CN116599188A - Battery charging management system and battery management method - Google Patents

Battery charging management system and battery management method Download PDF

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Publication number
CN116599188A
CN116599188A CN202310687640.3A CN202310687640A CN116599188A CN 116599188 A CN116599188 A CN 116599188A CN 202310687640 A CN202310687640 A CN 202310687640A CN 116599188 A CN116599188 A CN 116599188A
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China
Prior art keywords
module
main
discharge
battery
voltage
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CN202310687640.3A
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Chinese (zh)
Inventor
张强
张书阳
付战超
佟天野
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Suzhou Luck Power Electronics Technology Co ltd
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Suzhou Luck Power Electronics Technology Co ltd
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Priority to CN202310687640.3A priority Critical patent/CN116599188A/en
Publication of CN116599188A publication Critical patent/CN116599188A/en
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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J7/00—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries
    • H02J7/007—Regulation of charging or discharging current or voltage
    • H02J7/00712—Regulation of charging or discharging current or voltage the cycle being controlled or terminated in response to electric parameters
    • H02J7/007182—Regulation of charging or discharging current or voltage the cycle being controlled or terminated in response to electric parameters in response to battery voltage
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M10/42—Methods or arrangements for servicing or maintenance of secondary cells or secondary half-cells
    • H01M10/425—Structural combination with electronic components, e.g. electronic circuits integrated to the outside of the casing
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M10/42—Methods or arrangements for servicing or maintenance of secondary cells or secondary half-cells
    • H01M10/44—Methods for charging or discharging
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M10/42—Methods or arrangements for servicing or maintenance of secondary cells or secondary half-cells
    • H01M10/44—Methods for charging or discharging
    • H01M10/443—Methods for charging or discharging in response to temperature
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02H—EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS
    • H02H7/00—Emergency protective circuit arrangements specially adapted for specific types of electric machines or apparatus or for sectionalised protection of cable or line systems, and effecting automatic switching in the event of an undesired change from normal working conditions
    • H02H7/18—Emergency protective circuit arrangements specially adapted for specific types of electric machines or apparatus or for sectionalised protection of cable or line systems, and effecting automatic switching in the event of an undesired change from normal working conditions for batteries; for accumulators
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J7/00—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries
    • H02J7/0029—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries with safety or protection devices or circuits
    • H02J7/0031—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries with safety or protection devices or circuits using battery or load disconnect circuits
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J7/00—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries
    • H02J7/0047—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries with monitoring or indicating devices or circuits
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J7/00—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries
    • H02J7/0047—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries with monitoring or indicating devices or circuits
    • H02J7/0048—Detection of remaining charge capacity or state of charge [SOC]
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J7/00—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries
    • H02J7/0047—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries with monitoring or indicating devices or circuits
    • H02J7/0048—Detection of remaining charge capacity or state of charge [SOC]
    • H02J7/0049—Detection of fully charged condition
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J7/00—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries
    • H02J7/0068—Battery or charger load switching, e.g. concurrent charging and load supply
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J7/00—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries
    • H02J7/007—Regulation of charging or discharging current or voltage
    • H02J7/00712—Regulation of charging or discharging current or voltage the cycle being controlled or terminated in response to electric parameters
    • H02J7/00714—Regulation of charging or discharging current or voltage the cycle being controlled or terminated in response to electric parameters in response to battery charging or discharging current
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J7/00—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries
    • H02J7/007—Regulation of charging or discharging current or voltage
    • H02J7/007188—Regulation of charging or discharging current or voltage the charge cycle being controlled or terminated in response to non-electric parameters
    • H02J7/007192—Regulation of charging or discharging current or voltage the charge cycle being controlled or terminated in response to non-electric parameters in response to temperature
    • H02J7/007194—Regulation of charging or discharging current or voltage the charge cycle being controlled or terminated in response to non-electric parameters in response to temperature of the battery
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J2207/00—Indexing scheme relating to details of circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries
    • H02J2207/20—Charging or discharging characterised by the power electronics converter

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Power Engineering (AREA)
  • Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Electrochemistry (AREA)
  • General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Microelectronics & Electronic Packaging (AREA)
  • Secondary Cells (AREA)
  • Charge And Discharge Circuits For Batteries Or The Like (AREA)

Abstract

The application discloses a battery charging management system and a battery management method, wherein the management method comprises the following steps: initializing the pre-discharge module, the main discharge module, the pre-charge module and the main charge module to enable the pre-discharge module, the main discharge module, the pre-charge module and the main charge module to be in a disconnection state; obtaining a sampling value of the discharge negative voltage to judge whether a controllable switch of the main discharge module breaks down and is damaged, if not, controlling the pre-discharge module to be conducted, obtaining the sampling value of the discharge negative voltage to judge whether the current connected load state is abnormal, and if so, controlling the pre-discharge module to be disconnected and controlling the main discharge module to be conducted; acquiring a sampling value of the discharge negative voltage to judge whether a controllable switch of the main discharge module is broken or not, if not, controlling the main discharge module and the pre-charge module to be conducted, and controlling the pre-discharge module and the main charge module to be disconnected; and acquiring a sampling value of the charging negative electrode voltage to judge whether the current accessed charger state is abnormal, and if so, controlling the pre-charging module to be disconnected and controlling the main charging module to be conducted.

Description

Battery charging management system and battery management method
RELATED APPLICATIONS
The application is a divisional application. The parent application of the divisional application is an application patent application with the application date of 2022, 11, 10, the application number of 2022114073341 and the application name of a battery operation management system and a battery operation management method.
Technical Field
The present application relates to the field of battery control, and in particular, to a battery charging management system and a battery management method.
Background
A BMS (Battery Management System ) is a device for controlling charge and discharge of a battery by monitoring physical quantities such as battery temperature, voltage, current, etc. The existing BMS mainly has two charge and discharge management architectures, one of which is charge and discharge at the same port, namely, charge and discharge are led out from the same interface, and the architecture is simple, but the cost is higher. The second is the split, namely the charging port and the discharging port are completely separated, the cost is lower, but the charging MOS has small quantity, and the charging MOS is extremely easy to damage when being impacted by short circuit.
Patent 202120698916.4 discloses a half-split charging and discharging architecture, but the charging MOS has only one direction switch, and when discharging is started, the charging port can directly output high-voltage electricity, so that the risk of electric shock and ignition is caused.
The above disclosure of background art is only for aiding in understanding the inventive concept and technical solution of the present application, and it does not necessarily belong to the prior art of the present patent application, nor does it necessarily give technical teaching; the above background should not be used to assess the novelty and creativity of the present application in the event that no clear evidence indicates that such is already disclosed prior to the filing date of the present patent application.
Disclosure of Invention
The application aims to provide a battery charging management system which ensures safe operation of battery charging.
In order to achieve the above purpose, the application adopts the following technical scheme: a battery charge management system for controlling a charging operation of a battery, the system comprising:
the device comprises a pre-discharge module and a main discharge module which are connected in parallel, wherein the pre-discharge module and the main discharge module are respectively provided with a controllable switch;
the device comprises a precharge module and a main charging module which are connected in parallel, wherein the precharge module is a serial branch of a third MOS switch tube and a second resistor, and the main charging module is a fourth MOS switch tube;
the main discharging module and the battery form a discharging loop, and the main discharging module, the main charging module and the battery form a charging loop, comprising: a fifth MOS switch tube is arranged between the main discharging module and the main charging module, the unidirectional conduction direction of a body diode of the fifth MOS switch tube is the direction from the main charging module to the main discharging module, and the main discharging module, the fifth MOS switch tube, the main charging module and the battery form a charging loop;
the system further includes a sampling module and a control module, wherein the sampling module is configured to sample the voltage signal; the control module controls the third MOS switch tube of the pre-charging module and the fourth MOS switch tube of the main charging module according to the adoption result of the sampling module:
the sampling module is configured to sample the voltage of the charging cathode, and if the voltage sampling result at the third moment after the main discharging module and the pre-charging module are conducted meets the following conditions:
V 31 ≤k 3 *V 1 wherein V is 31 For the sampling value of the charge cathode voltage at the third time t3, V 1 For battery voltage, k 3 K is a preset third proportional threshold 3 The set value of (2) is greater than or equal to 50%, and the set value range at the third time t3 is 150 to 500ms;
and the voltage sampling result at the fourth moment after the main discharging module and the pre-charging module are conducted meets the following conditions:
V 32 ≤k 4 *V 1 wherein V is 32 For the sampling value of the charge cathode voltage at the fourth time t4, V 1 For battery voltage, k 4 K is a preset fourth proportional threshold 4 The set value of the time t4 is in the range of 1 to 3s;
the control module controls the third MOS switch tube of the pre-charging module to be opened and controls the fourth MOS switch tube of the main charging module to be closed.
Further, any one or a combination of the above-mentioned aspects, if the battery voltage V 1 Greater than or equal to 48V, a third proportional threshold k 3 The set value of (2) is 70-85%, the fourth proportional threshold k 4 Is set at 30% to 35%; if the battery voltage V 1 Greater than or equal to 24V and less than 48V, a third proportional threshold k 3 The set value of (2) is 65 to 70%, the fourth proportional threshold k 4 Is set at a value of 26% to 30%; if the battery voltage V 1 Less than 24V, the third proportional threshold k 3 The set value of (2) is 50 to 65%, the fourth proportional threshold k 4 The set value of (2) is 20 to 26%.
Further, in any one or a combination of the foregoing aspects, the sampling module is further configured to sample a discharge negative voltage; the control module is further configured to detect a damaged state of the controllable switch of the main discharge module before the pre-discharge module is turned on by:
if the sampling value of the discharge cathode voltage meets the following conditions:
V 23 ＜k 3 *V 1 wherein V is 23 V is the sampling value of the discharge negative voltage under the condition that the pre-discharge module and the main discharge module are disconnected 1 For battery voltage, k 3 K is a preset second proportional threshold 3 The control module sends out a signal for prompting the breakdown damage of the controllable switch of the main discharging module and controlsThe controllable switch of the main discharging module is kept in an off state.
Further, carrying out any one or a combination of the above-mentioned aspects, V 1 Is the rated voltage of the battery; alternatively, the sampling module is further configured to sample the battery voltage, V 1 Is a real-time sampled value of the battery voltage.
Further, in any one or a combination of the foregoing aspects, the sampling module is configured to sample a discharge negative voltage; the control module is further configured to detect a damaged state of the controllable switch of the main discharge module in a state of controlling the main discharge module to be turned on and other modules to be turned off by:
if the sampling value of the discharge cathode voltage meets the following conditions:
V 24 ＞V preset wherein V is 24 V is the sampling value of the discharge negative voltage under the condition that the pre-discharge module is disconnected and the main discharge module is connected preset Is a preset break voltage threshold, wherein V preset The set value of the main discharging module is between 0.4 and 3V, and the control module sends out a signal for prompting the disconnection and damage of the controllable switch of the main discharging module.
Further, in any one or a combination of the foregoing technical solutions, the pre-discharge module is a serial branch of the first MOS switch tube and the first resistor, and the main discharge module is a second MOS switch tube;
the sampling module is an AFE sampling chip, and the control module controls the first MOS switch tube, the second MOS switch tube, the third MOS switch tube and the fourth MOS switch tube through the MOS driving circuit.
Further, in any one or a combination of the foregoing technical solutions, the sampling module is configured to detect a total current input or output by the battery, and if a current sampling value exceeds a preset current threshold range, the control module controls the pre-discharge module, the main discharge module, the pre-charge module and the main charge module to be disconnected;
and/or the sampling module is configured to detect the surface temperature of the battery or the environment temperature of the battery, and if the temperature sampling value exceeds a preset temperature threshold range, the control module controls the pre-discharging module, the main discharging module, the pre-charging module and the main charging module to be disconnected.
According to another aspect of the present application, there is provided a battery management method based on the battery charge management system as described above, the battery management method including the steps of:
initializing the pre-discharge module, the main discharge module, the pre-charge module and the main charge module to enable the pre-discharge module, the main discharge module, the pre-charge module and the main charge module to be in a disconnection state;
acquiring a sampling value of the discharge cathode voltage to judge whether a controllable switch of a main discharge module breaks down and breaks down, if so, sending a prompt signal, otherwise, continuing to execute the next step;
responding to a triggering instruction of battery discharging, controlling the pre-discharging module to be conducted, and controlling the main discharging module, the pre-charging module and the main charging module to be disconnected;
acquiring a sampling value of the discharge cathode voltage to judge whether the current accessed load state is abnormal, if not, controlling the pre-discharge module to be disconnected and controlling the main discharge module to be conducted;
acquiring a sampling value of the discharge cathode voltage to judge whether a controllable switch of a main discharge module is broken or not, if yes, sending a prompt signal, otherwise, continuing to execute the next step;
responding to an access instruction of the charger, controlling the connection of the main discharging module and the pre-charging module, and controlling the disconnection of the pre-discharging module and the main charging module;
and acquiring a sampling value of the charging negative electrode voltage to judge whether the current accessed charger state is abnormal, and if not, controlling the pre-charging module to be disconnected and controlling the main charging module to be conducted.
Further, in any one of the foregoing technical solutions or a combination of the foregoing technical solutions, if the voltage sampling result at the first moment after the pre-discharge module is turned on meets the following conditions: v (V) 21 ≤k 1 *V 1 Wherein V is 21 For putting at the first time t1Sampling value of electric negative voltage, V 1 For battery voltage, k 1 For a preset first proportional threshold, k 1 The set value of (2) is greater than or equal to 50%, and the set value range of the first time t1 is 150 to 500ms;
and the voltage sampling result at the second moment after the pre-discharge module is conducted meets the following conditions: v (V) 22 ≤k 2 *V 1 Wherein V is 22 For the sampling value of the discharge cathode voltage at the second instant t2, V 1 For battery voltage, k 2 K is a preset second proportional threshold 2 The set value of the second time t2 is in the range of 1 to 3s;
and judging that the current accessed load state is not abnormal.
Further, in any one or a combination of the foregoing aspects, the battery management method further includes monitoring one or more of voltage, current, and temperature parameters of the battery in real time during operation of the battery, and if the monitored parameters reach a protection critical threshold, closing the pre-discharge module, the main discharge module, the pre-charge module, and the main charge module; otherwise, inquiring whether a shutdown signal is received, if so, closing the pre-discharge module, the main discharge module, the pre-charge module and the main charge module, and entering a standby mode until the standby time overflows, and shutting down and dormancy of the BMS system.
The technical scheme provided by the application has the following beneficial effects:
a. by adding the pre-discharge module and setting the secondary pre-discharge judgment, the load state can be accurately judged in advance, the false start probability of a discharge switch is reduced, and the reliability of the BMS is improved;
b. by adding the pre-charging module and setting the secondary pre-charging judgment, the port state of the charger can be accurately judged in advance, the false start probability of a charging switch is reduced, and the reliability of the BMS is improved;
c. and performing performance detection on the discharge MOS, ensuring that the discharge MOS is free from breakdown damage before starting discharge, and ensuring that the discharge MOS is free from breaking damage before starting charge.
Drawings
In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present application or the technical solutions in the prior art, the drawings that are required to be used in the embodiments or the description of the prior art will be briefly described below, and it is obvious that the drawings in the following description are only some embodiments described in the present application, and other drawings may be obtained according to the drawings without inventive effort to those skilled in the art.
Fig. 1 is a schematic diagram of a battery charge management system according to an exemplary embodiment of the present application;
fig. 2 is a schematic circuit diagram of a battery charge management system according to an exemplary embodiment of the present application;
fig. 3 is a schematic view of a management flow of a battery charging management system according to an exemplary embodiment of the present application;
fig. 4 is a logic diagram of a switch control of a MOS transistor by a battery charging management system according to an exemplary embodiment of the present application;
FIG. 5 is a pre-placement detection flow chart of a battery charge management system according to an exemplary embodiment of the present application;
fig. 6 is a flowchart of a precharge detection process of a battery charge management system according to an exemplary embodiment of the present application;
fig. 7 is a flowchart of discharge MOS failure detection of a battery charge management system according to an exemplary embodiment of the present application.
Detailed Description
In order that those skilled in the art will better understand the present application, a technical solution in the embodiments of the present application will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings in which it is apparent that the described embodiments are only some embodiments of the present application, not all embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be made by those skilled in the art based on the embodiments of the present application without making any inventive effort, shall fall within the scope of the present application.
It should be noted that the terms "first," "second," and the like in the description and the claims of the present application and the above figures are used for distinguishing between similar objects and not necessarily for describing a particular sequential or chronological order. It is to be understood that the data so used may be interchanged where appropriate such that the embodiments of the application described herein may be implemented in sequences other than those illustrated or otherwise described herein. Furthermore, the terms "comprises," "comprising," and "having," and any variations thereof, are intended to cover a non-exclusive inclusion, such that a process, method, apparatus, article, or device that comprises a list of steps or elements is not necessarily limited to those steps or elements expressly listed or inherent to such process, method, article, or device.
In one embodiment of the present application, there is provided a battery charge management system for controlling a charging operation of a battery, referring to fig. 1, the system including:
the device comprises a pre-discharge module and a main discharge module which are connected in parallel, wherein the pre-discharge module and the main discharge module are respectively provided with a controllable switch;
the device comprises a pre-charging module and a main charging module which are connected in parallel, wherein the pre-charging module and the main charging module are respectively provided with a controllable switch;
the main discharging module and the battery form a discharging loop, and the main discharging module, the main charging module and the battery form a charging loop; as shown in fig. 1, the battery positive electrode is a discharge positive electrode and a charge positive electrode, which are collectively called as a charge-discharge positive electrode, one end of the discharge module is connected with the battery negative electrode, and the other end is configured to be connected with a load, and the end is called as a discharge negative electrode; one end of the charging module is connected to the discharging module, and the other end is configured to be connected to a charger, and this end is called a charging negative electrode.
The system further comprises a sampling module and a control module, wherein the sampling module is configured to sample one or more of voltage, current, and temperature signals; the control module controls the controllable switches of the pre-discharge module, the main discharge module, the pre-charge module and the main charge module according to the sampling result, wherein the controllable switches can be a Metal Oxide Semiconductor Field Effect Transistor (MOSFET), a relay and the like, in the embodiment, the MOSFET type is taken as an example, specifically as shown in fig. 2, the pre-discharge module is a serial branch circuit of a first Metal Oxide Semiconductor (MOS) switch tube Q1 and a first resistor R1, and the main discharge module is a second MOS switch tube Q2; the pre-charging module is a serial branch of a third MOS switch tube Q3 and a second resistor R2, and the main charging module is a fourth MOS switch tube Q4; in a specific embodiment as shown in fig. 2, a fifth MOS switch Q5 is disposed between the main discharging module and the main charging module, where the unidirectional conducting direction of the body diode of the fifth MOS switch Q5 is that the main charging module is turned to the main discharging module, so that when the main charging module (i.e. the fourth MOS switch Q4) is turned off, the pre-charging module (i.e. the third MOS switch Q3) is turned on and can be turned on with the main discharging module through the body diode of the fifth MOS switch Q5.
The pre-discharge module is used for detecting whether the discharge port has short circuit or overload before discharging, and if the discharge port has abnormal conditions, the main discharge module is not started any more, so that the main discharge module starts discharging after the pre-discharge detection is passed. Even if the discharge port is short-circuited or overloaded, the first resistor R1 is connected in series with the first MOS switch tube Q1, so that the first resistor R1 plays a role in limiting current, and the switch tube Q1 can be protected.
The pre-charging module is used for detecting whether the charging port has faults such as short circuit and the like before charging, and if the charging port has abnormal conditions, the main charging module is not started any more, so that the charging module allows charging after the pre-charging detection passes. Even if the charging port is short-circuited or overloaded, the second resistor R2 is connected in series with the third MOS switch tube Q3, so that the second resistor R2 plays a role in limiting current, and the switch tube Q3 can be protected.
The sampling module may be an AFE sampling chip or other detection devices capable of realizing signal adoption, and the control module (may be an MCU) is connected with the AFE sampling chip to receive the sampling signal, and controls the first MOS switch tube Q1, the second MOS switch tube Q2, the third MOS switch tube Q3 and the fourth MOS switch tube Q4 through the MOS driving circuit.
The flow chart of the battery management method is shown in fig. 3: after the BMS (Battery Management System ) is started, firstly checking whether the battery voltage and the battery temperature are abnormal, and if the battery voltage sampling value exceeds the normal voltage range or the battery temperature sampling value exceeds the normal temperature range, immediately controlling all MOS switching tubes to be disconnected and giving an alarm.
If the sampled values of the battery voltage and the battery temperature are both within the normal range, the next step is to determine whether a power-off signal (generally triggered manually by a user), if the power-off signal is not related, the pre-discharge module may be turned on (the first MOS switch Q1 is turned on), and a pre-discharge detection (specific detection method is described in detail below) may be performed, if the pre-discharge detection passes, it is indicated that the current load is normal (no condition that the discharge port is empty or shorted), and the pre-discharge module may be turned off to turn on the main discharge module (the first MOS switch Q1 is turned from on to off, and the second MOS switch Q2 is turned from off to on).
At this time, that is, when the first MOS switch Q1 is opened and the second MOS switch Q2 is closed, if the charger is turned on and the full charge flag is false, the charging is considered to be permitted, or the current battery temperature is further detected, and whether the charging is permitted (if the temperature exceeds the standard, the charging is not permitted) is determined. In the case of charging permission, the precharge module is turned on, that is, the third MOS switch Q3 is turned on, at this time, the second MOS switch Q2 is kept closed, the main charging module is turned off, and precharge detection (specific detection method is described in detail below) is performed, if the precharge detection passes, it is indicated that the currently connected charger is normal (there is no overload or short circuit condition of the charging port), the precharge module may be turned off to turn on the main charging module (the third MOS switch Q3 is turned from closed to open, the fourth MOS switch Q4 is turned from open to closed), and the second MOS switch Q2 is kept in a closed state, and the fifth MOS switch Q5 is also turned to a closed state. In the charging process, whether the charging is full is detected in real time, if the charging is full, a full flag is set to True (if the charging flag is True is detected when the charger is accessed), the precharge module is closed, namely the third MOS switch tube Q3 is disconnected, and at the moment, the main charging module is also disconnected. If the battery is not fully charged, parameters such as voltage, current and temperature of the battery are monitored in real time in the charging process, if the parameters reach a protection critical threshold, all MOS switching tubes are closed, an alarm or shutdown dormancy is sent out, and if the parameters do not reach the protection critical threshold, whether a related shutdown signal is returned to be judged.
If the power-on signal is related (generally triggered by a user manually), all MOS switching tubes are closed, the standby mode is entered, if the standby time overflows, the power-on is dormant, and if the standby time does not overflow, whether the power-on signal is related is returned is judged.
If the pre-discharge detection does not pass, or the pre-charge detection does not pass, all MOS switching tubes are closed, and an alarm signal is sent or the machine is shut down to sleep.
The following describes a method of pre-placement detection: if the sampling result of the sampling module meets the preset condition in the on state of the pre-discharge module, the control module controls the pre-discharge module to be disconnected and controls the main discharge module to be connected, as shown in fig. 5 in detail:
the sampling module is configured to sample a discharge cathode voltage; if the voltage sampling result at the first moment after the pre-discharge module is conducted meets the following conditions: v (V) 21 ≤k 1 *V 1 Wherein V is 21 V being the sampled value of the discharge cathode voltage at said first instant t1 1 For battery voltage, k 1 For a preset first proportional threshold, k 1 The set value of (2) is greater than or equal to 50%, and the set value range of the first time t1 is 150 to 500ms;
and the voltage sampling result at the second moment after the pre-discharge module is conducted meets the following conditions: v (V) 22 ≤k 2 *V 1 Wherein V is 22 V being the sampled value of the discharge cathode voltage at said second instant t2 1 For battery voltage, k 2 K is a preset second proportional threshold 2 The set value of the second time t2 is in the range of 1 to 3s;
the control module controls the controllable switch of the pre-discharge module to be opened and controls the controllable switch of the main discharge module to be closed.
One of the concepts of the application is that the secondary pre-discharge judgment is carried out at different moments, the accuracy of pre-discharge detection is improved, the false start probability of the discharge switch is reduced, namely, in the secondary pre-discharge judgment, any condition is not satisfied, and the main discharge module is not started.
On the one hand, the rated voltage of the battery is high or low, on the other hand, the voltage of the same battery in different discharging stages also changes, and through experiments, for higher battery voltage, a higher first proportional threshold k needs to be set 1 And a second proportional threshold k 2 In a specific embodiment, if the battery voltage V 1 Greater than or equal to 48V, the first proportional threshold k 1 The set value of the second proportion threshold k is 70 to 85 percent 2 Is set at a value of 10% to 15%; if the battery voltage V 1 Greater than or equal to 24V and less than 48V, the first proportional threshold k 1 Is set between 65% and 70%, the second ratio threshold k 2 Is set at a value of 8% to 10%; if the battery voltage V 1 Less than 24V, the first proportional threshold k 1 Is set at 50% to 65%, the second ratio threshold k 2 The set value of (2) is 1% to 8%.
The method of priming detection is described further below: if the sampling result of the sampling module meets the preset condition in the on state of the main discharging module and the pre-charging module, the control module controls the pre-charging module to be disconnected and controls the main charging module to be connected, as shown in fig. 6:
the sampling module is configured to sample a charging negative voltage; if the voltage sampling result at the third moment after the main discharging module and the pre-charging module are conducted meets the following conditions: v (V) 31 ≤k 3 *V 1 Wherein V is 31 For the sampled value of the charge cathode voltage at said third instant t3, V 1 For battery voltage, k 3 K is a preset third proportional threshold 3 The set value of (2) is greater than or equal to 50%, and the set value range at the third time t3 is 150 to 500ms;
and the voltage sampling result at the fourth moment after the main discharging module and the pre-charging module are conducted meets the following conditions: v (V) 32 ≤k 4 *V 1 Wherein V is 32 To be at the firstSampling value of charging cathode voltage at four times t4, V 1 For battery voltage, k 4 K is a preset fourth proportional threshold 4 The set value of the time t4 is in the range of 1 to 3s;
the control module controls the controllable switch of the pre-charge module to be opened and controls the controllable switch of the main charge module to be closed.
The other conception of the application is that the secondary pre-charging judgment is carried out at different moments, the accuracy of pre-charging detection is improved, the false start probability of the charging switch is reduced, namely, in the secondary pre-charging judgment, any condition is not satisfied, and the main charging module is not started.
On the one hand, the rated voltage of the battery is high or low, on the other hand, the voltage of the same battery in different charging stages also changes, and through experiments, for higher battery voltage, a higher third proportion threshold k needs to be set 3 And a fourth proportional threshold k 4 In a specific embodiment, if the battery voltage V 1 Greater than or equal to 48V, the third proportional threshold k 3 The set value of the fourth proportion threshold k is 70 to 85 percent 4 Is set at 30% to 35%; if the battery voltage V 1 Greater than or equal to 24V and less than 48V, the third proportional threshold k 3 The set value of the fourth proportion threshold k is 65 to 70 percent 4 Is set at a value of 26% to 30%; if the battery voltage V 1 Less than 24V, the third proportional threshold k 3 The set value of the fourth proportion threshold k is 50 to 65 percent 4 The set value of (2) is 20 to 26%.
In a specific embodiment of the application, the sampling module is further configured to sample a discharge negative voltage; the control module is further configured to detect a damaged state of the controllable switch of the main discharge module before the pre-discharge module is turned on in the manner shown in fig. 7:
if the sampling value of the discharge cathode voltage meets the following conditions: v (V) 23 ＜k 3 *V 1 Wherein V is 23 V is the sampling value of the discharge negative voltage under the condition that the pre-discharge module and the main discharge module are disconnected 1 For battery voltage, k 3 K is a preset second proportional threshold 3 And the control module sends out a signal for prompting breakdown damage of the controllable switch of the main discharging module and controls the controllable switch of the main discharging module to keep an off state.
The control module is further configured to detect a damaged state of the controllable switch of the main discharging module in a state of controlling the main discharging module to be turned on and other modules to be turned off, as shown in fig. 7, by:
if the sampling value of the discharge cathode voltage meets the following conditions:
V 24 ＞V preset wherein V is 24 V is the sampling value of the discharge negative voltage under the condition that the pre-discharge module is disconnected and the main discharge module is connected preset Is a preset break voltage threshold, wherein V preset The set value of the main discharging module is between 0.4 and 3V, and the control module sends out a signal for prompting the disconnection and damage of the controllable switch of the main discharging module.
In the above embodiment or the combination of embodiments, V 1 Is the rated voltage of the battery; alternatively, the sampling module is further configured to sample the battery voltage (first voltage acquisition in FIG. 2), V 1 A real-time sampling value of the battery voltage; the voltage of the charge and discharge anode is collected, so that the battery can be ensured not to be charged and over-voltage or over-discharged.
Examples:
taking a battery with a rated voltage of 48V as an example, the breakdown damage detection, pre-discharge detection, discharge MOS circuit break damage and pre-charge detection of the discharge MOS are taken as management methods of the management system, as shown in fig. 4:
in the initial state, the MOS Q1-Q5 are all in the off state, and at the moment, whether the MOS Q2 in the main discharging module breaks down and is damaged can be detected, and the detection principle is as follows: under the normal condition of the discharge MOS, the discharge negative electrode is charged through the load, the voltage of the end is increased under the normal condition, and if the voltage of the discharge negative electrode is sampled to be smaller than 5V at the moment, the MOS Q2 is actually in a conducting state under the off state, namely breakdown damage of the MOS Q2 is estimated.
If no breakdown damage occurs to the MOS Q2, the pre-discharge detection is performed, that is, only the MOS Q1 of the pre-discharge module is turned on first, and the current direction is from the battery positive electrode (charge-discharge positive electrode) to the load to the discharge negative electrode to the R1 to the Q1 to the R3 to the battery negative electrode in FIG. 2. If the result V2 of the second voltage acquisition is equal to the result V1 of the first voltage acquisition, the discharge port is short-circuited; if the result V2 of the second voltage acquisition is 0, the port is empty; if V2 is less than V1, a load exists on the port, the threshold voltage VT1 is set, VT1 is set to be smaller than the battery voltage (between 50% and 85% of the battery voltage), and the discharge cathode voltage V of 300ms after the switching tube Q1 is conducted is collected 21 By determining V 21 And VT1, it can be determined whether there is a short circuit at the discharge port: if V 21 If VT1 is more than zero, short circuit is generated, and direct alarm is carried out, Q1 and Q2 are closed, and discharge is forbidden; if V 21 If VT1 is not more than or equal to the preset value, no short circuit exists at present, and the discharge cathode voltage V of 2s after the resampling switch tube Q1 is conducted 22 If V 22 And less than or equal to 10 x V1, the pre-discharge is allowed to be turned off, the main discharge is started, namely Q2 is turned on, Q1 is turned off, and the battery is allowed to discharge through Q2.
And next, detecting whether the MOS Q2 in the main discharging module is broken or not, wherein the detection principle is as follows: after the second MOS switch tube Q2 is conducted, the voltage value of the discharging negative electrode is collected, under the condition that the discharging MOS is conducted normally, the voltage of the discharging negative electrode is close to 0V, if the voltage of the discharging negative electrode is sampled to be larger than 1V (or 0.4V) at the moment, the MOS Q2 is actually in an off state under the closing state, namely, the MOS Q2 is estimated to be broken and damaged.
If the MOS Q2 is not broken, the precharge detection is entered after the precharge detection passes (i.e., Q2 is already on), and if the precharge detection does not pass, the precharge detection is not performed. Namely, the MOS Q2 and Q3 are in a conducting state, and the principle that the precharge module detects whether the charge port is short-circuited is as follows: before charging, the Q3 is conducted in advance, and the direction of current is battery anode (charge-discharge anode), charger, charging cathode, R2, Q3, Q5 body diode, Q2, R3 and battery cathode. If at firstThe result V3 of the three voltage collection is equal to the result V1 of the first voltage collection, and the charging port is short-circuited; if the result V3 of the third voltage acquisition is 0, the port is empty; if V3 is less than V1, a load exists on the port, the threshold voltage VT2 is set, VT2 is set to be smaller than the battery voltage (between 50% and 85% of the battery voltage), and the charging negative voltage V of 300ms after the switching tubes Q2 and Q3 are conducted is collected 31 By determining V 31 And VT2, it may be determined whether there is a short circuit at the charging port: if V 31 If VT2 is more than zero, short circuit is generated, and direct alarm is carried out, Q1 and Q2 are closed, and charging is forbidden; if V 31 If VT2 is not more than or equal to 2, no short circuit exists at present, and the voltage V of the charging cathode of 2s after the resampling switch transistors Q2 and Q3 are conducted 32 If V 32 And less than or equal to 30 x V1, the precharge is allowed to be turned off, the main charge is started, namely Q2, Q4 and Q5 are turned on, Q3 is turned off, and the battery is allowed to be charged through Q4 and Q5.
Monitoring parameters such as voltage, current, temperature and the like of the battery in real time in the charging process, and monitoring whether the battery is fully charged, and if the battery is fully charged, controlling the Q3, the Q4 and the Q5 to be disconnected; if the parameters are detected to exceed the protection critical threshold, all MOS switch tubes are closed, and an alarm is sent out or the shutdown dormancy is carried out.
It is noted that relational terms such as first and second, and the like are used solely to distinguish one entity or action from another entity or action without necessarily requiring or implying any actual such relationship or order between such entities or actions. Moreover, the terms "comprises," "comprising," or any other variation thereof, are intended to cover a non-exclusive inclusion, such that a process, method, article, or apparatus that comprises a list of elements does not include only those elements but may include other elements not expressly listed or inherent to such process, method, article, or apparatus. Without further limitation, an element defined by the phrase "comprising one … …" does not exclude the presence of other like elements in a process, method, article, or apparatus that comprises the element.
The foregoing is merely illustrative of the embodiments of this application and it will be appreciated by those skilled in the art that variations and modifications may be made without departing from the principles of the application, and it is intended to cover all modifications and variations as fall within the scope of the application.

Claims (10)

1. A battery charge management system for controlling a charging operation of a battery, the system comprising:
the device comprises a pre-discharge module and a main discharge module which are connected in parallel, wherein the pre-discharge module and the main discharge module are respectively provided with a controllable switch;
the device comprises a precharge module and a main charging module which are connected in parallel, wherein the precharge module is a serial branch of a third MOS switch tube and a second resistor, and the main charging module is a fourth MOS switch tube;
the main discharging module and the battery form a discharging loop, and the main discharging module, the main charging module and the battery form a charging loop, comprising: a fifth MOS switch tube is arranged between the main discharging module and the main charging module, the unidirectional conduction direction of a body diode of the fifth MOS switch tube is the direction from the main charging module to the main discharging module, and the main discharging module, the fifth MOS switch tube, the main charging module and the battery form a charging loop;
the system further includes a sampling module and a control module, wherein the sampling module is configured to sample the voltage signal; the control module controls the third MOS switch tube of the pre-charging module and the fourth MOS switch tube of the main charging module according to the adoption result of the sampling module:
the sampling module is configured to sample the voltage of the charging cathode, and if the voltage sampling result at the third moment after the main discharging module and the pre-charging module are conducted meets the following conditions:
V 31 ≤k 3 *V 1 wherein V is 31 For the sampling value of the charge cathode voltage at the third time t3, V 1 For battery voltage, k 3 K is a preset third proportional threshold 3 The set value of (2) is greater than or equal to 50%, and the set value range at the third time t3 is 150 to 500ms;
and the voltage sampling result at the fourth moment after the main discharging module and the pre-charging module are conducted meets the following conditions:
V 32 ≤k 4 *V 1 wherein V is 32 For the sampling value of the charge cathode voltage at the fourth time t4, V 1 For battery voltage, k 4 K is a preset fourth proportional threshold 4 The set value of the time t4 is in the range of 1 to 3s;
the control module controls the third MOS switch tube of the pre-charging module to be opened and controls the fourth MOS switch tube of the main charging module to be closed.
2. The battery charge management system of claim 1, wherein if the battery voltage V 1 Greater than or equal to 48V, a third proportional threshold k 3 The set value of (2) is 70-85%, the fourth proportional threshold k 4 Is set at 30% to 35%; if the battery voltage V 1 Greater than or equal to 24V and less than 48V, a third proportional threshold k 3 The set value of (2) is 65 to 70%, the fourth proportional threshold k 4 Is set at a value of 26% to 30%; if the battery voltage V 1 Less than 24V, the third proportional threshold k 3 The set value of (2) is 50 to 65%, the fourth proportional threshold k 4 The set value of (2) is 20 to 26%.
3. The battery charge management system of claim 1, wherein the sampling module is further configured to sample a discharge negative voltage; the control module is further configured to detect a damaged state of the controllable switch of the main discharge module before the pre-discharge module is turned on by:
if the sampling value of the discharge cathode voltage meets the following conditions:
V 23 ＜k 3 *V 1 wherein V is 23 V is the sampling value of the discharge negative voltage under the condition that the pre-discharge module and the main discharge module are disconnected 1 For battery voltage, k 3 For a preset second proportional thresholdValue k 3 And the control module sends out a signal for prompting breakdown damage of the controllable switch of the main discharging module and controls the controllable switch of the main discharging module to keep an off state.
4. A battery charge management system according to any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein V 1 Is the rated voltage of the battery; alternatively, the sampling module is further configured to sample the battery voltage, V 1 Is a real-time sampled value of the battery voltage.
5. The battery charge management system of claim 1, wherein the sampling module is configured to sample a discharge negative voltage; the control module is further configured to detect a damaged state of the controllable switch of the main discharge module in a state of controlling the main discharge module to be turned on and other modules to be turned off by:
if the sampling value of the discharge cathode voltage meets the following conditions:
V 24 ＞V preset wherein V is 24 V is the sampling value of the discharge negative voltage under the condition that the pre-discharge module is disconnected and the main discharge module is connected preset Is a preset break voltage threshold, wherein V preset The set value of the main discharging module is between 0.4 and 3V, and the control module sends out a signal for prompting the disconnection and damage of the controllable switch of the main discharging module.
6. The battery charge management system of claim 1, wherein the pre-discharge module is a series branch of a first MOS switch tube and a first resistor, and the main discharge module is a second MOS switch tube;
the sampling module is an AFE sampling chip, and the control module controls the first MOS switch tube, the second MOS switch tube, the third MOS switch tube and the fourth MOS switch tube through the MOS driving circuit.
7. The battery charge management system of claim 1, wherein the sampling module is configured to detect a total current input or output by the battery, and the control module controls the pre-discharge module, the main discharge module, the pre-charge module, and the main charge module to be disconnected if a current sampling value exceeds a preset current threshold range;
and/or the sampling module is configured to detect the surface temperature of the battery or the environment temperature of the battery, and if the temperature sampling value exceeds a preset temperature threshold range, the control module controls the pre-discharging module, the main discharging module, the pre-charging module and the main charging module to be disconnected.
8. A battery management method, characterized in that based on the battery charge management system according to claim 1, the battery management method comprises the steps of:
initializing the pre-discharge module, the main discharge module, the pre-charge module and the main charge module to enable the pre-discharge module, the main discharge module, the pre-charge module and the main charge module to be in a disconnection state;
acquiring a sampling value of the discharge cathode voltage to judge whether a controllable switch of a main discharge module breaks down and breaks down, if so, sending a prompt signal, otherwise, continuing to execute the next step;
responding to a triggering instruction of battery discharging, controlling the pre-discharging module to be conducted, and controlling the main discharging module, the pre-charging module and the main charging module to be disconnected;
acquiring a sampling value of the discharge cathode voltage to judge whether the current accessed load state is abnormal, if not, controlling the pre-discharge module to be disconnected and controlling the main discharge module to be conducted;
acquiring a sampling value of the discharge cathode voltage to judge whether a controllable switch of a main discharge module is broken or not, if yes, sending a prompt signal, otherwise, continuing to execute the next step;
responding to an access instruction of the charger, controlling the connection of the main discharging module and the pre-charging module, and controlling the disconnection of the pre-discharging module and the main charging module;
and acquiring a sampling value of the charging negative electrode voltage to judge whether the current accessed charger state is abnormal, and if not, controlling the pre-charging module to be disconnected and controlling the main charging module to be conducted.
9. The battery management method according to claim 8, wherein if the voltage sampling result at the first time after the pre-discharge module is turned on satisfies the following condition: v (V) 21 ≤k 1 *V 1 Wherein V is 21 V is the sampling value of the discharge cathode voltage at the first time t1 1 For battery voltage, k 1 For a preset first proportional threshold, k 1 The set value of (2) is greater than or equal to 50%, and the set value range of the first time t1 is 150 to 500ms;
and the voltage sampling result at the second moment after the pre-discharge module is conducted meets the following conditions: v (V) 22 ≤k 2 *V 1 Wherein V is 22 For the sampling value of the discharge cathode voltage at the second instant t2, V 1 For battery voltage, k 2 K is a preset second proportional threshold 2 The set value of the second time t2 is in the range of 1 to 3s;
and judging that the current accessed load state is not abnormal.
10. The battery management method according to claim 8, further comprising monitoring one or more of voltage, current, and temperature parameters of the battery in real time during operation of the battery, and if the monitored parameters reach a protection critical threshold, closing the pre-discharge module, the main discharge module, the pre-charge module, and the main charge module; otherwise, inquiring whether a shutdown signal is received, if so, closing the pre-discharge module, the main discharge module, the pre-charge module and the main charge module, and entering a standby mode until the standby time overflows, and shutting down and dormancy of the BMS system.
CN202310687640.3A 2022-11-10 2022-11-10 Battery charging management system and battery management method Pending CN116599188A (en)

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