CN116603458A - Hydrogen production reactor with waste heat utilization function and vehicle - Google Patents
Hydrogen production reactor with waste heat utilization function and vehicle Download PDFInfo
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- CN116603458A CN116603458A CN202310465877.7A CN202310465877A CN116603458A CN 116603458 A CN116603458 A CN 116603458A CN 202310465877 A CN202310465877 A CN 202310465877A CN 116603458 A CN116603458 A CN 116603458A
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- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 192
- 239000001257 hydrogen Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 192
- UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrogen Chemical compound [H][H] UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims abstract description 175
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 78
- 239000002918 waste heat Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 44
- OKKJLVBELUTLKV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Methanol Chemical compound OC OKKJLVBELUTLKV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 150
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 74
- 238000007789 sealing Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 65
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 43
- 239000012530 fluid Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 41
- 238000005192 partition Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 39
- 239000007864 aqueous solution Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 32
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 claims description 47
- 239000003054 catalyst Substances 0.000 claims description 46
- 238000001514 detection method Methods 0.000 claims description 43
- 238000003860 storage Methods 0.000 claims description 30
- 239000000446 fuel Substances 0.000 claims description 24
- 150000002431 hydrogen Chemical class 0.000 claims description 17
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 claims description 11
- 239000002828 fuel tank Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 5
- 230000002093 peripheral effect Effects 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000011144 upstream manufacturing Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000009826 distribution Methods 0.000 abstract description 17
- 238000002485 combustion reaction Methods 0.000 description 14
- 238000002407 reforming Methods 0.000 description 11
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 5
- 238000006057 reforming reaction Methods 0.000 description 5
- 239000004215 Carbon black (E152) Substances 0.000 description 4
- CURLTUGMZLYLDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon dioxide Chemical group O=C=O CURLTUGMZLYLDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 229930195733 hydrocarbon Natural products 0.000 description 4
- 150000002430 hydrocarbons Chemical class 0.000 description 4
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 4
- 238000001833 catalytic reforming Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 3
- 230000006872 improvement Effects 0.000 description 3
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 229910002092 carbon dioxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000001569 carbon dioxide Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000010949 copper Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000003344 environmental pollutant Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000003912 environmental pollution Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000003502 gasoline Substances 0.000 description 2
- 231100000719 pollutant Toxicity 0.000 description 2
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000000047 product Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000009467 reduction Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000002699 waste material Substances 0.000 description 2
- UGFAIRIUMAVXCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon monoxide Chemical compound [O+]#[C-] UGFAIRIUMAVXCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Copper Chemical compound [Cu] RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium oxide Inorganic materials [O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[Al+3].[Al+3] PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000006227 byproduct Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910002091 carbon monoxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000001651 catalytic steam reforming of methanol Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052802 copper Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052593 corundum Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000003254 gasoline additive Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000003208 petroleum Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000011084 recovery Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000000638 solvent extraction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000009466 transformation Effects 0.000 description 1
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Chemical compound O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910001845 yogo sapphire Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J8/00—Chemical or physical processes in general, conducted in the presence of fluids and solid particles; Apparatus for such processes
- B01J8/02—Chemical or physical processes in general, conducted in the presence of fluids and solid particles; Apparatus for such processes with stationary particles, e.g. in fixed beds
- B01J8/0285—Heating or cooling the reactor
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J8/00—Chemical or physical processes in general, conducted in the presence of fluids and solid particles; Apparatus for such processes
- B01J8/02—Chemical or physical processes in general, conducted in the presence of fluids and solid particles; Apparatus for such processes with stationary particles, e.g. in fixed beds
- B01J8/0278—Feeding reactive fluids
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C01B—NON-METALLIC ELEMENTS; COMPOUNDS THEREOF; METALLOIDS OR COMPOUNDS THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASS C01C
- C01B3/00—Hydrogen; Gaseous mixtures containing hydrogen; Separation of hydrogen from mixtures containing it; Purification of hydrogen
- C01B3/02—Production of hydrogen or of gaseous mixtures containing a substantial proportion of hydrogen
- C01B3/32—Production of hydrogen or of gaseous mixtures containing a substantial proportion of hydrogen by reaction of gaseous or liquid organic compounds with gasifying agents, e.g. water, carbon dioxide, air
- C01B3/323—Catalytic reaction of gaseous or liquid organic compounds other than hydrocarbons with gasifying agents
Landscapes
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
- Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
- Hydrogen, Water And Hydrids (AREA)
Abstract
The application discloses a hydrogen production reactor with a waste heat utilization function, which comprises: a thermally conductive separator plate; the cover plate shell assembly is arranged at the upper end of the heat conducting partition plate and is sealed with the heat conducting partition plate to form a heating passage; the sealing plate shell assembly is arranged at the lower end of the heat conducting partition plate and is sealed with the heat conducting partition plate to form a hydrogen production reaction passage; the left end of the cover plate shell assembly is provided with a waste heat inlet end, and the right end of the cover plate shell assembly is provided with a waste heat outlet end; the left end of the sealing plate shell assembly is provided with a methanol aqueous solution inlet end, and the right end of the sealing plate shell assembly is provided with a hydrogen outlet end; the inlet ends are configured in a multiple inlet configuration in a linear array and the hydrogen outlet ends are configured in a central outlet configuration. The flow field of the hydrogen production reactor with the left-right multi-inlet/central outlet structure has optimal distribution uniformity, and the reaction fluid flows into the micro-boss structure of the linear array through the plurality of inlets which are linearly arranged and flows out from the central outlet, so that the distribution uniformity of the reaction fluid in the reaction carrier is further improved, and the reaction efficiency of the hydrogen production reactor is improved.
Description
Technical Field
The application relates to the field of hydrogen production reactors, in particular to a hydrogen production reactor with a waste heat utilization function and a vehicle.
Background
The holding quantity and the demand quantity of the current vehicles are continuously increased, so that the consumption speed of petroleum resources is increased, and the serious environmental pollution problem is caused by the emission of tail gas. Therefore, development and popularization of pollution-free alternative energy sources for vehicles and waste heat recovery of vehicle tail gas are receiving more and more attention.
Research shows that hydrogen is one of excellent alternative clean energy sources, and the mixed combustion is performed by introducing the hydrogen into an internal combustion engine, so that the combustion efficiency is improved, and the emission of pollutants is reduced. However, the storage and transportation of hydrogen are extremely difficult, which becomes a big obstacle for hydrogen-doped combustion in the running process of vehicles, and an effective means for overcoming the obstacle is to prepare hydrogen as a raw material on site through catalytic reforming of hydrocarbon fuel. Among the hydrocarbon fuels, the reaction temperature of the methanol steam reforming hydrogen production is low, the hydrogen production rate is high, and the reaction can be supplied with heat by combining the waste heat of the automobile tail gas, so that the method has obvious advantages.
Catalytic reforming of hydrocarbon fuels to produce hydrogen is a strongly endothermic process and, in order to maintain the reforming reaction, it is necessary to continue to provide sufficient heat for the reaction. The utilization efficiency of heat generated by fuel combustion in an automobile engine is low, and is only about 40%, and a large amount of heat still remains in tail gas finally discharged to the atmosphere, so that energy waste and environmental pollution are caused. Therefore, the waste heat of the automobile tail gas can be utilized to supply heat for the hydrocarbon fuel catalytic reforming reaction, on one hand, the heat in the tail gas can be recycled, the heat supply problem of the reforming reaction is solved, and the energy utilization efficiency is improved; on the other hand, the hydrogen generated by the reforming reaction can be led into the internal combustion engine for mixed combustion, so that the combustion efficiency of fuel in the internal combustion engine can be improved, and the content of pollutants in tail gas can be reduced.
In addition, the process for preparing the hydrogen by reforming the methanol and the steam has relatively simple operation, the hydrogen content in the product is higher, and the reaction byproduct is carbon dioxide and has high selectivity to the carbon dioxide, so the content of carbon monoxide is extremely low; the reaction condition of the reaction is mild, the reaction temperature is in the range of 180-240 ℃ and is matched with the temperature of automobile exhaust, so that the waste heat of the automobile exhaust can be utilized to provide heat for the reaction, and the energy utilization efficiency is effectively improved.
The hydrogen production reactor is a place for carrying out the reforming reaction of the methanol and the water vapor, and plays a vital role in the reforming hydrogen production process. The hydrogen production reactor for the vehicle is provided with a waste heat heating passage and a reforming hydrogen production reaction passage, and the performances of the waste heat heating passage and the reforming hydrogen production reaction passage are important factors influencing the overall performance of the hydrogen production reactor.
Therefore, it is necessary to optimize the structure of the waste heat heating path and the reforming hydrogen production reaction path, on the one hand, the uniformity of the gas temperature distribution of the heating path and the heat utilization efficiency are improved; on the other hand, the distribution uniformity of the methanol aqueous solution fluid in the reaction passage is improved; finally, the overall heat transfer performance and reforming performance of the hydrogen production reactor are improved.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to achieve the above purpose, the technical scheme adopted by the application is as follows:
a hydrogen production reactor with waste heat utilization function, comprising:
a thermally conductive separator plate;
the cover plate shell assembly is arranged at the upper end of the heat conducting partition plate and is sealed with the heat conducting partition plate to form a heating passage;
the sealing plate shell assembly is arranged at the lower end of the heat conducting partition plate and is sealed with the heat conducting partition plate to form a hydrogen production reaction passage;
the left end of the cover plate shell assembly is provided with a waste heat inlet end, and the right end of the cover plate shell assembly is provided with a waste heat outlet end; the left end of the sealing plate shell assembly is provided with a methanol aqueous solution inlet end, and the right end of the sealing plate shell assembly is provided with a hydrogen outlet end;
the aqueous methanol inlet port is configured as a multiple inlet configuration in a linear array and the hydrogen outlet port is configured as a central outlet configuration.
Further, the cover plate shell assembly comprises a cover plate box and a cover plate flange fixedly arranged at the bottom of the cover plate box; the sealing plate shell assembly comprises a sealing plate box and a sealing plate flange fixedly arranged at the top of the sealing plate box;
the outer peripheral edge shapes of the cover plate flange, the sealing plate flange and the heat conducting partition plate are matched, threaded holes are formed in the positions, close to the outer peripheral edge, of the cover plate flange, the sealing plate flange and the heat conducting partition plate, and sealing gaskets are additionally arranged among the cover plate flange, the heat conducting partition plate and the sealing plate flange layers.
Further, a groove is formed in the sealing plate box, a micro boss of a linear array is arranged on the groove, and a catalyst is loaded on the micro boss.
Further, the multi-inlet structure comprises a fluid distributor and a plurality of constant flow valves arranged in a linear array, wherein the methanol aqueous solution inlet end is arranged on the fluid distributor and is communicated with the fluid distributor;
the fluid distributor is provided with a plurality of outlets, each outlet is communicated with a constant flow valve, the constant flow valve is arranged on the left side of the sealing plate box, and the outlet end of the constant flow valve is communicated with the inside of the sealing plate box.
Further, a plurality of transverse baffles are arranged in the sealing plate box to uniformly divide the space in the sealing plate box into a plurality of reaction chambers A, and the number of the reaction chambers A is the same as that of the constant flow valves;
a vertical partition plate is arranged in the sealing plate box to divide each reaction chamber A into a working area B and a detection area C, and the working area B is communicated with the detection area C;
the micro-boss of the linear array is arranged in each working area B, and each detection area C is internally provided with a first hydrogen sensor.
Further, a hydrogen sensor is arranged in the hydrogen storage tank to detect the concentration of hydrogen entering the hydrogen storage tank;
the right end of the sealing plate box is also provided with a hydrogen collection box which is communicated with each detection area C;
wherein, all offered the pipe perforation on apron flange and the heat conduction baffle to the hydrogen outlet end that is extended by the hydrogen collection case, the pipe perforation of heat conduction baffle and the pipe perforation of apron flange are run through in proper order.
Further, the method comprises the steps of,
if it isAnd->Only the catalyst in the ith working area B needs to be replaced;
if it isAnd->All catalysts need to be replaced;
wherein C is i For the hydrogen concentration value detected in the i (i=1, 2 …, n) th detection zone C, n is the number of reaction chambers a; epsilon is the deviation value of the hydrogen concentration value in one detection area C which is obviously lower than the hydrogen concentration value detected in other detection areas C p As the hydrogen concentration value in the hydrogen storage tank,a threshold value specified for the hydrogen concentration value in the hydrogen tank.
Further, a plurality of guide vanes are arranged in the heating passage, the guide vanes are vertically arranged, the lower ends of the guide vanes are fixedly arranged on the upper end face of the heat conducting partition plate, and the upper ends of the guide vanes are in contact with the top face of the cover plate shell assembly;
wherein, the plurality of guide vanes are arranged in an array of m rows by n columns, and the guide vanes between adjacent columns are arranged in a staggered way; and the cross section of the guide vane is arc-shaped.
A vehicle, comprising:
the engine, the fuel injector, the fuel tank and the tail gas emission unit comprise a tail gas emission pipeline connected with the engine, and a muffler is arranged on the tail gas emission pipeline;
a methanol aqueous solution storage tank, a methanol aqueous solution pump and the hydrogen production reactor;
the methanol aqueous solution storage tank is communicated with the inlet end of the hydrogen production reaction passage through a first pipeline, and the outlet end of the hydrogen production reaction passage is communicated with the fuel injector through a second pipeline;
the heating passage is positioned at the upstream of the muffler, the engine is communicated with the inlet end of the heating passage through the tail gas discharge pipeline, and the outlet end of the heating passage is communicated with the muffler through the tail gas discharge pipeline.
Further, the methanol aqueous solution storage tank is communicated with the methanol aqueous solution inlet end through a first pipeline, and the hydrogen outlet end is communicated with the fuel injector through a second pipeline;
the engine is communicated with the waste heat inlet end through the tail gas discharge pipeline, and the waste heat outlet end is communicated with the muffler through the tail gas discharge pipeline.
Compared with the prior art, the application has the following beneficial effects:
1. the flow field of the hydrogen production reactor with the left-right multi-inlet/central outlet structure has optimal distribution uniformity, and the reaction fluid flows into the micro-boss structure of the linear array through the plurality of inlets which are linearly arranged and flows out from the central outlet, so that the distribution uniformity of the reaction fluid in the reaction carrier is further improved, and the reaction efficiency of the hydrogen production reactor is improved.
2. By configuring the constant flow valve, the flow rate of the fluid entering the constant flow valve is constant regardless of the size of the fluid, and the flow rate of the fluid discharged after passing through the constant flow valve is constant. Therefore, the flow rate of the methanol aqueous solution flowing in from each inlet is the same, and the methanol aqueous solution is ensured to uniformly enter the hydrogen production reaction passage from the multi-inlet structure in a linear array, and finally the distribution uniformity of the reaction fluid in the reaction carrier is ensured.
3. The cover plate flange, the heat conduction baffle plate and the sealing plate flange are in sealing connection through the threaded fastener, when the catalyst needs to be replaced, the catalyst can be replaced by only opening the threaded fastener and moving away the heat conduction baffle plate and the cover plate shell assembly. Thereby, easy replacement of the catalyst is achieved.
4. The methanol aqueous solution enters the working areas B and is catalytically reformed to form mixed gas containing hydrogen, the mixed gas further enters the detection areas C corresponding to the working areas B, the concentration of the hydrogen in each detection area C is detected, and whether the occurrence of the failure of the catalyst in a certain working area B is determined by comparing the values of the hydrogen concentrations in different detection areas C. Therefore, the phenomenon that the catalyst in the sealing plate box is completely replaced only by relying on the detection result of the hydrogen sensor in the hydrogen storage box, and the catalyst in a partial area is wasted is avoided.
5. The application can rapidly and accurately compare the hydrogen concentration values in different detection areas C to determine whether the catalyst in a certain working area B fails or whether the whole catalyst in the hydrogen production reaction passage fails. Therefore, the situation that the catalyst in the sealing plate box is completely replaced only depending on the detection result of the hydrogen sensor in the hydrogen storage box is avoided.
6. The space in the sealing plate box is uniformly divided into a plurality of reaction chambers A, the number of the reaction chambers A is the same as that of the inlets, the performance of the catalyst in each region is detected by the first hydrogen sensor in a partitioning mode, the situation that the catalyst in the sealing plate box is completely replaced only by relying on the detection result of the hydrogen sensor in the hydrogen storage box is avoided, the catalyst in a part of regions is wasted, and the distribution uniformity of the reaction fluid in the hydrogen preparation reaction passage is further improved.
7. The heat exchange area of the heating passage is larger due to the arc-shaped flow guide plates, the flow passage is tortuous, the flow path of fluid is increased, the residence time of the fluid in the heating passage is longer, more time is available for heat exchange, and therefore improvement of the heat exchange performance of the hydrogen production reactor is facilitated. When the fluid flows through the staggered guide plates, the high-temperature central area which is not contacted with the guide plates before heating the gas flows through the guide plates due to the bifurcation effect of the staggered guide plates on the fluid, and the area of the high-temperature central area is reduced by the diversion plates, so that the uniformity of temperature distribution is promoted, meanwhile, the flow field distribution in the heating passage is more uniform, and the heat transfer performance of the heating passage is enhanced.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is an overall view of a supply system for a hydrogen-producing internal combustion engine by waste heat reforming of a vehicle in accordance with the present application;
FIG. 2 is a partial view of a supply system for an internal combustion engine for hydrogen production by waste heat reforming of a vehicle in accordance with the present application;
FIG. 3 is a diagram of the overall structure of the hydrogen production reactor of the present application;
FIG. 4 is a second overall structure of the hydrogen production reactor of the present application;
FIG. 5 is an exploded view of a hydrogen production reactor according to the present application;
FIG. 6 is a block diagram of a cover plate housing assembly of the present application;
FIG. 7 is a block diagram of a thermally conductive separator plate of the present application;
FIG. 8 is a top view of a thermally conductive separator plate of the present application;
FIG. 9 is a first block diagram of a closure plate housing assembly according to the present application;
FIG. 10 is a second block diagram of the closure plate housing assembly of the present application.
The hydrogen production system comprises a chassis assembly 1, an engine 2, a fuel injector 3, a fuel tank 4, an exhaust gas discharge pipeline 5, a muffler 6, a methanol aqueous solution storage tank 7, a first pipeline 8, a second pipeline 9, a hydrogen production reactor 100, a heat conducting partition plate 110, a threaded hole 111, a pipe perforation 112, a guide vane 113, a cover plate shell assembly 120, a waste heat inlet end 121, a waste heat outlet end 122, a cover plate box 123, a cover plate flange 124, a threaded hole 125, a pipe perforation 126, a cover plate shell assembly 130, a methanol aqueous solution inlet end 131, a hydrogen outlet end 132, a cover plate box 133, a diaphragm 1331, a vertical diaphragm 1332, a reaction chamber A, a working area B, a detection area C, a cover plate flange 134, a threaded hole 135, a micro boss 136, a fluid distributor 137, a constant flow valve 138 and a hydrogen collecting box 139.
Detailed Description
The following detailed description of the embodiments of the application, provided in the accompanying drawings, is not intended to limit the scope of the application, as claimed, but is merely representative of selected embodiments of the application. All other embodiments, which can be made by those skilled in the art based on the embodiments of the application without making any inventive effort, are intended to be within the scope of the application.
As shown in fig. 1 to 10, the present embodiment provides a vehicle including a chassis assembly 1, and an engine 2, a fuel injector 3, a fuel tank 4 and an exhaust emission unit mounted on the chassis assembly 1, it is understood that the chassis assembly 1, the engine 2, the fuel injector 3, the fuel tank 4 and the exhaust emission unit all belong to the prior art, and have conventional functions, and the present embodiment is not specifically limited herein. It is worth noting that the exhaust gas discharge unit includes an exhaust gas discharge pipe 5 connected to the engine 2, and a muffler 6 is disposed on the exhaust gas discharge pipe 5.
The vehicle provided in this embodiment is further provided with a methanol aqueous solution tank 7, a methanol aqueous solution pump (not shown), and a hydrogen production reactor 100. The methanol aqueous solution storage tank 7, the methanol aqueous solution pump and the hydrogen production reactor 100, the engine 2, the fuel injector 3, the fuel tank 4 and the tail gas emission unit together form a supply system of the waste heat reforming hydrogen production internal combustion engine of the vehicle.
In the supply system for the internal combustion engine for hydrogen production by waste heat reforming according to the present embodiment, the hydrogen production reactor 100 is provided with two paths, namely, a hydrogen production reaction path and a heating path. The methanol aqueous solution storage tank 7 is communicated with the inlet end of the hydrogen production reaction passage through a first pipeline 8, and the outlet end of the hydrogen production reaction passage is communicated with the fuel injector 3 through a second pipeline 9; the heating passage is located upstream of the muffler 6, the engine 2 communicates with an inlet end of the heating passage through an exhaust gas discharge pipe 5, and an outlet end of the heating passage communicates with the muffler 6 through the exhaust gas discharge pipe 5.
Thus, the heating path of the hydrogen production reactor 100 is connected in series to the exhaust gas discharge unit. After the aqueous methanol solution in the tank 7 is pumped into the hydrogen production reaction path of the hydrogen production reactor 100, the aqueous methanol solution is cracked under the waste heat of the exhaust gas and the catalyst to generate hydrogen and stored in a hydrogen tank (not shown). Under the vacuum degree of the engine cylinder, the hydrogen in the hydrogen storage tank is sucked into the fuel injector 3 to be mixed with atomized gasoline, and the concentration of the mixed fuel can be controlled through a throttle valve.
The waste heat hydrogen production engine not only effectively utilizes the waste heat of the automobile tail gas to reform methanol to produce hydrogen as a gasoline additive, but also effectively improves the combustion characteristic and emission characteristic of gasoline; the device does not need to carry hydrogen on the vehicle, so that a small amount of methanol in the methanol tank can be carried on the vehicle to generate hydrogen fuel as required, and the problems that the hydrogen fuel is difficult to store directly on an automobile and the safety is solved; the addition and storage of the methanol are similar to the traditional fuel, so that the improvement of a car and the establishment of a supply station are facilitated; under the condition of proper catalyst, the hydrogen generator has high hydrogen production rate, so that the fuel cost is low.
The hydrogen production reactor 100 provided in this embodiment includes a heat-conducting partition plate 110, a cover plate shell assembly 120 disposed at an upper end of the heat-conducting partition plate 110, and a cover plate shell assembly 130 disposed at a lower end of the heat-conducting partition plate 110. The cover plate shell assembly 120 and the heat conducting partition plate 110 are sealed to form a heating passage, and the cover plate shell assembly 130 and the heat conducting partition plate 110 are sealed to form a hydrogen production reaction passage. The left end of the cover plate case assembly 120 is provided with a waste heat inlet end 121, and the right end is provided with a waste heat outlet end 122; the left end of the closure plate housing assembly 130 is provided with a methanol aqueous solution inlet end 131, and the right end is provided with a hydrogen outlet end 132.
Thus, the methanol aqueous solution storage tank 7 is communicated with the methanol aqueous solution inlet end 131 through the first pipeline 8, and the hydrogen outlet end 132 is communicated with the fuel injector 3 through the second pipeline 9; the engine 2 is connected to the waste heat inlet end 121 through the exhaust gas discharge pipe 5, and the waste heat outlet end 122 is connected to the muffler 6 through the exhaust gas discharge pipe 5.
It will be appreciated that the terms "left," "right," "middle," and "medium" are based on the orientation or positional relationship shown in fig. 3, 4, and do not indicate or imply that the devices or elements referred to must have a particular orientation, be constructed and operated in a particular orientation, and therefore should not be construed as limiting the application.
Specifically, the cover plate case assembly 120 includes a cover plate case 123 and a cover plate flange 124 fixedly disposed at the bottom of the cover plate case 123; the closure shell assembly 130 includes a closure box 133 and a closure flange 134 fixedly disposed on top of the closure box 133. The shapes of the outer circumferences of the cover flange 124, the sealing plate flange 134 and the heat conducting partition plate 110 are matched, threaded holes 125, 135 and 111 are formed in the positions, close to the outer circumferences, of the cover flange 124, the sealing plate flange 134 and the heat conducting partition plate 110, sealing gaskets (not shown) are additionally arranged between each layer of the cover flange 124, the heat conducting partition plate 110 and the sealing plate flange 134, and the sealing is performed through pressurizing and fastening of the cover flange 124 and the sealing plate flange 134 through bolts and nuts (not shown).
Preferably, the cover plate case 123 and the cover plate flange 124 are integrally formed, and the cover plate case 133 and the cover plate flange 134 are integrally formed.
In this embodiment, a groove is formed in the sealing plate case 133, and a linear array of micro-bosses 136 are disposed on the groove, copper-based catalyst Cu/ZnO/Al2O3 is supported on the micro-bosses 136, the aqueous methanol solution flows into the linear array of micro-boss structures from the aqueous methanol solution inlet end 131, the reforming hydrogen production reaction is performed, and the product flows out from the hydrogen outlet end 132.
Wherein the aqueous methanol solution inlet port 131 is configured as a multi-inlet structure in a linear array, the hydrogen outlet port 132 is configured as a central outlet structure, and in particular, the present embodiment is configured as four inlets.
By the arrangement, the hydrogen production reactor 100 with the left-right multi-inlet/central outlet structure has the optimal flow field distribution uniformity, and the matched reaction fluid flows into the micro-boss structure of the linear array through the plurality of inlets which are linearly arranged and flows out from the central outlet, so that the distribution uniformity of the reaction fluid in the reaction carrier is further improved, and the reaction efficiency of the hydrogen production reactor 100 is improved.
Specifically, the multi-inlet structure includes a fluid distributor 137 and a plurality of constant flow valves 138 arranged in a linear array, the aqueous methanol solution inlet 131 is disposed at the fluid distributor 137, and the aqueous methanol solution inlet 131 is communicated with the fluid distributor 137; the fluid distributor 137 is provided with a plurality of outlets, and each outlet is communicated with one constant flow valve 138, the constant flow valve 138 is mounted on the left side of the sealing plate box 133, and the outlet end of the constant flow valve 138 is communicated with the inside of the sealing plate box 133.
Thus, when the aqueous methanol solution is pumped, the fluid in the aqueous methanol solution tank 7 is pumped into the fluid distributor 137 through the aqueous methanol solution inlet port 131, and then enters the sealing plate tank 133 through the plurality of constant flow valves 138, i.e., enters the hydrogen production reaction path. Thus, the reaction fluid is enabled to flow into the micro-boss structure of the linear array through the plurality of inlets which are linearly arranged.
In this embodiment, the constant flow valve 138 is configured, so that the flow rate of the fluid entering the constant flow valve 138 is constant regardless of the size of the fluid discharged after passing through the constant flow valve 138. Therefore, the flow rate of the methanol aqueous solution flowing in from each inlet is the same, and the methanol aqueous solution is ensured to uniformly enter the hydrogen production reaction passage from the multi-inlet structure in a linear array, and finally the distribution uniformity of the reaction fluid in the reaction carrier is ensured.
It is understood that the constant flow valve 138 of the present embodiment may be a conventional valve.
It is noted that the catalyst supported on the micropockets 136 is life-time and requires replacement when the catalyst fails. In this embodiment, the cover flange 124, the heat conductive partition 110 and the sealing plate flange 134 are connected in a sealing manner by threaded fasteners, and when the catalyst needs to be replaced, the catalyst can be replaced by only opening the threaded fasteners and removing the heat conductive partition 110 together with the cover shell assembly 120. Thereby, easy replacement of the catalyst is achieved.
Preferably, a hydrogen sensor is provided in the hydrogen storage tank to detect the concentration of hydrogen entering the hydrogen storage tank, thereby determining the overall performance of the hydrogen production reactor 100. If a decrease in the hydrogen concentration is detected, the catalyst can be replaced.
It will be appreciated that although the present embodiment has ensured as much as possible uniformity of the distribution of the fluid in the reaction carrier, absolute uniformity is not ensured in practice, and therefore the extent of use of the catalyst at different locations is different. On the other hand, the initial mass of the catalyst at different locations may also be quite different, which may result in different catalyst failure times at different locations. At this time, if the catalyst in the seal plate case 133 is replaced entirely only by the result of detection by the hydrogen sensor in the hydrogen storage case, the catalyst in a partial region is wasted.
In order to eliminate the above problems, in the hydrogen production reactor 100 provided in this embodiment, a plurality of transverse baffles 1331 are disposed in the sealing plate box 133 to uniformly divide the space in the sealing plate box 133 into a plurality of reaction chambers a, and the number of the reaction chambers a is the same as that of the constant flow valves 138; a vertical partition 1332 is further arranged in the sealing plate box 133 to divide each reaction chamber A into a working area B and a detection area C, and the working area B is communicated with the detection area C; a linear array of microposts 136 is disposed in each working area B, and a first hydrogen sensor (not shown) is disposed in each detection area C.
Through the arrangement, the methanol aqueous solution enters the working areas B and is catalytically reformed to form the mixed gas containing hydrogen, the mixed gas further enters the detection areas C corresponding to each working area B, the hydrogen concentration in each detection area C is detected, and whether the catalyst failure event in a certain working area B occurs is determined by comparing the values of the hydrogen concentrations in different detection areas C. Therefore, the phenomenon that the catalyst in the sealing plate box 133 is completely replaced only by relying on the detection result of the hydrogen sensor in the hydrogen storage box, and the catalyst in a partial area is wasted is avoided.
Specifically, C i For the hydrogen concentration value detected in the i-th detection zone C, i=1, 2 …, n, n is the number of reaction chambers a:
if it isAnd->The hydrogen concentration value detected in the ith detection zone C is obviously lower than the hydrogen concentration values detected in other detection zones C, but the hydrogen concentration value in the hydrogen storage tank is not lower than a specified threshold, namely the catalyst in the ith working zone B corresponding to the ith detection zone C is invalid, and only the catalyst in the ith working zone B needs to be replaced at the moment;
if it isAnd->The hydrogen concentration value detected in each detection zone C is not obviously lower than the hydrogen concentration values detected in other detection zones C, and the hydrogen concentration value in the hydrogen storage tank is lower than a specified threshold, namely all the catalysts in all the working zones B are invalid, and all the catalysts need to be replaced at the moment;
wherein epsilon is the deviation value of the hydrogen concentration value in one detection area C which is obviously lower than the hydrogen concentration value detected in other detection areas C, C p As the hydrogen concentration value in the hydrogen storage tank,a threshold value specified for the hydrogen concentration value in the hydrogen tank.
By the arrangement, the hydrogen concentration values in different detection areas C can be rapidly and accurately compared to determine whether the catalyst in a certain working area B fails or whether the whole catalyst in the hydrogen production reaction passage fails. Therefore, the phenomenon that the catalyst in the sealing plate box 133 is completely replaced only by relying on the detection result of the hydrogen sensor in the hydrogen storage box, and the catalyst in a partial area is wasted is avoided.
It should be noted that, the space in the sealing plate box 133 is uniformly divided into a plurality of reaction chambers a, and the number of the reaction chambers a is the same as the number of the inlets, which is not only beneficial to detecting the performance of the catalyst in each region by the first hydrogen sensor partition, but also avoids completely replacing the catalyst in the sealing plate box 133 only depending on the detection result of the hydrogen sensor in the hydrogen storage box, thereby causing the waste of the catalyst in partial regions and further improving the distribution uniformity of the reaction fluid in the hydrogen production reaction path.
In this embodiment, the right end of the sealing plate case 133 is further provided with a hydrogen collection case 139, and the hydrogen collection case 139 communicates with each detection area C. Thus, the gas in the detection zone C enters the hydrogen collection tank 139 to be collected, and flows into the hydrogen tank through the hydrogen outlet port 132 after being collected.
Further, the cover flange 124 and the heat conducting partition plate 110 are provided with pipe perforations 126 and 112, so that the hydrogen outlet end 132 extending from the hydrogen collecting tank 139 sequentially penetrates through the pipe perforation 112 of the heat conducting partition plate 110 and the pipe perforation 126 of the cover flange 124, and is connected with the second pipeline 9.
The hydrogen production reactor 100 of the present embodiment optimizes not only the structure of the hydrogen production reaction path but also the heating path thereof.
It will be appreciated that the heat utilization of the heated gas is inefficient due to the large heat transfer resistance of the gas in the heating path. And the temperature difference between the hot air flows at the upper end and the lower end of the heating passage is large, the temperature of the hot air flow close to one end of the hydrogen production reaction passage is lower than that of other areas of the passage, and the temperature of the hot air flow is still high at the outlet of the heating passage, so that the hot air flows are discharged without timely providing heat for the reforming reaction, and the thermal efficiency of the reactor is reduced.
In order to eliminate the above-described problem, in the present embodiment, a plurality of guide fins 113 are provided in the heating path to partition the heating path. Therefore, due to the effect of the guide vane, the large-area high-temperature area in the center of the heating passage is divided into a plurality of small-area high-temperature areas by the guide vane, the area of the high-temperature area with the same section is obviously reduced, the heat conductivity coefficient of the guide vane is far higher than that of waste heat gas, the heat of the heating gas at the center and the bottom of the heating passage can be quickly transferred to the hydrogen production reaction passage through the guide vane, the temperature reduction speed of the heating gas and the area reduction speed of the high-temperature area are obviously accelerated along the length direction of the hydrogen production reactor 100, the problem that the heat of the high-temperature area in the center of the heating passage cannot be effectively utilized is effectively solved, and the heat utilization efficiency is greatly improved.
Preferably, the guide plates 113 are vertically arranged, and the lower ends of the guide plates 113 are fixedly mounted on the upper end surfaces of the heat conducting partition plates 110, so that the heat of the heating gas at the center and the bottom of the heating passage can be quickly transferred to the hydrogen production reaction passage through the guide plates. The upper end of the deflector 113 contacts the top surface of the cover case 123.
Wherein, the plurality of guide vanes 113 are arranged in an array of m rows by n columns, and the guide vanes 113 between adjacent columns are staggered; the cross section of the deflector 113 is arc-shaped.
With this arrangement, the arcuately arranged guide vanes 113 are staggered in cooperation with the guide vanes 113 between adjacent columns. The heat exchange area of the heating passage is larger due to the arc-shaped flow guide plates 113, the flow passage is tortuous, the flow path of fluid is increased, the residence time of the fluid in the heating passage is longer, more time is available for heat exchange, and therefore improvement of the heat exchange performance of the hydrogen production reactor 100 is facilitated. In addition, when the fluid flows through the staggered guide plates 113, due to the bifurcation effect of the staggered guide plates 113 on the fluid, the high-temperature central area which is not contacted with the guide plates 113 before the gas is heated flows to the guide plates 113 and is shunted by the guide plates 113 to reduce the area of the guide plates, so that the uniformity of temperature distribution is promoted, meanwhile, the flow field distribution in the heating passage becomes more uniform, and the heat transfer performance of the heating passage is enhanced.
The foregoing is illustrative of the best mode of carrying out the application, and is not presented in any detail as is known to those of ordinary skill in the art. The protection scope of the application is defined by the claims, and any equivalent transformation based on the technical teaching of the application is also within the protection scope of the application.
Claims (10)
1. A hydrogen production reactor with waste heat utilization function, comprising:
a thermally conductive separator plate;
the cover plate shell assembly is arranged at the upper end of the heat conducting partition plate and is sealed with the heat conducting partition plate to form a heating passage;
the sealing plate shell assembly is arranged at the lower end of the heat conducting partition plate and is sealed with the heat conducting partition plate to form a hydrogen production reaction passage;
the left end of the cover plate shell assembly is provided with a waste heat inlet end, and the right end of the cover plate shell assembly is provided with a waste heat outlet end; the left end of the sealing plate shell assembly is provided with a methanol aqueous solution inlet end, and the right end of the sealing plate shell assembly is provided with a hydrogen outlet end;
wherein the aqueous methanol solution inlet port is configured as a multiple inlet structure in a linear array and the hydrogen outlet port is configured as a central outlet structure.
2. The hydrogen production reactor with a waste heat utilization function according to claim 1, wherein: the cover plate shell assembly comprises a cover plate box and a cover plate flange fixedly arranged at the bottom of the cover plate box; the sealing plate shell assembly comprises a sealing plate box and a sealing plate flange fixedly arranged at the top of the sealing plate box;
the outer peripheral edge shapes of the cover plate flange, the sealing plate flange and the heat conducting partition plate are matched, threaded holes are formed in the positions, close to the outer peripheral edge, of the cover plate flange, the sealing plate flange and the heat conducting partition plate, and sealing gaskets are additionally arranged among the cover plate flange, the heat conducting partition plate and the sealing plate flange layers.
3. The hydrogen production reactor with a waste heat utilization function according to claim 2, wherein: a groove is formed in the sealing plate box, a micro boss of a linear array is arranged on the groove, and a catalyst is loaded on the micro boss.
4. The hydrogen production reactor with a waste heat utilization function according to claim 2, wherein: the multi-inlet structure comprises a fluid distributor and a plurality of constant flow valves arranged in a linear array, wherein the methanol aqueous solution inlet end is arranged on the fluid distributor and is communicated with the fluid distributor;
the fluid distributor is provided with a plurality of outlets, each outlet is communicated with a constant flow valve, the constant flow valve is arranged on the left side of the sealing plate box, and the outlet end of the constant flow valve is communicated with the inside of the sealing plate box.
5. The hydrogen production reactor with a waste heat utilization function according to claim 2, wherein: a plurality of transverse baffles are arranged in the sealing plate box to uniformly divide the space in the sealing plate box into a plurality of reaction chambers A, and the number of the reaction chambers A is the same as that of the constant flow valves;
a vertical partition plate is arranged in the sealing plate box to divide each reaction chamber A into a working area B and a detection area C, and the working area B is communicated with the detection area C;
the micro-boss of the linear array is arranged in each working area B, and each detection area C is internally provided with a first hydrogen sensor.
6. The hydrogen production reactor with a waste heat utilization function according to claim 5, wherein: a hydrogen sensor is arranged in the hydrogen storage tank to detect the concentration of hydrogen entering the hydrogen storage tank;
the right end of the sealing plate box is also provided with a hydrogen collection box which is communicated with each detection area C;
wherein, all offered the pipe perforation on apron flange and the heat conduction baffle to the hydrogen outlet end that is extended by the hydrogen collection case, the pipe perforation of heat conduction baffle and the pipe perforation of apron flange are run through in proper order.
7. The hydrogen production reactor with a waste heat utilization function according to claim 6, wherein:
if it isAnd->Only the catalyst in the ith working area B needs to be replaced;
if it isAnd->All catalysts need to be replaced;
wherein C is i For the hydrogen concentration value detected in the i (i=1, 2 …, n) th detection zone C, n is the number of reaction chambers a; epsilon is the deviation value of the hydrogen concentration value in one detection area C which is obviously lower than the hydrogen concentration value detected in other detection areas C p As the hydrogen concentration value in the hydrogen storage tank,a threshold value specified for the hydrogen concentration value in the hydrogen tank.
8. The hydrogen production reactor with a waste heat utilization function according to claim 1, wherein: a plurality of guide vanes are arranged in the heating passage, the guide vanes are vertically arranged, the lower ends of the guide vanes are fixedly arranged on the upper end face of the heat conducting partition plate, and the upper ends of the guide vanes are in contact with the top face of the cover plate shell assembly;
wherein, the plurality of guide vanes are arranged in an array of m rows by n columns, and the guide vanes between adjacent columns are arranged in a staggered way; and the cross section of the guide vane is arc-shaped.
9. A vehicle, characterized by comprising:
the engine, the fuel injector, the fuel tank and the tail gas emission unit comprise a tail gas emission pipeline connected with the engine, and a muffler is arranged on the tail gas emission pipeline;
a methanol aqueous solution tank, a methanol aqueous solution pump, and a hydrogen production reactor as claimed in any one of claims 1-8;
the methanol aqueous solution storage tank is communicated with the inlet end of the hydrogen production reaction passage through a first pipeline, and the outlet end of the hydrogen production reaction passage is communicated with the fuel injector through a second pipeline;
the heating passage is positioned at the upstream of the muffler, the engine is communicated with the inlet end of the heating passage through the tail gas discharge pipeline, and the outlet end of the heating passage is communicated with the muffler through the tail gas discharge pipeline.
10. The vehicle according to claim 9, characterized in that: the methanol aqueous solution storage tank is communicated with the methanol aqueous solution inlet end through a first pipeline, and the hydrogen outlet end is communicated with the fuel injector through a second pipeline;
the engine is communicated with the waste heat inlet end through the tail gas discharge pipeline, and the waste heat outlet end is communicated with the muffler through the tail gas discharge pipeline.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN202310465877.7A CN116603458A (en) | 2023-04-27 | 2023-04-27 | Hydrogen production reactor with waste heat utilization function and vehicle |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN202310465877.7A CN116603458A (en) | 2023-04-27 | 2023-04-27 | Hydrogen production reactor with waste heat utilization function and vehicle |
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| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CN116603458A true CN116603458A (en) | 2023-08-18 |
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| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN202310465877.7A Pending CN116603458A (en) | 2023-04-27 | 2023-04-27 | Hydrogen production reactor with waste heat utilization function and vehicle |
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| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| CN (1) | CN116603458A (en) |
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2023
- 2023-04-27 CN CN202310465877.7A patent/CN116603458A/en active Pending
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