CN116584372A - Walnut breeding device and method - Google Patents
Walnut breeding device and method Download PDFInfo
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- CN116584372A CN116584372A CN202310717212.0A CN202310717212A CN116584372A CN 116584372 A CN116584372 A CN 116584372A CN 202310717212 A CN202310717212 A CN 202310717212A CN 116584372 A CN116584372 A CN 116584372A
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- 235000009496 Juglans regia Nutrition 0.000 title claims abstract description 44
- 238000009395 breeding Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 40
- 230000001488 breeding effect Effects 0.000 title claims abstract description 37
- 235000020234 walnut Nutrition 0.000 title claims abstract description 36
- 240000007049 Juglans regia Species 0.000 title claims abstract description 10
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title abstract description 15
- 238000005507 spraying Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 61
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 60
- 238000007789 sealing Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 39
- 230000010152 pollination Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 35
- 238000005086 pumping Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 28
- 230000007246 mechanism Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 22
- 235000006667 Aleurites moluccana Nutrition 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- 239000000428 dust Substances 0.000 claims description 38
- 241000758789 Juglans Species 0.000 claims description 34
- 238000009402 cross-breeding Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000012258 culturing Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 235000013399 edible fruits Nutrition 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000017260 vegetative to reproductive phase transition of meristem Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000010154 cross-pollination Effects 0.000 abstract description 4
- 101100298225 Caenorhabditis elegans pot-2 gene Proteins 0.000 description 20
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 description 7
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 5
- 230000000903 blocking effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000002955 isolation Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000029058 respiratory gaseous exchange Effects 0.000 description 3
- 229920000742 Cotton Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000004140 cleaning Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000018109 developmental process Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000001914 filtration Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000009396 hybridization Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000004804 winding Methods 0.000 description 2
- 241000196324 Embryophyta Species 0.000 description 1
- 238000010521 absorption reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000001125 extrusion Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000007667 floating Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000002068 genetic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000007614 genetic variation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000005484 gravity Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000010196 hermaphroditism Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000006872 improvement Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000002347 injection Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000007924 injection Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000002265 prevention Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000001681 protective effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 108090000623 proteins and genes Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000725 suspension Substances 0.000 description 1
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01H—NEW PLANTS OR NON-TRANSGENIC PROCESSES FOR OBTAINING THEM; PLANT REPRODUCTION BY TISSUE CULTURE TECHNIQUES
- A01H1/00—Processes for modifying genotypes ; Plants characterised by associated natural traits
- A01H1/02—Methods or apparatus for hybridisation; Artificial pollination ; Fertility
- A01H1/027—Apparatus for pollination
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A40/00—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production
- Y02A40/10—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production in agriculture
- Y02A40/25—Greenhouse technology, e.g. cooling systems therefor
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- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Genetics & Genomics (AREA)
- Botany (AREA)
- Developmental Biology & Embryology (AREA)
- Environmental Sciences (AREA)
- Breeding Of Plants And Reproduction By Means Of Culturing (AREA)
Abstract
The application discloses a walnut breeding device, which comprises a bagging, wherein the bagging is used for sleeving female flowers of a walnut tree and binding flowers to isolate the female flowers from male flowers and the outside; the pollen pot is provided with an air inlet pipe and a powder spraying pipe, and is connected with the bagging through the powder spraying pipe; the air pumping mechanism comprises a spring air cylinder which is connected with the air inlet pipe so as to jet air into the pollen pot; wherein, the tip of the powder spraying pipe stretches into in the sleeve pipe, and be provided with the powder spraying check valve in the junction of powder spraying pipe with the pollen jar, and be provided with the air inlet check valve in the junction of intake pipe with the pollen jar to in the non-pollination period sealed the pollen jar. According to the application, the bagging and the air pumping mechanism and the pollen pot are kept in continuous sealing connection, so that the whole cross pollination breeding period is isolated from the outside environment, and compared with the conventional bagging treatment, the cross pollination method has the advantages that the probability of being interfered by external pollen is lower, and the breeding result is better.
Description
Technical Field
The application relates to the technical field of agricultural breeding, in particular to a walnut breeding device and method.
Background
The walnut breeding is to utilize genetic variation of walnut genes and improve the genetic characteristics of the walnut to carry out quality improvement, and usually adopts a hybridization mode for breeding, while the walnut is a plant with hermaphrodite and heteroflower, so that the female flowers need to be prevented from being interfered by the pollen of the rest male flowers during hybridization breeding.
Conventional walnut tree crossbreeding usually adopts a method of artificial bagging and pollination, namely, when female flowers are not opened, a plastic bag is used for bagging protection, cotton is filled at the bunching port, external pollen is isolated while the flowers are kept breathing normally, pollen on male inflorescences is taken out when male flowers are opened, then the male pollen is pollinated through a pollen sprayer after the female flowers are opened, and in the whole crossbreeding process, the following problems exist:
1. when pollinating, the plastic bag wrapping female flowers needs to be opened or cut off, so that the pipeline of the powder sprayer can enter the plastic bag for pollinating, and after the plastic bag is opened or cut off, the isolation effect is poor, and at the moment, the plastic bag is easy to be invaded by other pollen floating in the air;
2. in order to increase the success rate of pollination, the pollination needs to be repeated for a plurality of times, so that the opening time of the plastic bag is further increased, and the probability of being invaded by the rest pollen is further increased;
3. the powder sprayer is sprayed by an electric air pump or a manual extrusion air bag, and in the using process, the powder sprayer needs to suck external air, pollen in the external air is easily sucked at the moment and sprayed out along with the collected female flowers, so that the pollen is easily invaded by the external pollen;
4. when the powder sprayer is inserted into the plastic bag for spraying powder, the angle and distance between the pipeline and female flowers need to be adjusted, and as the opening of the plastic bag is manually opened by an operator, the opening size of the plastic bag is inconsistent with the size of the pipe orifice of the powder sprayer, so that an opening gap is formed, and in the adjustment process, the condition that the gap on one side is enlarged is also caused, so that the plastic bag is easy to be invaded by other external pollen.
In the pollination process, a plastic bag used for the bagging needs to be opened or broken, female flowers and the outside are easily isolated and fail in a certain time period, and when the powder spraying angle and the powder spraying distance are adjusted by inserting the powder sprayer into the plastic bag, an opening gap is easily formed at the joint between the powder sprayer and the plastic bag, so that the female flowers and the outside are easily invaded by residual pollen.
Disclosure of Invention
The application aims to provide a walnut breeding device and method, which are used for solving the technical problem that the breeding is influenced due to the fact that the isolation protection of female flowers is invalid because the bagging is required to be opened or broken for pollination in the prior art.
In order to solve the technical problems, the application specifically provides the following technical scheme:
a walnut breeding device comprising:
the bagging is used for sleeving the female flowers of the walnut tree and binding the flowers to isolate the female flowers from the male flowers and the outside;
the pollen pot is provided with an air inlet pipe and a powder spraying pipe, and is connected with the bagging through the powder spraying pipe;
the air pumping mechanism comprises a spring air cylinder which is connected with the air inlet pipe so as to jet air into the pollen pot;
wherein, the tip of the powder spraying pipe stretches into in the sleeve pipe, and be provided with the powder spraying check valve in the junction of powder spraying pipe with the pollen jar, and be provided with the air inlet check valve in the junction of intake pipe with the pollen jar to in the non-pollination period sealed the pollen jar.
As a preferable mode of the application, the spring air cylinder comprises two connecting ports, and an air inlet nozzle and an air outlet nozzle which are internally provided with one-way valves are respectively arranged on the two connecting ports;
wherein, the air outlet nozzle is connected with the air inlet pipe.
As a preferred embodiment of the present application, a dust filter is provided between the intake nozzle and one of the connection ports.
As a preferable scheme of the application, the spring inflator comprises a connecting port, a three-way pipe is arranged on the connecting port, and the other two ends of the three-way pipe are respectively provided with an air inlet nozzle and an air outlet nozzle which are internally provided with a one-way valve;
wherein, the air outlet nozzle is connected with the air inlet pipe.
As a preferred embodiment of the present application, a dust filter is provided between the tee and the connection port.
As a preferable mode of the present application, an intake hose is provided to the intake nozzle;
the air suction hose is arranged on the bagging in a sealing mode, and the joint of the air suction hose and the bagging is close to the bag opening of the bagging.
As a preferable scheme of the application, a sealing clamp is arranged at the bag opening of the bagging, a fixing clamp is arranged on the sealing clamp, and the spring inflator is arranged on the fixing clamp for fixing;
a circle of compressible filter yarns are arranged on the inner wall of the pocket mouth of the pocket;
the sealing clamp is a flexible metal strip, so that the filter yarns at the bag opening of the bagging are tightly tied on the flower branches, and the fixing clamp is made of a rigid material.
As a preferable mode of the application, the fixing clip comprises a fixing strip, and a plurality of encircling clip strips are arranged on the fixing strip;
the cylinder body of the spring air cylinder is of a folding structure, and the plurality of encircling clamping strips are respectively clamped in the plurality of folding grooves of the spring air cylinder.
As a preferable scheme of the application, a sealing ring communicated with the bagging is arranged on the bagging, and the powder spraying pipe is arranged on the sealing ring in a sealing sliding manner;
wherein, the end of the powder spraying pipe positioned in the bagging is sleeved with an anti-falling protective cover.
In order to solve the technical problems, the application further provides the following technical scheme:
the walnut breeding method adopts the breeding device and comprises the following steps:
A. picking back the male inflorescences which are opened or are being opened in the male flowering period of the walnut, drying the male inflorescences and collecting male pollen, and placing the dried and collected male pollen into a pollen pot for waiting pollination;
B. before pollen is scattered by male flowers, bagging female flowers, sealing and connecting the bagging and a pumping mechanism through a pollen tank, an air inlet pipe and a pollen spraying pipe, and fixing the bagging and the pumping mechanism on flowers so that the bagging can protect the female flowers from being interfered by other male pollen, and the male pollen to be pollinated is stored in the pollen tank in a sealing way;
C. after the female flowers bloom, pollinating the female flowers, and pollinating the female flowers by using a pumping mechanism under the environment that the female flowers are isolated from the outside by bagging protection;
the air pumping mechanism pumps air into the pollen pot through the air inlet pipe, and the air flow sequentially opens the air inlet one-way valve and the powder spraying one-way valve to enter the bagging, so that male pollen in the pollen pot is sprayed on female flowers in the bagging along with the air flow from the end part of the powder spraying pipe, and pollination is repeated for a plurality of times at a frequency of once daily pollination;
D. after female flowers pollinate for one week, the bagging is removed, the air pumping mechanism and the pollen pot are removed, the walnut flowers continue to develop, and after the walnut flowers pollinate to develop fruits, picking, culturing and seedling growing are carried out;
and D, after selecting the good variety from the walnut tree after seedling formation, continuing to carry out cross breeding according to the steps A to D until the stable good variety offspring appears.
Compared with the prior art, the application has the following beneficial effects:
according to the application, the bagging and the air pumping mechanism and the pollen pot are kept in continuous sealing connection, so that the whole cross pollination breeding period is isolated from the outside environment, and compared with the conventional bagging treatment, the cross pollination method has the advantages that the probability of being interfered by external pollen is lower, and the breeding result is better.
Drawings
In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present application or the technical solutions in the prior art, the drawings used in the description of the embodiments or the prior art will be briefly described below. It will be apparent to those of ordinary skill in the art that the drawings in the following description are exemplary only and that other implementations can be obtained from the extensions of the drawings provided without inventive effort.
Fig. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of a walnut breeding device according to an embodiment of the application;
fig. 2 is a schematic structural diagram of a part of a pumping mechanism of a walnut breeding device according to an embodiment of the application;
fig. 3 is a schematic structural diagram of a part of a pumping mechanism of a walnut breeding device according to a second embodiment of the present application;
fig. 4 is a schematic structural view of a sealing clip and a fixing clip of a walnut breeding device according to an embodiment of the application.
Reference numerals in the drawings are respectively as follows:
1-bagging; 2-pollen pot; 3-a pumping mechanism;
11-a sealing ring; 12-sealing clip; 13-a fixing clip; 14-filtering yarn; 21-an air inlet pipe; 22-powder spraying pipe; 31-spring air cylinder; 32-connecting ports; 33-an air inlet nozzle; 34-an air outlet nozzle; 35-a three-way pipe;
131-fixing strips; 132-embracing the clamping strip; 211-an air inlet one-way valve; 221-a powder spraying one-way valve; 222-a disengagement prevention shield; 321-dust filter; 331-suction hose.
Detailed Description
The following description of the embodiments of the present application will be made clearly and completely with reference to the accompanying drawings, in which it is apparent that the embodiments described are only some embodiments of the present application, but not all embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be made by those skilled in the art based on the embodiments of the application without making any inventive effort, are intended to be within the scope of the application.
As shown in fig. 1, the present application provides a walnut breeding device, comprising:
a bagging 1 for sleeving female flowers of the walnut tree and binding the flowers to isolate the female flowers from male flowers and the outside;
a pollen pot 2 on which an air inlet pipe 21 and a powder spraying pipe 22 are arranged, the pollen pot 2 being connected with the bag 1 through the powder spraying pipe 22;
the pumping mechanism 3 comprises a spring air cylinder 31 which is connected with the air inlet pipe 21 to jet air into the pollen pot 2;
wherein the end of the dust pipe 22 is extended into the sleeve 1, and a dust injection check valve 221 is provided at the junction of the dust pipe 22 and the pollen pot 2, and an air intake check valve 211 is provided at the junction of the air intake pipe 21 and the pollen pot 2 to seal the pollen pot 2 during non-pollination.
The breeding device of the embodiment mainly comprises a spring air cylinder 31 for pumping air through an air inlet pipe 21 to open an air inlet one-way valve 211 and inflating and pressurizing the pollen pot 2 to open a pollen spraying one-way valve 221, so that male pollen in the pollen pot 2 is sprayed onto female flowers in the bagging 1 along a pollen spraying pipe 22 along with air flow, and pollination is completed.
And during the period of pollinating, pollen jar 2 is sealed by air inlet check valve 211 and powder spraying check valve 221, guarantees the dry degree of pollen of internal male in pollen jar 2 to increase its shelf life, can guarantee that in whole pollination operation process, cover bag 1 is not opened all the time, avoids outside pollen to get into in the cover bag 1 and influences the breeding.
Wherein, the pollen pot 2 is provided with dry pollen which is prepared in advance, the pollen pot is filled in a pollen-free room, and after the pollen pot is filled, the air inlet one-way valve 211 and the powder spraying one-way valve 221 are arranged for sealing.
Wherein, the bagging 1 is sleeved on the flower branches of the female flower clusters, the female flower clusters comprise a plurality of female flowers growing in the same area, and before the bagging 1 is sleeved, the male flowers around the female flower clusters are removed before the male flowers are opened, so that the male flowers are prevented from being placed in the bagging 1 to influence breeding.
Since the spring air cylinder 31 needs to be repeatedly pressed in the process of delivering the air, both air is discharged and air is introduced, and since the air inlet pipe 21 is blocked by the air inlet check valve 211, the air inlet pipe and the air outlet pipe cannot be the same pipe.
Thus, two different air passages are required for the air suction and pumping of the spring air cylinder 31, and two preferred embodiments are provided below to provide different air passages for the air suction and pumping of the spring air cylinder 31.
Embodiment one:
as shown in fig. 2, the spring air cylinder 31 includes two connection ports 32, and an air inlet nozzle 33 and an air outlet nozzle 34, in which check valves are installed, are respectively provided on the two connection ports 32;
wherein the outlet nozzle 34 is connected to the inlet pipe 21.
In the present embodiment, the spring cylinder 31 sucks in the gas through the intake nozzle 33 when rebounding to return to its original state; when compressed by pressing, gas is pumped through the gas outlet nozzle 34 to the gas inlet pipe 21.
Since the air inlet nozzle 33 needs to suck the air outside the spring air cylinder 31 into the spring air cylinder 31, the sucked air needs to be filtered to avoid the influence of the unknown male pollen contained in the sucked air on the pollination quality or the influence of a large amount of dust on the operation of the spring air cylinder 31.
As shown in fig. 2, a dust filter 321 is provided between the intake nozzle 33 and one of the connection ports 32.
The dust filter 321 can block and filter pollen between the air inlet nozzle 33 and the connection port 32 through its internal filter element, thereby preventing pollen and dust in the inhaled air from entering the spring air cylinder 31.
Embodiment two:
as shown in fig. 3, the spring air cylinder 31 comprises a connecting port 32, a three-way pipe 35 is arranged on the connecting port 32, and an air inlet nozzle 33 and an air outlet nozzle 34 with one-way valves installed inside are respectively arranged at the other two ends of the three-way pipe 35;
wherein the outlet nozzle 34 is connected to the inlet pipe 21.
In the present embodiment, the spring air cylinder 31 is connected to the air inlet nozzle 33 and the air outlet nozzle 34 through the three-way pipe 35, so that the spring air cylinder 31 is fed through the three-way pipe 35 and the air inlet nozzle 33, and the spring air cylinder 31 is pumped through the three-way pipe 35 and the air outlet nozzle 34.
Since the air inlet nozzle 33 needs to suck the air outside the spring air cylinder 31 into the spring air cylinder 31, the sucked air needs to be filtered to avoid the influence of the unknown male pollen contained in the sucked air on the pollination quality or the influence of a large amount of dust on the operation of the spring air cylinder 31.
As shown in fig. 3, a dust filter 321 is provided between the tee 35 and the connection port 32.
The dust filter 321 can block and filter pollen between the tee 35 and the connection port 32 through the filter element inside thereof, thereby preventing pollen and dust in the sucked gas from entering the spring air cylinder 31.
The two preferred embodiments described above compare:
in the first embodiment, the spring air cylinder 31 is provided with two connection ports 32 to achieve air intake and exhaust, respectively, and the dust filter 321 is provided between the air intake nozzle 33 and the connection ports 32.
Pollen and dust are filtered at the air inlet connecting port 32, so that the pollen and dust are prevented from entering the spring air cylinder 31, but as the number of times of air pumping of the powder spraying increases, the blocking degree of the dust filter 321 increases, the air inlet of the spring air cylinder 31 is influenced, and the reset speed of the spring air cylinder is reduced, so that the pollination efficiency is influenced.
In the second embodiment, the spring air cylinder 31 is provided with one connection port 32, air intake and exhaust are achieved by a three-way pipe provided at the connection port 32, and the dust filter 321 is provided between the three-way pipe 35 and the connection port 32.
Pollen and dust are filtered at the end of the dust filter 321 at the tee 35, i.e. the gas entering the tee 35 from the inlet nozzle 33 is filtered before entering the spring cylinder 31.
When the spring air cylinder 31 exhausts outwards, the internal air cylinder flows through the dust filter 321, the filtered pollen and dust are reversely blown from the dust filter 321 and enter the pollen pot 2 along the air inlet pipe 21 along with the air flow, so that the purpose of automatically reversely cleaning the dust filter 321 is achieved, but external pollen is easily blown into the pollen pot 2 to influence the breeding quality of the pollen pot.
Based on the second embodiment, in order to prevent external pollen from entering the pollen pot 2 while achieving automatic reverse cleaning of the dust filter 321, the following improved method is provided.
As shown in fig. 2 and 3, an intake hose 331 is provided to the intake nozzle 33;
wherein, the air suction hose 331 is hermetically installed on the bagging 1, and the connection part of the air suction hose 331 and the bagging 1 is close to the bag opening of the bagging 1.
The air intake nozzle 33 sucks air from the inside of the bagging 1 through the air suction hose 331, and the bagging 1 is tied up on the flower branches, and external pollen is blocked at the outer side of the bagging 1, so that the air sucked by the air intake nozzle 33 is substantially free of external pollen and the dust content is effectively reduced.
The spring air cylinder 31 sucks pollen of pollination and powder spraying during the repeated pollination and is caught and filtered by the dust filter 321.
The spring air cylinder 31 can blow pollinated pollen adhered on the dust filter 321 into the pollen pot 2 again when the dust filter 321 is backflushed, so that the pollen pollinating amount in the pollen pot 2 is prevented from being reduced, and pollinating pollen is prevented from being wasted.
And, according to the first embodiment, the air inlet nozzle 33 can suck the air in the pouch 1 through the air suction hose 331, thereby reducing the suction of external dust, reducing the blocking speed, and increasing the effective number of uses of the dust filter 321.
And based on the dust filter 321 of the first embodiment, it forms two-stage filtration with the tightening opening of the bagging 1 and the flower branches, further reducing dust and effectively isolating external pollen interference.
The suction hose 331 is provided near the mouth of the casing bag 1, which is distant from the inflorescence of each female flower of the female flower cluster, thereby reducing the amount of male pollen sucked for pollination.
In conclusion, the spring air cylinder 31, the pollen pot 2 and the bagging 1 are matched with the air inlet pipe 21, the powder spraying pipe 22 and the air suction hose 331, so that the internal circulation air flow powder spraying pollination can be realized, the interference of external male pollen on breeding is reduced, and the influence of external dust on the device is reduced.
Since the mouth of the bag 1 needs to be fitted over the flower branches from an open state and the mouth is tied, in order to improve the effect of the tying, the following means are provided to make the mouth of the bag 1 tighter.
As shown in fig. 1, 2, 3 and 4, a sealing clamp 12 is arranged at the mouth of the bagging 1, a fixing clamp 13 is arranged on the sealing clamp 12, and a spring inflator 31 is arranged on the fixing clamp 13 for fixing;
a circle of compressible filter yarns 14 are arranged on the inner wall of the pocket mouth of the bagging 1;
wherein, the sealing clamp 12 is a flexible metal strip to tighten the filter yarn 14 at the mouth of the bagging 1 on the flower branch, and the fixing clamp 13 is a rigid material.
The sealing clip 12 is made of soft metal strips, so that the sealing clip 12 is wound around the flower branches and the filter yarns 14 are tightly tied on the flower branches during tying.
The filter yarn 14 can filter external dust (prevent external male pollen from entering), can also keep air circulation inside and outside the bagging 1 (ensure normal respiration of female flowers), can dry faster than cotton after being wetted (prevent water absorption from blocking to influence respiration), and can also prevent the sealing clip 12 from injuring flowers.
The fixing clamp 13 can fix the spring air cylinder 31 on a flower branch (the branch is thicker) at the pocket mouth of the bagging 1, can transfer the gravity center of the device to a thicker region of the flower branch, avoid the flower branch from being excessively bent or broken under pressure, and can stabilize the spring air cylinder 1 to avoid the damage caused by the suspension swing or the collision with other spring air cylinders 1.
After the bagging 1 finishes the bagging of female flowers, the female flowers need to wait for development, during the development period, weather is easy to change, such as weather, and the like, and the spring air cylinder 31 is subjected to unstable impact to easily cause the condition of mistakenly compressing and pumping air, so that a small amount of male pollen is mistakenly sprayed, and the pollination amount in the pollination period is influenced.
Thus, the following means is provided to fix the spring air cylinder 31 from erroneously compressing the pumping air during waiting.
As shown in fig. 2, 3 and 4, the fixing clip 13 includes a fixing bar 131, and a plurality of encircling clip strips 132 are provided on the fixing bar 131;
the body of the spring air cylinder 31 is of a folding structure, and the plurality of encircling clamping strips 132 are respectively clamped in the plurality of folding grooves of the spring air cylinder 31.
The plurality of encircling clamping strips 132 are clamped in the folding grooves of the spring air cylinder 31, and because the fixing clamp 13 is made of rigid materials, the encircling clamping strips 132 are difficult to deform, so that the cylinder body of the folding structure cannot be compressed under certain pressure, and the possibility of mistakenly compressing the spring air cylinder 31 in extreme weather is reduced.
In the pollen spraying pollination process, the pollen spraying pipes 22 are required to be aligned with inflorescences of single female flowers in the female flower clusters for one-to-one pollination, so that the influence on the pollination effect caused by the loose spraying of male pollen is avoided, and therefore, the following manner is provided to increase the centralizing effect of the pollen spraying.
As shown in fig. 1, a sealing ring 11 communicated with the bagging 1 is arranged on the bagging 1, and a powder spraying pipe 22 is arranged on the sealing ring 11 in a sealing sliding manner;
wherein, one end of the powder spraying pipe 22 positioned in the bagging 1 is sleeved with an anti-falling shield 222.
The length of the powder spraying pipe 22 in the bagging 1 can be adjusted by sliding the powder spraying pipe 22 on the sealing ring 11 so as to pollinate different female flowers.
And because the bagging 1 can be deformed, the powder spraying pipe 22 can be moved to lead the sealing ring 11 to pull the bagging 1 to deform, thereby changing the pollination angle and increasing the accuracy of powder spraying.
The anti-drop shield 222 can cover the mouth of the tube 22 with the inflorescence of the female flowers to avoid the pollen scattering out and affecting the pollination effect.
And the diameter of the anti-falling shield 222 is larger than that of the powder spraying pipe 22, so that the powder spraying pipe 22 can be prevented from being separated from the sealing ring 11, and the use reliability of the device is improved.
Based on the breeding device, the walnut breeding method comprises the following steps:
A. picking back the male inflorescences which are opened or are being opened in the male flowering period of the walnut, drying the male inflorescences and collecting male pollen, and placing the dried and collected male pollen into a pollen pot for waiting pollination;
after the male pollen is dried and collected, the male pollen is filled into the pollen pot 2 in the environment without other pollen, the pollen pot 2 filled with the male pollen is respectively connected with an air outlet nozzle 34 of a spring air cylinder 31 and a sealing ring 11 on a bagging 1 through an air inlet pipe 21 and a powder spraying pipe 22, and an anti-falling shield 222 is arranged at one end of the powder spraying pipe 22 positioned in the bagging 1;
B. before pollen is scattered by male flowers, bagging female flowers, and fixing the female flowers on flowers so that the bagging can protect the female flowers from being interfered by other male flowers, and the male flowers to be pollinated are stored in a pollen pot in a sealing way;
the specific operation of isolation protection is as follows:
a. sleeving the opening of the bagging 1 on the flower branches of the female flower clusters;
b. tightly winding the mouth of the bagging 1 and the filter yarns 14 on the flower branches through the winding fixing clamp 12;
C. after the female flowers bloom, pollinating the female flowers, and pollinating the female flowers by using a pumping mechanism under the environment that the female flowers are isolated from the outside by bagging protection;
the air pumping mechanism pumps air into the pollen pot through the air inlet pipe, and the air flow sequentially opens the air inlet one-way valve and the powder spraying one-way valve to enter the bagging, so that male pollen in the pollen pot is sprayed on female flowers in the bagging along with the air flow from the end part of the powder spraying pipe, and pollination is repeated for a plurality of times at a frequency of once daily pollination;
the specific operation of pollination is as follows:
a. the spring air cylinder 31 is taken out from the fixing clamp 13, then the length is changed by sliding the powder spraying pipe 22 in the sealing ring 11, and the powder spraying pipe 22 can squeeze the bagging to change the angle so as to align the powder spraying pipe 22 with the female flower inflorescence;
b. pressing the spring air cylinder 31 to enable the spring air cylinder 31 to open the air inlet one-way valve 211 and send the air into the pollen pot 2 through the air inlet pipe 21 to pressurize, and increasing the air pressure in the pollen pot 2 to open the powder spraying one-way valve 221 to enable the air flow to flow into the bagging 1 along the powder spraying pipe 22, so that male pollen in the pollen pot 2 is sprayed onto female flower inflorescences in the bagging 1;
D. after female flowers pollinate for one week, the bagging is removed, the air pumping mechanism and the pollen pot are removed, the walnut flowers continue to develop, and after the walnut flowers pollinate to develop fruits, picking, culturing and seedling growing are carried out;
and D, after selecting the good variety from the walnut tree after seedling formation, continuing to carry out cross breeding according to the steps A to D until the stable good variety offspring appears.
The above embodiments are only exemplary embodiments of the present application and are not intended to limit the present application, the scope of which is defined by the claims. Various modifications and equivalent arrangements of this application will occur to those skilled in the art, and are intended to be within the spirit and scope of the application.
Claims (10)
1. A walnut breeding device, comprising:
a bagging (1) for sleeving female flowers of the walnut tree and binding the flowers to isolate the female flowers from male flowers and the outside;
a pollen tank (2) provided with an air inlet pipe (21) and a powder spraying pipe (22), wherein the pollen tank (2) is connected with the bagging (1) through the powder spraying pipe (22);
a pumping mechanism (3) comprising a spring air cylinder (31) connected to the air inlet pipe (21) to pump air into the pollen pot (2);
wherein the end of the powder spraying pipe (22) stretches into the sleeve (1), a powder spraying one-way valve (221) is arranged at the joint of the powder spraying pipe (22) and the pollen pot (2), and an air inlet one-way valve (211) is arranged at the joint of the air inlet pipe (21) and the pollen pot (2) so as to seal the pollen pot (2) during non-pollination.
2. The walnut breeding device according to claim 1, wherein,
the spring inflator (31) comprises two connecting ports (32), and an air inlet nozzle (33) and an air outlet nozzle (34) with one-way valves installed inside are respectively arranged on the two connecting ports (32);
wherein the air outlet nozzle (34) is connected with the air inlet pipe (21).
3. A walnut breeding device according to claim 2, wherein,
a dust filter (321) is arranged between the air inlet nozzle (33) and one of the connection ports (32).
4. The walnut breeding device according to claim 1, wherein,
the spring inflator (31) comprises a connecting port (32), a three-way pipe (35) is arranged on the connecting port (32), and an air inlet nozzle (33) and an air outlet nozzle (34) with one-way valves installed inside are respectively arranged at the other two ends of the three-way pipe (35);
wherein the air outlet nozzle (34) is connected with the air inlet pipe (21).
5. The walnut breeding device according to claim 4, wherein,
a dust filter (321) is arranged between the tee pipe (35) and the connecting port (32).
6. A walnut breeding apparatus according to claim 3 or 5, wherein,
an intake hose (331) is provided to the intake nozzle (33);
the air suction hose (331) is arranged on the bagging (1) in a sealing mode, and the joint of the air suction hose (331) and the bagging (1) is close to the bag opening of the bagging (1).
7. A walnut breeding apparatus as claimed in claim 2 or 4, wherein,
a sealing clamp (12) is arranged at the bag opening of the bagging (1), a fixing clamp (13) is arranged on the sealing clamp (12), and the spring inflator (31) is arranged on the fixing clamp (13) for fixing;
a circle of compressible filter yarns (14) are arranged on the inner wall of the pocket mouth of the pocket (1);
the sealing clamp (12) is a flexible metal strip so as to tighten the filter yarns (14) at the bag opening of the bagging (1) on flowers, and the fixing clamp (13) is made of a rigid material.
8. The walnut breeding device according to claim 7, wherein,
the fixing clamp (13) comprises a fixing strip (131), and a plurality of encircling clamping strips (132) are arranged on the fixing strip (131);
the cylinder body of the spring air cylinder (31) is of a folding structure, and the plurality of encircling clamping strips (132) are respectively clamped in the plurality of folding grooves of the spring air cylinder (31).
9. The walnut breeding device according to claim 1, wherein,
a sealing ring (11) communicated with the bagging (1) is arranged on the bagging, and the powder spraying pipe (22) is arranged on the sealing ring (11) in a sealing sliding manner;
wherein, one end of the powder spraying pipe (22) positioned in the bagging (1) is sleeved with an anti-falling shield (222).
10. A breeding method using the walnut breeding device according to any one of claims 1 to 9, characterized by comprising the steps of:
A. picking back the male inflorescences which are opened or are being opened in the male flowering period of the walnut, drying the male inflorescences and collecting male pollen, and placing the dried and collected male pollen into a pollen pot for waiting pollination;
B. before pollen is scattered by male flowers, bagging female flowers, sealing and connecting the bagging and a pumping mechanism through a pollen tank, an air inlet pipe and a pollen spraying pipe, and fixing the bagging and the pumping mechanism on flowers so that the bagging can protect the female flowers from being interfered by other male pollen, and the male pollen to be pollinated is stored in the pollen tank in a sealing way;
C. after the female flowers bloom, pollinating the female flowers, and pollinating the female flowers by using a pumping mechanism under the environment that the female flowers are isolated from the outside by bagging protection;
the air pumping mechanism pumps air into the pollen pot through the air inlet pipe, and the air flow sequentially opens the air inlet one-way valve and the powder spraying one-way valve to enter the bagging, so that male pollen in the pollen pot is sprayed on female flowers in the bagging along with the air flow from the end part of the powder spraying pipe, and pollination is repeated for a plurality of times at a frequency of once daily pollination;
D. after female flowers pollinate for one week, the bagging is removed, the air pumping mechanism and the pollen pot are removed, the walnut flowers continue to develop, and after the walnut flowers pollinate to develop fruits, picking, culturing and seedling growing are carried out;
and D, after selecting the good variety from the walnut tree after seedling formation, continuing to carry out cross breeding according to the steps A to D until the stable good variety offspring appears.
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