CN116623175A - Laser cladding device and method - Google Patents
Laser cladding device and method Download PDFInfo
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- CN116623175A CN116623175A CN202310632059.1A CN202310632059A CN116623175A CN 116623175 A CN116623175 A CN 116623175A CN 202310632059 A CN202310632059 A CN 202310632059A CN 116623175 A CN116623175 A CN 116623175A
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- 238000004372 laser cladding Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 29
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 13
- 238000007493 shaping process Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 73
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 61
- 238000005253 cladding Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 25
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 24
- 230000001681 protective effect Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 16
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 15
- 241001270131 Agaricus moelleri Species 0.000 claims abstract description 12
- 239000000498 cooling water Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 12
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 29
- 238000007789 sealing Methods 0.000 claims description 26
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- 238000004140 cleaning Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000003292 glue Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 230000003287 optical effect Effects 0.000 claims description 4
- 244000137852 Petrea volubilis Species 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000000853 adhesive Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000001070 adhesive effect Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000000861 blow drying Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000007689 inspection Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000009434 installation Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000000956 alloy Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910045601 alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000007921 spray Substances 0.000 abstract description 6
- 239000000758 substrate Substances 0.000 description 4
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000002035 prolonged effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000004381 surface treatment Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000011248 coating agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000002708 enhancing effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000020169 heat generation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000002844 melting Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008018 melting Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
Classifications
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
- C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
- C23C24/00—Coating starting from inorganic powder
- C23C24/08—Coating starting from inorganic powder by application of heat or pressure and heat
- C23C24/10—Coating starting from inorganic powder by application of heat or pressure and heat with intermediate formation of a liquid phase in the layer
- C23C24/103—Coating with metallic material, i.e. metals or metal alloys, optionally comprising hard particles, e.g. oxides, carbides or nitrides
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
- Y02P10/00—Technologies related to metal processing
- Y02P10/25—Process efficiency
Abstract
The invention relates to a laser cladding device and a laser cladding method. The laser cladding device comprises a laser emitter, a cladding spray head system, a powder conveying system and a lens light path system. The laser transmitter is CO 2 The laser transmitter is used for transmitting a Gaussian beam; the cladding spray head system comprises a cooling water circulation pipeline, a focusing reflecting mirror, a spray head main body, a protective mirror and a spray head; the powder conveying system is in a double-fork shape and comprises two powder conveying pipe inlets and a powder conveying pipe outlet, and powder conveying adopts a gas carrying mode; the lens light path system comprises a bracket, a collimating mirror, a triangular conversion mirror, a flat-top beam shaping mirror, a round light spot shaping mirror and a rectangular light spot shaping mirror. The invention realizes the conversion of the beam type and the light spot shape through the triangular conversion mirror and the shaping mirror, thereby adapting to different workpieces and improving the working efficiency; cooling the focusing reflecting mirror through a cooling water circulation pipeline in the cladding nozzle system, and prolonging the service life of the device.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of laser cladding, in particular to a laser cladding device and method.
Background
The laser cladding technology is a technology for enhancing the surface performance of a substrate by combining metal powder or wire materials on the substrate to form a metal surface coating after melting the metal powder or wire materials by high-energy laser, and the technology can improve the wear resistance and hardness of the substrate, so that the service life of the substrate is prolonged. The shape of the laser beam generally includes rectangular and circular. Rectangular spots are generally a better choice when processing requires high orientation and control; circular spots are generally a better choice when processing requires a more uniform heating effect. The current laser cladding device can only emit laser with one shape, and meanwhile, the laser beam energy is strong, so that the device is heated seriously when the laser beam path is converted, and the service life of the device is influenced. Therefore, the current laser cladding apparatus has problems of using field Jing Shouxian, being unable to cope with processing of different workpieces, being unable to flexibly adjust laser shape, and serious heat generation. Accordingly, a laser cladding apparatus and a cladding method based on the apparatus are proposed to solve the above-mentioned problems.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to solve the problems that the existing laser cladding device uses a field Jing Shouxian, cannot cope with the processing of different workpieces, cannot flexibly adjust the laser shape and has serious heating, the invention provides a laser cladding device and a cladding method based on the device.
The technical scheme adopted for solving the technical problems is as follows: a laser cladding apparatus, comprising: the device comprises a laser emitter (1), a cladding nozzle system (2), a powder conveying system (3), a lens light path system (4) and a cooling system (5), wherein the cladding nozzle system (2) comprises a nozzle main body (201), a cover plate (202), a sealing ring (203), a focusing reflecting mirror (204), a protective lens barrel (205), a protective lens (206), a nozzle (207), a gasket (208), an inner hexagonal nut (209) and a cooling water circulation pipeline (210); the powder conveying system (3) comprises a powder conveying pipe (301), a powder conveying inlet (302), a powder conveying outlet (303) and a fixing groove (304); the lens light path system (4) comprises a cavity (401), a rectangular shaping lens barrel (402), a round shaping lens barrel (403), a rectangular shaping lens barrel (404), a flat-top beam shaping lens (405), a round shaping lens (406), a triangular conversion lens (407), a large gasket (408), a small gasket (409), a sealing ring (410), a bearing A (411), a bearing B (412), a bearing C (413), a wheel disc (414), an inner hexagonal stud (415) and a connecting lens barrel (416); the cooling system (5) comprises a short water pipe (501) and a long water pipe (502).
Further, the laser transmitter (1) is CO 2 The laser emitter emits laser light in a Gaussian beam with a wavelength of typically 10.6 μm and an effective power of between 20kW and 50 kW.
Further, the upper half part of the spray head main body (201) is of a cavity structure, a protective lens barrel hole (2012) is formed in the lower half part along the normal direction of the lower wall surface, a screw thread is formed in the inner wall of the protective lens barrel hole (2012), a cooling water circulation pipeline (210) and a sealing ring groove (211) are formed in the outer wall surface on the left side, a lens groove (2011) is formed in the inner wall surface on the left side, a connecting barrel hole A (2013) is formed in the right side wall surface along the normal direction, and 2 screw threads are uniformly distributed in the circumferential direction of the connecting barrel hole A (2013); a focusing reflecting mirror (204) is glued in the lens groove (2011) through high-temperature resistant glue; the cover plate (202) is tightly attached to the left outer wall surface of the nozzle body, and a sealing ring (203) is clamped in a sealing ring groove (211) between the cover plate (202) and the wall surface.
Further, a powder conveying pipe (301) in the powder conveying system (3) is in a double-fork shape, two powder conveying inlets (302) are formed in a pipe orifice at the upper end of the powder conveying pipe (301), a powder conveying outlet (303) is formed in a pipe orifice at the tail end of the powder conveying pipe (301), and cylindrical open-shaped fixing grooves (304) are formed in the center symmetry position of the powder conveying pipe (301) and are used for positioning and mounting of the powder conveying pipe (301).
Further, the lens light path system (4) is of a symmetrical structure, rectangular shaping lens barrel parts are arranged on the same line in the front and the rear, the shaping lens barrel (402) is arranged on the front side wall surface and the rear side wall surface of the cavity (401) through an inner hexagonal stud (415), round shaping lens barrel parts are arranged on the same line in the left and the right, and the shaping lens barrel (402) is arranged on the left side wall surface and the right side wall surface of the cavity (401) through the inner hexagonal stud (415); the cavity (401) is of a cuboid cavity structure, the upper surface of the cavity (401) is a circular ring columnar connecting lens barrel (416), the cavity is connected with the laser emitter (1) through a groove (403) on the upper surface of the connecting lens barrel (416) and threads on the inner wall, step-shaped connecting cylinder holes B (4011) are formed in the front, back, left and right sides of the cavity (401), and 4 countersunk threaded holes (4012) are uniformly distributed in the circumferential direction of the connecting cylinder holes B (4011); a sector-shaped circular groove (4014) is respectively arranged on the left rear edge line and the right front edge line of the cavity (401); the fan-shaped circular groove (4014) is glued with a powder conveying pipe (301) through high-temperature resistant glue; the shaping lens barrel (402) is in a circular ring column shape, a step circular ring A (4021) and a step circular ring B (4022) are arranged on the cylindrical surface, the step circular ring A (4021) on the left end face of the shaping lens barrel (402) is matched with a connecting cylinder hole A (2013) on the right side face of the nozzle main body (201) and is provided with a sealing ring (417), the step circular ring B (4022) on the right end face of the shaping lens barrel (402) is matched and connected with a connecting cylinder hole B (4011) on the side face of the cavity through a locking stud (418), and the sealing ring (417) is matched and connected with a countersunk threaded hole (4012) through a locking stud (415); the rectangular shaping lens barrel part is characterized in that a rectangular shaping lens (404) is adhered to the step groove on the inner wall of the left end face of the shaping lens barrel (402) by high-temperature-resistant adhesive, and a small gasket (409), a flat-top beam shaping lens (405) and a large gasket (408) are sequentially arranged between the step groove on the inner wall of the right end face of the shaping lens barrel (402) and a connecting cylinder hole B (4011) on the side face of the cavity; and a small gasket (409), a round shaping lens (406) and a large gasket (408) are sequentially arranged between the step groove on the inner wall of the right end surface of the shaping lens (402) and the cavity side surface connecting cylinder hole B (4011).
Further, a circular short column (4013) is arranged on the lower surface of the cavity (401), and a 90-degree fan-shaped groove (40131) is arranged on the circular short column; the lower end of the triangular conversion mirror (407) is provided with a protruding block (4071), the triangular conversion mirror (407) is arranged in a short circular column (4013), the protruding block (4071) is just positioned in a 90-degree fan-shaped groove (40131), the triangular conversion mirror (407) can rotate within a range of 0-90 degrees, and the triangular conversion mirror (407) comprises a bearing A (411), a bearing B (412), a wheel disc (414) and a bearing C (413) in sequence from top to bottom.
Further, the cooling system (5) comprises 8 short water pipes (501) and 3 long water pipes (502); one end of the short water delivery pipe (501) is connected with the cooling water circulation pipeline (210) in a matching way, and the other end of the short water delivery pipe is connected with the long water delivery pipe (502).
Further, the laser cladding method based on the laser cladding device comprises the following steps:
step 1: the surface treatment of the workpiece, cleaning the surface of the workpiece to be processed, cleaning and blow-drying, then simply treating the rough surface by using sand paper, and preheating the workpiece for a period of time;
step 2: adjusting an inspection device, determining the shape of the used laser according to the shape, the material and the processing requirement of a workpiece to be processed, rotating a turntable so as to adjust the angle of a triangular conversion mirror to be 0 DEG or 90 DEG, inspecting the installation precision of a round shaping mirror, a rectangular shaping mirror, a flat-top beam shaping mirror and a focusing reflecting mirror, switching on a water inlet and a water outlet of a cooling system, observing whether a pipeline is normal, switching on an inlet of a powder conveying system, observing whether the outlet is normal or not, inspecting sealing rings at all parts, and ensuring that the device is well sealed;
step 3: setting process parameters, including laser power, scanning speed, lap rate and spot diameter, according to the shape, material and processing requirement of the workpiece to be processed, clamping the workpiece to be processed, and setting a cladding track of the device;
step 4: and after the opening device is clad, checking and setting, the opening device carries out cladding according to a preset track, monitors a surface molten pool and a cladding layer in real time and adjusts technological parameters according to requirements.
Further, the performance parameters of the alloy powder are as follows:
carbon content: 50-60ppm;
oxygen content: 100-120ppm;
average particle diameter: 40.0-45.0 μm;
sphericity degree: more than or equal to 95 percent;
fluidity: 30-35s/50g;
bulk density: 4.30-4.50g/cm 3 。
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the advantages that:
(1) The flat top light shaping mirror and the conversion mirror which can be adjusted in a rotating way are arranged in the device cavity, so that the conversion from a circular light spot to a rectangular light spot is realized, the processing of different workpieces is facilitated, and the use singleness is avoided.
(2) The circulating cooling system is arranged on the device, so that the serious problem of heating of the device caused by laser can be reduced, and the service life of the device is prolonged.
(3) The device sets up four laser shower nozzles altogether, has two shower nozzles simultaneous working when outputting circular laser or rectangle laser to adopted coaxial mode of sending powder, improved the work efficiency and the actual effect of cladding.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a three-dimensional model diagram of a laser cladding apparatus.
FIG. 2 is a cross-sectional view of a cladding nozzle system.
Fig. 3 is a three-dimensional cutaway view of the spray head body.
FIG. 4 is a three-dimensional model of a cladding nozzle system.
Fig. 5 is a three-dimensional cutaway view of the powder delivery system.
Fig. 6 is a cut-away view a of a lens optical path system.
Fig. 7 is a cut-away view B of the lens optical path system.
Fig. 8 is a diagram of the connection of the chamber to the triangular switching mirror.
Fig. 9 is a cross-sectional view showing the connection of both ends of the plastic lens barrel.
In the figure: 1. laser emitter, 2. Cladding injector system, 3. Powder delivery system, 4. Lens light path system, 5. Cooling system, 201. Injector subject matter, 202. Cover plate, 203. Seal ring, 204. Focusing mirror, 205. Protective barrel, 206. Protective lens, 207. Injector, 208. Gasket, 209. Hexagon socket nut, 210. Cooling water circulation pipe, 211. Seal ring groove, 2011. Lens groove, 2012. Protective barrel hole, 2013. Connecting barrel hole A,301. Powder delivery pipe, 302. Powder delivery inlet, 303. Powder delivery outlet, 401. Chamber, 402. Shaping barrel, 403. Step notch, 404, rectangular shaping lens, 405, flat top beam shaping lens, 406, circular shaping lens, 407, triangular conversion lens, 408, large gasket, 409, small gasket, 410, sealing ring, 411, bearing A,412, bearing B,413, bearing C,414, wheel disk, 415, inner hexagonal stud, 416, connecting barrel, 417, sealing ring, 418, locking stud, 4011, connecting barrel hole B,4012, countersunk threaded hole, 4013, circular post, 4014, sector-shaped circular groove, 40131, sector-shaped groove, 4021, step circular ring A,4022, step circular ring B,4071, bump, 501, short water pipe, 502, long water pipe.
Detailed Description
In order to better understand the technical solutions of the present disclosure, the present disclosure will be further described in detail with reference to specific examples, but the present disclosure is not limited to the following specific examples, and it should be noted that the structures, proportions, sizes, etc. illustrated in the present disclosure are merely used to cooperate with the disclosure of the disclosure, so that the disclosure is intended to be understood and read by a person skilled in the art, and not to limit the applicable limitations of the present disclosure, any modification of the structures, variation of the proportions, or adjustment of the sizes should fall within the scope of the present disclosure without affecting the efficacy and achievement of the present disclosure.
Examples
As shown in fig. 1-9, the laser cladding device mainly comprises a laser emitter (1), a cladding nozzle system (2), a powder conveying system (3), a lens light path system (4) and a cooling system (5), wherein the cladding nozzle system (2) comprises a nozzle main body (201), a cover plate (202), a sealing ring (203), a focusing reflector (204), a protective lens barrel (205), a protective lens (206), a nozzle (207), a gasket (208), an inner hexagonal nut (209) and a cooling water circulation pipeline (210); the powder conveying system (3) comprises a powder conveying pipe (301), a powder conveying inlet (302), a powder conveying outlet (303) and a fixing groove (304); the lens light path system (4) comprises a cavity (401), a rectangular shaping lens barrel (402), a round shaping lens barrel (403), a rectangular shaping lens barrel (404), a flat-top beam shaping lens (405), a round shaping lens (406), a triangular conversion lens (407), a large gasket (408), a small gasket (409), a sealing ring (410), a bearing A (411), a bearing B (412), a bearing C (413), a wheel disc (414), an inner hexagonal stud (415) and a connecting lens barrel (416); the cooling system (5) comprises a short water pipe (501) and a long water pipe (502).
As shown in fig. 1, the laser transmitter (1) is CO 2 A laser emitter, emitting laser light in a gaussian beam, typically at a wavelength of 10.6 μm,the effective power is between 20kW and 50 kW.
As shown in fig. 2, 3 and 4, the upper half part of the nozzle main body (201) is of a cavity structure, the lower half part is provided with a protective lens barrel hole (2012) along the normal direction of the lower wall surface, the inner wall of the protective lens barrel hole (2012) is provided with a screw thread, the left outer wall surface is provided with a cooling water circulation pipeline (210) and a sealing ring groove (211), the left inner wall surface is provided with a lens groove (2011), the right side wall surface is provided with a connecting barrel hole a (2013) along the normal direction, and 2 screw threads are uniformly distributed in the circumferential direction of the connecting barrel hole a (2013); a focusing reflecting mirror (204) is glued in the lens groove (2011) through high-temperature resistant glue; the cover plate (202) is tightly attached to the left outer wall surface of the nozzle body, and a sealing ring (203) is clamped in a sealing ring groove (211) between the cover plate (202) and the wall surface.
As shown in fig. 5, the powder conveying pipe (301) in the powder conveying system (3) is in a double-fork shape, two powder conveying inlets (302) are formed in the pipe orifice at the upper end of the powder conveying pipe (301), a powder conveying outlet (303) is formed in the pipe orifice at the tail end of the powder conveying pipe (301), and cylindrical open-shaped fixing grooves (304) are formed in the center symmetry position of the powder conveying pipe (301) and are used for positioning and mounting of the powder conveying pipe (301).
As shown in fig. 6, 7, 8 and 9, the lens optical path system (4) has a symmetrical structure, rectangular shaping lens barrel parts are arranged on the same line on the front and rear sides of the cavity (401) through inner hexagonal studs (415), circular shaping lens barrel parts are arranged on the same line on the left and right sides, and the shaping lens barrel (402) is arranged on the left and right sides of the cavity (401) through inner hexagonal studs (415); the cavity (401) is of a cuboid cavity structure, the upper surface of the cavity (401) is a circular ring columnar connecting lens barrel (416), the cavity is connected with the laser emitter (1) through a groove (403) on the upper surface of the connecting lens barrel (416) and threads on the inner wall, step-shaped connecting cylinder holes B (4011) are formed in the front, back, left and right sides of the cavity (401), and 4 countersunk threaded holes (4012) are uniformly distributed in the circumferential direction of the connecting cylinder holes B (4011); a sector-shaped circular groove (4014) is respectively arranged on the left rear edge line and the right front edge line of the cavity (401); the fan-shaped circular groove (4014) is glued with a powder conveying pipe (301) through high-temperature resistant glue; the shaping lens barrel (402) is in a circular ring column shape, a step circular ring A (4021) and a step circular ring B (4022) are arranged on the cylindrical surface, the step circular ring A (4021) on the left end face of the shaping lens barrel (402) is matched with a connecting cylinder hole A (2013) on the right side face of the nozzle main body (201) and is provided with a sealing ring (417), the step circular ring B (4022) on the right end face of the shaping lens barrel (402) is matched and connected with a connecting cylinder hole B (4011) on the side face of the cavity through a locking stud (418), and the sealing ring (417) is matched and connected with a countersunk threaded hole (4012) through a locking stud (415); the rectangular shaping lens barrel part is characterized in that a rectangular shaping lens (404) is adhered to the step groove on the inner wall of the left end face of the shaping lens barrel (402) by high-temperature-resistant adhesive, and a small gasket (409), a flat-top beam shaping lens (405) and a large gasket (408) are sequentially arranged between the step groove on the inner wall of the right end face of the shaping lens barrel (402) and a connecting cylinder hole B (4011) on the side face of the cavity; and a small gasket (409), a round shaping lens (406) and a large gasket (408) are sequentially arranged between the step groove on the inner wall of the right end surface of the shaping lens (402) and the cavity side surface connecting cylinder hole B (4011).
As shown in fig. 6, 7, 8 and 9, the lower surface of the chamber (401) is provided with a circular short column (4013) which is provided with a 90-degree fan-shaped groove (40131); the lower end of the triangular conversion mirror (407) is provided with a protruding block (4071), the triangular conversion mirror (407) is arranged in a short circular column (4013), the protruding block (4071) is just positioned in a 90-degree fan-shaped groove (40131), the triangular conversion mirror (407) can rotate within a range of 0-90 degrees, and the triangular conversion mirror (407) comprises a bearing A (411), a bearing B (412), a wheel disc (414) and a bearing C (413) in sequence from top to bottom.
As shown in fig. 1, the cooling system (5) comprises 8 short water pipes (501) and 3 long water pipes (502); one end of the short water delivery pipe (501) is connected with the cooling water circulation pipeline (210) in a matching way, and the other end of the short water delivery pipe is connected with the long water delivery pipe (502).
Further, a cladding method based on the laser cladding device comprises the following steps:
step 1: the surface treatment of the workpiece, cleaning the surface of the workpiece to be processed, cleaning and blow-drying, then simply treating the rough surface by using sand paper, and preheating the workpiece for a period of time;
step 2: adjusting an inspection device, determining the shape of the used laser according to the shape, the material and the processing requirement of a workpiece to be processed, rotating a turntable so as to adjust the angle of a triangular conversion mirror to be 0 DEG or 90 DEG, inspecting the installation precision of a round shaping mirror, a rectangular shaping mirror, a flat-top beam shaping mirror and a focusing reflecting mirror, switching on a water inlet and a water outlet of a cooling system, observing whether a pipeline is normal, switching on an inlet of a powder conveying system, observing whether the outlet is normal or not, inspecting sealing rings at all parts, and ensuring that the device is well sealed;
step 3: setting process parameters, including laser power, scanning speed, lap rate and spot diameter, according to the shape, material and processing requirement of the workpiece to be processed, clamping the workpiece to be processed, and setting a cladding track of the device;
step 4: and after the opening device is clad, checking and setting, the opening device carries out cladding according to a preset track, monitors a surface molten pool and a cladding layer in real time and adjusts technological parameters according to requirements.
Claims (9)
1. A laser cladding apparatus, comprising: the device comprises a laser emitter (1), a cladding nozzle system (2), a powder conveying system (3), a lens light path system (4) and a cooling system (5), wherein the cladding nozzle system (2) comprises a nozzle main body (201), a cover plate (202), a sealing ring (203), a focusing reflecting mirror (204), a protective lens barrel (205), a protective lens (206), a nozzle (207), a gasket (208), an inner hexagonal nut (209) and a cooling water circulation pipeline (210); the powder conveying system (3) comprises a powder conveying pipe (301), a powder conveying inlet (302), a powder conveying outlet (303) and a fixing groove (304); the lens light path system (4) comprises a cavity (401), a rectangular shaping lens barrel (402), a round shaping lens barrel (403), a rectangular shaping lens barrel (404), a flat-top beam shaping lens (405), a round shaping lens (406), a triangular conversion lens (407), a large gasket (408), a small gasket (409), a sealing ring (410), a bearing A (411), a bearing B (412), a bearing C (413), a wheel disc (414), an inner hexagonal stud (415) and a connecting lens barrel (416); the cooling system (5) comprises a short water pipe (501) and a long water pipe (502).
2. The laser cladding apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the laser emitter (1) is CO 2 The laser emitter emits laser light in a Gaussian beam with a wavelength of typically 10.6 μm and an effective power of between 20kW and 50 kW.
3. The laser cladding device according to claim 1, wherein the upper half part of the nozzle body (201) is of a cavity structure, the lower half part is provided with a protective lens barrel hole (2012) along the normal direction of the lower wall surface, the inner wall of the protective lens barrel hole (2012) is provided with a screw thread, the left outer wall surface is provided with a cooling water circulation pipeline (210) and a sealing ring groove (211), the left inner wall surface is provided with a lens groove (2011), the right side wall surface is provided with a connecting barrel hole a (2013) along the normal direction, and 2 screw holes are uniformly distributed in the circumferential direction of the connecting barrel hole a (2013); a focusing reflecting mirror (204) is glued in the lens groove (2011) through high-temperature resistant glue; the cover plate (202) is tightly attached to the left outer wall surface of the nozzle body, and a sealing ring (203) is clamped in a sealing ring groove (211) between the cover plate (202) and the wall surface.
4. The laser cladding device according to claim 1, wherein the powder conveying pipe (301) in the powder conveying system (3) is in a double-fork shape, the pipe orifice at the upper end of the powder conveying pipe (301) is provided with two powder conveying inlets (302), the pipe orifice at the tail end of the powder conveying pipe (301) is provided with a powder conveying outlet (303), and cylindrical open-shaped fixing grooves (304) are arranged at the central symmetry position of the powder conveying pipe (301) and are used for positioning and mounting the powder conveying pipe (301).
5. The laser cladding device according to claim 1, wherein the lens optical path system (4) has a symmetrical structure, rectangular shaping lens barrel parts are arranged on the same line on the front and rear sides of the cavity (401) through inner hexagonal studs (415), circular shaping lens barrel parts are arranged on the same line on the left and right sides of the cavity (401), and the shaping lens barrel (402) is arranged on the left and right sides of the cavity (401) through the inner hexagonal studs (415); the cavity (401) is of a cuboid cavity structure, the upper surface of the cavity (401) is a circular ring columnar connecting lens barrel (416), the cavity is connected with the laser emitter (1) through a groove (403) on the upper surface of the connecting lens barrel (416) and threads on the inner wall, step-shaped connecting cylinder holes B (4011) are formed in the front, back, left and right sides of the cavity (401), and 4 countersunk threaded holes (4012) are uniformly distributed in the circumferential direction of the connecting cylinder holes B (4011); a sector-shaped circular groove (4014) is respectively arranged on the left rear edge line and the right front edge line of the cavity (401); the fan-shaped circular groove (4014) is glued with a powder conveying pipe (301) through high-temperature resistant glue; the shaping lens barrel (402) is in a circular ring column shape, a step circular ring A (4021) and a step circular ring B (4022) are arranged on the cylindrical surface, the step circular ring A (4021) on the left end face of the shaping lens barrel (402) is matched with a connecting cylinder hole A (2013) on the right side face of the nozzle main body (201) and is provided with a sealing ring (417), the step circular ring B (4022) on the right end face of the shaping lens barrel (402) is matched and connected with a connecting cylinder hole B (4011) on the side face of the cavity through a locking stud (418), and the sealing ring (417) is matched and connected with a countersunk threaded hole (4012) through a locking stud (415); the rectangular shaping lens barrel part is characterized in that a rectangular shaping lens (404) is adhered to the step groove on the inner wall of the left end face of the shaping lens barrel (402) by high-temperature-resistant adhesive, and a small gasket (409), a flat-top beam shaping lens (405) and a large gasket (408) are sequentially arranged between the step groove on the inner wall of the right end face of the shaping lens barrel (402) and a connecting cylinder hole B (4011) on the side face of the cavity; and a small gasket (409), a round shaping lens (406) and a large gasket (408) are sequentially arranged between the step groove on the inner wall of the right end surface of the shaping lens (402) and the cavity side surface connecting cylinder hole B (4011).
6. The laser cladding apparatus of claim 1, wherein the lower surface of the chamber (401) is provided with a circular stub (4013) provided with a 90 ° sector groove (40131); the triangular conversion mirror (407) lower extreme is equipped with lug (4071), and triangular conversion mirror (407) are installed in ring short column (4013), and lug (4071) are in 90 fan-shaped groove (40131) just, and triangular conversion mirror (407) can be in 0-90 within range, and from the top down is bearing A (411), bearing B (412), rim plate (414) and bearing C (413) triangular conversion mirror (407) in proper order, bearing C (413) are installed in fixed slot (304) of powder conveying system.
7. The laser cladding apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the cooling system (5) comprises 8 short water tubes (501) and 3 long water tubes (502); one end of the short water delivery pipe (501) is connected with the cooling water circulation pipeline (210) in a matching way, and the other end of the short water delivery pipe is connected with the long water delivery pipe (502).
8. A laser cladding method step, based on a laser cladding apparatus according to claim 1, characterized by comprising the steps of:
step 1: cleaning the surface of a workpiece to be processed, cleaning and blow-drying, then simply treating the rough surface by using sand paper, and preheating the workpiece for a period of time;
step 2: adjusting an inspection device, determining the shape of the used laser according to the shape, the material and the processing requirement of a workpiece to be processed, rotating a turntable so as to adjust the angle of a triangular conversion mirror to be 0 DEG or 90 DEG, inspecting the installation precision of a round shaping mirror, a rectangular shaping mirror, a flat-top beam shaping mirror and a focusing reflecting mirror, switching on a water inlet and a water outlet of a cooling system, observing whether a pipeline is normal, switching on an inlet of a powder conveying system, observing whether the outlet is normal or not, inspecting sealing rings at all parts, and ensuring that the device is well sealed;
step 3: setting process parameters, including laser power, scanning speed, lap rate and spot diameter, according to the shape, material and processing requirement of the workpiece to be processed, clamping the workpiece to be processed, and setting a cladding track of the device;
step 4: and after the opening device is clad, checking and setting, the opening device carries out cladding according to a preset track, monitors a surface molten pool and a cladding layer in real time and adjusts technological parameters according to requirements.
9. A laser cladding method step according to claim 8, wherein the alloy powder has the following performance parameters:
carbon content: 50-60ppm;
oxygen content: 100-120ppm;
average particle diameter: 40.0-45.0 μm;
sphericity degree: more than or equal to 95 percent;
fluidity: 30-35s/50g;
bulk density: 4.30-4.50g/cm 3 。
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| CN202310632059.1A CN116623175A (en) | 2023-05-31 | 2023-05-31 | Laser cladding device and method |
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Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN116988060A (en) * | 2023-09-26 | 2023-11-03 | 西南石油大学 | Ni-WC composite laser strengthening repair equipment and process for oil-gas field drilling tool |
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Cited By (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN116988060A (en) * | 2023-09-26 | 2023-11-03 | 西南石油大学 | Ni-WC composite laser strengthening repair equipment and process for oil-gas field drilling tool |
| CN116988060B (en) * | 2023-09-26 | 2023-12-12 | 西南石油大学 | Ni-WC composite laser strengthening repair equipment and process for oil-gas field drilling tool |
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