CN116584318B - Cultivation method for reducing tomato soil-borne diseases - Google Patents
Cultivation method for reducing tomato soil-borne diseases Download PDFInfo
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- CN116584318B CN116584318B CN202310868184.2A CN202310868184A CN116584318B CN 116584318 B CN116584318 B CN 116584318B CN 202310868184 A CN202310868184 A CN 202310868184A CN 116584318 B CN116584318 B CN 116584318B
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- HNPSIPDUKPIQMN-UHFFFAOYSA-N dioxosilane;oxo(oxoalumanyloxy)alumane Chemical compound O=[Si]=O.O=[Al]O[Al]=O HNPSIPDUKPIQMN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 12
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Classifications
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G22/00—Cultivation of specific crops or plants not otherwise provided for
- A01G22/05—Fruit crops, e.g. strawberries, tomatoes or cucumbers
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01B—SOIL WORKING IN AGRICULTURE OR FORESTRY; PARTS, DETAILS, OR ACCESSORIES OF AGRICULTURAL MACHINES OR IMPLEMENTS, IN GENERAL
- A01B79/00—Methods for working soil
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01B—SOIL WORKING IN AGRICULTURE OR FORESTRY; PARTS, DETAILS, OR ACCESSORIES OF AGRICULTURAL MACHINES OR IMPLEMENTS, IN GENERAL
- A01B79/00—Methods for working soil
- A01B79/02—Methods for working soil combined with other agricultural processing, e.g. fertilising, planting
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G13/00—Protecting plants
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01N—PRESERVATION OF BODIES OF HUMANS OR ANIMALS OR PLANTS OR PARTS THEREOF; BIOCIDES, e.g. AS DISINFECTANTS, AS PESTICIDES OR AS HERBICIDES; PEST REPELLANTS OR ATTRACTANTS; PLANT GROWTH REGULATORS
- A01N43/00—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing heterocyclic compounds
- A01N43/02—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing heterocyclic compounds having rings with one or more oxygen or sulfur atoms as the only ring hetero atoms
- A01N43/04—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing heterocyclic compounds having rings with one or more oxygen or sulfur atoms as the only ring hetero atoms with one hetero atom
- A01N43/14—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing heterocyclic compounds having rings with one or more oxygen or sulfur atoms as the only ring hetero atoms with one hetero atom six-membered rings
- A01N43/16—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing heterocyclic compounds having rings with one or more oxygen or sulfur atoms as the only ring hetero atoms with one hetero atom six-membered rings with oxygen as the ring hetero atom
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01N—PRESERVATION OF BODIES OF HUMANS OR ANIMALS OR PLANTS OR PARTS THEREOF; BIOCIDES, e.g. AS DISINFECTANTS, AS PESTICIDES OR AS HERBICIDES; PEST REPELLANTS OR ATTRACTANTS; PLANT GROWTH REGULATORS
- A01N61/00—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing substances of unknown or undetermined composition, e.g. substances characterised only by the mode of action
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01N—PRESERVATION OF BODIES OF HUMANS OR ANIMALS OR PLANTS OR PARTS THEREOF; BIOCIDES, e.g. AS DISINFECTANTS, AS PESTICIDES OR AS HERBICIDES; PEST REPELLANTS OR ATTRACTANTS; PLANT GROWTH REGULATORS
- A01N65/00—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing material from algae, lichens, bryophyta, multi-cellular fungi or plants, or extracts thereof
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01N—PRESERVATION OF BODIES OF HUMANS OR ANIMALS OR PLANTS OR PARTS THEREOF; BIOCIDES, e.g. AS DISINFECTANTS, AS PESTICIDES OR AS HERBICIDES; PEST REPELLANTS OR ATTRACTANTS; PLANT GROWTH REGULATORS
- A01N65/00—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing material from algae, lichens, bryophyta, multi-cellular fungi or plants, or extracts thereof
- A01N65/08—Magnoliopsida [dicotyledons]
- A01N65/10—Apiaceae or Umbelliferae [Carrot family], e.g. parsley, caraway, dill, lovage, fennel or snakebed
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01N—PRESERVATION OF BODIES OF HUMANS OR ANIMALS OR PLANTS OR PARTS THEREOF; BIOCIDES, e.g. AS DISINFECTANTS, AS PESTICIDES OR AS HERBICIDES; PEST REPELLANTS OR ATTRACTANTS; PLANT GROWTH REGULATORS
- A01N65/00—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing material from algae, lichens, bryophyta, multi-cellular fungi or plants, or extracts thereof
- A01N65/08—Magnoliopsida [dicotyledons]
- A01N65/22—Lamiaceae or Labiatae [Mint family], e.g. thyme, rosemary, skullcap, selfheal, lavender, perilla, pennyroyal, peppermint or spearmint
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01P—BIOCIDAL, PEST REPELLANT, PEST ATTRACTANT OR PLANT GROWTH REGULATORY ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR PREPARATIONS
- A01P1/00—Disinfectants; Antimicrobial compounds or mixtures thereof
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01P—BIOCIDAL, PEST REPELLANT, PEST ATTRACTANT OR PLANT GROWTH REGULATORY ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR PREPARATIONS
- A01P5/00—Nematocides
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02W—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO WASTEWATER TREATMENT OR WASTE MANAGEMENT
- Y02W30/00—Technologies for solid waste management
- Y02W30/40—Bio-organic fraction processing; Production of fertilisers from the organic fraction of waste or refuse
Abstract
The invention provides a cultivation method for reducing tomato soil-borne diseases, and belongs to the field of tomato cultivation. The cultivation method for reducing tomato soil-borne diseases comprises the following steps: pretreatment, primary treatment, secondary treatment and post-treatment. The cultivation method for reducing the tomato soil-borne diseases can reduce the adverse effect on organisms and soil, reduce the adverse effect on beneficial microorganisms in the soil, reduce the occurrence of the tomato soil-borne diseases, improve the cultivation survival rate of tomatoes and increase the growth speed and yield of tomatoes; long-acting control of tomato soil-borne diseases is realized.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of tomato cultivation, in particular to a cultivation method for reducing tomato soil-borne diseases.
Background
Tomato is a fruit and vegetable widely planted in China, has high economic benefit, and is also one of important high-economic crops in China. However, in the cultivation and production process of tomatoes, continuous cropping obstacles exist in tomatoes, and soil-borne diseases of tomatoes are frequently generated. Wherein, tomato bacterial wilt, tomato fusarium wilt and root knot nematode are all diseases transmitted by soil, are main diseases for damaging underground roots of tomatoes, and easily cause root rot and seedling death in the tomato cultivation process. Meanwhile, soil-borne diseases or continuous cropping diseases of tomatoes can cause diseases when tomatoes are continuously planted, so that difficulty in preventing is high; and once the disease is developed, the disease cannot be cured, and the loss of cultivation producers is serious.
In the prior art, chemical reagents such as formalin solution, methyl bromide, calcium cyanamide and the like are generally adopted for treating soil aiming at tomato soil-borne diseases. However, formalin solutions are irritating to some extent and have adverse effects on human health during administration; meanwhile, formalin can destroy ecological balance of beneficial microorganisms in soil, affect soil fertility, and also affect growth speed and yield of tomatoes cultivated subsequently. Although better effect can be obtained by adopting the method of fumigating the soil by using the methyl bromide, the methyl bromide is a highly toxic substance, and after entering the ecological cycle, the methyl bromide not only damages the atmospheric ozone layer, but also has the problems of soil damage, residue and the like. Meanwhile, calcium cyanamide has toxic and side effects on human bodies, livestock and plants, can cause swelling of mucous membranes of the human bodies or the livestock, and the problems of yellowing, falling off and the like of plant leaves, and can also influence the growth speed and the yield of tomatoes which are cultivated subsequently. Furthermore, the existing method for reducing the tomato soil-borne diseases has the defects that after the soil cultivated by tomatoes is treated, the effective component duration is short, the treated soil is at risk of being infected by disease microorganisms again, and the occurrence of the tomato soil-borne diseases cannot be effectively reduced.
Therefore, the existing cultivation method for reducing the tomato soil-borne diseases cannot reduce adverse effects on organisms and soil, reduce adverse effects on beneficial microorganisms in the soil, reduce the occurrence of the tomato soil-borne diseases, improve the tomato cultivation survival rate and improve the tomato growth speed and yield; long-acting control of tomato soil-borne diseases cannot be realized.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to solve the technical problems in the prior art, the invention provides a cultivation method for reducing tomato soil-borne diseases, which can reduce adverse effects on organisms and soil, reduce adverse effects on beneficial microorganisms in the soil, reduce the occurrence of tomato soil-borne diseases, improve the cultivation survival rate of tomatoes, and improve the growth speed and yield of tomatoes; long-acting control of tomato soil-borne diseases is realized.
In order to solve the technical problems, the technical scheme adopted by the invention is as follows:
a cultivation method for reducing tomato soil-borne diseases comprises the following steps: pretreatment, primary treatment, secondary treatment and post-treatment.
The pretreatment, cleaning residual plant residues and main roots in soil, uniformly broadcasting calcium magnesium phosphate fertilizer after the soil is scattered and rotary tillage, controlling the dosage of the calcium magnesium phosphate fertilizer in each mu to be 10-15kg, spraying pretreatment liquid after rotary tillage again, controlling the dosage of the pretreatment liquid in each mu to be 20-25kg, and carrying out rotary tillage for 1-2 times after the pretreatment liquid is sprayed for 3-5 days, so as to keep the soil loose and smooth.
In the pretreatment, chitosan oligosaccharide, sodium humate, oregano extract, fructus cnidii extract and tween-80 are put into purified water to be uniformly dispersed to obtain the pretreatment liquid. Wherein, the weight ratio of the chitosan oligosaccharide to the sodium humate to the oregano extract to the cnidium fruit extract to the tween-80 to the purified water is 0.8-1.2:8-10:1-2:1-2:0.1-0.2:100-110;
the specification of the oregano extract is 80-100 meshes, and the extraction ratio is 10-20:1;
the specification of fructus Cnidii extract is 80-100 mesh, and the extraction ratio is 10-20:1.
The primary treatment is carried out, the compound biological agent is uniformly spread into the pretreated soil, the application amount of the compound biological agent in each mu is controlled to be 2-3kg, water is uniformly sprayed after rotary tillage, and the water spraying amount in each mu is controlled to be 25-35kg; standing for 5-7 days to finish one-time treatment.
In the primary treatment, the composite biological microbial inoculum consists of the following raw materials in parts by weight: 3-4 parts of trichoderma harzianum (Latin chemical name: trichoderma harzianum), 3-4 parts of bacillus licheniformis (Latin Wen Xueming: bacillus licheniformis), 1-2 parts of paecilomyces lilacinus (Latin Wen Xueming: paecilomyces lilacinus), and 1-2 parts of bacillus subtilis (Latin Wen Xueming: bacillus subtilis);
the effective viable count of Trichoderma harzianum is 5×10 8 -5.5×10 8 CFU/g, effective viable count of Bacillus licheniformis is 4×10 10 -5×10 10 CFU/g, effective viable count of Paecilomyces lilacinus is 7×10 9 -8×10 9 CFU/g, effective viable count of bacillus subtilis is 8 multiplied by 10 10 -10×10 10 CFU/g。
In the secondary treatment, secondary treatment liquid is uniformly sprayed into the soil after the primary treatment, the application amount of the secondary treatment liquid in each mu is controlled to be 35-45kg, after a TIF film is covered for 2-3 days, the film is uncovered, and after an organic fertilizer and a compound fertilizer are added, rotary tillage and furrow making are carried out, so that the secondary treatment is completed.
In the secondary treatment, the preparation method of the secondary treatment liquid comprises the following steps: preparing modified powder and liquid.
The preparation of modified powder, namely uniformly mixing attapulgite, zeolite powder and diatomite, adding the mixture into hydrochloric acid solution with the weight being 6-8 times that of the mixture, stirring for 5-8 hours, filtering out the mixture, drying the mixture at 105-115 ℃ to constant weight, transferring the mixture into a ball mill, adding a silane coupling agent KH-550 and purified water into the ball mill, controlling the ball-material ratio to be 5-7:1, controlling the ball-milling temperature to be 40-50 ℃ and the ball-milling rotating speed to be 200-300rpm, and performing ball-milling treatment for 2-3 hours to obtain a ball-milling treated product; and sequentially adopting absolute ethyl alcohol with the volume of 8-10 times and purified water to wash ball-milling treated matters, and drying for 4-6 hours at the temperature of 105-115 ℃ to prepare modified powder.
In the preparation of the modified powder, the weight ratio of the attapulgite to the zeolite powder to the diatomite to the silane coupling agent KH-550 to the purified water is 4-6:3-5:1-2:2-2.5:8-10;
the concentration of the hydrochloric acid solution is 8-10wt%.
The preparation method comprises the steps of adding modified powder, chitosan oligosaccharide, sodium phytate, dandelion extract, wormwood extract, lotus leaf extract, sodium alginate and sodium carboxymethylcellulose into purified water, and uniformly dispersing to obtain secondary treatment liquid.
In the liquid preparation, the weight ratio of the modified powder to the chitosan oligosaccharide to the sodium phytate to the dandelion extract to the wormwood extract to the lotus leaf extract to the sodium alginate to the sodium carboxymethyl cellulose to the purified water is 25-30:3-4:3-4:6-8:6-8:2-3:0.8-1:0.5-0.8:140-150;
the specification of dandelion extract is 80-100 meshes, and the extraction ratio is 10-20:1;
the specification of the mugwort extract is 80-100 meshes, and the extraction ratio is 10-20:1;
the specification of the lotus leaf extract is 80-100 meshes, and the extraction ratio is 10-20:1.
The post-treatment is carried out, tomato seedlings are obtained after the tomato seeds are disinfected, germinated and grown, the tomato seedlings are planted in the soil after the secondary treatment, double-row dislocation planting is adopted, the planting row spacing is controlled to be 48-50cm, and the planting row spacing is controlled to be 37-39cm; and (3) after the tomato seedlings are transplanted to live for 6-7 days, root irrigation is carried out on the tomato plants by adopting the diluent, and the dosage of the diluent in each mu is controlled to be 18-20kg. Meanwhile, the root irrigation operation is repeated at intervals of 8-10 days after root irrigation; after root irrigation is completed for 6-7 times, root irrigation operation is repeated every 30 days.
In the post-treatment, the diluent is prepared by adding chitosan oligosaccharide, sodium phytate, dandelion extract, wormwood extract, lotus leaf extract, sodium alginate and sodium carboxymethylcellulose into purified water, uniformly dispersing, and diluting by 4-5 times after the stock solution is prepared.
The weight ratio of the chitosan oligosaccharide to the sodium phytate to the dandelion extract to the wormwood extract to the lotus leaf extract to the sodium alginate to the sodium carboxymethylcellulose to the purified water in the stock solution is 3-4:3-4:6-8:6-8:2-3:0.4-0.5:0.2-0.3:140-150.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the beneficial effects that:
(1) According to the cultivation method for reducing the tomato soil-borne diseases, in the pretreatment step, the pretreatment liquid composed of specific raw materials is combined with the calcium magnesium phosphate fertilizer matched with the pretreatment liquid, so that the soil is pretreated; then, after the soil is treated for the first time by adopting a composite biological microbial inoculum composed of specific strains, applying an organic fertilizer and a compound fertilizer after the soil is treated by adopting a specific secondary treatment liquid; after the tomato seedlings are planted, the specific diluent is adopted to irrigate the roots of the tomato plants periodically; the method can reduce adverse effects on organisms and soil, reduce adverse effects on beneficial microorganisms in the soil, reduce the occurrence of tomato soil-borne diseases, improve the tomato cultivation survival rate and increase the tomato growth speed and yield; long-acting control of tomato soil-borne diseases is realized.
(2) According to the cultivation method for reducing the soil-borne diseases of the tomatoes, the survival rate of the tomato seedlings can reach 100% when the tomato seedlings are planted for 30 days; the incidence rate of soil-borne diseases is 0% in the process of planting tomato seedlings to picking tomatoes, the acre yield of the tomatoes is 7108-7364kg, the number of mature days of the tomatoes seedlings to planting tomatoes is 78-81d, the occurrence of the soil-borne diseases of the tomatoes is effectively reduced, the cultivation survival rate of the tomatoes is improved, and the growth speed and the yield of the tomatoes are improved.
(3) According to the cultivation method for reducing the soil-borne diseases of tomatoes, experiments prove that in tomatoes cultivated and harvested, the vitamin C content is 612-637mk/kg, the lycopene content is 0.527-0.541 mug/mL, the amino acid content is 55.2-58.4 mug/g, the soluble sugar content is 3.94-4.18%, and the nutrition of tomatoes can be effectively improved, and the commodity of tomatoes is improved.
(4) The cultivation method for reducing tomato soil-borne diseases can reduce adverse effects on organisms and soil, reduce adverse effects on beneficial microorganisms in soil and reduce the adverse effects on the organisms and the soilThe method can promote the growth and propagation of beneficial microorganisms while killing soil-borne disease germs and root-knot nematodes, and is tested that the total number of beneficial microorganisms in each gram of dry soil is 441-469 multiplied by 10 on the 5 th day after 6-7 times of continuous root irrigation in the post-treatment process 4 And each.
(5) The cultivation method for reducing the tomato soil-borne diseases has the control duration of 170-183d on the tomato soil-borne diseases, and can realize the long-term control on the tomato soil-borne diseases.
Detailed Description
Specific embodiments of the present invention will now be described in order to provide a clearer understanding of the technical features, objects and effects of the present invention.
Example 1
A cultivation method for reducing tomato soil-borne diseases comprises the following steps:
1. pretreatment of
Cleaning plant residues and main roots remained in soil, uniformly scattering calcium magnesium phosphate fertilizer after the soil is scattered and rotary tillage, controlling the dosage of the calcium magnesium phosphate fertilizer in each mu to be 10kg, spraying pretreatment liquid after rotary tillage again, controlling the dosage of the pretreatment liquid in each mu to be 20kg, and carrying out rotary tillage for 1 time after the pretreatment liquid is sprayed for 3 days, so that the soil is kept loose and smooth.
Wherein the pretreatment liquid is prepared by adding chitosan oligosaccharide, sodium humate, oregano extract, fructus Cnidii extract, and tween-80 into purified water, and dispersing uniformly. Wherein, the weight ratio of the chitosan oligosaccharide to the sodium humate to the oregano extract to the cnidium fruit extract to the tween-80 to the purified water is 0.8:8:1:1:0.1:100.
The specification of the oregano extract is 80 meshes, and the extraction ratio is 10:1.
The specification of the fructus cnidii extract is 80 meshes, and the extraction ratio is 10:1.
2. One-time treatment
Uniformly broadcasting a composite biological microbial inoculum into the pretreated soil, controlling the application amount of the composite biological microbial inoculum in each mu to be 2kg, uniformly spraying water after rotary tillage, and controlling the water spraying amount in each mu to be 25kg; standing for 5 days, and completing one-time treatment.
The composite biological microbial inoculum consists of the following raw materials in parts by weight: 3 parts of trichoderma harzianum, 3 parts of bacillus licheniformis, 1 part of paecilomyces lilacinus and 1 part of bacillus subtilis.
The effective viable count of Trichoderma harzianum is 5×10 8 CFU/g, effective viable count of Bacillus licheniformis is 4×10 10 CFU/g, effective viable count of Paecilomyces lilacinus is 7×10 9 CFU/g, effective viable count of bacillus subtilis is 8 multiplied by 10 10 CFU/g。
3. Secondary treatment
Uniformly spraying secondary treatment liquid into the soil after primary treatment, controlling the application amount of the secondary treatment liquid in each mu to be 35kg, covering a TIF film for 2 days, uncovering the film, adding an organic fertilizer and a compound fertilizer, and performing rotary tillage and ridging to finish secondary treatment.
Wherein, the organic fertilizer and the compound fertilizer adopt the conventional organic fertilizer and the conventional compound fertilizer for tomato cultivation, the total dosage of the organic fertilizer and the compound fertilizer is 250 kg/mu, and the weight ratio of the organic fertilizer to the compound fertilizer is 3.5:1.
The preparation method of the secondary treatment liquid comprises the following steps: preparing modified powder and liquid.
1) Preparation of modified powder
Uniformly mixing attapulgite, zeolite powder and diatomite, adding the mixture into hydrochloric acid solution with the weight being 6 times that of the mixture, stirring the mixture for 5 hours, filtering the mixture, drying the mixture at 105 ℃ to constant weight, transferring the mixture into a ball mill, adding a silane removal coupling agent KH-550 and purified water into the ball mill, controlling the ball-material ratio to be 5:1, and performing ball milling at the temperature of 40 ℃ and the ball milling rotating speed of 200rpm for 2 hours to obtain a ball milling treated product; and sequentially adopting absolute ethyl alcohol with 8 times of volume, purified water, washing ball-milling the treated matters by water, and drying at 105 ℃ for 4 hours to obtain modified powder.
Wherein, the weight ratio of the attapulgite, the zeolite powder, the diatomite, the silane coupling agent KH-550 and the purified water is 4:3:1:2:8.
The concentration of the hydrochloric acid solution was 8wt%.
2) Liquid preparation
Adding modified powder, chitosan oligosaccharide, sodium phytate, dandelion extract, wormwood extract, lotus leaf extract, sodium alginate and sodium carboxymethylcellulose into purified water, and uniformly dispersing to obtain secondary treatment liquid.
Wherein the weight ratio of the modified powder to the chitosan oligosaccharide to the sodium phytate to the dandelion extract to the wormwood extract to the lotus leaf extract to the sodium alginate to the sodium carboxymethylcellulose to the purified water is 25:3:3:6:6:2:0.8:0.5:140.
The specification of dandelion extract is 80 meshes, and the extraction ratio is 10:1.
The specification of the mugwort extract is 80 meshes, and the extraction ratio is 10:1.
The specification of the lotus leaf extract is 80 meshes, and the extraction ratio is 10:1.
4. Post-treatment
The tomato seeds are sterilized, germinated and grown to obtain tomato seedlings, the tomato seedlings are planted in the soil after secondary treatment, double-row dislocation planting is adopted, the planting row spacing is controlled to be 48cm, and the planting plant spacing is controlled to be 37cm; and 6 days after the tomato seedlings are transplanted to survive, root irrigation is carried out on tomato plants by adopting the diluent, and the dosage of the diluent in each mu is controlled to be 18kg. Meanwhile, the root irrigation operation is repeated at intervals of 8 days after root irrigation; after root irrigation is completed for 6 times, root irrigation operation is repeated every 30 days.
The diluent is a secondary treatment liquid obtained by omitting the dilution of the modified powder, namely, the diluent is obtained by adding chitosan oligosaccharide, sodium phytate, dandelion extract, wormwood extract, lotus leaf extract, sodium alginate and sodium carboxymethyl cellulose into purified water, uniformly dispersing, and diluting by 4 times.
The weight ratio of the chitosan oligosaccharide to the sodium phytate to the dandelion extract to the wormwood extract to the lotus leaf extract to the sodium alginate to the sodium carboxymethylcellulose to the purified water is 3:3:6:6:2:0.4:0.2:140.
Example 2
A cultivation method for reducing tomato soil-borne diseases comprises the following steps:
1. pretreatment of
Cleaning plant residues and main roots remained in soil, uniformly scattering calcium magnesium phosphate fertilizer after the soil is scattered and rotary tillage, controlling the dosage of the calcium magnesium phosphate fertilizer in each mu to be 13kg, spraying pretreatment liquid after rotary tillage again, controlling the dosage of the pretreatment liquid in each mu to be 23kg, and carrying out rotary tillage for 2 times after the pretreatment liquid is sprayed for 4 days, so that the soil is kept loose and smooth.
Wherein the pretreatment liquid is prepared by adding chitosan oligosaccharide, sodium humate, oregano extract, fructus Cnidii extract, and tween-80 into purified water, and dispersing uniformly. Wherein, the weight ratio of the chitosan oligosaccharide to the sodium humate to the oregano extract to the cnidium fruit extract to the tween-80 to the purified water is 1:9:1.5:1.5:0.15:105.
The specification of the oregano extract is 90 meshes, and the extraction ratio is 20:1.
The specification of the fructus cnidii extract is 90 meshes, and the extraction ratio is 20:1.
2. One-time treatment
Uniformly broadcasting a composite biological microbial inoculum into the pretreated soil, controlling the application amount of the composite biological microbial inoculum in each mu to be 2.5kg, uniformly spraying water after rotary tillage, and controlling the water spraying amount in each mu to be 30kg; standing for 6 days, and completing one-time treatment.
The composite biological microbial inoculum consists of the following raw materials in parts by weight: 3.5 parts of trichoderma harzianum, 3.5 parts of bacillus licheniformis, 1.8 parts of paecilomyces lilacinus and 1.5 parts of bacillus subtilis.
The effective viable count of Trichoderma harzianum is 5.3X10 8 CFU/g, effective viable count of Bacillus licheniformis is 4.5X10 10 CFU/g, effective viable count of Paecilomyces lilacinus is 7.5X10 9 CFU/g, effective viable count of bacillus subtilis is 9 multiplied by 10 10 CFU/g。
3. Secondary treatment
Uniformly spraying secondary treatment liquid into the soil after primary treatment, controlling the application amount of the secondary treatment liquid in each mu to be 40kg, covering a TIF film for 2.5 days, uncovering the film, adding an organic fertilizer and a compound fertilizer, and performing rotary tillage and ridging to complete secondary treatment.
Wherein, the organic fertilizer and the compound fertilizer adopt the conventional organic fertilizer and the conventional compound fertilizer for tomato cultivation, the total dosage of the organic fertilizer and the compound fertilizer is 300 kg/mu, and the weight ratio of the organic fertilizer to the compound fertilizer is 4:1.
The preparation method of the secondary treatment liquid comprises the following steps: preparing modified powder and liquid.
1) Preparation of modified powder
Uniformly mixing attapulgite, zeolite powder and diatomite, adding the mixture into hydrochloric acid solution with the weight being 7 times that of the mixture, stirring the mixture for 7 hours, filtering the mixture, drying the mixture at the temperature of 110 ℃ to constant weight, transferring the mixture into a ball mill, adding a silane removal coupling agent KH-550 and purified water into the ball mill, controlling the ball-material ratio to be 6:1, and performing ball milling at the temperature of 45 ℃ and the ball milling rotating speed of 250rpm for 2.5 hours to obtain a ball-milled product; sequentially adopting absolute ethyl alcohol with the volume of 9 times and purified water to wash ball-milling treated matters, and drying at 110 ℃ for 5 hours to prepare modified powder.
Wherein, the weight ratio of the attapulgite, the zeolite powder, the diatomite, the silane coupling agent KH-550 and the purified water is 5:4:1.5:2.3:9.
The concentration of the hydrochloric acid solution was 9wt%.
2) Liquid preparation
Adding modified powder, chitosan oligosaccharide, sodium phytate, dandelion extract, wormwood extract, lotus leaf extract, sodium alginate and sodium carboxymethylcellulose into purified water, and uniformly dispersing to obtain secondary treatment liquid.
Wherein the weight ratio of the modified powder to the chitosan oligosaccharide to the sodium phytate to the dandelion extract to the wormwood extract to the lotus leaf extract to the sodium alginate to the sodium carboxymethylcellulose to the purified water is 28:3.5:3.5:7:7:2.5:0.9:0.65:145.
The specification of dandelion extract is 90 meshes, and the extraction ratio is 20:1.
The specification of the mugwort extract is 90 meshes, and the extraction ratio is 20:1.
The specification of the lotus leaf extract is 90 meshes, and the extraction ratio is 20:1.
4. Post-treatment
The tomato seeds are sterilized, germinated and grown to obtain tomato seedlings, the tomato seedlings are planted in the soil after secondary treatment, double-row dislocation planting is adopted, the planting row spacing is controlled to be 49cm, and the planting plant spacing is controlled to be 38cm; and 6.5 days after the tomato seedlings are transplanted and survived, the tomato plants are root irrigated by adopting the diluent, and the dosage of the diluent in each mu is controlled to be 19kg. Meanwhile, the root irrigation operation is repeated at intervals of 9 days after root irrigation; after root irrigation is completed for 7 times, root irrigation operation is repeated every 30 days.
The diluent is secondary treatment liquid obtained by omitting the dilution of the modified powder, namely, the diluent is obtained by adding chitosan oligosaccharide, sodium phytate, dandelion extract, mugwort extract, lotus leaf extract, sodium alginate and sodium carboxymethyl cellulose into purified water, uniformly dispersing, and diluting by 4.5 times after preparing stock solution.
The weight ratio of the chitosan oligosaccharide to the sodium phytate to the dandelion extract to the wormwood extract to the lotus leaf extract to the sodium alginate to the sodium carboxymethylcellulose to the purified water in the stock solution is 3.5:3.5:7:2.5:0.45:0.25:145.
Example 3
A cultivation method for reducing tomato soil-borne diseases comprises the following steps:
1. pretreatment of
Cleaning plant residues and main roots remained in soil, uniformly scattering calcium magnesium phosphate fertilizer after the soil is scattered and rotary tillage, controlling the dosage of the calcium magnesium phosphate fertilizer in each mu to be 15kg, spraying pretreatment liquid after rotary tillage again, controlling the dosage of the pretreatment liquid in each mu to be 25kg, and carrying out rotary tillage for 2 times after the pretreatment liquid is sprayed for 5 days, so that the soil is kept loose and smooth.
Wherein the pretreatment liquid is prepared by adding chitosan oligosaccharide, sodium humate, oregano extract, fructus Cnidii extract, and tween-80 into purified water, and dispersing uniformly. Wherein, the weight ratio of the chitosan oligosaccharide to the sodium humate to the oregano extract to the cnidium fruit extract to the tween-80 to the purified water is 1.2:10:2:2:0.2:110.
The specification of the oregano extract is 100 meshes, and the extraction ratio is 15:1.
The specification of the fructus cnidii extract is 100 meshes, and the extraction ratio is 15:1.
2. One-time treatment
Uniformly broadcasting a composite biological microbial inoculum into the pretreated soil, controlling the application amount of the composite biological microbial inoculum in each mu to be 3kg, uniformly spraying water after rotary tillage, and controlling the water spraying amount in each mu to be 35kg; standing for 7 days, and completing one-time treatment.
The composite biological microbial inoculum consists of the following raw materials in parts by weight: 4 parts of trichoderma harzianum, 4 parts of bacillus licheniformis, 2 parts of paecilomyces lilacinus and 2 parts of bacillus subtilis.
The effective viable count of Trichoderma harzianum is 5.5X10 8 CFU/g, effective viable count of Bacillus licheniformis is 5×10 10 CFU/g, effective viable count of Paecilomyces lilacinus is 8×10 9 CFU/g, effective viable count of bacillus subtilis is 10 multiplied by 10 10 CFU/g。
3. Secondary treatment
Uniformly spraying secondary treatment liquid into the soil after primary treatment, controlling the application amount of the secondary treatment liquid in each mu to be 45kg, covering a TIF film for 3 days, uncovering the film, adding an organic fertilizer and a compound fertilizer, and performing rotary tillage and ridging to complete secondary treatment.
Wherein, the organic fertilizer and the compound fertilizer are conventional organic fertilizer and compound fertilizer for tomato cultivation, the total dosage of the organic fertilizer and the compound fertilizer is 350 kg/mu, and the weight ratio of the organic fertilizer to the compound fertilizer is 4.5:1.
The preparation method of the secondary treatment liquid comprises the following steps: preparing modified powder and liquid.
1) Preparation of modified powder
Uniformly mixing attapulgite, zeolite powder and diatomite, adding the mixture into hydrochloric acid solution with the weight being 8 times that of the mixture, stirring the mixture for 8 hours, filtering the mixture, drying the mixture at 115 ℃ to constant weight, transferring the mixture into a ball mill, adding a silane removal coupling agent KH-550 and purified water into the ball mill, controlling the ball-material ratio to be 7:1, and performing ball milling at 50 ℃ and at the ball milling rotating speed of 300rpm for 3 hours to obtain a ball milling treated product; sequentially adopting 10 times of absolute ethyl alcohol, purified water, washing ball-milling treatment substances, and drying at 115 ℃ for 6 hours to prepare modified powder.
Wherein, the weight ratio of the attapulgite, the zeolite powder, the diatomite, the silane coupling agent KH-550 and the purified water is 6:5:2:2.5:10.
The concentration of the hydrochloric acid solution was 10wt%.
2) Liquid preparation
Adding modified powder, chitosan oligosaccharide, sodium phytate, dandelion extract, wormwood extract, lotus leaf extract, sodium alginate and sodium carboxymethylcellulose into purified water, and uniformly dispersing to obtain secondary treatment liquid.
Wherein the weight ratio of the modified powder to the chitosan oligosaccharide to the sodium phytate to the dandelion extract to the wormwood extract to the lotus leaf extract to the sodium alginate to the sodium carboxymethylcellulose to the purified water is 30:4:4:8:8:3:1:0.8:150.
The specification of dandelion extract is 100 meshes, and the extraction ratio is 15:1.
The specification of the mugwort extract is 100 meshes, and the extraction ratio is 15:1.
The specification of the lotus leaf extract is 100 meshes, and the extraction ratio is 15:1.
4. Post-treatment
The tomato seeds are sterilized, germinated and grown to obtain tomato seedlings, the tomato seedlings are planted in the soil after secondary treatment, double-row dislocation planting is adopted, the planting row spacing is controlled to be 50cm, and the planting plant spacing is controlled to be 39cm; and (3) after the tomato seedlings are transplanted and survived for 7 days, root irrigation is carried out on tomato plants by adopting the diluent, and the dosage of the diluent in each mu is controlled to be 20kg. Meanwhile, root irrigation is repeated at intervals of 10 days after root irrigation; after root irrigation is completed for 7 times, root irrigation operation is repeated every 30 days.
The diluent is a secondary treatment liquid obtained by omitting the dilution of the modified powder, namely, the diluent is obtained by adding chitosan oligosaccharide, sodium phytate, dandelion extract, wormwood extract, lotus leaf extract, sodium alginate and sodium carboxymethyl cellulose into purified water, uniformly dispersing, and diluting by 5 times after preparing a stock solution.
The weight ratio of the chitosan oligosaccharide to the sodium phytate to the dandelion extract to the wormwood extract to the lotus leaf extract to the sodium alginate to the sodium carboxymethylcellulose to the purified water is 4:4:8:8:3:0.5:0.3:150.
Comparative example 1
The cultivation method for reducing tomato soil-borne diseases described in example 2 is adopted, and the difference is that: 1) In the pretreatment step, the use of pretreatment liquid is omitted, and water with the same weight part is adopted for spraying; 2) In the preparation of the secondary treatment liquid, the step of preparing the modified powder is omitted, the attapulgite, the zeolite powder and the diatomite are directly used in the step of preparing the liquid, and the modified powder is replaced by equal parts by weight. The proportion of the attapulgite, the zeolite powder and the diatomite is unchanged.
Comparative example 2
The cultivation method for reducing tomato soil-borne diseases described in example 2 is adopted, and the difference is that: 1) In one treatment, the use of bacillus licheniformis and paecilomyces lilacinus is omitted; 2) In the preparation of the secondary treatment liquid, the step of preparing the liquid omits chitosan oligosaccharide, sodium phytate, mugwort extract and lotus leaf extract; 3) In the post-treatment diluent, chitosan oligosaccharide, sodium phytate, mugwort extract and lotus leaf extract are omitted.
Experiments were carried out by using the cultivation methods for reducing tomato soil-borne diseases of examples 1-3 and comparative examples 1-2. Taking 15 mu of tomato planting fields as test fields, dividing the tomato planting fields into 5 parts on average, and numbering the tomato planting fields as 1-5; in test fields 1 to 5, cultivation of tomatoes was carried out by using the cultivation methods for reducing soil-borne diseases of tomatoes of examples 1 to 3 and comparative examples 1 to 2, and a tomato variety was selected as a local coarse powder tomato of Shandong Weifang. The specific correspondence is as follows:
counting the survival rate of tomato seedlings after planting for 30 days in each test field; and counting the incidence rate of soil-borne diseases and the acre yield of tomatoes in the process of planting tomato seedlings to picking tomatoes, and recording the number of days from the planting of the tomato seedlings to the maturity of the tomatoes. The specific results are as follows:
further, 20 tomatoes are randomly selected from tomatoes picked in each test field to detect the content of vitamin C, lycopene, amino acid and soluble sugar, and the average value is obtained; meanwhile, in the post-treatment process, on the 5 th day after 6-7 times of continuous root irrigation, soil samples of each test field are taken to detect the total number of beneficial microorganisms in each gram of dry soil. The specific results are as follows:
further, for the cultivation methods for reducing tomato soil-borne diseases of examples 1-3 and comparative examples 1-2, the duration of control of tomato soil-borne diseases in each test field was determined, and the specific results are as follows:
it can be seen that in the pretreatment step, the pretreatment liquid composed of specific raw materials is combined with the calcium magnesium phosphate fertilizer matched with the pretreatment liquid to pretreat the soil; then, after the soil is treated for the first time by adopting a composite biological microbial inoculum composed of specific strains, applying an organic fertilizer and a compound fertilizer after the soil is treated by adopting a specific secondary treatment liquid; after the tomato seedlings are planted, the specific diluent is adopted to irrigate the roots of the tomato plants periodically; the method can reduce adverse effects on organisms and soil, reduce adverse effects on beneficial microorganisms in the soil, reduce the occurrence of tomato soil-borne diseases, improve the tomato cultivation survival rate and increase the tomato growth speed and yield; long-acting control of tomato soil-borne diseases is realized.
The percentages used in the present invention are mass percentages unless otherwise indicated.
Finally, it should be noted that: the foregoing description is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention, and the present invention is not limited thereto, but it is to be understood that modifications and equivalents of some of the technical features described in the foregoing embodiments may be made by those skilled in the art, although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the foregoing embodiments. Any modification, equivalent replacement, improvement, etc. made within the spirit and principle of the present invention should be included in the protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (1)
1. A cultivation method for reducing tomato soil-borne diseases, which is characterized by comprising the following steps: pretreatment, primary treatment, secondary treatment and post-treatment;
the pretreatment is carried out, residual plant residues and main roots in the soil are cleaned, after the soil is scattered and rotary tillage is carried out, calcium magnesium phosphate fertilizer is spread, after rotary tillage is carried out again, pretreatment liquid is sprayed, after the pretreatment liquid is sprayed for 3-5 days, rotary tillage is carried out for 1-2 times, and the soil is kept loose and smooth;
in the pretreatment, the dosage of the calcium magnesium phosphate fertilizer is 10-15 kg/mu; the application amount of the pretreatment liquid is 20-25 kg/mu;
the pretreatment liquid consists of the following raw materials: chitosan oligosaccharide, sodium humate, oregano extract, fructus Cnidii extract, tween-80 and purified water;
the pretreatment liquid comprises chitosan oligosaccharide, sodium humate, oregano extract, fructus Cnidii extract, tween-80 and purified water in a weight ratio of 0.8-1.2:8-10:1-2:1-2:0.1-0.2:100-110;
the specification of the oregano extract is 80-100 meshes, and the extraction ratio is 10-20:1;
the specification of fructus Cnidii extract is 80-100 mesh, and the extraction ratio is 10-20:1;
the primary treatment is carried out, the compound biological agent is uniformly spread into the pretreated soil, and water is uniformly sprayed after rotary tillage; standing for 5-7 days to finish one-time treatment;
in the one-time treatment, the application amount of the composite biological microbial inoculum is 2-3 kg/mu; the water spraying amount is 25-35 kg/mu;
the composite biological microbial inoculum is prepared from the following raw materials in parts by weight: 3-4 parts of trichoderma harzianum, 3-4 parts of bacillus licheniformis, 1-2 parts of paecilomyces lilacinus and 1-2 parts of bacillus subtilis;
the effective viable count of the trichoderma harzianum is 5 multiplied by 10 8 -5.5×10 8 CFU/g, effective viable count of Bacillus licheniformis is 4×10 10 -5×10 10 CFU/g, effective viable count of Paecilomyces lilacinus is 7×10 9 -8×10 9 CFU/g, effective viable count of bacillus subtilis is 8 multiplied by 10 10 -10×10 10 CFU/g；
The secondary treatment is carried out, secondary treatment liquid is evenly sprayed into the soil after the primary treatment, the TIF film is covered for 2-3 days, the film is uncovered, and after the organic fertilizer and the compound fertilizer are added, rotary tillage and furrow making are carried out, so that the secondary treatment is completed;
in the secondary treatment, the application amount of the secondary treatment liquid is 35-45 kg/mu; the total dosage of the organic fertilizer and the compound fertilizer is 250-350 kg/mu, and the weight ratio of the organic fertilizer to the compound fertilizer is 3.5-4.5:1;
the preparation method of the secondary treatment liquid comprises the following steps: preparing modified powder and liquid;
the preparation of modified powder, namely uniformly mixing attapulgite, zeolite powder and diatomite, adding the mixture into a hydrochloric acid solution with the weight of 6-8 times and the concentration of 8-10wt%, stirring for 5-8 hours, filtering, drying at 105-115 ℃ to constant weight, transferring into a ball mill, adding a silane coupling agent KH-550 and purified water into the ball mill, controlling the ball-material ratio to be 5-7:1, the ball milling temperature to be 40-50 ℃, the ball milling rotating speed to be 200-300rpm, and performing ball milling treatment for 2-3 hours to obtain a ball milling treated product; sequentially adopting absolute ethyl alcohol with the volume of 8-10 times and purified water to wash ball-milling treatment substances, and drying for 4-6 hours at 105-115 ℃ to prepare modified powder;
the weight ratio of the attapulgite to the zeolite powder to the diatomite to the silane coupling agent KH-550 to the purified water is 4-6:3-5:1-2:2-2.5:8-10;
the preparation method comprises the steps of adding modified powder, chitosan oligosaccharide, sodium phytate, dandelion extract, wormwood extract, lotus leaf extract, sodium alginate and sodium carboxymethylcellulose into purified water, and uniformly dispersing to obtain secondary treatment liquid;
the weight ratio of the modified powder to the chitosan oligosaccharide to the sodium phytate to the dandelion extract to the wormwood extract to the lotus leaf extract to the sodium alginate to the sodium carboxymethylcellulose to the purified water is 25-30:3-4:3-4:6-8:6-8:2-3:0.8-1:0.5-0.8:140-150;
the specification of dandelion extract is 80-100 meshes, and the extraction ratio is 10-20:1;
the specification of the mugwort extract is 80-100 meshes, and the extraction ratio is 10-20:1;
the specification of the lotus leaf extract is 80-100 meshes, and the extraction ratio is 10-20:1;
the post-treatment, namely planting tomato seedlings in the soil after the secondary treatment, and root irrigation is carried out on tomato plants by adopting a diluent after the tomato seedlings are transplanted to be alive for 6-7 days; repeating root irrigation operation at intervals of 8-10 days after root irrigation; repeating root irrigation operation once every 30 days after root irrigation is completed for 6-7 times;
in the post-treatment, the tomato seedlings are planted in a double-row staggered mode, the row spacing of the planting is controlled to be 48-50cm, and the plant spacing of the planting is controlled to be 37-39cm; the dosage of the diluent is 18-20 kg/mu;
the diluent is prepared by adding chitosan oligosaccharide, sodium phytate, dandelion extract, wormwood extract, lotus leaf extract, sodium alginate and sodium carboxymethylcellulose into purified water, uniformly dispersing, and diluting after preparing stock solution;
in the stock solution, the weight ratio of the chitosan oligosaccharide to the sodium phytate to the dandelion extract to the wormwood extract to the lotus leaf extract to the sodium alginate to the sodium carboxymethylcellulose to the purified water is 3-4:3-4:6-8:6-8:2-3:0.4-0.5:0.2-0.3:140-150;
the diluted solution is prepared by diluting the stock solution by 4-5 times.
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| WO1989009200A1 (en) * | 1988-03-25 | 1989-10-05 | Bioplant Etablissement | Soil conditioner and leaf fertilizer |
| CN1385492A (en) * | 2002-04-30 | 2002-12-18 | 杨群辉 | Nutrient and bacteriostasis type soil regulator |
| CN105777434A (en) * | 2016-04-06 | 2016-07-20 | 温州任和教育科技有限责任公司 | Slow release water-retaining compound fertilizer and preparation method thereof |
| CN109593675A (en) * | 2018-12-18 | 2019-04-09 | 山东五福生生态工程有限公司 | Complex micro organism fungicide and its preparation method and application |
| CN115088562A (en) * | 2022-06-17 | 2022-09-23 | 茂名市农业科技推广中心 | Open field cucumber root area environment regulation and control and continuous cropping obstacle prevention and control cultivation method |
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| US8629086B2 (en) * | 2007-02-06 | 2014-01-14 | Oro Agri, Inc. | Compositions and methods for the control of nematodes and soil borne diseases |
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Patent Citations (5)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| WO1989009200A1 (en) * | 1988-03-25 | 1989-10-05 | Bioplant Etablissement | Soil conditioner and leaf fertilizer |
| CN1385492A (en) * | 2002-04-30 | 2002-12-18 | 杨群辉 | Nutrient and bacteriostasis type soil regulator |
| CN105777434A (en) * | 2016-04-06 | 2016-07-20 | 温州任和教育科技有限责任公司 | Slow release water-retaining compound fertilizer and preparation method thereof |
| CN109593675A (en) * | 2018-12-18 | 2019-04-09 | 山东五福生生态工程有限公司 | Complex micro organism fungicide and its preparation method and application |
| CN115088562A (en) * | 2022-06-17 | 2022-09-23 | 茂名市农业科技推广中心 | Open field cucumber root area environment regulation and control and continuous cropping obstacle prevention and control cultivation method |
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