. The lower diagram shows a simplified diagram of a switched capacitor structure and the corresponding respectiveA half-cycle modal diagram.

Mode one, as shown in FIG. 2(b), when the switch tube S is turned on and off₁、S₃、S₅When the input bus is in a conducting state, the first input bus capacitor C₁A first flying capacitor C₄Parallel second input bus capacitor C₂And a second flying capacitor C₅In parallel, the parallel capacitors will balance the two voltages dynamically. Because of the first input bus capacitance C₁A second input bus capacitor C₂And a third input bus capacitance C₃The voltage at both ends is inputted with a voltage V_inClamping, so that the third input bus capacitance C₃The voltage at the output end of the switched capacitor is kept stable by discharging to the outside to maintain the balance of the total amount of charges. At this time, V_out1＝V_in、V_out2＝2/3V_in、V_out3＝1/3V_inCorresponding switching tube S₂、S₄、S₆The voltage stress at both ends is 1/3V_in。

Mode two, as shown in FIG. 2(c), when the tube S is switched₂、S₄、S₆When conducting, at the moment, the second input bus capacitor C₂And a first flying capacitor C₄Parallel, third input bus capacitance C₃And a second flying capacitor C₅In parallel connection, the parallel capacitors can balance the voltages of the two capacitors dynamically. Because of the first input bus capacitance C₁A second input bus capacitor C₂And a third input bus capacitance C₃The voltage at both ends is inputted with a voltage V_inClamping, so that the first input bus capacitance C₁The voltage at the output end of the switched capacitor is kept stable by discharging to the outside to maintain the balance of the total amount of charges. At this time, V_out1＝2/3V_in、V_out2＝1/3V_in、V _out30, corresponding switching tube S₁、S₃、S₅The voltage stress at both ends is 1/3V_in。

The three-way output of the switched capacitor flying capacitor is shown in fig. 3, two groups of MOSFETs are alternately turned on at a duty ratio of 0.5, and the input voltage of the resonant network, that is, the output voltage of the switched capacitor, can be written in the form of fourier series, as shown in the following formula:

obviously, although the dc components of the three output voltages are different after fourier decomposition, the sinusoidal components are the same, and the three inputs are isolated by the resonant capacitor, which is not substantially different for the subsequent resonant cavity. The idea of putting it in parallel into the cavity to reduce current stress is feasible.

Therefore, as shown in fig. 4, the working modes of the third harmonic based high step-down ratio switched capacitor lclclclcl resonant converter provided by the present invention are:

first, the embodiment of the present invention mainly includes five working modes, wherein before entering the first working mode, the junction capacitor C of the switched capacitor bridge is switched_oss1、C_oss3、C_oss5Complete discharge of voltage V_oss1、V_oss3、V_oss5Reduced to 0, i.e. the first switch tube S₁A third switch tube S₃And a fifth switching tube S₅And the voltages at the two ends are zero, so that ZVS switching-on is realized.

As shown in fig. 4(a), the first mode of operation: at t₀At the moment, the first switch tube S₁A second switch tube S₃And a fifth switching tube S₅Switch-on and excitation inductance L_mExcitation current i of_LmAnd a resonant inductor L_rResonant current i of_LrAll flow in opposite directions, and i_LmGreater than i_Lr；

Excitation current i_LmAnd resonanceCurrent i_LrThe difference flows through the primary side of the transformer so that the diode D of the secondary side of the transformer₁Conducting;

excitation inductance L_mThe voltages at both ends are input into the output voltage V of the power supply_oClamping, not participating in resonance, exciting current i_LmLinearly increasing;

resonant inductor L_rAnd three resonant capacitors C_r1-C_r3Participating in resonance, resonant current i_LrRises in the form of a sine wave when the resonant current i_LrWhen the value is zero, the working mode is ended;

as shown in fig. 4(b), the second operation mode is: at t₁At the moment, the first switch tube S₁A second switch tube S₃And a fifth switching tube S₅Open, resonant inductor L_rResonant current i of_LrThe input end of the input power supply is changed into a positive direction and is provided with three resonant capacitors C_r1-C_r3And a resonant inductor L_rCharging;

excitation inductance L_mExcitation current i of_LmAnd a resonant current i_LrThe flowing direction is opposite, and a secondary side diode D of the transformer₁Conducting;

excitation inductance L_mThe voltage at both ends is still input into the output voltage V of the power supply_oClamping, not participating in resonance, exciting current i_LmLinearly rising when exciting current i_LmWhen the value is zero, the working mode is ended;

as shown in fig. 4(c), the third mode of operation is: at t₂At the moment, the first switch tube S₁A second switch tube S₃And a fifth switching tube S₅Switch-on and excitation inductance L_mExcitation current i of_LmBecomes positive direction and exciting current i_LmIs still less than the resonant current i_LrExcitation inductance L_mThe voltage at both ends is still input into the output voltage V of the power supply_oClamping, not participating in resonance, at a voltage of nV across it_o；

As shown in fig. 4(d), the fourth mode of operation is: at t_3～t₄At time t₃At the moment, the first switch tube S₁The first stepTwo switching tubes S₃And a fifth switching tube S₅Switch-on and excitation inductance L_mExcitation current i of_LmAnd a resonant inductor L_rResonant current i of_LrSecondary side diode D of transformer with same size₁The current in the full-wave rectification module naturally drops to zero, and ZCS switching-off of a diode in the full-wave rectification module is realized;

the input end of the input power supply does not carry energy transfer any more, and the excitation inductor L_mOutput voltage V no longer input to the power supply_oClamping;

excitation inductance L_mAnd three resonance capacitors C_r1-C_r3And a resonant inductor L_rJointly participate in resonance;

the series equivalent inductance value in the quinary resonant cavity is (L)_r+L_m) Is far greater than the resonant inductance L_rThe current of the quinary resonant cavity is basically kept unchanged;

as shown in fig. 4(e), the fifth mode of operation is: at t_4～t₅At time t₄At the moment, the first switch tube S₁A second switch tube S₃And a fifth switching tube S₅Off, the second switching tube S₂And a fourth switching tube S₄And a sixth switching tube S₆Is not turned on, the circuit is in the dead time t_d；

Since the current of the quinary resonator remains constant, i_LrRespectively to the first switch tube S of the switch tube₁Junction capacitance C_oss1A second switch tube S₃Junction capacitance C_oss3The fifth switch tube S₅Junction capacitance C_oss5And a second switching tube S₂Junction capacitance C_oss2And a fourth switching tube S₄Junction capacitance C_oss4The sixth switching tube S₆Junction capacitance C_oss6Charging and discharging;

when the second switch tube S₂Junction capacitance C_oss2And a fourth switching tube S₄Junction capacitance C_oss4The sixth switching tube S₆Junction capacitance C_oss6When the voltage across the first switch tube S is reduced to zero, the second switch tube S₂And a fourth switching tube S₄The sixth switching tube S₆Body diodeThe tube is conducted and is a second switch tube S₂And a fourth switching tube S₄The sixth switching tube S₆Providing a zero voltage conduction condition;

when the driving signal comes, the second switch tube S is realized₂And a fourth switching tube S₄The sixth switching tube S₆ZVS of (d) is on.

Besides, when the second switch tube S2, the fourth switch tube S4 and the sixth switch tube S6 are turned on, as shown in fig. 4(f) - (j), the corresponding operation mode analysis is similar to the operation mode described above, and will not be described herein again.

Further, for the rear-stage resonant lclclcl topology, the soft-switching operating region of the gain curve needs to be analyzed, and the input impedance formula of the lclclclcl resonator is listed as follows:

wherein K is a resonance parameter, C_pIs a trap capacitance, L_pIs a trapped inductance, L_rIs a resonant inductor, L_mFor exciting inductance, C_rIs a resonant capacitor, R_eqThe equivalent total impedance is obtained by converting the secondary side impedance into the primary side impedance.

The normalized input impedance can be obtained from equation (2):

wherein Z is_inIs an input impedance, Z_inλ is the inductance, f, for the total impedance_nIs a normalized frequency.

Not to let Z_nIs zero and due to Z₀The real number can be used to obtain the decomposition line between the inductive area and the capacitive area of the LCLCLCL resonant system, i.e. the soft switch boundary line.

The expression is as follows:

wherein f is_nzFor normalizing frequency, Q, of input impedance_zAt the maximum value of the quality factor, when actually working, the quality factor is lower than Q_zTime, input impedance V_inIs an inductive impedance. Therefore, the invention obtains the maximum gain curve working in the sensitivity region, and the expression is as follows:

M_max(λ,Q)＝M(f_nZ(λ,Q),λ,Q) (6)

as shown in fig. 5, the maximum gain curve locus is plotted by equation (6), and the soft switching boundary line is obtained. The direct current characteristic of the LCLCLCL resonant converter is divided into an inductive area and a capacitive area, the converter can achieve ZVS turn-on of the switching tube in the inductive area, and can achieve ZCS turn-off of the switching tube in the capacitive area.

At the resonance frequency f_rTo the right of the series resonant converter, the converter has the same characteristics as the series resonant converter. At the resonance frequency f_rOn the left side of the converter, the characteristics of the converter are related to the load conditions, and in case of heavy loads the converter has similar characteristics to the series resonant converter. When the load becomes light, the characteristics of the lclclcl resonant converter may shift towards the parallel resonant converter.

Therefore, the dc characteristic of the lclclcl resonant converter can be divided into three regions, as shown in fig. 5. When designing a converter, the operating region of the converter needs to be designed in region one and region two. And the third area is a capacitive area, and the converter can be damaged when the third area works in the capacitive area.

In region one, the converter operates similar to a series resonant converter. In this region, the excitation inductance L_mClamped by output voltage, and used as load of series resonant converter to participate in operation without being in contact with resonant capacitor C_rParticipate in resonance. Because L is_mWith this inductive load, the LLC converter can operate in an open load condition without the operating frequency being too high. On the other hand, L_mThis inductive load enables the converter to achieve ZVS switching on under any load condition. The LCLCL resonant converter reserves the characteristic of ZVS soft switching of a full-area switching tube, has a zero gain point, widens the voltage regulating range of the resonant converter and can better design an overcurrent protection control system. And the secondary side can realize the turn-on of a primary side switching tube ZVS and simultaneously realize the turn-off of a secondary side rectifier diode ZCS.

Therefore, as shown in fig. 6, based on the above analysis, an embodiment of the present invention further provides a method for designing parameters of a high step-down ratio switched capacitor lclclclclcl resonant converter based on a third harmonic, including the following steps:

and step S1, calculating the transformer transformation ratio, the gain range and the inductance coefficient based on the design index.

Specifically, the upper and lower limits (gain ranges) of the high efficiency gain of the system are determined as follows:

wherein M is_maxFor maximum gain of the system, M_minFor minimum gain of the system, V_OFor the converter output voltage, V_inmaxIs the maximum value of the converter input voltage, V_inminIs the converter input voltage minimum.

Designing the transformer turn ratio of the converter according to the upper gain limit:

wherein N is_pIs the number of turns of the primary coil of the transformer, N_sIs the number of turns of the secondary winding of the transformer, V_FIs a rectifying diode drop.

The inductance is calculated as follows:

wherein f is_maxIs the maximum switching frequency.

Step S2, calculate the maximum quality factor of the converter operating in the inductive region under maximum input voltage and no-load conditions.

Specifically, the formula is:

wherein, T_DAs dead time, f_nmaxTo normalize the maximum value of the switching frequency, C_ossAnd outputting capacitance for the switch tube.

And step S3, selecting resonance frequency according to the transformer transformation ratio, the gain range, the inductance coefficient and the maximum quality factor to calculate resonance capacitance and resonance inductance.

Further, the calculation formula of the resonance capacitance is:

Z₀＝QR_eq (12)

wherein f is_sIs a resonant frequency, C_rIs a resonant capacitor, Z₀For the resonance parameter, Q is the quality factor, R_eqThe equivalent total impedance after the secondary side impedance is converted into the primary side impedance;

the formula for calculating the resonance inductance is:

where K is the resonance parameter, ω is the resonance angular frequency, L_pIs a trapped inductance, C_pIs a trap capacitance, L_rIs a resonant inductance, f₀Is a trap capacitor，C_rIs a resonant capacitor.

And step S4, calculating the excitation inductance according to the soft switching condition, judging whether the gain requirement is met, outputting the final parameter if the gain requirement is met, and otherwise, iteratively executing the step S2-the step S5 until the gain requirement is met.

And calculating resonance capacitance and resonance inductance according to the conditions and the soft switching conditions, calculating trapped wave inductance and capacitance according to trapped wave frequency, and finally calculating excitation inductance according to inductance coefficients.

Finally, the logic is keyed into MATLAB to facilitate multiple calculations. The parameter calculation process is summarized and programmed to realize automatic calculation so as to provide convenience for the design of subsequent parameters, control algorithms, soft start and protection functions.

Furthermore, because the mode of the switch capacitor LCLCLCL resonant converter is more, the resonant cavity state is more complex, and important analysis and research are needed, the invention researches the small signal modeling method of the switch capacitor LCLCL resonant converter based on the extended description function method. An accurate small-signal model is deduced, the design of an optimization compensator is carried out according to the small-signal model, and a PWM and PFM mixed control method is adopted to control the converter, so that the control precision and the light load performance of the converter are improved, and the stable and reliable closed-loop operation function is finally realized. The method comprises the following specific steps:

each switching device in the switched capacitor converter is a hard switch, so that the converter loss is large. By introducing a backward LLC resonance link, ZVS (zero voltage switching) switching-on and low current switching-off of a switching tube can be realized, and the system efficiency is improved. However, the switched capacitor circuit is hard charged, and the charge and discharge loss is not negligible. Therefore, an equivalent model needs to be established for the switched capacitor circuit, the charging and discharging loss of the switched capacitor circuit is analyzed, the charging and discharging loss of the switched capacitor is reduced through optimization of parameter design, and the efficiency of the system is further improved.

The switched capacitor charges and discharges, which causes a voltage drop across the converter. This voltage drop and the output current I_outProportional, and can be expressed as an output resistance R_out. The transformer circuit is used as an equivalent model of the switched capacitor circuit, and the circuitBy an ideal transformer and output resistor R_outAnd (4) forming. The turn ratio of the transformer is equal to the no-load conversion ratio of the switched capacitor circuit. As shown in fig. 7, using an output resistor R_outRepresents the charge and discharge losses in the switched capacitor circuit, which limits the maximum power of the switched capacitor converter.

As shown in fig. 8, the output resistor R_outIs the operating frequency f of the switching tube_rAs a function of (c). With increasing switching frequency, the output resistor R_outTwo limits occur, namely a slow-switching limit SSL and a fast-switching limit FSL. In Slow Switching Limit (SSL) impedance analysis, the model is charge transfer, assuming that the switch tube and all other electrical connections are ideal, there is no resistance, and the current between the input and output terminals and the capacitor is a pulsed current.

Defining a pair of charge multiplier vectors a¹、a²Corresponding to the flow charge generated after the switch is turned off. Each element in the charge multiplier vector corresponds to a particular capacitance or independent voltage source and represents the charge flow into the assembly and is normalized with respect to the output charge flow. The charge multiplier vector can be uniquely calculated using the KCL condition in the topology under each modality and the equal and opposite number of two charge multipliers on each capacitor.

The output impedance R under SSL critical condition can be obtained_SSLComprises the following steps:

it can be seen that the output impedance R is at SSL critical conditions_SSLInversely proportional to the switching frequency.

In the case of the fast switching limit FSL, the resistance of the switches, capacitors and other electrical connections dominates, characterized by a constant current between the capacitors. As shown in fig. 9, in the case of FSL, the capacitance-voltage model is constant. The circuit losses are related only to the conduction losses in the resistive element.

Definition of electric chargeMultiplier

Is the amount of charge that passes through switch i during mode j. When the switch tube is turned on,

the amount of charge that can be considered as a capacitance

Linear combinations of (3). When the switching tube is turned off, the switching tube is turned on,

is 0.

The value of (c) is independent of the duty cycle in steady state.

The average power loss incurred by each individual switching tube is equal to the instantaneous power loss multiplied by its duty cycle. Since the total loss of the switched capacitor converter in FSL is only the sum of the switching losses, the total circuit loss is given by:

it can be seen that the FSL output impedance is determined solely by the component parameters and the switch charge multiplier factor of each switch.

The total output impedance of the switched capacitor converter consists of a Slow Switch Limit (SSL) impedance and a Fast Switch Limit (FSL) impedance. Since they are derived under the assumption of different assumption conditions, they cannot be directly added. Output impedance R of switched capacitor circuit_outThe approximation is:

the efficiency improvement effect of the switched capacitor LCLCLCL resonant converter and the LLC provided by the invention is further verified by building a prototype.

The prototype indexes are as follows:

rated input voltage: 400V;

rated power: 48W;

series resonance frequency: 500KHz (fundamental), 1.5MHz (third harmonic);

parallel resonance frequency: 1 MHz;

efficiency: higher than 90%;

output voltage: 12V;

output voltage ripple: less than 200 mV;

the model number and parameters of the chip selected by the prototype are shown in Table 1.

TABLE 1 chip model and device parameters selected by prototype

As shown in fig. 10(a), according to the fundamental wave analysis method, the rectified waveform of the conventional LLC topology diode approximates to a sine wave. As shown in fig. 10(b), the present invention reduces the loss of the secondary side rectifier diode while introducing third harmonic energy transfer. The mean and valid values for both topologies prove to be as follows:

the waveform of a secondary side diode of the LLC is a half-wave sine, and the LCLCLCL is a half-wave saddle-shaped waveform formed by superposing fundamental waves and third harmonics. Suppose the peak value of the sine fundamental wave is I_mThen the half-wave sine mean and the effective value are calculated as follows:

the mean and effective values of the saddle waveform after third harmonic injection were calculated as follows:

from the equations (19) and (20), it can be seen that the saddle current injected into the third harmonic wave has an effective value increased by 2.22 times and an average value increased by 1.65 times compared with the ordinary half-wave sinusoidal current, which means that the average value of the lclclclclcl resonant converter injected with the third harmonic wave becomes 74% of the average value of the conventional LLC secondary diode current under the same power and same effective value operation condition.

Further, a hardware circuit experiment is carried out by setting up a prototype platform, and the following indexes are realized:

(1) high-efficiency conversion with high voltage reduction ratio and wide input range is realized. As shown in fig. 11, the switched capacitor bridge outputs, as shown in fig. 12, the switched capacitor lclclcl outputs, and each index meets the requirement.

(2) As shown in fig. 13, the switching tubes in the switched capacitor bridge each implement soft switching.

(3) As shown in fig. 14, the secondary side diode implements third harmonic injection.

In summary, the high step-down ratio switch capacitor LCLCLCL resonant converter based on the third harmonic wave and the parameter design method provided by the embodiment of the invention have the capability of reducing the current loss of the rectifier diode; under the same load effective current, the average current can be reduced to 74 percent of the original average current; the LCLCL resonant converter system can improve the efficiency again under the original high efficiency condition; the voltage range of the input rear-stage resonant cavity can be effectively compressed through the switched capacitor structure, the volume of the resonant magnetic element can be reduced, and the voltage stress of the switching tube can be reduced; the capacitor charging characteristic of the switched capacitor structure and the weak inductance of the rear-stage resonant cavity can slow down the voltage rising speed of the secondary bus of the rear-stage resonant cavity, the gain of the LCLCLCL resonant converter system has a zero gain point, and an excellent soft start and overcurrent protection scheme can be designed according to the design.

Furthermore, the terms "first", "second" and "first" are used for descriptive purposes only and are not to be construed as indicating or implying relative importance or implicitly indicating the number of technical features indicated. Thus, a feature defined as "first" or "second" may explicitly or implicitly include at least one such feature. In the description of the present invention, "a plurality" means at least two, e.g., two, three, etc., unless specifically limited otherwise.

In the description herein, references to the description of the term "one embodiment," "some embodiments," "an example," "a specific example," or "some examples," etc., mean that a particular feature, structure, material, or characteristic described in connection with the embodiment or example is included in at least one embodiment or example of the invention. In this specification, the schematic representations of the terms used above are not necessarily intended to refer to the same embodiment or example. Furthermore, the particular features, structures, materials, or characteristics described may be combined in any suitable manner in any one or more embodiments or examples. Furthermore, various embodiments or examples and features of different embodiments or examples described in this specification can be combined and combined by one skilled in the art without contradiction.

Although embodiments of the present invention have been shown and described above, it is understood that the above embodiments are exemplary and should not be construed as limiting the present invention, and that variations, modifications, substitutions and alterations can be made to the above embodiments by those of ordinary skill in the art within the scope of the present invention.

Claims (10)

1. A high step-down ratio switch capacitor LCLCLCL resonant converter based on third harmonic wave is characterized by comprising: an input power supply (100), a switched capacitor bridge (200), a five-membered resonant cavity (300), a transformer (400) and a full-wave rectification module (500), wherein,

the switched capacitor bridge (200) comprises six switching tubes S₁-S₆And five capacitors C₁-C₅Wherein, the six switch tubes are connected in series and integrally connected with two ends of the input power supply (100), and every two switch tubes are connected with each otherTwo ends of adjacent switch tubes are connected with a capacitor in parallel, and three capacitors connected with the input bus in series are respectively a first input bus capacitor C₁A second input bus capacitor C₂And a third input bus capacitance C₃And the rest two capacitors are respectively the first flying capacitor C of the inversion output₄And a second flying capacitor C₅；

The quinary resonant cavity (300) comprises three resonant capacitors C_r1-C_r3Resonant inductor L_rAnd an excitation inductor L_mTrap inductance L_pAnd a trap capacitance C_pWherein the first resonant capacitor C_r1A second resonant capacitor C_r2And a third resonant capacitor C_r3First flying capacitors C respectively connected to the switched capacitor bridge (200)₄And a second flying capacitor C₅Are connected, and the other ends of the three resonant capacitors are connected at one point and simultaneously connected with the resonant inductor L_rIs connected in series with one end of the resonant inductor L_rAnd the other end of (2) and the excitation inductance L_mIs connected in series with one end of the excitation inductor L_mAnd the other end of (2) and the trap inductance L_pConnected, said trap inductance L_pIs connected to the ground of the input power supply (100), and the trap inductance L_pAre also connected to the capacitor C_pTwo ends are connected in parallel;

the primary side of the transformer (400) is connected with the excitation inductor of the quinary resonant cavity (300) in parallel, and the secondary side of the transformer (400) is the full-wave rectification module (500).

2. The LCLCLCL resonant converter with high step-down ratio based on third harmonic wave of claim 1, wherein the LCLCL resonant converter comprises five operation modes, wherein the junction capacitance C of the switch tube of the switched capacitor bridge (200) is higher than the junction capacitance C of the switch tube of the LCL resonant converter before entering the first operation mode_oss1、C_oss3、C_oss5Complete discharge of voltage V_oss1、V_oss3、V_oss5Reduced to 0, i.e. the first switch tube S₁A third switch tube S₃And a fifth switching tube S₅The voltage at both ends is zeroAnd realizing the turn-on of the switching tube ZVS.

3. The third harmonic based high buck ratio switched capacitor lclclcl resonant converter of claim 1 wherein the first mode of operation:

at t₀At the moment, the first switch tube S₁A second switch tube S₃And a fifth switching tube S₅On, the excitation inductance L_mExcitation current i of_LmAnd the resonance inductance L_rResonant current i of_LrAll flow in opposite directions, and i_LmGreater than i_Lr；

The exciting current i_LmAnd the resonance current i_LrThe difference flows through the primary side of the transformer (400) so that the diode D of the secondary side of the transformer (400)₁Conducting;

the excitation inductance L_mThe voltage at both ends is measured by the output voltage V of the input power supply (100)_oClamping, not participating in resonance, said excitation current i_LmLinearly increasing;

the resonance inductor L_rAnd the three resonance capacitors C_r1-C_r3Participate in resonance, the resonance current i_LrRises in the form of a sine wave when the resonant current i_LrWhen the value is zero, the working mode is ended.

4. The LCLCLCL resonant converter with high buck ratio based on third harmonic wave as claimed in claim 1, wherein the second mode of operation is:

at t₁At the moment, the first switch tube S₁A second switch tube S₃And a fifth switching tube S₅Turn on, the resonant inductor L_rResonant current i of_LrChanging to the positive direction, the input end of the input power supply (100) is the three resonance capacitors C_r1-C_r3And the resonance inductance L_rCharging;

the excitation inductance L_mExcitation current i of_LmAnd the resonance current i_LrFlow direction is opposite, the transformer(400) Secondary side diode D of₁Conducting;

the excitation inductance L_mThe voltage at both ends is still controlled by the output voltage V of the input power supply (100)_oClamping, not participating in resonance, said excitation current i_LmLinearly rises when the exciting current i_LmWhen the value is zero, the working mode is ended.

5. The LCLCLCL resonant converter with high buck ratio based on third harmonic wave as claimed in claim 1, wherein the third mode of operation is:

at t₂At the moment, the first switch tube S₁A second switch tube S₃And a fifth switching tube S₅On, the excitation inductance L_mExcitation current i of_LmBecomes positive direction, and the exciting current i_LmIs still less than the resonance current i_LrSaid excitation inductance L_mThe voltage at both ends is still controlled by the output voltage V of the input power supply (100)_oClamping, not participating in resonance, at a voltage of nV across it_o。

6. The third harmonic based high buck ratio switched capacitor lclclcl resonant converter of claim 1 wherein the fourth mode of operation is:

at t_3～t₄At time t₃At the moment, the first switch tube S₁A second switch tube S₃And a fifth switching tube S₅On, the excitation inductance L_mExcitation current i of_LmAnd the resonance inductor L_rResonant current i of_LrEqual in size, secondary side diode D of said transformer (400)₁The current in the full-wave rectification module (500) naturally drops to zero, and ZCS turn-off of a diode in the full-wave rectification module is realized;

the input end of the input power supply (100) is no longer loaded with energy, and the excitation inductor L_mIs no longer supplied by the output voltage V of the input power supply (100)_oClamping;

the excitation inductance L_mAnd the three resonance capacitors C_r1-C_r3And the resonance inductance L_rJointly participate in resonance;

the series equivalent inductance value in the five-element resonant cavity (300) is (L)_r+L_m) Is far larger than the resonance inductance L_rThe current of the five-element resonator (300) remains substantially unchanged.

7. The LCLCLCL resonant converter with high step-down ratio based on third harmonic wave as claimed in claim 1, wherein the fifth mode of operation is:

at t_4～t₅At time t₄At the moment, the first switch tube S₁A second switch tube S₃And a fifth switching tube S₅Off, the second switching tube S₂And a fourth switching tube S₄And a sixth switching tube S₆Is not turned on, the circuit is in the dead time t_d；

I since the current of the five-element resonator (300) remains constant_LrRespectively to the first switch tube S₁Junction capacitance C_oss1The second switch tube S₃Junction capacitance C_oss3The fifth switch tube S₅Junction capacitance C_oss5And the second switch tube S₂Junction capacitance C_oss2The fourth switch tube S₄Junction capacitance C_oss4The sixth switching tube S₆Junction capacitance C_oss6Charging and discharging;

when the second switch tube S₂Junction capacitance C_oss2The fourth switch tube S₄Junction capacitance C_oss4The sixth switching tube S₆Junction capacitance C_oss6When the voltage at the two ends of the second switch tube S is reduced to zero, the second switch tube S₂The fourth switch tube S₄The sixth switching tube S₆Is conducted by the body diode of the second switching tube S₂The fourth switch tube S₄The sixth switching tube S₆Providing a zero voltage conduction condition;

when the driving signal comes, the second switch tube S is realized₂The fourth switch tube S₄The sixth switching tube S₆The zero voltage switch ZVS is on.

8. The LCLCLCL resonant converter based on the third harmonic wave with the high buck ratio as claimed in claim 1, wherein the DC characteristic of the LCLCLCL resonant converter with the high buck ratio includes three regions, and when the LCLCLCL converter is designed, the operation region of the LCLCL converter is required to be set to a first region and a second region, and the LCLCLCL converter is damaged due to the fact that the third region is a capacitive region, wherein the first region only realizes ZVS soft switching, and the second region can simultaneously realize ZCS soft switching of the ZVS soft switching and the secondary side rectifier diode, so that the operation region of the LCLCL converter is set to the second region.

9. A parameter design method for a high step-down ratio switch capacitor LCLCLCL resonant converter based on third harmonic wave is characterized in that the high step-down ratio switch capacitor LCLCL resonant converter based on third harmonic wave of any one of claims 1-8 comprises the following steps:

step S1, calculating the transformation ratio, the gain range and the inductance coefficient of the transformer (400);

step S2, calculating the maximum quality factor of the converter working in the inductance area under the conditions of maximum input voltage and no load;

step S3, selecting resonance frequency according to the transformation ratio of the transformer (400), the gain range, the inductance coefficient and the maximum quality factor to calculate resonance capacitance and resonance inductance;

and step S4, calculating the excitation inductance according to the soft switching condition, judging whether the gain requirement is met, if so, outputting the final parameter, otherwise, iteratively executing the step S2-the step S5 until the gain requirement is met.

10. The method for designing the parameters of the third harmonic based high step-down ratio switched capacitor lclclclcl resonant converter according to claim 9, wherein the calculation formula of the resonant capacitor is:

Z₀＝QR_eq

wherein f is_sIs a resonant frequency, C_rIs a resonant capacitor, Z₀For the resonance parameter, Q is the quality factor, R_eqThe equivalent total impedance after the secondary side impedance is converted into the primary side impedance;

the calculation formula of the resonance inductance is as follows:

where K is the resonance parameter, ω is the resonance angular frequency, L_pIs a trapped inductance, C_pIs a trap capacitance, L_rIs a resonant inductance, f₀Is a trap capacitance, C_rIs a resonant capacitor.

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