CN116623364A - Preparation method of light flexible breathable flame-retardant heat-insulating protective material - Google Patents
Preparation method of light flexible breathable flame-retardant heat-insulating protective material Download PDFInfo
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- CN116623364A CN116623364A CN202310470951.4A CN202310470951A CN116623364A CN 116623364 A CN116623364 A CN 116623364A CN 202310470951 A CN202310470951 A CN 202310470951A CN 116623364 A CN116623364 A CN 116623364A
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- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 84
- 230000001681 protective effect Effects 0.000 title claims abstract description 33
- RNFJDJUURJAICM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2,2,4,4,6,6-hexaphenoxy-1,3,5-triaza-2$l^{5},4$l^{5},6$l^{5}-triphosphacyclohexa-1,3,5-triene Chemical compound N=1P(OC=2C=CC=CC=2)(OC=2C=CC=CC=2)=NP(OC=2C=CC=CC=2)(OC=2C=CC=CC=2)=NP=1(OC=1C=CC=CC=1)OC1=CC=CC=C1 RNFJDJUURJAICM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims abstract description 27
- 239000003063 flame retardant Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 27
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 8
- 239000002121 nanofiber Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 45
- 238000009987 spinning Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 24
- 230000035699 permeability Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 16
- 238000005245 sintering Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 13
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 238000007493 shaping process Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- 239000003570 air Substances 0.000 claims description 23
- VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicium dioxide Chemical compound O=[Si]=O VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 20
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 17
- -1 polypropylene Polymers 0.000 claims description 11
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 claims description 10
- 239000000377 silicon dioxide Substances 0.000 claims description 10
- 239000002041 carbon nanotube Substances 0.000 claims description 9
- 229910021393 carbon nanotube Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 9
- 235000012239 silicon dioxide Nutrition 0.000 claims description 9
- 229910021389 graphene Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 8
- 238000010521 absorption reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 7
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 7
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 7
- XKRFYHLGVUSROY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Argon Chemical compound [Ar] XKRFYHLGVUSROY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- 229920002678 cellulose Polymers 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000001913 cellulose Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 229910010272 inorganic material Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000011147 inorganic material Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000011368 organic material Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 229920002239 polyacrylonitrile Polymers 0.000 claims description 6
- 229920001343 polytetrafluoroethylene Polymers 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000004810 polytetrafluoroethylene Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000005452 bending Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000004743 Polypropylene Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000012298 atmosphere Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- RVTZCBVAJQQJTK-UHFFFAOYSA-N oxygen(2-);zirconium(4+) Chemical compound [O-2].[O-2].[Zr+4] RVTZCBVAJQQJTK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 229920001155 polypropylene Polymers 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910001928 zirconium oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910052786 argon Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000004513 sizing Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000000835 fiber Substances 0.000 abstract description 14
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 abstract description 5
- 239000011810 insulating material Substances 0.000 abstract description 5
- 238000009413 insulation Methods 0.000 abstract description 3
- 239000008204 material by function Substances 0.000 abstract description 3
- MCMNRKCIXSYSNV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Zirconium dioxide Chemical compound O=[Zr]=O MCMNRKCIXSYSNV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 12
- 239000011248 coating agent Substances 0.000 description 8
- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 description 8
- 239000002134 carbon nanofiber Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000004744 fabric Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000000945 filler Substances 0.000 description 4
- VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N methane Chemical compound C VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 239000004964 aerogel Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000001000 micrograph Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 description 3
- 239000003575 carbonaceous material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000000919 ceramic Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000012299 nitrogen atmosphere Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000011148 porous material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229920000742 Cotton Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 230000004075 alteration Effects 0.000 description 1
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000012300 argon atmosphere Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000007664 blowing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002131 composite material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000013329 compounding Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007547 defect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000012767 functional filler Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000006872 improvement Effects 0.000 description 1
- TWNQGVIAIRXVLR-UHFFFAOYSA-N oxo(oxoalumanyloxy)alumane Chemical compound O=[Al]O[Al]=O TWNQGVIAIRXVLR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000005855 radiation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910021332 silicide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- FVBUAEGBCNSCDD-UHFFFAOYSA-N silicide(4-) Chemical compound [Si-4] FVBUAEGBCNSCDD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- HBMJWWWQQXIZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N silicon carbide Chemical compound [Si+]#[C-] HBMJWWWQQXIZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910010271 silicon carbide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000004753 textile Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000012876 topography Methods 0.000 description 1
Classifications
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- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D04—BRAIDING; LACE-MAKING; KNITTING; TRIMMINGS; NON-WOVEN FABRICS
- D04H—MAKING TEXTILE FABRICS, e.g. FROM FIBRES OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL; FABRICS MADE BY SUCH PROCESSES OR APPARATUS, e.g. FELTS, NON-WOVEN FABRICS; COTTON-WOOL; WADDING ; NON-WOVEN FABRICS FROM STAPLE FIBRES, FILAMENTS OR YARNS, BONDED WITH AT LEAST ONE WEB-LIKE MATERIAL DURING THEIR CONSOLIDATION
- D04H1/00—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres
- D04H1/40—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres from fleeces or layers composed of fibres without existing or potential cohesive properties
- D04H1/42—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres from fleeces or layers composed of fibres without existing or potential cohesive properties characterised by the use of certain kinds of fibres insofar as this use has no preponderant influence on the consolidation of the fleece
- D04H1/4382—Stretched reticular film fibres; Composite fibres; Mixed fibres; Ultrafine fibres; Fibres for artificial leather
- D04H1/43838—Ultrafine fibres, e.g. microfibres
-
- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D01—NATURAL OR MAN-MADE THREADS OR FIBRES; SPINNING
- D01D—MECHANICAL METHODS OR APPARATUS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF ARTIFICIAL FILAMENTS, THREADS, FIBRES, BRISTLES OR RIBBONS
- D01D5/00—Formation of filaments, threads, or the like
- D01D5/18—Formation of filaments, threads, or the like by means of rotating spinnerets
-
- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D01—NATURAL OR MAN-MADE THREADS OR FIBRES; SPINNING
- D01F—CHEMICAL FEATURES IN THE MANUFACTURE OF ARTIFICIAL FILAMENTS, THREADS, FIBRES, BRISTLES OR RIBBONS; APPARATUS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR THE MANUFACTURE OF CARBON FILAMENTS
- D01F1/00—General methods for the manufacture of artificial filaments or the like
- D01F1/02—Addition of substances to the spinning solution or to the melt
- D01F1/07—Addition of substances to the spinning solution or to the melt for making fire- or flame-proof filaments
-
- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D04—BRAIDING; LACE-MAKING; KNITTING; TRIMMINGS; NON-WOVEN FABRICS
- D04H—MAKING TEXTILE FABRICS, e.g. FROM FIBRES OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL; FABRICS MADE BY SUCH PROCESSES OR APPARATUS, e.g. FELTS, NON-WOVEN FABRICS; COTTON-WOOL; WADDING ; NON-WOVEN FABRICS FROM STAPLE FIBRES, FILAMENTS OR YARNS, BONDED WITH AT LEAST ONE WEB-LIKE MATERIAL DURING THEIR CONSOLIDATION
- D04H1/00—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres
- D04H1/40—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres from fleeces or layers composed of fibres without existing or potential cohesive properties
- D04H1/42—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres from fleeces or layers composed of fibres without existing or potential cohesive properties characterised by the use of certain kinds of fibres insofar as this use has no preponderant influence on the consolidation of the fleece
- D04H1/425—Cellulose series
-
- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D04—BRAIDING; LACE-MAKING; KNITTING; TRIMMINGS; NON-WOVEN FABRICS
- D04H—MAKING TEXTILE FABRICS, e.g. FROM FIBRES OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL; FABRICS MADE BY SUCH PROCESSES OR APPARATUS, e.g. FELTS, NON-WOVEN FABRICS; COTTON-WOOL; WADDING ; NON-WOVEN FABRICS FROM STAPLE FIBRES, FILAMENTS OR YARNS, BONDED WITH AT LEAST ONE WEB-LIKE MATERIAL DURING THEIR CONSOLIDATION
- D04H1/00—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres
- D04H1/40—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres from fleeces or layers composed of fibres without existing or potential cohesive properties
- D04H1/42—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres from fleeces or layers composed of fibres without existing or potential cohesive properties characterised by the use of certain kinds of fibres insofar as this use has no preponderant influence on the consolidation of the fleece
- D04H1/4282—Addition polymers
- D04H1/4291—Olefin series
-
- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D04—BRAIDING; LACE-MAKING; KNITTING; TRIMMINGS; NON-WOVEN FABRICS
- D04H—MAKING TEXTILE FABRICS, e.g. FROM FIBRES OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL; FABRICS MADE BY SUCH PROCESSES OR APPARATUS, e.g. FELTS, NON-WOVEN FABRICS; COTTON-WOOL; WADDING ; NON-WOVEN FABRICS FROM STAPLE FIBRES, FILAMENTS OR YARNS, BONDED WITH AT LEAST ONE WEB-LIKE MATERIAL DURING THEIR CONSOLIDATION
- D04H1/00—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres
- D04H1/40—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres from fleeces or layers composed of fibres without existing or potential cohesive properties
- D04H1/42—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres from fleeces or layers composed of fibres without existing or potential cohesive properties characterised by the use of certain kinds of fibres insofar as this use has no preponderant influence on the consolidation of the fleece
- D04H1/4282—Addition polymers
- D04H1/43—Acrylonitrile series
-
- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D04—BRAIDING; LACE-MAKING; KNITTING; TRIMMINGS; NON-WOVEN FABRICS
- D04H—MAKING TEXTILE FABRICS, e.g. FROM FIBRES OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL; FABRICS MADE BY SUCH PROCESSES OR APPARATUS, e.g. FELTS, NON-WOVEN FABRICS; COTTON-WOOL; WADDING ; NON-WOVEN FABRICS FROM STAPLE FIBRES, FILAMENTS OR YARNS, BONDED WITH AT LEAST ONE WEB-LIKE MATERIAL DURING THEIR CONSOLIDATION
- D04H1/00—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres
- D04H1/40—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres from fleeces or layers composed of fibres without existing or potential cohesive properties
- D04H1/42—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres from fleeces or layers composed of fibres without existing or potential cohesive properties characterised by the use of certain kinds of fibres insofar as this use has no preponderant influence on the consolidation of the fleece
- D04H1/4282—Addition polymers
- D04H1/4318—Fluorine series
-
- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D04—BRAIDING; LACE-MAKING; KNITTING; TRIMMINGS; NON-WOVEN FABRICS
- D04H—MAKING TEXTILE FABRICS, e.g. FROM FIBRES OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL; FABRICS MADE BY SUCH PROCESSES OR APPARATUS, e.g. FELTS, NON-WOVEN FABRICS; COTTON-WOOL; WADDING ; NON-WOVEN FABRICS FROM STAPLE FIBRES, FILAMENTS OR YARNS, BONDED WITH AT LEAST ONE WEB-LIKE MATERIAL DURING THEIR CONSOLIDATION
- D04H1/00—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres
- D04H1/70—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres characterised by the method of forming fleeces or layers, e.g. reorientation of fibres
-
- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D04—BRAIDING; LACE-MAKING; KNITTING; TRIMMINGS; NON-WOVEN FABRICS
- D04H—MAKING TEXTILE FABRICS, e.g. FROM FIBRES OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL; FABRICS MADE BY SUCH PROCESSES OR APPARATUS, e.g. FELTS, NON-WOVEN FABRICS; COTTON-WOOL; WADDING ; NON-WOVEN FABRICS FROM STAPLE FIBRES, FILAMENTS OR YARNS, BONDED WITH AT LEAST ONE WEB-LIKE MATERIAL DURING THEIR CONSOLIDATION
- D04H1/00—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres
- D04H1/70—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres characterised by the method of forming fleeces or layers, e.g. reorientation of fibres
- D04H1/76—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres characterised by the method of forming fleeces or layers, e.g. reorientation of fibres otherwise than in a plane, e.g. in a tubular way
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02E60/10—Energy storage using batteries
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Textile Engineering (AREA)
- Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Inorganic Fibers (AREA)
- Nonwoven Fabrics (AREA)
Abstract
The invention discloses a preparation method of a light flexible breathable flame-retardant heat-insulating protective material, and belongs to the field of functional materials. The method comprises the following steps: the nanofiber aggregate is prepared by rotary jet spinning, and then sintered at high temperature, so that easily oxidized and flammable components are removed, and the nanofiber aggregate with a stable three-dimensional structure is formed. In the invention, the three-dimensional flame-retardant heat-insulating material which is light and soft and has good air permeability is formed through the procedures of sintering, finishing, shaping and the like. The thickness of the nanofiber aggregate with the cotton-like candy-like fluffy structure is adjustable, sliding effect exists among fibers, the flexibility of the material is improved, meanwhile, a large amount of air is wrapped by the three-dimensional structure, and the heat insulation effect of the material is improved. The special protective clothing added with the material can improve the wearing comfort of high-temperature operation people, is convenient to move, improves the protection safety and the like.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of functional protective materials, in particular to a preparation method of a light flexible breathable flame-retardant heat-insulating protective material.
Background
Along with development of new textile materials and improvement of social and economic levels in China, the novel flame-retardant heat-insulating protective material not only needs to meet more professional requirements in terms of protective performance, but also needs to be optimized in terms of wearing comfort and wearing performance, namely, the protective material with flame-retardant heat-insulating function is researched and produced, and meanwhile, the novel flame-retardant heat-insulating protective material has light weight, flexibility and air permeability, so that comfort level of related operators is improved, actions are facilitated, and effective high-temperature protection is provided. At present, four main technical schemes are provided, including:
compounding a plurality of layers of fabrics; the technology is mature and mainly comprises a flame-retardant layer, a heat-insulating layer and a comfortable layer, has comprehensive and excellent protection function, can be well applied to the field of flame retardance and heat insulation, but has the disadvantages of complex technology, high cost and limitation of application occasions. Meanwhile, the multilayer composite structure sacrifices the wearing performance, the comfort and the air permeability are poor, the activity capacity after wearing is limited, the actions of a practitioner are not flexible enough during operation, and certain potential safety hazards exist.
Coating; coating functional materials on protective clothing or protective materials is a simple and mature technology, and coating materials can be flexibly selected according to the requirements of application scenes, but the coating is too small in use amount, and the coating thickness is limited, so that certain functions, such as: the heat insulating property is poor, but if the amount of the coating is too much or the coating is too thick, the air permeability is deteriorated and the fabric flexibility is deteriorated, and the wearability is greatly reduced.
And filling with a filler. Functional materials are filled in the main body structure of the protective clothing or the protective material to achieve the combination of multiple functions, and more technical schemes are used at present. The function of the protective material filled with the functional filler can be obviously improved, but the filler occupies gaps and pore channels of the main material, and the air permeability of the material is inevitably reduced. Meanwhile, most fillers, such as: the addition of carbon material, boride ceramic powder, silicide ceramic powder, etc. improves the flame-retardant and heat-insulating functions of the protective material, but also hardens the protective material, and the wearability deteriorates.
Aerogel materials. The aerogel material has a light and fluffy three-dimensional structure, contains a large amount of pores and air, has a good heat insulation effect, and can be obtained through selecting carbon materials, such as silicon dioxide, aluminum oxide, silicon carbide, phenolic aldehyde and the like, and has the characteristics of stable structure, excellent mechanical property, difficult deformation and flame retardance. However, these materials have a stable structure, are not easy to slip, have high hardness or brittleness, and are not suitable as materials for clothing, so that if they are applied to the protective clothing for human body, there are still many problems such as poor clothing performance.
In the prior art, the protective clothing material mainly focuses on improving the flame-retardant and heat-insulating properties of the material, and after the multi-layer fabric is compounded and filled with fillers, the gram weight is obviously increased, the fabric is thick and heavy, and the comfort is poor; in addition, although the coating, the aluminum film and the like have good heat radiation performance, the air permeability is poor, and the comfort function cannot be met; there is also an emerging aerogel material having excellent flame retardant and insulating properties, but a stiff and stable structure results in poor wearability.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the technical defects, the invention aims to provide a preparation method of a light flexible breathable flame-retardant heat-insulating protective material, which can improve the flame-retardant heat-insulating property of the protective material, improve the air permeability, comfort and serviceability of the protective material, and well solve the problems of poor air permeability, heavy weight, high hardness, limitation of the actions of operators and the like of flame-retardant heat-insulating protective clothing in the prior art.
In order to solve the technical problems, the invention adopts the following technical scheme:
the invention provides a preparation method of a light flexible breathable flame-retardant heat-insulating protective material, which comprises the following specific steps: preparing a nanofiber aggregate by using rotary jet spinning; then sintering to prepare a light and compressed rebounding three-dimensional material; the protective material with flame-retardant and heat-insulating functions is formed through finishing and shaping procedures.
Preferably, when the nanofiber aggregate is prepared, a spinning solution is added into a rotary spinning device, the spinning solution is prepared from 90 to 99 parts of organic materials and 1 to 10 parts of inorganic materials, wherein the organic materials are selected from any one of polyacrylonitrile, polypropylene, polytetrafluoroethylene and cellulose, and the inorganic materials are selected from one or a combination of more than two of carbon nano tubes, silicon dioxide, graphene oxide and zirconium oxide.
Preferably, the surface topography of the individual nanofibers comprises one or a combination of two or more of smooth, porous, raised, cracked, grooved, and particulate spherical shapes.
Preferably, the nanofiber aggregate structure is a three-dimensional structure in which stacking, interlacing, and thicknesses are alternately present, and has a thickness of 0.1 mm to 1 cm.
Preferably, the spinning rotation speed is 3000 to 6000 revolutions per minute, and the collection mode is direct collection, air flow collection or electrostatic collection.
Preferably, the sintering temperature is 350 to 1000 degrees celsius, the sintering time is 2 to 10 hours, and the sintering atmosphere is air, nitrogen and argon.
Preferably, the three-dimensional material has a bulk mass of 0.03 to 0.1 grams per cubic centimeter, a thickness of 1 millimeter to 2 centimeters, and a strength of 10 to 200 megapascals after finishing and sizing.
Preferably, the three-dimensional material has a bending length of 10 to 100 mm; the air permeability is 50 to 300 millimeters per second.
Preferably, the three-dimensional material has a limiting oxygen index of 35 or more and a temperature resistance ranging from 300 to 1000 ℃.
Preferably, the three-dimensional material has a thermal conductivity of 0.01 to 0.03W/(m.cndot.) and a water absorption of 0.01 to 0.1 grams per gram.
The invention has the beneficial effects that:
(1) The three-dimensional material with various fiber characteristics and various structural characteristics is prepared by adopting rotary jet spinning, so that the production efficiency is high; the spinnable fiber raw material is soluble or fusible, and has stronger selectivity and applicability;
(2) According to the invention, the protective material with flame-retardant and heat-insulating functions is prepared by sintering the three-dimensional nanofiber aggregate, the process flow is short, the air permeability is good, and the slippage effect exists among nanofibers, so that the material has the characteristics of light weight, flexibility and the like;
(3) The temperature application range of the three-dimensional material is enriched by selecting different materials and adjusting the thickness of the fiber aggregate, so that the proper protective material is selected by combining the actual operation scene and the economical principle.
Drawings
In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the drawings that are required in the embodiments or the description of the prior art will be briefly described, it being obvious that the drawings in the following description are only some embodiments of the invention, and that other drawings may be obtained according to these drawings without inventive effort for a person skilled in the art.
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of a process flow provided in an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a physical image and a fiber morphology electron microscope image of the polyacrylonitrile-based carbon nanofiber/carbon nanotube nanofiber aggregate;
FIG. 3 is a real object diagram and a fiber morphology electron microscope diagram of a polytetrafluoroethylene/graphene oxide nanofiber aggregate;
fig. 4 is a physical image and a fiber morphology electron microscope image of a cellulose-based carbon nanofiber/carbon nanotube/graphene oxide nanofiber aggregate;
FIG. 5 is a physical image and a fiber morphology electron microscope image of the silica/zirconia nanofiber aggregate.
Detailed Description
The following description of the embodiments of the present invention will be made clearly and completely with reference to the accompanying drawings, in which it is apparent that the embodiments described are only some embodiments of the present invention, but not all embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be made by those skilled in the art based on the embodiments of the invention without making any inventive effort, are intended to be within the scope of the invention.
As shown in fig. 1, the preparation method of the light flexible breathable flame-retardant heat-insulating protective material comprises the following steps: preparing a nanofiber aggregate by using rotary jet spinning; high-temperature sintering to prepare a light and compressed rebounding three-dimensional material; further finishing and shaping to form the protective material with flame-retardant and heat-insulating functions.
The specific process is as follows:
1. adding spinning solution into a rotary spinning device, wherein the spinning solution is prepared from 90 to 99 parts of organic materials and 1 to 10 parts of inorganic materials, the organic materials are selected from any one of polyacrylonitrile, polypropylene, polytetrafluoroethylene and cellulose, and the inorganic materials are selected from one or more than two of carbon nano tubes, silicon dioxide, graphene oxide and zirconium oxide.
Starting a driving motor of the rotary spinning device, wherein the rotating speed of the driving motor is 3000-6000 rpm, and the fluffy nanofiber aggregate is collected by means of direct collection, airflow collection, electrostatic collection and the like, and the thickness of the fluffy nanofiber aggregate is 0.1 millimeter-1 centimeter;
2. placing the collected nanofiber aggregate into a tube furnace, and sintering for 2 to 10 hours in the atmosphere of air, nitrogen, argon and the like at the temperature of 350 to 1000 ℃ to form a flexible light three-dimensional material, wherein the thickness of the light three-dimensional material is 1 to 2 cm, the volume mass of the light three-dimensional material is 0.03 to 0.1 gram cubic cm, and the strength of the light three-dimensional material is 10 to 200 megapascals;
3. the three-dimensional material is further processed and shaped to form the protective material with flame-retardant and heat-insulating functions. The bending length of the protective material is 10 to 100 mm, the air permeability is 50 to 300 mm per second, the limiting oxygen index is above 35, the temperature resistant range is 300 to 1000 ℃, the thermal conductivity is 0.01 to 0.03W/(m DEG C), and the water absorption rate is 0.01 to 0.1 g per g.
The following examples are set forth in detail:
example 1;
continuously adding spinning solution containing 99 parts of polyacrylonitrile and 1 part of carbon nano tube into a rotary spinning device, starting a driving motor, setting the rotating speed to 3000 revolutions per minute, and directly collecting a cotton candy-like nanofiber aggregate after fibers come out, wherein the thickness of the nanofiber aggregate is 1 cm;
the collected nanofiber aggregate is put into a tube furnace, pre-oxidized for 2 hours in a nitrogen atmosphere at 350 ℃, and then further heated to 1000 ℃ to be sintered for 48 hours, so that a light and soft three-dimensional polyacrylonitrile-based carbon nanofiber/carbon nanotube nanofiber material is formed, wherein the thickness of the nanofiber material is 1 cm, the volume and mass of the nanofiber material are 0.03 gram per cubic centimeter, and the strength of the nanofiber material is 150 megapascals;
after the material is taken out, the material is arranged and shaped according to the operation requirements of fire disaster, fire protection, high-temperature boilers, pipelines and the like to obtain a flame-retardant heat-insulating material, as shown in figure 2; the material has a flexural rigidity of 60 mm, an air permeability of 300 mm per second, a limiting oxygen index of 55, a heat resistance temperature of 800 ℃, a thermal conductivity of 0.02W/(m.DEG C), and a water absorption of 0.1 g per g.
Example 2;
continuously adding spinning solution containing 90 parts of polytetrafluoroethylene and 10 parts of graphene oxide into a rotary spinning device, starting a driving motor, setting the rotating speed to 4000 revolutions per minute, and collecting nanofiber aggregates by adopting 6kV electrostatic pressure after fibers come out, wherein the thickness of the nanofiber aggregates is 0.2 mm;
the collected nanofiber aggregate is placed into a tube furnace, and is sintered for 2 hours in an air atmosphere at 350 ℃ to form a light and soft three-dimensional polytetrafluoroethylene/graphene oxide nanofiber material, wherein the thickness of the nanofiber material is 1 mm, the volume mass is 0.08 g per cubic centimeter, and the strength is 10 megapascals;
after the material is taken out, the material is further arranged and shaped according to the outdoor high-temperature operation requirement to form a corresponding flame-retardant heat-insulating material, as shown in figure 3; the material has a flexural rigidity of 10 mm, an air permeability of 100 mm per second, a limiting oxygen index of 95, a heat resistance temperature of 300 ℃, a thermal conductivity of 0.02W/(m.DEG C), and a water absorption of 0.01 g per g.
Example 3;
continuously adding a mixed spinning solution containing 95 parts of cellulose, 2 parts of carbon nano tubes and 3 parts of graphene oxide into a rotary spinning device, starting a driving motor, setting the rotating speed to 5000 revolutions per minute, and collecting the fibers after the fibers are generated by adopting air flow blowing, wherein the air flow is 100 liters per minute, and the thickness of a fiber aggregate is 1 millimeter;
the collected nanofiber aggregate is placed into a tube furnace, and is sintered for 6 hours in a nitrogen atmosphere at 800 ℃ to form a light and soft three-dimensional cellulose-based carbon nanofiber/carbon nanotube/zirconia nanofiber material, wherein the thickness of the nanofiber aggregate is 2 millimeters, the volume and mass of the nanofiber aggregate are 0.1 gram per cubic centimeter, and the strength of the nanofiber aggregate is 180 megapascals;
after the material is taken out, the material is arranged and shaped according to the protection requirements of fire disaster, fire protection, high-temperature boiler and pipeline operation to form a flame-retardant heat-insulating material, as shown in figure 4; the material has a bending rigidity of 50 mm, an air permeability of 250 mm per second, a limiting oxygen index of 60, a heat-resistant temperature of 1000 ℃, a thermal conductivity of 0.02W/(m.DEG C), and a water absorption of 0.08 g per g.
Example 4;
continuously adding a mixed material containing 90 parts of polypropylene, 1 part of silicon dioxide and 9 parts of zirconium oxide into a heated rotary spinning device, starting a driving motor, setting the rotating speed to 6000 revolutions per minute, and directly collecting a cotton-like nanofiber aggregate after fibers come out, wherein the thickness of the nanofiber aggregate is 1 cm;
placing the collected nanofiber aggregate into a tubular furnace, and sintering for 10 hours in an argon atmosphere at 800 ℃ to form a light and soft three-dimensional silicon dioxide/zirconia nanofiber material, wherein the thickness of the three-dimensional silicon dioxide/zirconia nanofiber material is 2 cm, the volume mass of the three-dimensional silicon dioxide/zirconia nanofiber material is 0.06 gram per cubic cm, and the strength of the three-dimensional silicon dioxide/zirconia nanofiber material is 200 megapascals;
after the material is taken out, the material is further arranged and shaped according to the requirements of meeting fire, fire protection, high-temperature boiler and pipeline operation to form a flame-retardant heat-insulating material, as shown in figure 5; the material has a bending rigidity of 100 mm, an air permeability of 50 mm per second, a limiting oxygen index of 70, a heat-resistant temperature of 1000 ℃, a thermal conductivity of 0.03W/(m.DEG C) and a water absorption of 0.004 g per g.
It will be apparent to those skilled in the art that various modifications and variations can be made to the present invention without departing from the spirit or scope of the invention. Thus, it is intended that the present invention also include such modifications and alterations insofar as they come within the scope of the appended claims or the equivalents thereof.
Claims (10)
1. The preparation method of the light flexible breathable flame-retardant heat-insulating protective material is characterized by comprising the following specific steps of: preparing a nanofiber aggregate by using rotary jet spinning; then sintering to prepare a light and compressed rebounding three-dimensional material; the protective material with flame-retardant and heat-insulating functions is formed through finishing and shaping procedures.
2. The method of manufacturing according to claim 1, wherein: when the nanofiber aggregate is prepared, a spinning solution is added into a rotary spinning device, the spinning solution is prepared from 90 to 99 parts of organic materials and 1 to 10 parts of inorganic materials, wherein the organic materials are selected from any one of polyacrylonitrile, polypropylene, polytetrafluoroethylene and cellulose, and the inorganic materials are selected from one or more of carbon nanotubes, silicon dioxide, graphene oxide and zirconium oxide.
3. The method of manufacturing according to claim 1, wherein: the surface morphology of the individual nanofibers includes one or a combination of two or more of smooth, porous, convex, cracked, grooved, and particulate sphere shapes.
4. The method of manufacturing according to claim 1, wherein: the nanofiber aggregate structure is a three-dimensional structure with a thickness of 0.1 mm to 1 cm, wherein the three-dimensional structure is formed by stacking, interweaving and alternating thickness.
5. The method of manufacturing according to claim 1, wherein: the spinning rotation speed is 3000-6000 rpm, and the collecting mode is direct collecting, airflow collecting or electrostatic collecting.
6. The method of manufacturing according to claim 1, wherein: the sintering temperature is 350-1000 ℃, the sintering time is 2-10 hours, and the sintering atmosphere is air, nitrogen and argon.
7. The method of manufacturing according to claim 1, wherein: the three-dimensional material has a bulk mass of 0.03 to 0.1 grams per cubic centimeter, a thickness of 1 millimeter to 2 centimeters, and a strength of 10 to 200 megapascals after finishing and sizing.
8. The method of manufacturing according to claim 1, wherein: the bending length of the three-dimensional material is 10 to 100 mm; the air permeability is 50 to 300 millimeters per second.
9. The method of manufacturing according to claim 1, wherein: the limiting oxygen index of the three-dimensional material is above 35, and the temperature resistance range is 300-1000 ℃.
10. The method of manufacturing according to claim 1, wherein: the three-dimensional material has a thermal conductivity of 0.01 to 0.03W/(m.DEG C) and a water absorption of 0.01 to 0.1 g/g.
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