CN116624862A - Biomass gasification synthetic gas direct-combustion heat supply device and processing method - Google Patents
Biomass gasification synthetic gas direct-combustion heat supply device and processing method Download PDFInfo
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- 238000002309 gasification Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 84
- 239000002028 Biomass Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 76
- 238000002485 combustion reaction Methods 0.000 title claims description 120
- 238000003672 processing method Methods 0.000 title abstract description 13
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 58
- 238000003786 synthesis reaction Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 58
- 239000000428 dust Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 28
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 28
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 27
- 230000005540 biological transmission Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 claims description 216
- UGFAIRIUMAVXCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon monoxide Chemical compound [O+]#[C-] UGFAIRIUMAVXCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 34
- 239000003546 flue gas Substances 0.000 claims description 33
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 claims description 10
- 230000003750 conditioning effect Effects 0.000 claims description 9
- 238000000926 separation method Methods 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000000567 combustion gas Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000003610 charcoal Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000012528 membrane Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000000151 deposition Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000007599 discharging Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000001914 filtration Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000012856 packing Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000002203 pretreatment Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 abstract description 6
- 238000000746 purification Methods 0.000 abstract description 4
- 239000002737 fuel gas Substances 0.000 description 13
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 9
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 9
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 6
- MWUXSHHQAYIFBG-UHFFFAOYSA-N nitrogen oxide Inorganic materials O=[N] MWUXSHHQAYIFBG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 238000000197 pyrolysis Methods 0.000 description 6
- 230000008901 benefit Effects 0.000 description 5
- 238000010248 power generation Methods 0.000 description 5
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 238000013461 design Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000009826 distribution Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000002918 waste heat Substances 0.000 description 3
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 238000004458 analytical method Methods 0.000 description 2
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000005265 energy consumption Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000000446 fuel Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000012423 maintenance Methods 0.000 description 2
- VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N methane Chemical compound C VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000000047 product Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000004064 recycling Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000010992 reflux Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000000779 smoke Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000009825 accumulation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000000903 blocking effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910002091 carbon monoxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000004140 cleaning Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000003034 coal gas Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000000354 decomposition reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008021 deposition Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000001514 detection method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007613 environmental effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000010881 fly ash Substances 0.000 description 1
- WABPQHHGFIMREM-UHFFFAOYSA-N lead(0) Chemical compound [Pb] WABPQHHGFIMREM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229920002521 macromolecule Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000002075 main ingredient Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000003345 natural gas Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000003209 petroleum derivative Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000008234 soft water Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000006467 substitution reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000013589 supplement Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000004083 survival effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000026676 system process Effects 0.000 description 1
Classifications
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
- F23B—METHODS OR APPARATUS FOR COMBUSTION USING ONLY SOLID FUEL
- F23B90/00—Combustion methods not related to a particular type of apparatus
- F23B90/04—Combustion methods not related to a particular type of apparatus including secondary combustion
- F23B90/06—Combustion methods not related to a particular type of apparatus including secondary combustion the primary combustion being a gasification or pyrolysis in a reductive atmosphere
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10J—PRODUCTION OF PRODUCER GAS, WATER-GAS, SYNTHESIS GAS FROM SOLID CARBONACEOUS MATERIAL, OR MIXTURES CONTAINING THESE GASES; CARBURETTING AIR OR OTHER GASES
- C10J3/00—Production of combustible gases containing carbon monoxide from solid carbonaceous fuels
- C10J3/02—Fixed-bed gasification of lump fuel
- C10J3/20—Apparatus; Plants
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10J—PRODUCTION OF PRODUCER GAS, WATER-GAS, SYNTHESIS GAS FROM SOLID CARBONACEOUS MATERIAL, OR MIXTURES CONTAINING THESE GASES; CARBURETTING AIR OR OTHER GASES
- C10J3/00—Production of combustible gases containing carbon monoxide from solid carbonaceous fuels
- C10J3/72—Other features
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10J—PRODUCTION OF PRODUCER GAS, WATER-GAS, SYNTHESIS GAS FROM SOLID CARBONACEOUS MATERIAL, OR MIXTURES CONTAINING THESE GASES; CARBURETTING AIR OR OTHER GASES
- C10J3/00—Production of combustible gases containing carbon monoxide from solid carbonaceous fuels
- C10J3/72—Other features
- C10J3/723—Controlling or regulating the gasification process
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10J—PRODUCTION OF PRODUCER GAS, WATER-GAS, SYNTHESIS GAS FROM SOLID CARBONACEOUS MATERIAL, OR MIXTURES CONTAINING THESE GASES; CARBURETTING AIR OR OTHER GASES
- C10J3/00—Production of combustible gases containing carbon monoxide from solid carbonaceous fuels
- C10J3/72—Other features
- C10J3/82—Gas withdrawal means
- C10J3/84—Gas withdrawal means with means for removing dust or tar from the gas
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F22—STEAM GENERATION
- F22B—METHODS OF STEAM GENERATION; STEAM BOILERS
- F22B31/00—Modifications of boiler construction, or of tube systems, dependent on installation of combustion apparatus; Arrangements of dispositions of combustion apparatus
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F22—STEAM GENERATION
- F22B—METHODS OF STEAM GENERATION; STEAM BOILERS
- F22B37/00—Component parts or details of steam boilers
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
- F23L—SUPPLYING AIR OR NON-COMBUSTIBLE LIQUIDS OR GASES TO COMBUSTION APPARATUS IN GENERAL ; VALVES OR DAMPERS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR CONTROLLING AIR SUPPLY OR DRAUGHT IN COMBUSTION APPARATUS; INDUCING DRAUGHT IN COMBUSTION APPARATUS; TOPS FOR CHIMNEYS OR VENTILATING SHAFTS; TERMINALS FOR FLUES
- F23L15/00—Heating of air supplied for combustion
- F23L15/04—Arrangements of recuperators
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10J—PRODUCTION OF PRODUCER GAS, WATER-GAS, SYNTHESIS GAS FROM SOLID CARBONACEOUS MATERIAL, OR MIXTURES CONTAINING THESE GASES; CARBURETTING AIR OR OTHER GASES
- C10J2300/00—Details of gasification processes
- C10J2300/09—Details of the feed, e.g. feeding of spent catalyst, inert gas or halogens
- C10J2300/0913—Carbonaceous raw material
- C10J2300/0916—Biomass
Landscapes
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Oil, Petroleum & Natural Gas (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Thermal Sciences (AREA)
- Combustion Of Fluid Fuel (AREA)
Abstract
The invention relates to a biomass gasification synthetic gas direct-fired heating device and a processing method, and belongs to the field of environment-friendly equipment and technology. The device comprises an updraft gasifier for generating synthesis gas, wherein the updraft gasifier is communicated with a cyclone dust collector through a synthesis gas pipeline; the cyclone dust collector is communicated with a direct-fired boiler burner through a synthetic gas pipeline, and the direct-fired boiler burner is communicated to an integrated direct-fired boiler; air is communicated to the integrated direct-fired boiler through an air pipeline; the integrated direct-fired boiler is also divided into two paths of outward gas transmission through air pipelines, one path of air pipeline is communicated with the upper suction type gasifier, and the other path of air pipeline is communicated with the integrated direct-fired boiler in a backflow manner. According to the invention, the updraft gasifier is adopted for biomass gasification, and the quality of the synthesis gas is improved by controlling the outlet temperature of the gasifier, so that the problems of poor quality, and difficult subsequent purification and utilization of the synthesis gas commonly existing in the existing biomass gasification process are solved.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to a biomass gasification synthetic gas direct-fired heating device and a processing method, and belongs to the field of environment-friendly equipment and technology.
Background
Biomass energy is always an important energy source for human survival, is an energy source which is inferior to coal, petroleum and natural gas and occupies the fourth energy source in the total world energy consumption, and plays an important role in the whole energy system. The biomass energy has the remarkable characteristics of rich resources, capability of being converted into clean fuel, being the only renewable energy source capable of being stored and transported, being the only renewable carbon source, and the like.
Biomass gasification technology is one of the most important utilization routes of biomass energy. The biomass gasification modes are classified into various modes according to the structure of the gasification furnace, and the gasification furnace used comprises an updraft type gasification furnace, a downdraft type gasification furnace, an open type gasification furnace, a fluidized bed gasification furnace and the like. At present, the gasification mode generally faces the problems of unstable gasification exhaust temperature control, poor synthesis gas quality, difficult synthesis gas utilization, large investment, poor economic benefit and the like.
The prior art CN104830377B discloses a biomass pyrolysis gasification combustion sectional conversion biochar/steam co-production device and process, which utilizes a two-stage separation device to realize separation of biochar and fuel gas, so as to obtain high-quality biochar, the separated high-temperature fuel gas is sent to a low-heat value combustion chamber for combustion, and high-temperature flue gas generated by combustion is sent to a steam generation device for steam production. In the technology, a multistage separation, carbon separation device and a combustion treatment device are adopted, a plurality of pipelines are added, the gas conveying efficiency is low, the heat consumption is high in the whole treatment process, and the energy saving rate is low.
In the prior art CN102643676B gas reflux combustion self-heating biomass pyrolysis gasification method, the waste heat of the produced gas is utilized to prepare superheated steam from the steam produced by the evaporator to supplement heat for the interior of the furnace, and the gas produced by the reflux part is fed into the furnace to be combusted to provide heat for gasification reaction. The combustible gas generated in the reaction furnace passes through the coil pipe superheater in the furnace and the evaporator outside the furnace in sequence to enter the cooler, so that the waste heat of the combustible gas is fully utilized to prepare superheated steam required in the gasification process. The main purpose in the technology is to produce synthesis gas, and to optimize the structure of the gasification furnace for producing synthesis gas II, and optimize the mode of steam production in the latter half of heat compensation in the furnace.
The prior art CN105441134A provides a system and a method for a biomass pyrolysis gas combustion-supporting direct-fired boiler process, wherein the system comprises a biomass pyrolysis gasifier, a biomass charcoal collecting system, a high-temperature dust removal purifying system, a biomass gas combustion system and a direct-fired boiler system. The biomass charcoal is generated by utilizing the existing direct-fired boiler system, the power is obtained for the direct-fired boiler at the rear end through steam turbine power generation, the energy utilization is performed in a power generation mode, the power generation is performed after the synthesis gas is completely used for producing steam through the direct-fired boiler, no specific equipment structure and combustion mode are provided, and the power generation benefit is low.
The biomass gasification furnace at the front end produces a first product: biomass charcoal; the direct-fired boiler at the rear end obtains a second product through a steam turbine generator unit: and (5) electric power.
According to the above overview, there are several problems with the biomass gasification process at present:
1. the partial biomass gasification furnace has low synthetic gas outlet temperature, the generated synthetic gas has poor quality, and the combustion utilization can be realized only after the complex purification process is carried out, for example, high-temperature multistage dust removal and the like are adopted, so that the investment and the energy consumption of the system are increased.
2. The synthesis gas generated by the gasification furnace inevitably contains macromolecular tar, and in the direct combustion process of the synthesis gas, the synthesis gas is easy to burn incompletely due to the limited space of a burning high-temperature area, so that black smoke is generated.
3. Biomass fuels generally contain higher nitrogen, a large amount of fuel-type NOx can be generated in the gasification process, and the subsequent processes are not processed, so that the NOx emissions of the system are easily out of standard.
4. Because of the limitation of raw material yield supply and gasifier technology, the biomass gasifier is generally small in treatment scale, so that certain economic benefits are difficult to generate for the production, collection and sales of synthesis gas or for online power generation.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the problems faced by the existing biomass gasification system and industry, the invention provides a biomass gasification synthetic gas direct-fired heating device and a processing method, and provides a biomass gasification synthetic gas direct-fired heating system and a processing method, which adopt an updraft gasifier to gasify biomass, ensure the outlet temperature of the gasifier through air preheating, process regulation and control and the like, improve the quality of the synthetic gas, and ensure the complete reaction and standard discharge of the synthetic gas through the design of a direct-fired boiler burner and a two-stage combustion mode, thereby forming the biomass gasification synthetic gas direct-fired heating system and method.
The invention adopts the following technical scheme:
the invention relates to a biomass gasification synthetic gas direct-fired heating device, which comprises
An updraft gasifier for generating syngas, the updraft gasifier passing through a top packing;
an integrated direct-fired boiler for mixing combustion gases;
cyclone dust collector for filtering gas;
a direct-fired boiler burner for mixing combustion gases;
the updraft gasifier is communicated with the cyclone dust collector through a synthetic gas pipeline;
the cyclone dust collector is communicated with the direct-fired boiler burner through a synthetic gas pipeline, and the direct-fired boiler burner is communicated to the integrated direct-fired boiler;
air is communicated to the integrated direct-fired boiler through an air pipeline; the integrated direct-fired boiler is further divided into two paths of outward gas transmission through air pipelines, one path of air pipeline is communicated to the updraft gasifier, and the other path of air pipeline is communicated with the integrated direct-fired boiler in a backflow mode.
According to the biomass gasification synthetic gas direct-fired heating device, the integrated direct-fired boiler is communicated with the updraft gasifier, and the air pipe is led in from the bottom end of the updraft gasifier; the side wall of the combustion chamber of the updraft gasifier is provided with a burner, the burner is provided with two gas path interface ends, one interface end is connected with an air pipeline for conveying air outwards by the integrated direct-fired boiler, and the other interface end is connected with a cyclone dust collector through a synthetic gas separation pipeline.
The biomass gasification synthetic gas direct-combustion heat supply device provided by the invention is characterized in that the integrated direct-combustion boiler is divided into a synthetic gas combustion area, a steam generation area and an air pre-area; the gas output end of the direct-fired boiler burner is communicated with the synthesis gas combustion zone; the air pre-heater of the integrated direct-fired boiler is respectively communicated with an input air pipeline and an output air pipeline, and the output air pipeline is respectively communicated with an updraft gasifier and a direct-fired boiler burner;
a steam generator is assembled in the steam generation area, and the steam generator adopts a membrane wall structure; and an air preheater is assembled in the air preheater zone, and the air preheater adopts a coil pipe type heat exchanger structure.
The biomass gasification synthetic gas direct-combustion heat supply device is characterized in that a synthetic gas combustion zone of the integrated direct-combustion boiler is provided with a direct-combustion boiler air inlet for secondary air delivery; the direct-fired boiler air inlet is also communicated with an output air pipeline of the integrated direct-fired boiler.
According to the biomass gasification synthetic gas direct-combustion heat supply device, the air inlet of the direct-combustion boiler is cut into the synthetic gas combustion zone along the radial direction of the integrated direct-combustion boiler, and the axial center line of the air inlet of the direct-combustion boiler is not overlapped with the radial line of the inner diameter of the synthetic gas combustion zone.
According to the biomass gasification synthetic gas direct-combustion heat supply device, the air inlet of the direct-combustion boiler is obliquely embedded into the synthetic gas combustion zone of the integrated direct-combustion boiler, and the included angle between the axial center line of the air inlet of the direct-combustion boiler and the horizontal radial line of the synthetic gas combustion zone is 5-15 degrees; the number of the direct-fired boiler air inlets is at least four, and the axial center lines between the direct-fired boiler air inlets and the adjacent direct-fired boiler air inlets are mutually perpendicular to form intersecting points to form right angles or included angles.
The invention relates to a biomass gasification synthetic gas direct-combustion heating device, wherein a direct-combustion boiler burner or a burner comprises an air pipe, an ignition tube, a synthetic gas pipeline, a combustion-supporting pipeline and a swirl plate; the air pipe is communicated with the ignition tube, the swirl plate is arranged at the joint of the air pipe and the ignition tube, the synthetic gas pipeline passes through the swirl plate from the air pipe and is introduced into the ignition tube, the combustion-supporting pipeline is sleeved in the synthetic gas pipeline, and the synthetic gas pipeline is provided with vent holes on the pipe wall of the air pipe; one end of the synthesis gas pipeline is conical, a nozzle of the combustion-supporting pipeline extends to the outside of the conical end of the synthesis gas pipe, and the nozzle of the combustion-supporting pipeline adopts an annular necking nozzle; the ignition tube is used for being connected into an updraft gasifier or an integrated direct-fired boiler.
According to the biomass gasification synthetic gas direct-combustion heat supply device, the synthetic gas distribution pipeline of the combustor is connected to the synthetic gas pipeline at the output end of the cyclone dust collector.
According to the direct-fired heating device for the substance gasification synthetic gas, the bin and the feeder are arranged at the top feed inlet of the updraft gasifier.
The processing method of the biomass gasification synthetic gas direct-combustion heat supply device comprises the following steps:
s1, feeding the raw materials into an updraft gasifier for gasification through a bin and a feeder after crushing pretreatment; injecting air into the updraft gasifier, burning to generate synthetic gas, and depositing biomass charcoal generated by burning into the updraft gasifier;
s2, conveying the synthesis gas from a synthesis gas pipeline to a cyclone dust collector; after passing through the cyclone dust collector, the mixture is conveyed to a direct-fired boiler burner for primary mixed combustion;
s3, after the direct-fired boiler burner burns, the gas contains burnt-out flue gas and unburnt synthetic gas; delivering the burnt-out flue gas and the unburnt synthetic gas into a synthetic gas combustion zone of the integrated direct-fired boiler for secondary combustion; after combustion, generating burnt-out high-temperature flue gas;
s4, conveying the high-temperature flue gas burnt out in the synthetic gas combustion zone to a steam generation zone to generate industrial steam;
s5, conveying the partially burnt high-temperature flue gas to the air pre-conditioning area, and discharging the flue gas outwards by external equipment of the air pre-conditioning area.
According to the processing method of the biomass gasification synthetic gas direct-fired heat supply device, in the step S1, external air is conveyed into the air pre-zone from the input air pipeline, the air is heated by the air pre-heater in the air pre-zone, and then the air is injected from the bottom of the updraft gasifier through the output air pipeline.
The invention relates to a processing method of a biomass gasification synthetic gas direct-fired heating device, which comprises the following steps of: the synthesis gas generated in the updraft gasifier moves upwards, is filtered and dedusted by the cyclone dust collector, is conveyed to the direct-fired boiler burner, and is mixed with external air injected into the direct-fired boiler burner through the integrated direct-fired boiler air pre-zone for primary combustion with the synthesis gas.
The invention relates to a processing method of a biomass gasification synthetic gas direct-fired heating device, which comprises the following steps of: after primary combustion, the burnt-off flue gas and the unburnt synthetic gas are conveyed to a synthetic gas combustion zone in the integrated direct-fired boiler; at the moment, the gas inlet of the direct-fired boiler injects gas into the synthetic gas combustion area in the integrated direct-fired boiler, so that a rotational flow field is formed in the synthetic gas combustion area in the integrated direct-fired boiler, and after the burnt flue gas and the unburnt synthetic gas enter the rotational flow field, the mixing degree of the burnt flue gas and the unburnt synthetic gas with air is increased, and secondary full combustion is performed.
According to the processing method of the biomass gasification synthetic gas direct-fired heat supply device, in the step S1, after the updraft gasifier starts, a burner on the updraft gasifier stops working.
The beneficial effects are that:
the biomass gasification synthetic gas direct-combustion heat supply device provided by the invention adopts the updraft gasifier to gasify biomass, and improves the quality of synthetic gas by controlling the outlet temperature of the gasifier, so that the problems of poor quality of synthetic gas and difficult subsequent purification and utilization commonly existing in the existing biomass gasification process are solved. The design and two-stage combustion mode of the direct-fired boiler burner are optimized, and the complete reaction, standard emission and stable operation of the system of the gasification furnace outlet synthesis gas are practically ensured.
The biomass gasification synthetic gas direct-combustion heat supply device provided by the invention is optimized aiming at the internal structure of the burner, the inner pipe of the synthetic gas pipeline of the burner is provided with the auxiliary fuel gas and is slightly shorter than the synthetic gas sleeve, the temperature of the synthetic gas nozzle can be raised by utilizing the auxiliary fuel gas, the complete reaction of macromolecular substances such as tar in the synthetic gas is ensured, and the blocking probability is reduced. The synthesis gas nozzle adopts a convergent nozzle, which is convenient for maintenance and cleaning.
The biomass gasification synthetic gas direct-combustion heat supply device has the advantages of simple and stable system process, stable combustion and emission reaching standards, better environmental and economic benefits, and solves the problem of general lack of economy of the existing biomass gasification process.
According to the processing method of the biomass gasification synthetic gas direct-combustion heat supply device, two sections of air distribution are adopted for direct combustion of the synthetic gas, the burner is used for primary combustion, incomplete oxygen supply is adopted for generating a small amount of carbon monoxide, partial nitrogen oxides can be reduced into nitrogen, and the emission of the nitrogen oxides is obviously reduced. Secondly, two-section air enters through an air inlet of the direct-fired boiler, and the rapid burnout of combustible gas in the synthesis gas is accelerated by aggravating mixing in a mode of introducing excessive air and carrying out rotational flow. By raising the temperature of the gasification outlet, the decomposition of macromolecular tar into micromolecular gas components in the gasification process is promoted, so that the content of tar in the synthesis gas is greatly reduced, the quality of the synthesis gas is improved, the purification process of the synthesis gas is simplified, and conditions are provided for direct combustion utilization.
And secondly, the synthesis gas is comprehensively utilized in a direct-fired heat supply mode, so that the flow is simplified, the investment and operation cost are reduced, and the economic efficiency of the biomass gasification process is improved.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of a biomass gasification synthetic gas direct-fired heating device;
FIG. 2a is a schematic view of the radial structure of the air inlet of the direct-fired boiler of the present invention;
FIG. 2b is a schematic view of the axial structure of the air inlet of the direct-fired boiler of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a schematic view of the burner configuration of the present invention;
FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram of the process gas flow of the gasification syngas direct-fired heat supply package of the present invention.
In the figure, 1-bin, 2-feeder, 3-updraft gasifier, 4-burner, 5-cyclone dust collector, 6-direct-fired boiler burner, 7-direct-fired boiler air inlet, 8-steam generation zone, 9-air pre-zone, 10-synthetic gas combustion zone, 11-integrated direct-fired boiler, 12-synthetic gas pipeline, 13-air pipeline, 14-air pipe, 15-ignition tube, 16-synthetic gas pipeline, 17-combustion supporting pipeline, 18-cyclone plate, 121-synthetic gas separation pipeline, 131-input air pipeline and 132-output air pipeline.
Description of the embodiments
In order to make the purpose and technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention more clear, the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings of the embodiments of the present invention. It will be apparent that the described embodiments are some, but not all, embodiments of the invention. All other embodiments, which can be made by a person skilled in the art without creative efforts, based on the described embodiments of the present invention fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
As shown in fig. 1: biomass gasification synthetic gas direct combustion heating device includes: a direct combustion boiler burner 6 for mixing combustion gas, an integrated direct combustion boiler 11 for mixing combustion gas; a cyclone 5 for filtering the gas; an updraft gasifier 3 for generating synthesis gas, the updraft gasifier 3 passing through the top packing; raw materials are sent into an updraft gasifier 3 for gasification through a feed bin 1 and a feeder 2 after pretreatment such as crushing, and the water content of the feed of the updraft gasifier 3 is generally below 20% in the gasification process, so that the biomass is high in heat value and does not need to be additionally supplemented with heat; and because the gasification modes adopted are different, the heat value of the synthetic gas is high, the content of residual carbon and fly ash in the synthetic gas is extremely small, a two-stage carbon separation device is not needed, and the biomass carbon is discharged from the bottom of the updraft gasifier 3. The synthetic gas enters a direct-fired boiler for combustion through a burner on the direct-fired boiler after simple dust removal;
the updraft gasifier 3 is communicated with the cyclone dust collector 5 through a synthetic gas pipeline 12;
the cyclone dust collector 5 is communicated with the direct-fired boiler burner 6 through a synthetic gas pipeline 12, and the direct-fired boiler burner 6 is communicated to an integrated direct-fired boiler 11; air is communicated to the integrated direct-fired boiler 11 by an air pipeline 13; the integrated direct-fired boiler 11 is also divided into two paths of outward gas transmission through the air pipelines 13, one path of air pipeline 13 is communicated to the updraft gasifier 3, and the other path of air pipeline 13 is communicated with the integrated direct-fired boiler 11 in a backflow manner.
An air pipeline 13 of the integrated direct-fired boiler 11 communicated with the updraft gasifier 3 is led in from the bottom end of the updraft gasifier 3; the side wall of the combustion chamber of the updraft gasifier 3 is provided with a burner 4, the burner 4 is provided with two gas path interface ends, one interface end is connected to an air pipeline 13 for conveying air outwards from the integrated direct-fired boiler 11, and the other interface end is connected to a cyclone dust collector output end synthesis gas pipeline 12 through a synthesis gas branch pipeline 121.
The integrated direct-fired boiler 11 is divided into a steam generation area 8, an air pre-treatment area 9 and a synthetic gas combustion area 10; the gas output end of the direct-fired boiler burner 6 is communicated with the synthetic gas combustion zone 10; the air pre-zone 9 of the integrated direct-fired boiler 11 is respectively communicated with an input air pipeline 131 and an output air pipeline 132, and the output air pipeline 132 is respectively communicated with the updraft gasifier 3, the burner 4 and the direct-fired boiler burner 6; a steam generator is assembled in the steam generation area 8, and the steam generator adopts a membrane wall structure; an air preheater is assembled in the air preheater zone 9, and the air preheater adopts a coil pipe type heat exchanger structure.
As shown in fig. 2 a: the biomass gasification synthesis gas direct-combustion heat supply device is characterized in that a synthesis gas combustion area of the integrated direct-combustion boiler 11 is provided with a direct-combustion boiler air inlet 7 for secondary air delivery; the direct-fired boiler air inlet 7 is communicated with an air pipeline 13; the direct-fired boiler air inlet 7 is cut into the synthetic gas combustion zone 10 along the radial direction of the integrated direct-fired boiler 11, and the axial center line of the direct-fired boiler air inlet 7 is not overlapped with the radial line of the inner diameter of the synthetic gas combustion zone. The direct-fired boiler air inlet 7 is obliquely embedded into the synthetic gas combustion zone of the integrated direct-fired boiler 11, and the included angle between the axial center line of the direct-fired boiler air inlet 7 and the horizontal radial line of the synthetic gas combustion zone is 5-15 degrees;
as can be seen from the cross-sectional view of fig. 2b, there are at least four direct fired boiler air inlets 7; the four direct-fired boiler air inlets 7 present a certain tangential angle along the circumferential direction of the synthetic gas combustion zone 10, D in the figure is the inner diameter length of the synthetic gas combustion zone 10, and because the four direct-fired boiler air inlets 7 are all on the inner diameter tangential line of the synthetic gas combustion zone 10, air flows sprayed from the four direct-fired boiler air inlets 7 are tangential, and after being converged, swirl similar to an inscribed circle is formed in the synthetic gas combustion zone 10, and the size of the inscribed circle swirl is generally 1/2D-3/4D of the inner diameter of the synthetic gas combustion zone 10.
As shown in fig. 3: the direct-fired boiler burner 6 or the burner 4 comprises an air pipe 14, an ignition tube 15, a synthetic gas pipeline 16, a combustion-supporting pipeline 17 and a swirl plate 18; the air pipe 14 is communicated with the ignition tube 15, a swirl plate 18 is arranged at the joint of the air pipe 14 and the ignition tube 15, a synthetic gas pipeline 16 passes through the swirl plate 18 from the air pipe 14 and is led into the ignition tube 15, a combustion-supporting pipeline 17 is sleeved in the synthetic gas pipeline 16, and a vent hole is arranged on the pipe wall of the synthetic gas pipeline 16 positioned on the air pipe 14; one end of the synthetic gas pipeline 16 is conical, a nozzle of the combustion-supporting pipeline 17 extends to the outside of the conical end of the synthetic gas pipe, and the nozzle of the combustion-supporting pipeline 17 adopts an annular necking nozzle; the ignition tube 15 is used for being connected to the updraft gasifier 3 or the direct-fired boiler burner 6. The length of the combustion conduit 17 is slightly less than the length of the synthesis gas conduit 16. The ignition needle and the ignition check are arranged on the air pipe 14, the ignition needle passes through the swirl plate 18 through the lead wire to ignite the ignition tube 15, and the detection end of the ignition check detects whether the ignition is successful or not.
The auxiliary fuel gas can be used as a pilot burner or is led in a staged manner for combustion, and carbon deposition or tar accumulation at the nozzle is reduced by increasing the temperature near the fuel gas burner. The gas pipe can be independently taken out for maintenance, the synthetic gas burner nozzle adopts the form of an annular necking nozzle, and the probability of nozzle blockage is reduced while the combustion stability is maintained.
As shown in fig. 4: the processing method of the biomass gasification synthetic gas direct-combustion heat supply device comprises the following steps:
s1, feeding the raw materials into an updraft gasifier for gasification through a bin and a feeder after crushing pretreatment;
the pretreated biomass feed stock analysis is shown in table 1:
TABLE 1 analysis Table of raw materials for Pre-treated Biomass
Before the furnace is started, combustion-supporting gas in a combustor 4 on the updraft gasifier 3 is ignited, no stable synthetic gas is generated at the moment, and biomass carbon generated by combustion is deposited in the updraft gasifier 3; the external air is conveyed into the air pre-conditioning area from an input air pipeline, and after the air is heated by the air pre-conditioning device in the air pre-conditioning area, the air is injected from the bottom of the updraft gasifier through an output air pipeline; injecting air into the updraft gasifier 3 for a period of time to produce synthetic gas through combustion; at this time, although the synthesis gas is generated, the normal furnace starting requirement is not met yet, and the synthesis gas flows back into the combustor 4 to continuously participate in ignition furnace starting;
after the furnace is normally started, the burner 4 on the updraught gasifier 3 stops working, no additional heat is carried out, and the synthesis gas is not returned. The materials are pyrolyzed and gasified in the updraft gasifier 3, hot air required by gasification is introduced through a bottom bed layer and a gasification zone air inlet, and total hot air quantity is 6425Nm3/h. The gasifier outlet temperature was 330 ℃, the biochar remained about 486kg/h, the total amount of the outlet synthesis gas was 8243Nm3/h, and the main components are shown in Table 2:
TABLE 2 Main ingredient list
S2, after cyclone dust removal is carried out on the synthesis gas at the outlet of the updraft gasifier 3, the dust content is reduced to 50mg/Nm3, the tar content is reduced to 7g/Nm3, and then the synthesis gas enters the direct-fired boiler burner 6, the total air distribution amount of the integrated direct-fired boiler 11 is 18764Nm3/h, wherein the air quantity entering the direct-fired boiler burner 6 is 12197Nm3/h, and the ratio is about 65%. The other part enters the integrated direct-fired boiler 11 to be mixed and combusted with the synthesis gas. After passing through the integrated direct-fired boiler 11, main combustible components in the synthesis gas are completely burnt out to generate a dioxide tower and water, and NO in the flue gas X The concentration is reduced to below 80mg/Nm 3; from the synthesis gas line 12, the synthesis gas is fed to the cyclone 5; after passing through the cyclone dust collector 5, the mixture is conveyed to a direct-fired boiler burner 6 for primary mixed combustion;
s3, the burnt gas in the direct-fired boiler burner 6 contains burnt flue gas and unburnt synthetic gas; delivering the burnt-off flue gas and the unburnt synthetic gas into a synthetic gas combustion zone 10 of an integrated direct-fired boiler 11 for secondary combustion; the invention realizes two-section combustion by sectional air supply of the direct-fired boiler, and simultaneously, preheated air directly entering the direct-fired boiler forms rotational flow through inlet structural design.
The secondary combustion mode is as follows: after primary combustion, the burnt-off flue gas and the unburnt synthetic gas are conveyed to a synthetic gas combustion zone 10 in an integrated direct-fired boiler 11; at this time, the gas inlet 7 of the direct-fired boiler continuously injects gas into the synthetic gas combustion zone 10 in the integrated direct-fired boiler 11, so that the synthetic gas combustion zone 10 in the integrated direct-fired boiler 11 forms a rotational flow field, and the burnt-out flue gas and the unburnt synthetic gas enter the rotational flow field to increase the mixing degree with air, and are subjected to secondary full combustion.
After combustion, generating burnt-out high-temperature flue gas; the integral direct-fired boiler 11 in the step can adopt a vertical or horizontal structure according to the requirement, so that the integral performance of the direct-fired boiler is not affected;
s4, conveying high-temperature flue gas burnt out in the synthetic gas combustion zone 10 to the steam conveying generation zone 8, enabling the soft water inlet temperature of the direct-fired boiler steam generator to be about 60 ℃, generating supersaturated steam of 1.5MPa, selling and conveying the steam, and supplying other enterprises in a park where the project is located for utilization. The steam yield of the project is about 20t/h, the steam selling price is about 200 yuan/t, and the annual steam revenue is more than 3000 ten thousand; in the step, the steam generator adopts a membrane wall structure, the temperature of the flue gas is generally about 300 ℃ after the heat exchange of the water cooling wall, and the flue gas passes through the air preheater again;
s5, conveying part of the burnt-out high-temperature flue gas to the air pre-conditioning area 9, and discharging the flue gas outwards by external equipment of the air pre-conditioning area 9; the air inlet temperature of the air preheater is ambient temperature, the required air quantity is 25189Nm3/h, the exhaust temperature of the direct-fired boiler is 140 ℃, the outlet flue gas temperature of the air preheater is 120 ℃, and the consumption energy of the air preheater accounts for about 4% of the total energy of the flue gas of the direct-fired boiler. The air preheater adopts a coiled tube type heat exchanger structure, and the heat exchange tube is integrally supported in the direct-fired boiler. The temperature of the flue gas after passing through the air preheater can be reduced to below 100 ℃ according to the requirement and then directly discharged through a fan, and also can be directly discharged through a high-temperature induced draft fan after the temperature is maintained above 135 ℃ so as to eliminate white smoke.
The invention adopts the mode that the hot fuel gas returns to the bottom of the fluidized bed pyrolysis gasification furnace, and utilizes the characteristic that the combustion rate of the hot fuel gas is far higher than the combustion rate of fixed carbon, thereby consuming redundant oxygen in the air, reducing the burning loss of the fixed carbon and simultaneously providing energy for pyrolysis gasification. According to the invention, by utilizing the characteristic that the biomass fuel gas is hot fuel gas with the temperature of more than 500 ℃, the hot fuel gas is directly introduced into the adiabatic low-heat-value fuel gas combustion chamber, and meanwhile, preheated high-temperature air is introduced, so that the low-heat-value fuel gas is thoroughly burned out.
Compared with the traditional means for recycling heat in the gasification furnace, the method aims at the waste heat utilization part, and the method is used for recycling heat in sections through the air preheater and the steam generator in the follow-up process.
The present invention is not limited to the above-mentioned embodiments, and any changes or substitutions that can be easily understood by those skilled in the art within the technical scope of the present invention are intended to be included in the scope of the present invention. Therefore, the protection scope of the present invention should be subject to the protection scope of the claims.
Claims (14)
1. A biomass gasification synthetic gas direct-fired heating device is characterized in that: comprising
An updraft gasifier for generating syngas, the updraft gasifier passing through a top packing;
an integrated direct-fired boiler for mixing combustion gases;
cyclone dust collector for filtering gas;
a direct-fired boiler burner for mixing combustion gases;
the updraft gasifier is communicated with the cyclone dust collector through a synthetic gas pipeline;
the cyclone dust collector is communicated with the direct-fired boiler burner through a synthetic gas pipeline, and the direct-fired boiler burner is communicated to the integrated direct-fired boiler;
air is communicated to the integrated direct-fired boiler through an air pipeline; the integrated direct-fired boiler is further divided into two paths of outward gas transmission through air pipelines, one path of air pipeline is communicated to the updraft gasifier, and the other path of air pipeline is communicated with the integrated direct-fired boiler in a backflow mode.
2. The biomass gasification syngas direct-fired heating apparatus according to claim 1, wherein: the air pipe connected to the updraft gasifier through the integrated direct-fired boiler is led in from the bottom end of the updraft gasifier; the side wall of the combustion chamber of the updraft gasifier is provided with a burner, the burner is provided with two gas path interface ends, one interface end is connected with an air pipeline for conveying air outwards by the integrated direct-fired boiler, and the other interface end is connected with a cyclone dust collector through a synthetic gas separation pipeline.
3. The biomass gasification syngas direct-fired heating apparatus according to claim 1, wherein: the integrated direct-fired boiler is divided into a synthesis gas combustion zone, a steam generation zone and an air pre-treatment zone; the gas output end of the direct-fired boiler burner is communicated with the synthesis gas combustion zone; the air pre-heater of the integrated direct-fired boiler is respectively communicated with an input air pipeline and an output air pipeline, and the output air pipeline is respectively communicated with an updraft gasifier and a direct-fired boiler burner;
a steam generator is assembled in the steam generation area, and the steam generator adopts a membrane wall structure; and an air preheater is assembled in the air preheater zone, and the air preheater adopts a coil pipe type heat exchanger structure.
4. A biomass gasification syngas direct-fired heating apparatus according to claim 3, wherein: the synthesis gas combustion zone of the integrated direct-fired boiler is provided with a direct-fired boiler air inlet for secondary air delivery; the direct-fired boiler air inlet is also communicated with an output air pipeline of the integrated direct-fired boiler.
5. The biomass gasification synthetic gas direct-fired heating apparatus according to claim 4, wherein: the direct-fired boiler air inlet is cut into the synthetic gas combustion zone along the radial direction of the integrated direct-fired boiler, and the axial center line of the direct-fired boiler air inlet is not overlapped with the radial line of the inner diameter of the synthetic gas combustion zone.
6. The biomass gasification synthetic gas direct-fired heating apparatus according to claim 4 or 5, wherein: the direct-fired boiler air inlet is obliquely embedded into the synthesis gas combustion zone of the integrated direct-fired boiler, and an included angle between the axial center line of the direct-fired boiler air inlet and the horizontal radial line of the synthesis gas combustion zone is 5-15 degrees; the number of the direct-fired boiler air inlets is at least four, and the axial center lines between the direct-fired boiler air inlets and the adjacent direct-fired boiler air inlets are mutually perpendicular to form intersecting points to form right angles or included angles.
7. The biomass gasification synthesis gas direct-fired heating apparatus according to claim 1 or 2, wherein: the direct-fired boiler burner or burner comprises an air pipe, an ignition tube, a synthetic gas pipeline, a combustion-supporting pipeline and a swirl plate; the air pipe is communicated with the ignition tube, the swirl plate is arranged at the joint of the air pipe and the ignition tube, the synthetic gas pipeline passes through the swirl plate from the air pipe and is introduced into the ignition tube, the combustion-supporting pipeline is sleeved in the synthetic gas pipeline, and the synthetic gas pipeline is provided with vent holes on the pipe wall of the air pipe; one end of the synthesis gas pipeline is conical, a nozzle of the combustion-supporting pipeline extends to the outside of the conical end of the synthesis gas pipe, and the nozzle of the combustion-supporting pipeline adopts an annular necking nozzle; the ignition tube is used for being connected into an updraft gasifier or an integrated direct-fired boiler.
8. The biomass gasification syngas direct-fired heating apparatus according to claim 2, wherein: the synthesis gas branch pipeline of the burner is connected to the synthesis gas pipeline at the output end of the cyclone dust collector.
9. The biomass gasification syngas direct-fired heating apparatus according to claim 1, wherein: the top feed inlet of the updraft gasifier is provided with a feed bin and a feeder.
10. A process for the production of a biomass gasification synthesis gas direct fired heating plant according to any of claims 1 to 9, characterized in that: the method comprises the following steps:
s1, feeding the raw materials into an updraft gasifier for gasification through a bin and a feeder after crushing pretreatment; injecting air into the updraft gasifier, burning to generate synthetic gas, and depositing biomass charcoal generated by burning into the updraft gasifier;
s2, conveying the synthesis gas from a synthesis gas pipeline to a cyclone dust collector; after passing through the cyclone dust collector, the mixture is conveyed to a direct-fired boiler burner for primary mixed combustion;
s3, after the direct-fired boiler burner burns, the gas contains burnt-out flue gas and unburnt synthetic gas; delivering the burnt-out flue gas and the unburnt synthetic gas into a synthetic gas combustion zone of the integrated direct-fired boiler for secondary combustion; after combustion, generating burnt-out high-temperature flue gas;
s4, conveying the high-temperature flue gas burnt out in the synthetic gas combustion zone to a steam generation zone to generate industrial steam;
s5, conveying the partially burnt high-temperature flue gas to the air pre-conditioning area, and discharging the flue gas outwards by external equipment of the air pre-conditioning area.
11. The method for processing biomass gasification synthetic gas direct-fired heating apparatus according to claim 10, wherein: and in the step S1, the external air is conveyed into the air pre-zone from an input air pipeline, and the air is heated by the air pre-heater in the air pre-zone and then is injected into the air from the bottom of the updraft gasifier through an output air pipeline.
12. The method for processing biomass gasification synthetic gas direct-fired heating apparatus according to claim 10, wherein: the step S2 specifically comprises the following steps: the synthesis gas generated in the updraft gasifier moves upwards, is filtered and dedusted by the cyclone dust collector, is conveyed to the direct-fired boiler burner, and is mixed with external air injected into the direct-fired boiler burner through the integrated direct-fired boiler air pre-zone for primary combustion with the synthesis gas.
13. The method for processing biomass gasification synthetic gas direct-fired heating apparatus according to claim 10, wherein: the step S3 specifically comprises the following steps: after primary combustion, the burnt-off flue gas and the unburnt synthetic gas are conveyed to a synthetic gas combustion zone in the integrated direct-fired boiler; at the moment, the gas inlet of the direct-fired boiler injects gas into the synthetic gas combustion area in the integrated direct-fired boiler, so that a rotational flow field is formed in the synthetic gas combustion area in the integrated direct-fired boiler, and after the burnt flue gas and the unburnt synthetic gas enter the rotational flow field, the mixing degree of the burnt flue gas and the unburnt synthetic gas with air is increased, and secondary full combustion is performed.
14. The method for processing biomass gasification synthetic gas direct-fired heating apparatus according to claim 10, wherein: and S1, after the updraft gasifier starts, stopping working of a burner on the updraft gasifier.
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