CN116567180A - Binocular stereoscopic vision-based power plant safety operation monitoring system and method - Google Patents
Binocular stereoscopic vision-based power plant safety operation monitoring system and method Download PDFInfo
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- CN116567180A CN116567180A CN202310379786.1A CN202310379786A CN116567180A CN 116567180 A CN116567180 A CN 116567180A CN 202310379786 A CN202310379786 A CN 202310379786A CN 116567180 A CN116567180 A CN 116567180A
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Abstract
The invention discloses a binocular stereoscopic vision-based power plant safety operation monitoring system and method, and relates to the technical field of power plant management; the system comprises a safety monitoring system, wherein the safety monitoring system comprises a factory monitoring system, a data management system and a background monitoring system; in the invention, the plant monitoring system monitors equipment, personnel and the like in the plant of the power plant in multiple categories, the data management system transmits the monitored information, converts the monitored information into digital information and stores the digital information, the background monitoring system receives the digital information and displays the digital information through the screen of the information display module, the threshold setting module is used for controlling personnel to set the upper limit and the lower limit parameter value of an alarm, and when the numerical value displayed by the information display module is abnormal, the system alarm module sends out alarm information, thereby conveniently realizing the multiple-category monitoring of the operation area in the plant of the power plant and further effectively improving the safety of the operation area of the plant of the power plant.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of power plant management, in particular to a power plant safety operation monitoring system and method based on binocular stereoscopic vision.
Background
Power plant: a power plant refers to a power plant that converts some form of primary energy into electrical energy for stationary or transportation electricity, such as a thermal, hydraulic, steam, diesel or nuclear power plant, etc. The prior art has the following problems when managing a power plant area:
in the prior art, when a power plant area is managed, most of operation areas in the power plant area are monitored through a single-point monitoring probe, and because the monitoring mode is single and the monitored information is inconvenient to process in time, the management effect of the operation areas in the power plant area is poor, safety accidents are easy to cause, and aiming at the problems, the inventor proposes a power plant safety operation monitoring system and a power plant safety operation monitoring method based on binocular stereoscopic vision, which are used for solving the problems.
Disclosure of Invention
The method aims to solve the problem of poor management effect caused by single monitoring mode of the plant area operation area of the power plant; the invention aims to provide a binocular stereoscopic vision-based power plant safety operation monitoring system and a binocular stereoscopic vision-based power plant safety operation monitoring method.
In order to solve the technical problems, the invention adopts the following technical scheme: the utility model provides a power plant safety operation monitoring system based on binocular stereoscopic vision, includes safety monitoring system, safety monitoring system is including factory monitoring system, data management system and backstage monitored control system, the terminal of factory monitoring system is connected with video monitoring module, thermal imaging monitoring module, infrared monitoring module, temperature monitoring module and binocular stereoscopic vision monitoring module respectively, the terminal of factory monitoring system still is connected with positioning module, data management system's terminal is connected with data receiving module, data conversion module and data storage module respectively, backstage monitored control system's terminal is connected with information display module, threshold value setting module and system alarm module respectively, information display module's terminal is connected with interface control module and encryption management module respectively.
Preferably, the terminal of binocular stereoscopic vision monitoring module includes organic frame board and binocular stereoscopic vision appearance, the equal fixedly connected with of both sides of frame board is two fixed lugs, the mounting hole has been seted up to the upper surface of fixed lug, the upper surface of frame board is equipped with the removal seat, the equal fixed mounting in both sides of removal seat has the dead lever, two the one end fixed mounting who removes the seat is kept away from to the dead lever has the solid fixed ring, the surface of solid fixed ring is equipped with rotary mechanism, the surface of frame board is equipped with moving mechanism.
Preferably, the rotating mechanism comprises a circular guide rail, a circular groove is formed in the outer wall of the fixed ring, the circular guide rail is fixedly connected with the inner wall of the circular groove, an arc block is slidably mounted on the outer wall of the circular guide rail, a connecting rod is fixedly mounted on one side of the arc block, one end of the connecting rod, far away from the arc block, is fixedly connected with one side of the binocular stereoscopic vision instrument, a circular toothed ring is fixedly mounted on the other side of the arc block, the circular toothed ring is coaxial with the circular guide rail, a first motor is fixedly arranged on the inner wall of the fixed ring, a first fixed block is fixedly mounted on the outer wall of the first motor, a rotating rod is fixedly mounted on the upper surface of the first fixed block and fixedly connected with the inner wall of the fixed ring, a gear is fixedly mounted on one end of the rotating rod, far away from the first motor, and the gear is meshed with the circular toothed ring.
Preferably, the moving mechanism comprises a lead screw, a supporting plate is fixedly arranged on the upper surface of the frame plate, one end of the lead screw is rotationally connected with one side of the supporting plate, two guide grooves are formed in the upper surface of the frame plate, two guide blocks are slidably connected to the inner walls of the guide grooves, the upper surfaces of the guide blocks are fixedly connected with the lower surface of the moving seat, a driving plate is fixedly arranged on the inner wall of the moving seat, the lead screw penetrates through the driving plate and is rotationally connected with the driving plate through threads, a second motor is fixedly arranged on one side of the frame plate, one end of the lead screw, far away from the supporting plate, is fixedly connected with the driving output end of the second motor, and a second fixing block is fixedly arranged on the outer wall of the second motor and fixedly connected with one side of the second fixing block and one side of the frame plate.
The power plant safety operation monitoring method based on binocular stereoscopic vision comprises the following steps of:
s1, monitoring of plant areas of power plants
The plant area monitoring system monitors equipment, personnel and the like in a plant area of the power plant through the video monitoring module, the thermal imaging monitoring module, the infrared monitoring module, the temperature monitoring module and the binocular stereoscopic vision monitoring module, and meanwhile, the positioning module positions the monitored points;
s2, processing monitoring information
The data management system transmits the monitored information, converts the monitored information into digital information and stores the digital information;
s3, background management of monitoring information
The background monitoring system receives the digital information and displays the digital information through the screen of the information display module, the threshold setting module is used for a management and control personnel to set the upper limit and the lower limit parameter value of the alarm, and when the numerical value displayed by the information display module is abnormal, the system alarm module sends out alarm information.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the beneficial effects that:
1. in the invention, the plant monitoring system monitors equipment, personnel and the like in the plant of the power plant in multiple categories, the data management system transmits the monitored information, converts the monitored information into digital information and stores the digital information, the background monitoring system receives the digital information and displays the digital information through the screen of the information display module, the threshold setting module is used for controlling personnel to set the upper limit and the lower limit parameter value of an alarm, and when the numerical value displayed by the information display module is abnormal, the system alarm module sends out alarm information, thereby conveniently realizing the multiple-category monitoring of the operation area in the plant of the power plant and further effectively improving the safety of the operation area of the plant of the power plant;
2. according to the invention, the arc-shaped block is driven to slide along the surface of the circular guide rail, the arc-shaped block enables the binocular stereoscopic vision instrument to rotate by taking the axis of the circular guide rail as the center of a circle through the connecting rod, meanwhile, the movable seat is driven to horizontally move, the movable seat enables the binocular stereoscopic vision instrument to horizontally move synchronously through the fixing rod and the fixing ring, and the binocular stereoscopic vision instrument rotates and horizontally moves to monitor the operation area of the power plant area in multiple directions, so that the operation area of the power plant area in multiple directions is conveniently monitored, and the monitoring effect of the operation area of the power plant area in the power plant is effectively improved.
Drawings
In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the drawings that are required in the embodiments or the description of the prior art will be briefly described, it being obvious that the drawings in the following description are only some embodiments of the invention, and that other drawings may be obtained according to these drawings without inventive effort for a person skilled in the art.
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of the system of the present invention.
Fig. 2 is a schematic diagram of the connection of the binocular stereo vision apparatus of the present invention and the frame plate.
Fig. 3 is an enlarged schematic view of the portion a in fig. 2 according to the present invention.
Fig. 4 is an enlarged schematic view of the portion B in fig. 2 according to the present invention.
FIG. 5 is a schematic view showing the structure of the stationary ring and the movable base in cross section.
Fig. 6 is an enlarged schematic view of the portion C in fig. 5 according to the present invention.
In the figure: 100. a safety monitoring system; 200. a factory monitoring system; 210. a video monitoring module; 220. a thermal imaging monitoring module; 230. an infrared monitoring module; 240. a temperature monitoring module; 250. binocular stereoscopic vision monitoring module; 260. a positioning module; 300. a data management system; 310. a data receiving module; 320. a data conversion module; 330. a data storage module; 400. a background monitoring system; 410. an information display module; 4110. an interface control module; 4120. an encryption management module; 420. a threshold setting module; 430. a system alarm module; 1. a frame plate; 11. a fixed ear; 12. a mounting hole; 13. a movable seat; 14. a fixed rod; 15. a fixing ring; 16. binocular stereo vision instrument; 2. a rotating mechanism; 21. a circular guide rail; 22. a circular groove; 23. an arc-shaped block; 24. a connecting rod; 25. a circular toothed ring; 26. a first motor; 27. a first fixed block; 28. a rotating lever; 29. a gear; 3. a moving mechanism; 31. a screw rod; 32. a support plate; 33. a guide groove; 34. a guide block; 35. a driving plate; 36. a second motor; 37. and a second fixed block.
Detailed Description
The following description of the embodiments of the present invention will be made clearly and completely with reference to the accompanying drawings, in which it is apparent that the embodiments described are only some embodiments of the present invention, but not all embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be made by those skilled in the art based on the embodiments of the invention without making any inventive effort, are intended to be within the scope of the invention.
Examples: as shown in fig. 1 to 6, the present invention provides a binocular stereoscopic vision-based power plant safety operation monitoring system, which comprises a safety monitoring system 100, wherein the safety monitoring system 100 comprises a factory monitoring system 200, a data management system 300 and a background monitoring system 400, wherein terminals of the factory monitoring system 200 are respectively connected with a video monitoring module 210, a thermal imaging monitoring module 220, an infrared monitoring module 230, a temperature monitoring module 240 and a binocular stereoscopic vision monitoring module 250, terminals of the data management system 300 are respectively connected with a data receiving module 310, a data conversion module 320 and a data storage module 330, and terminals of the background monitoring system 400 are respectively connected with an information display module 410, a threshold setting module 420 and a system alarm module 430.
The terminal of the factory floor monitoring system 200 is also coupled to a positioning module 260.
The interface control module 4110 and the encryption management module 4120 are connected to the terminals of the information display module 410, respectively.
By adopting the above technical scheme, through the safety monitoring system 100 constructed by the factory monitoring system 200, the data management system 300 and the background monitoring system 400, the factory monitoring system 200 monitors equipment, personnel and the like in the factory of the power plant through the video monitoring module 210, the thermal imaging monitoring module 220, the infrared monitoring module 230, the temperature monitoring module 240 and the binocular stereoscopic vision monitoring module 250, meanwhile, the positioning module 260 positions the monitored points, so that when alarm information is sent out later, the management personnel arrive at the site timely, the data management system 300 transmits the monitored information, converts the monitored information into digital information and stores the digital information, the background monitoring system 400 receives the digital information, and the digital information is displayed through the screen of the information display module 410, the threshold setting module 420 sets the upper limit and the lower limit parameter values of alarm for the management personnel, and when the numerical value displayed by the information display module 410 is abnormal, the system alarm module 430 sends alarm information.
The terminal of binocular stereoscopic vision monitoring module 250 includes organic frame board 1 and binocular stereoscopic vision appearance 16, and the upper surface of frame board 1 is equipped with and removes seat 13, and the both sides of removing seat 13 are all fixed mounting has dead lever 14, and the one end fixed mounting that removes seat 13 was kept away from to two dead levers 14 has solid fixed ring 15, and gu fixed ring 15's surface is equipped with rotary mechanism 2, and the surface of frame board 1 is equipped with moving mechanism 3.
Through adopting above-mentioned technical scheme, through setting up slewing mechanism 2, slewing mechanism 2 makes binocular stereoscopic vision appearance 16 use the axle center of solid fixed ring 15 to rotate as the centre of a circle, through setting up moving mechanism 3, moving mechanism 3 makes binocular stereoscopic vision appearance 16 horizontal direction remove through moving seat 13, dead lever 14 and solid fixed ring 15 to realize binocular stereoscopic vision appearance 16's rotation and removal, and then make binocular stereoscopic vision appearance 16 carry out diversified monitoring in the plant area of power plant.
Two sides of the frame plate 1 are fixedly connected with two fixing lugs 11, and mounting holes 12 are formed in the upper surfaces of the fixing lugs 11.
Through adopting above-mentioned technical scheme, through setting up fixed ear 11 and mounting hole 12, the outside bolt of cooperation, the staff of being convenient for fixes frame plate 1 in the factory workshop of power plant.
The rotating mechanism 2 comprises a circular guide rail 21, a circular groove 22 is formed in the outer wall of the fixed ring 15, the circular guide rail 21 is fixedly connected with the inner wall of the circular groove 22, an arc-shaped block 23 is slidably arranged on the outer wall of the circular guide rail 21, a connecting rod 24 is fixedly arranged on one side of the arc-shaped block 23, and one end of the connecting rod 24 away from the arc-shaped block 23 is fixedly connected with one side of the binocular stereoscopic vision instrument 16.
By adopting the technical scheme, the arc-shaped block 23 is driven to slide along the surface of the circular guide rail 21, and the arc-shaped block 23 enables the binocular stereoscopic vision instrument 16 to rotate by taking the axle center of the circular guide rail 21 as the circle center through the connecting rod 24.
The other side fixed mounting of arc piece 23 has circular ring gear 25, circular ring gear 25 and circular guide rail 21 are coaxial, the inner wall fixed first motor 26 that is equipped with of solid fixed ring 15, the outer wall fixed mounting of first motor 26 has first fixed block 27, the upper surface of first fixed block 27 and the inner wall fixed connection of solid fixed ring 15, the drive output fixed mounting of first motor 26 has dwang 28, the one end fixed mounting that dwang 28 kept away from first motor 26 has gear 29, gear 29 and circular ring gear 25 meshing are connected.
Through adopting above-mentioned technical scheme, through setting up first fixed block 27, first fixed block 27 supports fixed to first motor 26, through opening first motor 26, and the actuating shaft of first motor 26 makes dwang 28 rotate, and dwang 28 makes gear 29 rotate, and gear 29 drives circular ring gear 25 rotation, and circular ring gear 25 makes arc piece 23 slide along the surface of circular guide rail 21.
The moving mechanism 3 comprises a lead screw 31, a supporting plate 32 is fixedly arranged on the upper surface of the frame plate 1, one end of the lead screw 31 is rotationally connected with one side of the supporting plate 32, two guide grooves 33 are formed in the upper surface of the frame plate 1, guide blocks 34 are slidably connected to the inner walls of the two guide grooves 33, and the upper surfaces of the two guide blocks 34 are fixedly connected with the lower surface of the moving seat 13.
Through adopting above-mentioned technical scheme, through setting up backup pad 32, backup pad 32 supports lead screw 31, improves the stability of lead screw 31, through setting up guide way 33 and guide block 34, guide way 33 and guide block 34 are to removing seat 13, make and remove seat 13 and keep the horizontal direction removal.
The inner wall of the movable seat 13 is fixedly provided with a driving plate 35, the screw rod 31 penetrates through the driving plate 35 and is in threaded rotation connection with the driving plate 35, one side of the frame plate 1 is fixedly provided with a second motor 36, one end of the screw rod 31, which is far away from the supporting plate 32, is fixedly connected with the driving output end of the second motor 36, the outer wall of the second motor 36 is fixedly provided with a second fixing block 37, and one side of the second fixing block 37 is fixedly connected with one side of the frame plate 1.
Through adopting above-mentioned technical scheme, through setting up second fixed block 37, second fixed block 37 supports fixedly second motor 36, improves the stability of second motor 36, through opening second motor 36, and second motor 36's drive shaft makes lead screw 31 rotate, and lead screw 31 makes through drive plate 35 and removes seat 13 horizontal direction and remove.
The power plant safety operation monitoring method based on binocular stereoscopic vision comprises the following steps of:
s1, monitoring of plant areas of power plants
The plant area monitoring system 200 monitors equipment, personnel and the like in a plant area of a power plant through a video monitoring module 210, a thermal imaging monitoring module 220, an infrared monitoring module 230, a temperature monitoring module 240 and a binocular stereoscopic vision monitoring module 250, and meanwhile, a positioning module 260 positions the monitored points;
s2, processing monitoring information
The data management system 300 transmits the monitored information, and converts the monitored information into digital information and stores the digital information;
s3, background management of monitoring information
The background monitoring system 400 receives the digital information and displays the digital information on a screen through the information display module 410, the threshold setting module 420 is used for a manager to set the upper limit and the lower limit parameter values of the alarm, and when the numerical value displayed by the information display module 410 is abnormal, the system alarm module 430 sends out alarm information.
Working principle: through the safety monitoring system 100 constructed by the factory monitoring system 200, the data management system 300 and the background monitoring system 400, the factory monitoring system 200 monitors equipment, personnel and the like in a factory of a power plant through the video monitoring module 210, the thermal imaging monitoring module 220, the infrared monitoring module 230, the temperature monitoring module 240 and the binocular stereoscopic vision monitoring module 250, meanwhile, the positioning module 260 positions the monitored points so as to facilitate the timely arrival of the monitoring personnel at the scene when the monitoring personnel subsequently send alarm information, the data management system 300 transmits the monitored information and converts the monitored information into digital information for storage, the background monitoring system 400 receives the digital information and displays the digital information through the screen of the information display module 410, the threshold setting module 420 sets the upper limit and the lower limit parameter value of the alarm, and when the numerical value displayed by the information display module 410 is abnormal, the system alarm module 430 sends the alarm information, thereby conveniently realizing multi-category monitoring of the operation area in the factory of the power plant, and further effectively improving the safety of the operation area of the factory of the power plant;
when the operation area of the power plant is required to be monitored through the binocular stereo vision instrument 16, a management and control person turns on the first motor 26 and the second motor 36, the driving shaft of the first motor 26 enables the rotating rod 28 to rotate, the rotating rod 28 enables the gear 29 to rotate, the gear 29 drives the circular gear ring 25 to rotate, the circular gear ring 25 enables the arc-shaped block 23 to slide along the surface of the circular guide rail 21, and the arc-shaped block 23 enables the binocular stereo vision instrument 16 to rotate by taking the axle center of the circular guide rail 21 as the circle center through the connecting rod 24;
simultaneously, the driving shaft of the second motor 36 makes the lead screw 31 rotate, the lead screw 31 makes through the driving plate 35 remove the seat 13 horizontal direction, remove seat 13 and make the synchronous horizontal direction of binocular stereoscopic vision appearance 16 remove through two dead levers 14 and solid fixed ring 15, binocular stereoscopic vision appearance 16 is rotatory and horizontal migration carries out diversified monitoring to the operation area of power plant factory to the convenient diversified monitoring of power plant factory operation area that has realized, and then the effectual effect that improves the monitoring of power plant factory operation area.
It will be apparent to those skilled in the art that various modifications and variations can be made to the present invention without departing from the spirit or scope of the invention. Thus, it is intended that the present invention also include such modifications and alterations insofar as they come within the scope of the appended claims or the equivalents thereof.
Claims (10)
1. Power plant safety operation monitoring system based on binocular stereoscopic vision, including safety monitoring system (100), its characterized in that: the safety monitoring system (100) comprises a factory monitoring system (200), a data management system (300) and a background monitoring system (400), wherein terminals of the factory monitoring system (200) are respectively connected with a video monitoring module (210), a thermal imaging monitoring module (220), an infrared monitoring module (230), a temperature monitoring module (240) and a binocular stereoscopic vision monitoring module (250), terminals of the data management system (300) are respectively connected with a data receiving module (310), a data conversion module (320) and a data storage module (330), and terminals of the background monitoring system (400) are respectively connected with an information display module (410), a threshold setting module (420) and a system alarm module (430).
2. The binocular stereoscopic based power plant safety operation monitoring system of claim 1, wherein the terminal of the plant area monitoring system (200) is further connected with a positioning module (260).
3. The binocular stereoscopic vision-based power plant safety operation monitoring system according to claim 1, wherein the terminals of the information display module (410) are respectively connected with an interface control module (4110) and an encryption management module (4120).
4. The binocular stereoscopic vision-based power plant safety operation monitoring system according to claim 1, wherein the terminal of the binocular stereoscopic vision monitoring module (250) comprises a frame plate (1) and a binocular stereoscopic vision instrument (16), a movable seat (13) is arranged on the upper surface of the frame plate (1), fixing rods (14) are fixedly installed on two sides of the movable seat (13), a fixing ring (15) is fixedly installed at one end, far away from the movable seat (13), of each fixing rod (14), a rotating mechanism (2) is arranged on the surface of each fixing ring (15), and a moving mechanism (3) is arranged on the surface of the frame plate (1).
5. The binocular stereoscopic vision-based power plant safety operation monitoring system according to claim 4, wherein two fixing lugs (11) are fixedly connected to two sides of the frame plate (1), and mounting holes (12) are formed in the upper surfaces of the fixing lugs (11).
6. The binocular stereoscopic vision-based power plant safety operation monitoring system according to claim 4, wherein the rotating mechanism (2) comprises a circular guide rail (21), a circular groove (22) is formed in the outer wall of the fixing ring (15), the circular guide rail (21) is fixedly connected with the inner wall of the circular groove (22), an arc block (23) is slidably mounted on the outer wall of the circular guide rail (21), a connecting rod (24) is fixedly mounted on one side of the arc block (23), and one end, far away from the arc block (23), of the connecting rod (24) is fixedly connected with one side of the binocular stereoscopic vision instrument (16).
7. The binocular stereoscopic vision-based power plant safety operation monitoring system according to claim 6, wherein a circular toothed ring (25) is fixedly arranged on the other side of the arc-shaped block (23), the circular toothed ring (25) is coaxial with the circular guide rail (21), a first motor (26) is fixedly arranged on the inner wall of the fixed ring (15), a first fixed block (27) is fixedly arranged on the outer wall of the first motor (26), the upper surface of the first fixed block (27) is fixedly connected with the inner wall of the fixed ring (15), a rotating rod (28) is fixedly arranged at the driving output end of the first motor (26), a gear (29) is fixedly arranged at one end, far away from the first motor (26), of the rotating rod (28), and the gear (29) is in meshed connection with the circular toothed ring (25).
8. The binocular stereoscopic vision-based power plant safety operation monitoring system according to claim 4, wherein the moving mechanism (3) comprises a screw rod (31), a supporting plate (32) is fixedly installed on the upper surface of the frame plate (1), one end of the screw rod (31) is rotationally connected with one side of the supporting plate (32), two guide grooves (33) are formed in the upper surface of the frame plate (1), guide blocks (34) are slidably connected to the inner walls of the two guide grooves (33), and the upper surfaces of the two guide blocks (34) are fixedly connected with the lower surface of the moving seat (13).
9. The binocular stereoscopic vision-based power plant safety operation monitoring system according to claim 8, wherein a driving plate (35) is fixedly installed on the inner wall of the movable seat (13), the lead screw (31) penetrates through the driving plate (35) and is in threaded rotation connection with the driving plate (35), a second motor (36) is fixedly arranged on one side of the frame plate (1), one end, far away from the supporting plate (32), of the lead screw (31) is fixedly connected with the driving output end of the second motor (36), a second fixed block (37) is fixedly installed on the outer wall of the second motor (36), and one side of the second fixed block (37) is fixedly connected with one side of the frame plate (1).
10. The power plant safety operation monitoring method based on binocular stereoscopic vision is characterized by comprising the following steps of:
s1, monitoring of plant areas of power plants
The plant area monitoring system (200) monitors equipment, personnel and the like in a plant area of a power plant through a video monitoring module (210), a thermal imaging monitoring module (220), an infrared monitoring module (230), a temperature monitoring module (240) and a binocular stereoscopic vision monitoring module (250), and meanwhile, a positioning module (260) positions the monitored points;
s2, processing monitoring information
The data management system (300) transmits the monitored information, and converts the monitored information into digital information and stores the digital information;
s3, background management of monitoring information
The background monitoring system (400) receives the digital information and displays the digital information through the screen of the information display module (410), the threshold setting module (420) is used for a management and control person to set the upper limit and the lower limit parameter values of the alarm, and when the numerical value displayed by the information display module (410) is abnormal, the system alarm module (430) sends out alarm information.
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CN202310379786.1A CN116567180A (en) | 2023-04-11 | 2023-04-11 | Binocular stereoscopic vision-based power plant safety operation monitoring system and method |
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CN202310379786.1A CN116567180A (en) | 2023-04-11 | 2023-04-11 | Binocular stereoscopic vision-based power plant safety operation monitoring system and method |
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