CN116580881A - 多层发泡电线 - Google Patents
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Abstract
本发明涉及一种电线(10),其包括多个电导体(1)和由塑料制成的护套(3),每个电导体具有绝缘体(2),其独特之处在于,所述护套(3)在没有中间层的情况下直接施加到所述导体(1)的所述绝缘体(2)上并围绕所述导体(1)的绝缘体(2),所述护套(3)选自塑料的组,所述塑料为热塑性且弹性的塑料,优选地具有聚丙烯基体或聚乙烯基体,并且所述电线还具有围绕所述护套(3)的薄的硬质覆盖层(4),其由非发泡材料制成。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及一种具有特定护套结构的多层发泡电线以及用于制造包括这种护套结构的这类缆线的方法。本发明进一步涉及一种具有护套的电线,其包括具有绝缘体的至少一个电导体和由塑料制成的护套结构。
背景技术
具有不同结构缆线的电线在现有技术中是已知的。然而,当前的应用和用途要求具有非常特定特性的电线布置。当使用特定材料来实现特定的、期望的优点时,通常也同时存在缺点,有时仅仅是所选塑料的购买和加工成本昂贵的问题。
在现有技术中早已为人所知的DE 30 05 615 A1中的电线,其涉及一种柔性电缆,其具有柔性基础缆线,该缆线由具有大孔体积的发泡材料制成,优选地基于PUR制成,其以螺旋形包裹,并且在外部施加同轴的PUR塑料护套。
在DE 202 15 523U1中描述了另一种已知的电线。该电线特别地适用于机动车辆的防抱死制动系统和转速测量系统的检测器,并已在实践中得到证明。该电线具有由聚氨酯制成的护套。该护套特别地由具有特定肖氏硬度的PP构成,即聚醚-聚氨酯。该肖氏硬度A有利地在75至95的范围内。对于导体的绝缘体的选择,在DE 202 15 523U1中提及乙烯-醋酸乙烯酯共聚物(EVA),介电特性,特别是相对介电常数,在实践中起着重要的作用,因为这些值对的电线的绝缘能力有决定性的影响。
除了电气特性外,其他取决于应用的参数在实践中也发挥着作用。通常,需要良好的可回收性。此外,形状稳定性也很重要。
为了在保持高热形状稳定性的同时提高可回收性,上述实用新型还规定导体的绝缘体由聚氨酯制成,其肖氏硬度D为55至64。这种聚氨酯材料特别地是一种可以再次熔化并因此可以简单地回收利用的热塑性材料。
这里的缺点是生产更复杂。关于对此类电线的技术要求,DE 202 15 523U1参考博世规章VS18296-NKA(2001年10月),除了可回收性外,还特别提及符合VDE 0472-603/J的热形状稳定性和弯曲疲劳强度的技术参数。对于开头所提及类型的电线的使用而言重要的其他性能,特别是机械性能,除了电线的质量之外,还包括扭转行为。电线或任选地在较大的电线部分上应该能够很容易剥离护套的要求,对于电线的可加工性也起到了一定的作用。
在现有技术中,已经为此提出方案,在该方案中,护套由多层发泡和非发泡材料制成,特别是由至少一层非发泡的PP层制成。为了达到一定的机械性能,现有技术还提到覆盖层应设计为非发泡的PP层以改善剥离护套行为。然而,已表明不利的是,由非发泡的PP制成的多孔覆盖层除了孔隙率之外还存在各种其他缺点,并且还必须在非发泡材料和发泡中间层之间实现粘合。
发明内容
因此,本发明的目的在于产生一种开头所述类型的电线,其在上述机械和加工性能方面具有改进的品质,特别是可以以容易且廉价的方式生产,并且具有对外部的高机械稳定性,而不会影响电线的柔韧性。
该目的通过根据权利要求1的特征的组合来实现。
根据本发明,为此目的使用具有材料的特定电线结构,这在所提出的组合中带来特别的优势。第一个构思是在电线布置的多条电线的绝缘体周围去掉原来的内护套,并以这种方式将由发泡材料制成的护套直接安装在绝缘体周围。由此特别地节省了生产步骤,并且可以避免发泡材料层和非发泡材料层之间的连接问题。
根据本发明,已经表明特定热塑性聚合物可以与发泡绝缘体以及非发泡绝缘体组合,由此可以实现良好的粘合,同时保持可以容易控制机械和其他特性。
因此,根据本发明,发泡的护套材料选自塑料的组,所述塑料是热塑性且弹性的塑料,因为这些塑料结合了热塑性塑料的成本低廉的可加工性和弹性体的弹性特性。热塑性硫化橡胶适用于此。
特别有利地,为此目的使用具有聚丙烯基体的热塑性聚合物。
还有利地,将EPDM颗粒,即乙烯-丙烯-二烯橡胶颗粒嵌入聚丙烯基质中。
这种材料也可以应用包覆成型挤出工艺,以便在技术上与热塑性塑料形成牢固的连接,因此热塑性塑料作为泡沫变体也可用作电线的绝缘材料。因此,可以省去以前必须用于此类复合部件的胶合剂、粘合剂以及物理的或机械的连接。另一优点在于,该方法减少了工艺步骤,从而减少了组件生产的周期时间和整体系统成本。
所提出的弹性体发泡护套材料可以特别牢固地粘合到塑料材料,例如聚碳酸酯(PC)、丙烯腈-丁二烯-苯乙烯(ABS)、丙烯腈-苯乙烯-丙烯酸酯(ASA)、聚甲基丙烯酸甲酯(PMMA)和聚对苯二甲酸乙二醇酯(PET)。因此,这些硬质热塑性塑料和上述软质的TPE护套材料特别好地相容。然而,以这种方式也可以实现其他材料组合。
在本发明的一个特别有利的实施例中,提供一种电线,其包括多个电导体和由塑料制成的公用的护套,每个电导体具有绝缘体,其中所述公用的护套在没有中间层的情况下直接施加到导体的绝缘体上并围绕导体的绝缘体,护套选自塑料的组,所述塑料为热塑性且弹性的塑料,优选具有聚丙烯基体或聚乙烯基体,并且在所述护套周围形成由非发泡材料制成的薄的硬质覆盖层。
由于由上述材料制成的发泡层的结构,本发明有利地降低了电线的比质量,在较大和超大电线长度上剥离护套变得更容易,并且扭转性能以及由于发泡层的阻尼作用而导致的机械压力耐性和弯曲疲劳强度得到改善。
还有利地,硬质覆盖层的材料由热塑性PUR组成。通过这种方式实现了这样的构思,其特性包括动态负载能力、宽温度范围内的高柔韧性、高耐磨性以及高抗屈曲和断裂强度,防止油、油脂和溶剂结合天气、臭氧和紫外线辐射以及水解物质的影响。此外,这种电线可以容易进行回收。
同样有利地,绝缘体的材料也可以由根据本发明的构思的泡沫塑料构成。
在本发明的同样优选的实施例中,规定在硬质覆盖层和护套之间不布置中间层,特别是没有具有促进粘附或产生机械连接的功能的中间层。
有利地,护套围绕导体同轴地安装,并且优选地具有圆形横截面轮廓。同样有利地,薄的覆盖层4围绕护套同轴地安装,并且优选地具有圆形横截面轮廓。然而也可以设想并可以是其他形状,特别是非圆形的形状。
本发明的另一方面不仅涉及电线本身,而且还涉及用于生产所述电线的方法,所述方法具有以下步骤:
a)提供线束中的多个导体,每个导体具有发泡的或非发泡的绝缘体;
b)在所述导体的绝缘体上和所述导体的绝缘体周围在没有中间层的情况下施加护套,所述护套由来自塑料的组的塑料材料组成,所述塑料为热塑性且弹性的塑料,并且优选地具有聚丙烯基体或聚乙烯基体,以及
c)在所述护套周围在没有中间层的情况下施加薄的硬质覆盖层,所述覆盖层由非发泡的塑料材料组成,特别是由热塑性聚氨酯组成。
附图说明
本发明的其他有利的进一步方案在从属权利要求中被表征或在下面与参考附图的本发明的优选实施例的描述一起更详细地呈现。
附图中示出:
图1示出根据本发明的构思的电线的实施例。
具体实施方式
下面参考图1更详细地解释本发明,图1仅示出了本发明的示例性实施例。在保留本发明的构思的同时,其他形式和结构变体是可以设想且可能的。
从图1中可以看出,根据本发明的具有护套的电线10由多个电导体1组成,每个电导体1都设有绝缘体2。在所示的实施例中示出了四个电导体1。围绕这四个导体1,即围绕它们的绝缘体2设置公用的护套3,该护套在没有中间层的情况下抵靠在绝缘体2的外轮廓上。
公用的护套3由特定塑料构成,即热塑性硫化橡胶。这在所示的示例性实施例中被形成为具有聚丙烯基体的热塑性聚合物。将EPDM颗粒嵌入聚丙烯基体中,得到具有乙烯-丙烯-二烯橡胶颗粒的热塑性硫化橡胶。
绝缘体2由柔软的非发泡材料制成。导体1的绝缘体2可以由聚氨酯或用于这种绝缘体的材料制成,例如热塑性弹性体(TPE),特别是含苯乙烯的TPE,聚烯烃,例如聚丙烯(PP)、乙烯-醋酸乙烯酯共聚物(EVA),或含氟聚合物,例如FEP(四氟乙烯-六氟丙烯共聚物)。也可以设想其他泡沫塑料或非泡沫塑料。
还可以看出,由非发泡的TPU制成的薄的硬质覆盖层4直接施加在护套3周围。
TPU蒙皮覆盖层4与护套3之间没有中间层。
导体1可以由股线形式或线材形式的导电材料构成。用于导体1的线材也可以由多根单独的线材1a形成,并且因此被设计为绞线导体。
本发明的实施不限于上面指定的优选示例性实施例。更确切地说,即使在完全不同的设计的情况下,也可以设想使用所示方案的多个变体。
Claims (10)
1.一种电线(10),其包括多个电导体(1)和由塑料制成的公用的护套(3),每个电导体具有绝缘体(2),其特征在于,所述护套(3)在没有中间层的情况下直接施加到所述导体(1)的所述绝缘体(2)上并围绕所述导体(1)的绝缘体(2),所述护套(3)选自塑料的组,所述塑料为热塑性且弹性的塑料,优选地具有聚丙烯基体或聚乙烯基体,并且所述电线还具有围绕所述护套(3)的薄的硬质覆盖层(4),其由非发泡材料制成。
2.根据权利要求1所述的电线(10),其特征在于,所述塑料的组为或包括热塑性硫化橡胶。
3.根据权利要求1或2所述的电线(10),其特征在于,所述护套(3)的护套材料是具有聚丙烯基体(PP基体)的热塑性聚合物。
4.根据权利要求1或2所述的电线(10),其特征在于,所述护套(3)的护套材料为具有聚丙烯基体(PP基体)的热塑性聚合物,其中在所述聚丙烯基体中嵌有EPDM颗粒。
5.根据前述权利要求中任一项所述的电线(10),其特征在于,所述硬质覆盖层(4)的材料由热塑性PUR组成。
6.根据前述权利要求中任一项所述的电线(10),其特征在于,所述绝缘体(2)由泡沫塑料组成。
7.根据前述权利要求中任一项所述的电线(10),其特征在于,在所述硬质覆盖层层(4)和所述护套(3)之间没有布置中间层,特别是也没有具有相对于所述护套(3)促进粘附或产生机械连接的功能的中间层。
8.根据前述权利要求中任一项所述的电线(10),其特征在于,所述护套(3)围绕所述导体(1)同轴地安装,并且优选地具有圆形横截面轮廓。
9.根据权利要求8所述的电线(10),其特征在于,所述护套(3)围绕所述护套(3)同轴地安装,并且优选地具有圆形横截面轮廓。
10.一种用于生产根据权利要求1至9中任一项所述的电线的方法,所述方法具有以下步骤:
a)提供线束中的多个导体(1),每个导体(1)具有发泡的或非发泡的绝缘体(2);
b)在所述导体(2)的绝缘体(2)上和所述导体的绝缘体周围在没有中间层的情况下施加护套(3),所述护套由来自塑料的组的塑料材料组成,所述塑料为热塑性且弹性的塑料,并且优选地具有聚丙烯基体或聚乙烯基体,以及
c)在所述护套(3)周围在没有中间层的情况下施加薄的硬质覆盖层(4),所述覆盖层由非发泡的塑料材料组成,特别是由热塑性聚氨酯组成。
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DE3005615A1 (de) | 1980-02-15 | 1981-08-20 | U.I. Lapp Kg, 7000 Stuttgart | Elektrisches, flexibles kabel mit besonderer schwimmfaehigkeit |
JPH0452888Y2 (zh) | 1985-08-23 | 1992-12-11 | ||
DE19503672A1 (de) * | 1995-01-25 | 1996-08-01 | Siemens Ag | Mehradriges, kunststoffisoliertes Niederspannungs-Starkstromkabel |
SE506975C2 (sv) | 1996-07-12 | 1998-03-09 | Electrolux Ab | Elektrisk kabel med inre och yttre isolerande mantelskikt kring ledare |
DE20215523U1 (de) | 2002-10-09 | 2004-03-11 | Coroplast Fritz Müller Gmbh & Co. Kg | Ummantelte elektrische Leitung, insbesondere für Antiblockiersysteme und Fühler von Drehzahlmeßsystemen von Kraftfahrzeugen |
EP1467381B1 (de) * | 2003-04-10 | 2006-03-08 | Nexans | Temperaturbeständige elektrische Leitung zur Ubertragung von Daten |
US11636958B2 (en) | 2019-09-04 | 2023-04-25 | Yazaki Corporation | Communication cable and wire harness |
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