CN116618800A - Magnesium and aluminum rapid solid-liquid MIG diffusion welding method based on non-melting intermediate layer - Google Patents
Magnesium and aluminum rapid solid-liquid MIG diffusion welding method based on non-melting intermediate layer Download PDFInfo
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- 238000003466 welding Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 203
- 239000011777 magnesium Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 112
- 229910052749 magnesium Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 108
- FYYHWMGAXLPEAU-UHFFFAOYSA-N Magnesium Chemical compound [Mg] FYYHWMGAXLPEAU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims abstract description 105
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 101
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims abstract description 98
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 39
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 38
- 238000009792 diffusion process Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 33
- 238000002844 melting Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 19
- 230000008018 melting Effects 0.000 title claims abstract description 19
- 239000010410 layer Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 60
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 53
- PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nickel Chemical compound [Ni] PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 28
- 239000011229 interlayer Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 27
- RTAQQCXQSZGOHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Titanium Chemical compound [Ti] RTAQQCXQSZGOHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 25
- 239000010936 titanium Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 16
- 229910052719 titanium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 15
- 239000002131 composite material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 12
- 229910052759 nickel Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 11
- 210000001503 joint Anatomy 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- 239000010953 base metal Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- 229910001069 Ti alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 229910000990 Ni alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 3
- 239000012535 impurity Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 3
- 239000002585 base Substances 0.000 claims description 46
- HEMHJVSKTPXQMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M Sodium hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[Na+] HEMHJVSKTPXQMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 39
- CSCPPACGZOOCGX-UHFFFAOYSA-N Acetone Chemical compound CC(C)=O CSCPPACGZOOCGX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 30
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 claims description 26
- 238000005406 washing Methods 0.000 claims description 20
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 19
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 claims description 12
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 claims description 11
- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 10
- 239000002932 luster Substances 0.000 claims description 10
- 239000010959 steel Substances 0.000 claims description 10
- 239000011261 inert gas Substances 0.000 claims description 9
- 239000007864 aqueous solution Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- 238000004140 cleaning Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000005530 etching Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 230000007704 transition Effects 0.000 claims description 5
- 229910052802 copper Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910052742 iron Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910052748 manganese Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000008213 purified water Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910052725 zinc Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000004381 surface treatment Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- GRYLNZFGIOXLOG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nitric acid Chemical compound O[N+]([O-])=O GRYLNZFGIOXLOG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000003513 alkali Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000003518 caustics Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052804 chromium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000004090 dissolution Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910017604 nitric acid Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000005554 pickling Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 abstract description 10
- 229910000765 intermetallic Inorganic materials 0.000 abstract description 8
- 150000002739 metals Chemical class 0.000 abstract description 8
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 abstract description 4
- 229910000838 Al alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 19
- 229910000861 Mg alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 18
- 238000000227 grinding Methods 0.000 description 6
- 230000007547 defect Effects 0.000 description 5
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 5
- 238000009826 distribution Methods 0.000 description 4
- 238000009864 tensile test Methods 0.000 description 4
- 238000011010 flushing procedure Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000004927 fusion Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000011160 research Methods 0.000 description 3
- 229910003023 Mg-Al Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000011888 foil Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910001338 liquidmetal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000007769 metal material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000003756 stirring Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229910018134 Al-Mg Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910018467 Al—Mg Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000001413 cellular effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000013461 design Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000001627 detrimental effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000004134 energy conservation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000006872 improvement Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000002955 isolation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910001234 light alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000000155 melt Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000004021 metal welding Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000116 mitigating effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000009467 reduction Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K9/00—Arc welding or cutting
- B23K9/18—Submerged-arc welding
- B23K9/186—Submerged-arc welding making use of a consumable electrodes
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K9/00—Arc welding or cutting
- B23K9/23—Arc welding or cutting taking account of the properties of the materials to be welded
- B23K9/232—Arc welding or cutting taking account of the properties of the materials to be welded of different metals
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K9/00—Arc welding or cutting
- B23K9/235—Preliminary treatment
Abstract
The invention discloses a magnesium and aluminum rapid solid-liquid MIG diffusion welding method based on a non-melting interlayer. The invention is suitable for welding dissimilar metals of magnesium and aluminum, the intermediate layer material can be one of titanium, titanium alloy, nickel and nickel alloy, and oil stains and oxide films on the surfaces of the intermediate layer, the magnesium base metal and the aluminum base metal are removed before welding, so that the surface to be welded is clean and dry and has no impurities. Firstly, a fixture is used for fixing a base metal and a foil-shaped middle layer, welding is carried out by using welding wires with corresponding components of the base metal, and a workpiece is naturally cooled to room temperature after welding; then, the welded composite structure is in butt joint and fixed with another base material, and welding wires with corresponding components of the base material are used for welding; and naturally cooling the welded workpiece to room temperature. According to the invention, dissimilar metals of magnesium and aluminum are welded in a mode of adding the intermediate layer, the intermediate layer is controlled not to be melted during welding, and the purpose is to prevent direct contact reaction of liquid magnesium and liquid aluminum and formation of harmful intermetallic compounds by utilizing the solid intermediate layer, so that a welding joint with reliable connection is obtained.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to a rapid solid-liquid MIG diffusion welding method suitable for dissimilar low-melting-point metals, in particular to a rapid solid-liquid MIG diffusion welding method for dissimilar metals of magnesium and aluminum based on an infusible intermediate layer, and belongs to the technical field of special welding of dissimilar metal materials.
Background
The light metal materials magnesium and aluminum are widely applied to the aerospace and new energy automobile industries, so that the magnesium/aluminum light welding structure has wide application prospect. In the aerospace and new energy automobile industry, the magnesium/aluminum composite structure can replace the traditional steel structure, so that the thrust-weight ratio of modern vehicles such as military/civil aircraft, automobiles and the like is improved, and the magnesium/aluminum composite structure has great practical significance for light weight, energy conservation, emission reduction and the like of carrying equipment. The reliable welding of the magnesium/aluminum composite structure is realized, and the application of the magnesium/aluminum lightweight composite structure in the manufacturing field of vehicles such as airplanes, new energy automobiles and the like can be greatly promoted.
Due to the problems of metallurgical incompatibility of magnesium and aluminum, formation of brittle intermetallic compounds and the like, reliable welding of magnesium and aluminum is difficult to achieve by adopting the traditional fusion welding technology. In recent years, the welding joint obtained by direct fusion welding research of dissimilar metals of magnesium and aluminum has poor mechanical properties (Yaqoob Mohsin Baqer, S.Ramesh, F.Yosfof, S.M. Manladan, challenges and advances in laser welding of dissimilar light alloys: al/Mg, al/Ti, and Mg/Ti alloy [ J ]. International Journal of Advanced Manufacturing Technology, 2018, 95: 4353-4369.), and more attention is paid to the welding research of magnesium and aluminum by adding an intermediate layer, and a certain research progress has been made (L.H. Shah, A. Gerlich, Y. Zhou, design guideline for intermetallic compound mitigation in Al-Mg dissimilar welding through addition of interlayer [ J ]. International Journal of Advanced Manufacturing Technology, 2018, 94: 2667-2678.). However, it has been found through literature studies that the addition of an interlayer material during fusion welding may inhibit the formation of mg—al intermetallic compounds, but the synchronously melted interlayer material may also react with magnesium or aluminum to form more complex structures, which is detrimental to the weld structure. Therefore, the invention provides a solid-liquid MIG diffusion welding method with an added non-melting interlayer, which utilizes the isolation effect of a solid interlayer to inhibit the formation of harmful intermetallic compounds during the welding of magnesium and aluminum.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the defects of the existing magnesium and aluminum dissimilar metal welding technology, the invention provides a magnesium and aluminum thin plate butt joint MIG welding method based on a non-melting intermediate layer and a magnesium and aluminum rapid solid-liquid MIG diffusion welding method for improving the strength of a welded workpiece and reducing the equipment requirement.
The invention relates to a rapid solid-liquid MIG diffusion welding technology for magnesium and aluminum based on a non-melting interlayer, wherein a high-melting-point interlayer is added in the melt welding of magnesium and aluminum, the interlayer is controlled not to melt during welding, and the solid interlayer is utilized to prevent the direct contact reaction of liquid magnesium and liquid aluminum, so that the formation of Mg-Al intermetallic compounds is avoided; meanwhile, under the influence of a welding heat source, rapid solid-liquid interface diffusion occurs between the middle layer and liquid metals at two sides, so that reliable interface combination is formed. The method provided by the invention can realize defect-free welding of magnesium and aluminum dissimilar metals, and the formed magnesium/aluminum welding joint has stable quality and higher mechanical property. The method for welding dissimilar metals of magnesium and aluminum by adopting the rapid solid-liquid MIG diffusion welding method for magnesium and aluminum has the following characteristics: (1) The MIG welding heat source can realize rapid solid-liquid diffusion welding of magnesium/middle layer/aluminum, and improves welding efficiency; (2) The direct contact between liquid magnesium and liquid aluminum is prevented by utilizing the infusible intermediate layer, and the formation of Mg-Al intermetallic compounds is avoided; (3) The solid intermediate layer and the liquid metals at two sides form reliable interface combination through solid-liquid interface diffusion reaction. The welding method with the characteristics can precisely inhibit the formation of harmful intermetallic compounds during the welding of magnesium and aluminum, realize defect-free welding and improve the mechanical property of the joint.
The invention provides a magnesium and aluminum rapid solid-liquid MIG diffusion welding method based on a non-melting interlayer, which specifically comprises the following steps:
1) Removing greasy dirt and oxide films on the surfaces of the intermediate layer, the magnesium base metal and the aluminum base metal before welding, so that the surface to be welded is smooth and clean, dry and free of impurities;
2) Firstly, fixing the first base material and the foil-shaped middle layer by using a fixture, welding by using welding wires with corresponding components of the first base material, and cooling the welded workpiece to room temperature under natural conditions; then, the welded composite structure and the second base material are in butt joint and fixed by using a fixture, the assembly sequence is that the first base material/the middle layer/the second base material, and welding is carried out by using welding wires with corresponding components of the second base material; in the welding process, the front and back sides of the welding line are protected by inert gas; the first base material and the second base material are corresponding to magnesium base material or aluminum base material, and the sequence of the two base materials can be exchanged;
taking a magnesium side welding process and an aluminum side welding process as an example, horizontally fixing a magnesium base material by using a fixture, connecting the plane of the foil-shaped middle layer with the surface to be welded of the magnesium base material by a V-shaped structure, and setting the included angle between the plane of the foil-shaped middle layer and the surface to be welded of the magnesium base material to be 40-50 degrees; welding by using an AZ31 magnesium welding wire with the diameter of 1.2 mm, and protecting the front side and the back side of the welding seam by using inert gas; after welding, the welded workpiece is cooled to room temperature under natural conditions; then, the magnesium welded with the middle layer and the aluminum base material are in gapless butt joint and fixed by using a fixture, the angle of a groove formed by the plane of the middle layer and the surface to be welded of the aluminum base material is 50-40 degrees, ER5183 aluminum welding wires with the diameter of 1.2 mm are used for welding, and the front side and the back side of the welding seam are protected by inert gas;
3) After welding, the welded workpiece is cooled to room temperature under natural conditions; and after cooling, opening the tool clamp, and taking down the workpiece.
In the step 1), the intermediate layer material can be selected from one of pure titanium, titanium alloy, pure nickel and nickel alloy; the thickness of the intermediate layer is 50-1000 μm.
In the step 1), the treatment method of the surface of the intermediate layer comprises the following steps: fine steel brushes were used to finish the surfaces of both sides of the intermediate layer until all metallic luster was exposed, and then rinsed with anhydrous acetone and dried.
In the step 1), the surface treatment method of the magnesium base material comprises the following steps: the surface to be welded of the magnesium base material is finely ground by a steel wire brush until the metallic luster is fully exposed; then using HNO with volume fraction of 20% 3 Etching with water solution for 2 min, and cleaning with purified water at 50-90 ℃ for 2 min; finally washing with anhydrous acetone and airing.
In the step 1), the surface treatment method of the aluminum base material comprises the following steps: firstly, caustic washing with a sodium hydroxide warm water solution for 3-5 min; then pickling with 30% nitric acid aqueous solution for 2-3 min; finally washing with anhydrous acetone and airing. Wherein, in the sodium hydroxide warm water solution used for alkali washing, the mass fraction of the sodium hydroxide is 10 percent, and granular/flaky sodium hydroxide with analytical purity can be used for dissolution proportioning with purified water; the temperature of the sodium hydroxide aqueous solution is 50-60 ℃.
In the step 2), the interface mode of the intermediate layer and the surface to be welded of the magnesium base material is as follows: the surface to be welded of the magnesium base material is in a vertical state, the foil-shaped middle layer is obliquely placed, the lower part of the middle layer is connected with the root of the surface to be welded, and the plane of the middle layer and the surface to be welded form an angle of 40-50 degrees. The welded composite structure and the second base material are in butt joint and fixation: and (3) the welded composite structure and the second base material are in gapless butt joint and fixed by using a fixture, and the bevel angle between the plane of the middle layer and the surface to be welded of the second base material is 50-40 degrees.
In the step 2), the welding process parameters of the magnesium base material and the intermediate layer are as follows: the welding mode is a surface tension transition mode; the welding wire is opposite to the joint center, the dry extension of the welding wire is 10-12 mm, and the wire feeding speed is 7.5-9.5 m/min; the welding current is 80-90A, the arc voltage is 17.8-18.8V, and the welding speed is 55-70 cm/min. The welding process parameters of the magnesium and aluminum base metal welded with the intermediate layer are as follows: the welding mode is a cold arc welding mode; the welding wire is opposite to the joint center, the dry extension of the welding wire is 10-12 mm, and the wire feeding speed is 6.5-8 m/min; the welding current is 90-110A, the arc voltage is 17.5-18.5V, and the welding speed is 60-70 cm/min. The chemical components of the used magnesium welding wire are as follows by mass percent: 0.0006% Ni,0.003% Fe,0.0265% Si,0.2765% Mn,0.003% Cu,3.2655% Al,0.74% Zn,0.0025% Ca, the balance being Mg; the chemical components of the aluminum welding wire are as follows by mass percent: 4.7% Mg,0.8% Mn, 0.3% Si, 0.3% Fe,0.17% Zn,0.14% Ti,0.08% Cu,0.11% Cr, the balance being Al.
In addition, in the step 2), the front and back sides of the welding seam are protected by inert gas in the following manner: the front surface of the welding seam is protected by mixed gas with the volume fraction Ar 80% + He 20%, and the gas flow is 15-25L/min; the back surface of the welding line is protected by high-purity Ar gas with the volume fraction of 99.999%, and the gas flow is 15-20L/min.
The invention has the beneficial effects that:
(1) The invention provides a magnesium and aluminum rapid solid-liquid MIG diffusion welding method based on a non-melting interlayer, which prevents the direct contact of liquid magnesium and liquid aluminum by using the non-melting interlayer, avoids the formation of harmful mesophase and can prepare a magnesium/aluminum welding joint with reliable connection;
(2) By adopting the magnesium and aluminum rapid solid-liquid MIG diffusion welding method, rapid solid-liquid MIG diffusion welding of magnesium and aluminum dissimilar metals is realized by adding the high-melting-point intermediate layer, and the interface combination of the magnesium/intermediate layer and the aluminum/intermediate layer of the formed part is reliable, and the quality is stable;
(3) Through test, the welding component manufactured by adopting the rapid solid-liquid MIG diffusion welding method of magnesium and aluminum of the intermediate layers of pure titanium and titanium alloy has the tensile strength of the welding joint exceeding 110 MPa in the tensile test, which is equivalent to that of the magnesium/aluminum joint obtained by friction stir welding, and has higher welding quality.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a front and back weld forming plot of AZ31 magnesium/5A 05 aluminum joint of example 1;
FIG. 2 is a graph showing the microstructure and elemental distribution of the magnesium/titanium interface in example 1;
FIG. 3 is a microstructure and elemental distribution of the aluminum/titanium interface in example 1;
FIG. 4 is a graph showing the tensile test results of AZ31 magnesium/5A 05 aluminum joint in example 1;
FIG. 5 is a front and back weld forming plot of the AZ31 magnesium/5A 05 aluminum joint of example 2;
FIG. 6 is a graph showing the tensile test results of AZ31 magnesium/5A 05 aluminum joint in example 2;
FIG. 7 is a microstructure of Ni/Al interface in example 3;
FIG. 8 is a microstructure of Ni/Mg interface in example 3.
Detailed Description
The following examples are only preferred embodiments of the present invention and are not intended to limit the present invention in any way. Various modifications and variations of the present invention will be apparent to those skilled in the art. Any modification, equivalent replacement, improvement, etc. made within the spirit and principle of the present invention should be included in the protection scope of the present invention.
Example 1: AZ31 magnesium and 5A05 aluminum rapid solid-liquid MIG diffusion welding method (firstly welding magnesium side and then welding aluminum side) based on pure titanium intermediate layer
Butt welding AZ31 magnesium alloy plate and 5A05 aluminum alloy plate, wherein the sizes of the magnesium and aluminum plates are 150 mm multiplied by 100 multiplied by mm multiplied by 2.5 mm; the intermediate layer was selected from pure titanium foil with a purity of Ti 99.99% and a titanium foil size of 150 mm ×4× 4 mm ×0.3 mm.
The specific welding process comprises the following steps:
1) And (3) finely grinding the surface to be welded of the titanium foil by using a fine steel brush until the metallic luster is fully exposed, and then flushing with anhydrous acetone and airing. Firstly, finely grinding the surface of the magnesium alloy plate by using a steel brush until the metallic luster is fully exposed; then using HNO with volume fraction of 20% 3 Etching with water solution for 2 min, and cleaning with 70deg.C hot water for 2 min; finally washing with anhydrous acetone and airing. Firstly, alkaline washing the surface of the aluminum alloy plate for 3 min by using a 10% sodium hydroxide aqueous solution with the mass fraction of 60 ℃; and then the HNO with volume fraction of 30 percent is used 3 Washing with water solution for 3 min; finally washing with anhydrous acetone and airing.
2) Fixing the magnesium alloy plate horizontally by using a fixture, fixing the titanium foil and the surface to be welded of the magnesium alloy in a V-shaped structure, setting the angle to be 45 degrees, and welding by using an AZ31 magnesium welding wire with the diameter of 1.2 mm; and after the welding is finished, the workpiece is cooled to room temperature under natural conditions, and the workpiece is taken down. Butt-jointing and fixing the magnesium alloy plate welded with the titanium foil and the aluminum alloy plate by using a fixture, wherein the angle between the titanium foil and the aluminum alloy surface to be welded is 45 degrees, and welding is performed by using ER5183 aluminum welding wires with the diameter of 1.2 mm; the front and back sides of the weld are protected by inert gas.
3) And adopting an EWM-Alpha Q351 welding machine to weld. Main welding technological parameters of magnesium alloy plate and titanium foil: the welding mode is a surface tension transition mode; the welding wire is opposite to the joint center, the dry extension of the welding wire is 10 mm, and the wire feeding speed is 9 m/min; the welding current was 85A, the arc voltage was 18.4V, and the welding rate was 60 cm/min. The front surface of the welding seam is protected by mixed gas with the volume fraction of Ar 80% + He 20%, and the gas flow is 20L/min; the back surface was protected with high purity Ar having a volume fraction of 99.999% and a gas flow rate of 15L/min.
Main welding technological parameters of the magnesium alloy plate welded with the titanium foil and the aluminum alloy plate: the welding mode is a cold arc welding mode; the welding wire is opposite to the joint center, the dry extension of the welding wire is 10 mm, and the wire feeding speed is 6.6 m/min; the average welding current was 100A, the average arc voltage was 18.2V, and the welding rate was 60 cm/min. The front surface of the welding seam is protected by mixed gas with the volume fraction of Ar 80% + He 20%, and the gas flow is 20L/min; the back surface was protected with high purity Ar having a volume fraction of 99.999% and a gas flow rate of 15L/min.
4) After welding, the welded workpiece is cooled to room temperature under natural conditions; and after cooling, opening the tool clamp, and taking down the workpiece.
As shown in FIG. 1, the obtained magnesium/aluminum MIG welding head has good weld formation and uniform width, and no weld defects are found on the surface of the weld. The microstructure and element distribution of the magnesium/titanium interface are shown in figure 2, and the magnesium weld joint and the titanium intermediate layer form good diffusion bonding through mutual diffusion of Ti and Al elements. The microstructure and element distribution of the aluminum/titanium interface are shown in figure 3, and the aluminum welding seam and the titanium intermediate layer realize metallurgical bonding by forming a cellular interface reaction layer. As a result of the tensile test, as shown in FIG. 4, the ultimate tensile strength of the magnesium/aluminum joint exceeds 110 MPa, which is equivalent to that of the magnesium/aluminum joint obtained by friction stir welding, and the quality of the magnesium/aluminum welded joint is higher.
Example 2: AZ31 magnesium and 5A05 aluminum rapid solid-liquid MIG diffusion welding method (first welding aluminum side and then welding magnesium side) based on TC4 titanium alloy interlayer
Butt welding AZ31 magnesium alloy plate and 5A05 aluminum alloy plate, wherein the sizes of the magnesium and aluminum plates are 150 mm multiplied by 100 multiplied by mm multiplied by 2.5 mm; the intermediate layer was selected from a TC4 titanium alloy foil having dimensions of 150 mm ×4 mm ×0.3 mm.
The specific welding process comprises the following steps:
1) And (3) finely grinding the surface to be welded of the titanium foil by using a fine steel brush until the metallic luster is fully exposed, and then flushing with anhydrous acetone and airing. Firstly, finely grinding the surface of the magnesium alloy plate by using a steel brush until the metallic luster is fully exposed; then using HNO with volume fraction of 20% 3 Etching with water solution for 2 min, and cleaning with 70deg.C hot water for 2 min; finally washing with anhydrous acetone and airing. Firstly, alkaline washing the surface of the aluminum alloy plate for 3 min by using a 10% sodium hydroxide aqueous solution with the mass fraction of 60 ℃; and then the HNO with volume fraction of 30 percent is used 3 Washing with water solution for 3 min; finally washing with anhydrous acetone and airing.
2) Horizontally fixing the aluminum alloy plate by using a fixture, fixing the surface of the titanium foil and the surface to be welded of the aluminum alloy plate in a V-shaped structure, setting the angle to be 45 degrees, and welding by using an ER5183 aluminum welding wire with the diameter of 1.2 mm; and after the welding is finished, the workpiece is cooled to room temperature under natural conditions, and the workpiece is taken down. Butt-jointing and fixing the aluminum alloy plate welded with the titanium foil and the magnesium alloy plate by using a fixture, wherein an angle of 45 degrees is formed between the titanium foil and a surface to be welded of the magnesium alloy, and welding is carried out by using an AZ31 magnesium welding wire with the diameter of 1.2 mm; the front and back sides of the weld are protected by inert gas.
3) And adopting an EWM-Alpha Q351 welding machine to weld. Main welding technological parameters of aluminum alloy plate and titanium foil: the welding mode is a cold arc mode; the welding wire is opposite to the joint center, the dry extension of the welding wire is 10 mm, and the wire feeding speed is 7.8 m/min; the welding current was 95A, the arc voltage was 17.8V, and the welding rate was 60 cm/min. The front surface of the welding seam is protected by mixed gas with the volume fraction of Ar 80% + He 20%, and the gas flow is 20L/min; the back of the weld joint is protected by high-purity Ar with the volume fraction of 99.999%, and the gas flow is 15L/min.
The main welding technological parameters of the aluminum alloy plate welded with the titanium foil and the magnesium alloy plate are as follows: the welding mode is a surface tension transition mode; the welding wire is opposite to the joint center, the dry extension of the welding wire is 10 mm, and the wire feeding speed is 7.5 m/min; the average welding current was 80A, the average arc voltage was 18.0V, and the welding rate was 60 cm/min. The front surface of the welding seam is protected by mixed gas with the volume fraction of Ar 80% + He 20%, and the gas flow is 20L/min; the back surface was protected with high purity Ar having a volume fraction of 99.999% and a gas flow rate of 15L/min.
4) After welding, the welded workpiece is cooled to room temperature under natural conditions; and after cooling, opening the tool clamp, and taking down the workpiece.
As shown in FIG. 5, the weld joint of the obtained magnesium/aluminum MIG welding head has good formation and uniform width, and no welding defect is found on the surface of the weld joint. As shown in FIG. 6, the tensile strength of the magnesium/aluminum butt joint exceeds 100 MPa, and the quality of the magnesium/aluminum butt joint is higher.
Example 3: AZ31 magnesium and 5A05 aluminum rapid solid-liquid MIG diffusion welding method (aluminum side welded first and magnesium side welded later) based on pure nickel interlayer
AZ31 magnesium and 5A05 aluminum rapid solid-liquid MIG diffusion welding method (aluminum side welded first and magnesium side welded later) based on pure nickel interlayer
Butt welding AZ31 magnesium alloy plate and 5A05 aluminum alloy plate, wherein the sizes of the magnesium and aluminum plates are 150 mm multiplied by 100 multiplied by mm multiplied by 2.5 mm; the intermediate layer was chosen from pure nickel foil with dimensions of 150 mm ×4× 4 mm ×0.3 mm.
The specific welding process comprises the following steps:
1) And (3) finely grinding the surface to be welded of the nickel foil by using a fine steel brush until the metallic luster is fully exposed, and then flushing with anhydrous acetone and airing. Firstly, finely grinding the surface of the magnesium alloy plate by using a steel brush until the metallic luster is fully exposed; then using HNO with volume fraction of 20% 3 Etching with water solution for 2 min, and cleaning with 70deg.C hot water for 2 min; finally washing with anhydrous acetone and airing. Firstly, alkaline washing the surface of the aluminum alloy plate for 3 min by using a 10% sodium hydroxide aqueous solution with the mass fraction of 60 ℃; and then the HNO with volume fraction of 30 percent is used 3 Washing with water solution for 3 min; finally washing with anhydrous acetone and airing.
2) Horizontally fixing the aluminum alloy plate by using a fixture, fixing the plane of the nickel foil and the surface to be welded of the aluminum alloy plate in a V-shaped structure, setting the angle to be 45 degrees, and welding by using an ER5183 aluminum welding wire with the diameter of 1.2 mm; and after the welding is finished, the workpiece is cooled to room temperature under natural conditions, and the workpiece is taken down. Butt-jointing and fixing the aluminum alloy plate welded with the nickel foil and the magnesium alloy plate by using a fixture, wherein an angle of 45 degrees is formed between the nickel foil and a surface to be welded of the magnesium alloy, and welding is carried out by using an AZ31 magnesium welding wire with the diameter of 1.2 mm; the front and back sides of the weld are protected by inert gas.
3) And adopting an EWM-Alpha Q351 welding machine to weld. Major welding process parameters of aluminum alloy plates and nickel foils: the welding mode is a cold arc mode; the welding wire is opposite to the joint center, the dry extension of the welding wire is 10 mm, and the wire feeding speed is 7.8 m/min; the welding current was 92A, the arc voltage was 17.6V, and the welding rate was 60 cm/min. The front surface of the welding seam is protected by mixed gas with the volume fraction of Ar 80% + He 20%, and the gas flow is 20L/min; the back of the weld joint is protected by high-purity Ar with the volume fraction of 99.999%, and the gas flow is 15L/min.
The main welding technological parameters of the aluminum alloy plate welded with the nickel foil and the magnesium alloy plate are as follows: the welding mode is a surface tension transition mode; the welding wire is opposite to the joint center, the dry extension of the welding wire is 10 mm, and the wire feeding speed is 7.5 m/min; the average welding current was 80A, the average arc voltage was 18.0V, and the welding rate was 60 cm/min. The front surface of the welding seam is protected by mixed gas with the volume fraction of Ar 80% + He 20%, and the gas flow is 20L/min; the back surface was protected with high purity Ar having a volume fraction of 99.999% and a gas flow rate of 15L/min.
4) After welding, the welded workpiece is cooled to room temperature under natural conditions; and after cooling, opening the tool clamp, and taking down the workpiece.
In the obtained magnesium/aluminum MIG welding head, as shown in FIG. 7, a nickel intermediate layer and an aluminum side welding line form good metallurgical bonding by forming an interface reaction layer of 5-10 mu m, and no crack or air hole defect is found at the interface; as shown in FIG. 8, the nickel interlayer forms a good metallurgical bond with the magnesium side weld by forming an interface reaction layer of about 5 μm, and no cracks or porosity defects are found at the interface. The interface connection of the magnesium/nickel/aluminum composite welding joint is reliable.
Claims (10)
1. A rapid solid-liquid MIG diffusion welding method for magnesium and aluminum based on a non-melting interlayer is characterized by comprising the following steps:
1) Removing greasy dirt and oxide films on the surfaces of the intermediate layer, the magnesium base metal and the aluminum base metal before welding, so that the surface to be welded is smooth and clean, dry and free of impurities;
2) Firstly, fixing the first base material and the foil-shaped middle layer by using a fixture, welding by using welding wires with corresponding components of the first base material, and cooling the welded workpiece to room temperature under natural conditions; then, the welded composite structure and the second base material are in butt joint and fixed by using a fixture, the assembly sequence is that the first base material/the middle layer/the second base material, and welding is carried out by using welding wires with corresponding components of the second base material; in the welding process, the front and back sides of the welding line are protected by inert gas; the first base material and the second base material are corresponding to magnesium base material or aluminum base material, and the sequence of the two base materials can be exchanged;
3) After welding, the welded workpiece is cooled to room temperature under natural conditions; and after the workpiece is completely cooled, opening the tool clamp, and taking down the workpiece.
2. The rapid solid-liquid MIG diffusion process of magnesium and aluminum based on a non-melting interlayer of claim 1, wherein: in the step 1), the intermediate layer material is selected from one of pure titanium, titanium alloy, pure nickel and nickel alloy; the thickness of the intermediate layer is 50-1000 μm.
3. The rapid solid-liquid MIG diffusion process of magnesium and aluminum based on a non-melting interlayer of claim 1, wherein: in the step 1), the treatment method of the surface of the intermediate layer is as follows: fine steel brushes were used to finish the surfaces of both sides of the intermediate layer until all metallic luster was exposed, and then rinsed with anhydrous acetone and dried.
4. The rapid solid-liquid MIG diffusion process of magnesium and aluminum based on a non-melting interlayer of claim 1, wherein: in the step 1), the surface treatment method of the magnesium base material comprises the following steps: with wire brushesGrinding the surface of the magnesium base material to be welded until the metallic luster is fully exposed; then using HNO with volume fraction of 20% 3 Etching with water solution for 2 min, and cleaning with purified water at 50-90 ℃ for 2 min; finally washing with anhydrous acetone and airing.
5. The rapid solid-liquid MIG diffusion process of magnesium and aluminum based on a non-melting interlayer of claim 1, wherein: in the step 1), the method for treating the surface of the aluminum base material comprises the following steps: firstly, caustic washing with a sodium hydroxide warm water solution for 3-5 min; then pickling with 30% nitric acid aqueous solution for 2-3 min; finally washing with anhydrous acetone and airing. Wherein, in the sodium hydroxide warm water solution used for alkali washing, the mass fraction of sodium hydroxide is 10%, and granular/flake sodium hydroxide with analytical purity is used for dissolution proportioning with purified water; the temperature of the sodium hydroxide aqueous solution is 50-60 ℃.
6. The rapid solid-liquid MIG diffusion process of magnesium and aluminum based on a non-melting interlayer of claim 1, wherein: in the step 2), the fixing manner of the first base material and the intermediate layer is as follows: the first parent metal is horizontally fixed, and the surface to be welded is in a vertical state; the foil-shaped middle layer is obliquely placed, so that the lower part of the middle layer is connected with the root of the surface to be welded of the first base material, and the included angle between the plane of the middle layer and the surface to be welded is 40-50 degrees.
7. The rapid solid-liquid MIG diffusion process of magnesium and aluminum based on a non-melting interlayer of claim 1, wherein: in the step 2), the manner of butt-jointing and fixing the welded composite structure and the second base material is as follows: and (3) the welded composite structure and the second base material are in gapless butt joint and fixed by using a fixture, and the bevel angle between the plane of the middle layer and the surface to be welded of the second base material is 50-40 degrees.
8. The rapid solid-liquid MIG diffusion process of magnesium and aluminum based on a non-melting interlayer of claim 1, wherein: in the step 2), the used magnesium welding wire is AZ31 magnesium welding wire with the diameter of 1.2 mm, and the chemical components are as follows by mass percent: 0.0006% Ni,0.003% Fe,0.0265% Si,0.2765% Mn,0.003% Cu,3.2655% Al,0.74% Zn,0.0025% Ca, the balance being Mg; the aluminum welding wire used is ER5183 aluminum welding wire with the diameter of 1.2 mm, and the chemical components are as follows in percentage by mass: 4.7% Mg,0.8% Mn, 0.3% Si, 0.3% Fe,0.17% Zn,0.14% Ti,0.08% Cu,0.11% Cr, the balance being Al.
9. The rapid solid-liquid MIG diffusion process of magnesium and aluminum based on a non-melting interlayer of claim 1, wherein: in the step 2), main welding process parameters of the magnesium base material and the intermediate layer are as follows: the welding mode is a surface tension transition mode; the welding wire is opposite to the joint center, the dry extension of the welding wire is 10-12 mm, and the wire feeding speed is 7.5-9.5 m/min; the welding current is 80-90A, the arc voltage is 17.8-18.8V, and the welding speed is 55-70 cm/min; main welding technological parameters of aluminum base material and intermediate layer: the welding mode is a cold arc welding mode; the welding wire is opposite to the joint center, the dry extension of the welding wire is 10-12 mm, and the wire feeding speed is 6.5-8 m/min; the welding current is 90-110A, the arc voltage is 17.5-18.5V, and the welding speed is 60-70 cm/min.
10. The rapid solid-liquid MIG diffusion process of magnesium and aluminum based on a non-melting interlayer of claim 1, wherein: in the step 2), the mode of protecting the front and back double-sided inert gases of the welding line is as follows: the front surface of the welding seam is protected by mixed gas with the volume fraction Ar 80% + He 20%, and the gas flow is 15-25L/min; the back surface of the welding line is protected by high-purity Ar gas with the volume fraction of 99.999%, and the gas flow is 15-20L/min.
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