CN116638751B - Printing method based on high-temperature and low-temperature dual-material spatial distribution - Google Patents
Printing method based on high-temperature and low-temperature dual-material spatial distribution Download PDFInfo
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- CN116638751B CN116638751B CN202310571470.2A CN202310571470A CN116638751B CN 116638751 B CN116638751 B CN 116638751B CN 202310571470 A CN202310571470 A CN 202310571470A CN 116638751 B CN116638751 B CN 116638751B
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- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 38
- 238000009826 distribution Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 20
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 9
- 229920005989 resin Polymers 0.000 claims abstract description 79
- 239000011347 resin Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 79
- 239000000835 fiber Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 69
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 13
- 239000010410 layer Substances 0.000 claims description 57
- 238000002844 melting Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 230000008018 melting Effects 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000000945 filler Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000011159 matrix material Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000002356 single layer Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000007921 spray Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000005979 thermal decomposition reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 abstract description 6
- 239000011148 porous material Substances 0.000 abstract description 5
- 238000010521 absorption reaction Methods 0.000 abstract description 3
- 238000005470 impregnation Methods 0.000 abstract description 3
- 229920000049 Carbon (fiber) Polymers 0.000 description 7
- 239000004917 carbon fiber Substances 0.000 description 7
- VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N methane Chemical compound C VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 7
- 229920002302 Nylon 6,6 Polymers 0.000 description 6
- 230000009977 dual effect Effects 0.000 description 5
- 239000002131 composite material Substances 0.000 description 4
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 4
- 239000004793 Polystyrene Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229920005669 high impact polystyrene Polymers 0.000 description 3
- 239000004797 high-impact polystyrene Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229920002223 polystyrene Polymers 0.000 description 3
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 2
- UOXJNGFFPMOZDM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-[di(propan-2-yl)amino]ethylsulfanyl-methylphosphinic acid Chemical compound CC(C)N(C(C)C)CCSP(C)(O)=O UOXJNGFFPMOZDM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000000654 additive Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000000996 additive effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000002411 adverse Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000011248 coating agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000011199 continuous fiber reinforced thermoplastic Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000007547 defect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000006866 deterioration Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000011229 interlayer Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920005992 thermoplastic resin Polymers 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
- B29C64/00—Additive manufacturing, i.e. manufacturing of three-dimensional [3D] objects by additive deposition, additive agglomeration or additive layering, e.g. by 3D printing, stereolithography or selective laser sintering
- B29C64/10—Processes of additive manufacturing
- B29C64/106—Processes of additive manufacturing using only liquids or viscous materials, e.g. depositing a continuous bead of viscous material
- B29C64/118—Processes of additive manufacturing using only liquids or viscous materials, e.g. depositing a continuous bead of viscous material using filamentary material being melted, e.g. fused deposition modelling [FDM]
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B33—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING TECHNOLOGY
- B33Y—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING, i.e. MANUFACTURING OF THREE-DIMENSIONAL [3-D] OBJECTS BY ADDITIVE DEPOSITION, ADDITIVE AGGLOMERATION OR ADDITIVE LAYERING, e.g. BY 3-D PRINTING, STEREOLITHOGRAPHY OR SELECTIVE LASER SINTERING
- B33Y10/00—Processes of additive manufacturing
Abstract
The invention provides a printing method based on high-low temperature bi-material spatial distribution, which is characterized in that through setting of filling unit types, continuous fiber pre-impregnated wire parts in a finished piece are covered by resin or short fiber reinforced resin wire parts in a three-dimensional manner on the spatial distribution, so that the performance uniformity regulation and control of the rigidity and the energy absorption of the printed finished piece are realized; simultaneously, high-temperature resin materials and low-temperature resin materials are cooperatively printed to form a high-temperature resin frame of the finished piece, and the low-temperature resin materials in the printed finished piece are subjected to directional heat treatment, so that the internal pores of the finished piece can be closed under the condition that the final forming precision of the finished piece is not affected, the interface bonding effect is optimized, the impregnation degree of continuous fibers is improved, and the mechanical property is improved.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of high-end equipment manufacturing; in particular to a printing method based on high and low temperature bi-material space distribution.
Background
With the development of additive manufacturing technology of continuous fiber reinforced thermoplastic resin matrix composites in recent years, several research teams at home and abroad have introduced series of forming devices, such as COMBOT-1 of fibred tech company in China, mark2 of Mark forged company in U.S., compound A4 of Russian Anisoprint company, and the like. Dual jet printing equipment is also not lacking in market devices and multi-material printing (one print head printing resin or staple fiber reinforced resin filaments, the other printing continuous dry fiber or continuous fiber prepreg filaments) has been achieved, wherein the resin or staple fiber reinforced resin filaments are used for (1) support structure printing and (2) covering the continuous fiber print layer to improve the final part surface quality.
The printing path and the material use of the prior continuous fiber double-nozzle printing scheme have the following characteristics:
(1) the continuous fiber layer is obtained by longitudinally and equally dividing the target product, the continuous fiber prepreg wire part and the resin wire part are subjected to printing path planning based on fixed in-plane distribution rules, the printing layer is used as a variable path arrangement object, the continuous fiber arrangement mode in the continuous fiber layer is fixed, and the sandwich structure is formed by stacking and arranging typical continuous fiber layers and short fiber reinforced resin layers.
(2) The resins used for the resin or the staple fiber reinforced resin filaments and the continuous fiber prepreg filaments are resins with similar temperature characteristics, usually the same resins, such as PLA filaments and continuous carbon fiber reinforced PLA prepreg filaments.
Academic research shows that the continuous fiber double-nozzle printing scheme adopts resin or short fiber reinforced resin wires and continuous fiber prepreg wires for composite printing, and compared with a single fiber composite material wire for printing a workpiece, the addition of the resin or short fiber reinforced resin wires enables the workpiece to have adjustable rigidity and better energy absorption characteristic. But at the same time, new pore defects are introduced, which in turn leads to a deterioration of the interlayer shear properties. For this reason, it is generally desirable in the industry to use heat treatment to close the voids of the article to improve the interfacial bonding state and reduce the adverse effects of the addition of resin or staple fiber reinforced resin filaments.
The following forming limitations exist due to the characteristics of the print path and material usage of the above-described prior continuous fiber dual jet printing scheme:
(1) in the printing path, it is difficult to achieve three-dimensional coating of the continuous fiber prepreg filaments with the resin or the short fiber reinforced resin filaments in spatial distribution, that is, it is inconvenient to uniformly distribute the continuous fiber prepreg filaments and the resin or the short fiber reinforced resin filaments in the longitudinal section of the article, so that it is difficult to sufficiently release the beneficial effects of the short fiber reinforced resin portion in the rigidity adjustment and the energy absorption characteristics of the molded article.
(2) In the heat treatment, the temperature characteristic of the resin matrix is considered to cause the thermal deformation of the workpiece, so that the overall accuracy of the workpiece is reduced, and therefore, the heat treatment temperature is lower, and the pore closing effect is not as expected.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to solve the problems, the invention discloses a printing method based on spatial distribution of high-temperature and low-temperature double materials, and aims to provide a continuous fiber double-nozzle printing spatial path generation scheme which realizes that a workpiece is formed in a mode that continuous fiber prepreg wires are spatially coated with resin or short fiber reinforced resin wires. And on the basis, the high-temperature resin or the short fiber reinforced high-temperature resin wire and the continuous fiber pre-impregnated low-temperature resin wire are adopted for collaborative printing, and the heat treatment effect is improved and the performance of the workpiece is enhanced on the premise of not affecting the integral accuracy of the workpiece by carrying out directional heat treatment on the low-temperature resin.
In order to achieve the above object, the present invention provides the following solutions:
a printing method based on high and low temperature bi-material space distribution comprises the following steps:
step 1: setting a printing width w, a printing layer thickness t, a printing wall thickness l and a filling unit body type;
step 2: carrying out horizontal slicing on a target workpiece by using a printing layer thickness t, extracting contour shape information sets { Ci }, shrinking wall thickness l of each contour layer to obtain filling domain information sets { Ri }, dividing filling domains { Ri } of each layer by using a width w, and finally uniformly dividing each sliced layer into a geometric set { Mi } formed by a rectangular filling strip and a rectangular wall, wherein the set formed by all rectangular filling strips of each layer is a filling body { Si };
step 3: filling the filling body { Si } in the order from top to bottom and from left to right with the selected unit body type;
step 4: the central line of each geometric shape in the extracted geometric set { Mi } is a section of printing path, and the connection sequence of the printing paths is as follows: the single-layer printing path is sequentially connected from the bottom layer to the top layer to form an integral printing path of the target workpiece;
step 5: the outer wall path mark is made of resin or short fiber reinforced resin; in the step 3, the resin or short fiber reinforced resin wire and the continuous fiber prepreg wire in the unit body are respectively marked in the respective printing paths; in the step 3, the paths corresponding to the parts which are not filled with the filling bodies { Si }, which are marked as resin or short fiber reinforced resin materials, cannot be filled with the unit bodies; and finishing marking of all the printing path materials, namely finishing the printing head marks corresponding to each section of printing path.
Furthermore, the resin or the short fiber reinforced resin material is high-temperature resin, the resin matrix of the continuous fiber prepreg wire is low-temperature resin, and the thermal decomposition temperature of the low-temperature resin is higher than the melting point of the high-temperature resin. The selection of the materials can construct a whole frame of the workpiece composed of high-temperature resin, uniformly cover the continuous fiber pre-impregnated wires, and directionally heat treat the low-temperature resin of the continuous fiber pre-impregnated wires in the post-treatment, so that the internal pores of the workpiece can be closed under the condition of not affecting the final forming precision of the workpiece, and the impregnation degree of the continuous fibers can be improved.
Further, the filling unit body set in the continuous fiber double-nozzle printing space path generation scheme is of a rectangular structure formed by rectangular filling strips in the step 2, each rectangular filling strip is marked with a corresponding material, and according to different distributions of resin or short fiber reinforced resin wires and continuous fiber prepreg wires, the unit body has three design structures:
(1) 3X 3 unit body
A first layer: low temperature, high temperature and low temperature,
a second layer: high temperature, low temperature and high temperature,
third layer: low temperature, high temperature, low temperature;
the spatial distribution ratio of the high/low temperature materials in the corresponding unit body is 4:5, a step of;
(2) 4 x 4 unit body
A first layer: low temperature, high temperature and low temperature,
a second layer: high temperature, low temperature and high temperature,
third layer: high temperature, low temperature and high temperature,
fourth layer: low temperature, high temperature, low temperature;
the spatial distribution ratio of the high/low temperature materials in the corresponding unit body is 5:5, a step of;
(3) 5X 5 unit body
A first layer: low temperature, high temperature, low temperature,
a second layer: high temperature, low temperature, high temperature,
third layer: high temperature, low temperature, high temperature,
fourth layer: high temperature, low temperature, high temperature,
fifth layer: low temperature, high temperature, low temperature.
The space distribution ratio of the high/low temperature materials in the corresponding unit body is 13:12;
the three design unit body structures can realize that the continuous fiber pre-impregnated wire material part in the product is coated by resin or short fiber reinforced resin wire material part in spatial distribution in a three-dimensional and uniform way, namely, the spatial distribution ratio of high/low temperature materials is 50 percent, but the applicability to the shape and the size of the product is weakened in sequence.
Further, after printing is completed, the temperature range of heat treatment of the sample is set between the melting point of the low-temperature resin and the melting point of the high-temperature resin, and the heating time is determined according to the size of the formed sample, and is at least 3 hours.
The beneficial effects of the invention are as follows:
(1) Providing a continuous fiber double-nozzle printing space path generation scheme, and enabling a continuous fiber pre-impregnated wire part in a product to be covered by resin or short fiber reinforced resin wire parts in a three-dimensional manner on space distribution through setting of filling unit types, so as to realize performance uniformity regulation and control of rigidity and energy absorptivity of the printed product;
(2) Based on the provided continuous fiber double-nozzle printing space path generation scheme, high-temperature resin materials and low-temperature resin materials are cooperatively printed to form a high-temperature resin frame of a finished piece, and the directional heat treatment of the low-temperature resin materials in the printed finished piece can realize the effect of closing the inner pores of the finished piece, optimizing the interface bonding effect, improving the impregnation degree of the continuous fiber and improving the mechanical property under the condition of not affecting the final forming precision of the finished piece.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a schematic diagram of three design structural units related to a continuous fiber dual-nozzle printing space path generation scheme in the invention: (a) 3X 3 unit cell, (b) 4X 4 unit cell, and (c) 5X 5 unit cell.
Fig. 2 is a schematic diagram of geometric slicing of a slice in step 2 of the continuous fiber dual-nozzle printing space path generation scheme in the present invention.
FIG. 3 is a schematic illustration of the filler { Si } in step 2 of the continuous fiber dual jet printing spatial path generation scheme of the present invention.
Fig. 4 is a schematic diagram of step 4 of the continuous fiber dual jet printing space path generation scheme of the present invention.
FIG. 5 is a schematic diagram of step 5 of the continuous fiber dual jet print spatial path generation scheme of the present invention.
Detailed Description
The present invention is further illustrated in the following drawings and detailed description, which are to be understood as being merely illustrative of the invention and not limiting the scope of the invention. It should be noted that the words "front", "rear", "left", "right", "upper" and "lower" used in the following description refer to directions in the drawings, and the words "inner" and "outer" refer to directions toward or away from, respectively, the geometric center of a particular component.
The target article was a 9×5×2.25mm cube, using a high temperature material of a short carbon fiber reinforced PA66 (nylon 66) composite wire and a low temperature material of a continuous carbon fiber reinforced HIPS (impact-resistant polystyrene) prepreg wire.
The generation scheme of the printing space path of the continuous fiber double spray heads adopted by the embodiment is as follows:
step 1: setting a printing width w=1 mm, a printing layer thickness t=0.25 mm, a printing wall thickness l=1 mm, and a filling unit type selection 3×3 unit, as shown in fig. 1 (a);
step 2: carrying out horizontal slicing on a target workpiece by using a printing layer thickness t=0.25 mm, extracting contour shape information sets { Ci }, shrinking wall thickness l=1 mm of each layer contour, obtaining filling domain information sets { Ri } of each layer, dividing each layer of filling domain { Ri } by using a width w=1 mm, and finally uniformly dividing each slice layer into a geometric set { Mi } formed by a rectangular wall and a plurality of rectangular filling strips, wherein the set formed by all rectangular filling strips of each layer is a filling body { Si }, as shown in figures 2-3;
step 3: filling the filling body { Si } in the order from top to bottom and from left to right with the selected unit body type;
step 4: the central line of each geometric shape in the extracted geometric set { Mi } is a section of printing path, and the connection sequence of the printing paths is as follows: the single layer is connected to the filling domain path from the outer wall path, wherein the filling domain path is sequentially connected from left to right, and the single layer printing path is sequentially connected from the bottom layer to the top layer, so that the whole printing path of the target workpiece is formed, as shown in fig. 4;
step 5: the outer wall path mark is made of short carbon fiber reinforced HIPS (impact-resistant polystyrene) material; in the step 3, a short carbon fiber reinforced PA66 (nylon 66) part and a continuous carbon fiber reinforced HIPS (impact-resistant polystyrene) prepreg wire part in the unit body are respectively marked into respective printing paths; in the step 3, the paths corresponding to the parts, which are not filled with the filling bodies { Si }, of the unit bodies cannot be marked as short carbon fiber reinforced PA66 (nylon 66) materials; the marking of all the printing path materials is finished, namely the marking of the printing heads corresponding to each section of printing path is finished, as shown in fig. 5.
And after the printing is finished according to the printing scheme, performing heat treatment on the workpiece, wherein the parameters are set to be the heating temperature of 210 ℃ and the heating time of 3 hours.
The technical means disclosed by the scheme of the invention is not limited to the technical means disclosed by the embodiment, and also comprises the technical scheme formed by any combination of the technical features.
Claims (3)
1. A printing method based on high and low temperature bi-material space distribution is characterized in that the adopted continuous fiber bi-spray head printing space path generation steps are as follows:
step 1: setting a printing width w, a printing layer thickness t, a printing wall thickness l and a filling unit body type;
step 2: horizontal slicing is carried out on the target workpiece by using the printing layer thickness t, and contour shape information set { C of each layer is extracted i Each layer profile is contracted in wall thickness l, and a filling domain information set { R ] corresponding to each layer is obtained i Dividing each layer of filling domain { R } by width w i Finally, the slice layers are uniformly cut into a geometric set { M } consisting of a circular wall and a plurality of rectangular filling strips i A set of all rectangular filler strips of each layer is a filler { S } i -a }; the filling unit body set in the adopted continuous fiber double-nozzle printing space path generation scheme is of a rectangular structure formed by rectangular filling strips in the step 2, each rectangular filling strip is marked with corresponding materials, and according to different distributions of resin or short fiber reinforced resin wires and continuous fiber prepreg wires, the unit body has three design structures:
(1) 3X 3 unit body
A first layer: low temperature, high temperature and low temperature,
a second layer: high temperature, low temperature and high temperature,
third layer: low temperature, high temperature, low temperature;
(2) 4 x 4 unit body
A first layer: low temperature, high temperature and low temperature,
a second layer: high temperature, low temperature and high temperature,
third layer: high temperature, low temperature and high temperature,
fourth layer: low temperature, high temperature, low temperature;
(3) 5X 5 unit body
A first layer: low temperature, high temperature, low temperature,
a second layer: high temperature, low temperature, high temperature,
third layer: high temperature, low temperature, high temperature,
fourth layer: high temperature, low temperature, high temperature,
fifth layer: low temperature, high temperature, low temperature;
step 3: filling body { S } with selected unit body type i Filling in the order from top to bottom, left to right;
step 4: extracting geometric set { M ] i The center line of each geometric shape in the sequence is a section of printing path, and the connection sequence of the printing paths is as follows: the single-layer printing path is sequentially connected from the bottom layer to the top layer to form an integral printing path of the target workpiece;
step 5: the outer wall path mark is made of resin or short fiber reinforced resin; in the step 3, the resin or short fiber reinforced resin wire and the continuous fiber prepreg wire in the unit body are respectively marked in the respective printing paths; in step 3, the unit body cannot align with the filler { S } i The path corresponding to the part filled is marked as resin or short fiber reinforced resin material; and finishing marking of all the printing path materials, namely finishing the printing head marks corresponding to each section of printing path.
2. The printing method based on the spatial distribution of high and low temperature double materials according to claim 1, wherein the resin or the short fiber reinforced resin material is high temperature resin, the resin matrix of the continuous fiber prepreg wire is low temperature resin, and the thermal decomposition temperature of the low temperature resin is higher than the melting point of the high temperature resin.
3. The printing method based on the spatial distribution of high and low temperature double materials according to claim 1, wherein after printing, the temperature range of heat treatment on the sample is set between the melting point of low temperature resin and the melting point of high temperature resin.
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