CN116565957A - High-power wind turbine load control and cooperative method for producing hydrogen by water electrolysis - Google Patents

High-power wind turbine load control and cooperative method for producing hydrogen by water electrolysis Download PDF

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Publication number
CN116565957A
CN116565957A CN202310561921.4A CN202310561921A CN116565957A CN 116565957 A CN116565957 A CN 116565957A CN 202310561921 A CN202310561921 A CN 202310561921A CN 116565957 A CN116565957 A CN 116565957A
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China
Prior art keywords
wind turbine
power
turbine generator
converter
output
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CN202310561921.4A
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Inventor
陈家伟
王磊
夏焌虓
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Chongqing University
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Chongqing University
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Priority to CN202310561921.4A priority Critical patent/CN116565957A/en
Publication of CN116565957A publication Critical patent/CN116565957A/en
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    • HELECTRICITY
    • H02GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02JCIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J3/00Circuit arrangements for ac mains or ac distribution networks
    • H02J3/38Arrangements for parallely feeding a single network by two or more generators, converters or transformers
    • H02J3/381Dispersed generators
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F03MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS; WIND, SPRING, OR WEIGHT MOTORS; PRODUCING MECHANICAL POWER OR A REACTIVE PROPULSIVE THRUST, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F03DWIND MOTORS
    • F03D7/00Controlling wind motors 
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F03MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS; WIND, SPRING, OR WEIGHT MOTORS; PRODUCING MECHANICAL POWER OR A REACTIVE PROPULSIVE THRUST, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F03DWIND MOTORS
    • F03D9/00Adaptations of wind motors for special use; Combinations of wind motors with apparatus driven thereby; Wind motors specially adapted for installation in particular locations
    • F03D9/10Combinations of wind motors with apparatus storing energy
    • F03D9/19Combinations of wind motors with apparatus storing energy storing chemical energy, e.g. using electrolysis
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H02GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02JCIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J3/00Circuit arrangements for ac mains or ac distribution networks
    • H02J3/24Arrangements for preventing or reducing oscillations of power in networks
    • H02J3/241The oscillation concerning frequency
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H02GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02PCONTROL OR REGULATION OF ELECTRIC MOTORS, ELECTRIC GENERATORS OR DYNAMO-ELECTRIC CONVERTERS; CONTROLLING TRANSFORMERS, REACTORS OR CHOKE COILS
    • H02P21/00Arrangements or methods for the control of electric machines by vector control, e.g. by control of field orientation
    • H02P21/14Estimation or adaptation of machine parameters, e.g. flux, current or voltage
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F05INDEXING SCHEMES RELATING TO ENGINES OR PUMPS IN VARIOUS SUBCLASSES OF CLASSES F01-F04
    • F05BINDEXING SCHEME RELATING TO WIND, SPRING, WEIGHT, INERTIA OR LIKE MOTORS, TO MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS COVERED BY SUBCLASSES F03B, F03D AND F03G
    • F05B2270/00Control
    • F05B2270/10Purpose of the control system
    • F05B2270/103Purpose of the control system to affect the output of the engine
    • F05B2270/1033Power (if explicitly mentioned)
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H02GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02JCIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J2203/00Indexing scheme relating to details of circuit arrangements for AC mains or AC distribution networks
    • H02J2203/20Simulating, e g planning, reliability check, modelling or computer assisted design [CAD]
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H02GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02JCIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J2300/00Systems for supplying or distributing electric power characterised by decentralized, dispersed, or local generation
    • H02J2300/20The dispersed energy generation being of renewable origin
    • H02J2300/28The renewable source being wind energy
    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02EREDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E60/00Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
    • Y02E60/30Hydrogen technology
    • Y02E60/36Hydrogen production from non-carbon containing sources, e.g. by water electrolysis

Abstract

The invention discloses a high-power wind turbine load control and a cooperative method for producing hydrogen by water electrolysis, which comprises the following steps: establishing a fan electrolytic cell off-grid micro-grid system, and controlling a wind turbine generator set and a DC/DC converter in the system: a. sampling the error between the pneumatic power of the wind turbine and the current optimal power, and then superposing a feedforward coefficient on the output electric power of the wind turbine to accelerate the MPPT tracking speed; the PI controller takes the optimal rotating speed output by MPPT and the rotating speed measured value of the wind turbine generator set as input, and the PI controller outputs electromagnetic torque to the wind turbine generator set; b. a double closed loop PI control DC/DC converter is adopted. According to the invention, the dynamic power change requirement of the electrolytic tank and the change characteristic of the output electric power of the wind turbine generator are fully considered, a constant bandwidth MPPT control strategy of the wind turbine generator below the rated wind speed is designed, and the on-demand power output of the wind turbine generator is realized.

Description

High-power wind turbine load control and cooperative method for producing hydrogen by water electrolysis
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical fields of power grid technology, distributed power generation technology and water electrolysis hydrogen production, in particular to a wind turbine load control and a cooperative method for water electrolysis hydrogen production.
Background
In the new energy power generation technology which is developed more mature at present, wind power generation is widely focused due to the advantages of abundant reserve quantity, no pollutant emission and the like. However, wind power generation is greatly affected by the environment, so that the output electric energy quality is poor, the randomness is strong, the prediction accuracy is low, when the wind speed in the external environment changes randomly, the output power of the wind turbine also fluctuates, and the randomness and the fluctuation bring great challenges to the electric energy quality and stability.
The hydrogen energy storage has the characteristics of cleanness, environmental protection, high energy density, controllable safety, wide application and the like due to rich storage, and can meet the power requirements of various forms; and hydrogen energy can be stored in a large-scale or small-scale mode without generating a large amount of loss, so hydrogen production and energy storage become the alternative for solving the problems of poor electric energy quality, strong voltage fluctuation and the like in a wind power generation system. Along with the rapid development of the technology of electrolytic hydrogen production and fuel cells and the breakthrough of key technologies and key components, the technology of wind energy hydrogen production provides a new thought for the problem of wind energy utilization rate.
At present, key technical researches on wind power generation hydrogen production systems are actively carried out in countries around the world, and the change time scale of the high-frequency change power of a fan is in millisecond/second level; however, for basic cells, the dynamic response time scale is 10 minutes, and when the output and input power change rate is higher than the dynamic time, the electrode coating may be peeled off, which affects the service life. In addition, although the high-frequency power of the fan can be stabilized through an external energy storage link, because of the limitation of the charge and discharge period of the energy storage system, the service life of the energy storage system is influenced by adopting the energy storage to absorb the high-frequency power, the replacement frequency of the energy storage system is increased, and the system cost is greatly increased. Therefore, the fan control system needs to be optimally designed, so that the unit does not respond to the wind speed of high-frequency change, and the output power does not contain high-frequency power caused by tracking the fast-changing wind speed, thereby better meeting the energy consumption requirement of the electrolytic tank.
Disclosure of Invention
In view of the above, the invention aims to provide a high-power wind turbine load control and a cooperative method for producing hydrogen by water electrolysis, so as to solve the technical problems of busbar voltage fluctuation control, system energy flow control, coordination control of a basic electrolytic cell and a wind turbine generator set and the like of a fan electrolytic cell off-grid micro-grid system containing the water electrolysis hydrogen production load.
The invention relates to a high-power wind turbine load control and a cooperative method for producing hydrogen by water electrolysis, which comprises the following steps:
step 1: establishing a fan electrolytic cell off-grid micro-grid system, wherein the fan electrolytic cell off-grid micro-grid system comprises a direct current bus, a wind turbine generator, a water electrolysis hydrogen production electrolytic cell and a DC/DC converter; the direct current bus is connected with the electrolytic tank for producing hydrogen by electrolyzing water through the DC/DC converter, and the power output end of the wind turbine generator is connected with the direct current bus;
step 2: the wind turbine generator and the DC/DC converter in the off-grid micro-grid system of the fan electrolytic tank are controlled in the following mode:
a. sampling the error between the pneumatic power of the wind turbine and the current optimal power, and then superposing a feedforward coefficient on the output electric power of the wind turbine to accelerate the MPPT tracking speed; the PI controller takes the optimal rotating speed output by MPPT and the rotating speed measured value of the wind turbine generator set as input, and the PI controller outputs electromagnetic torque to the wind turbine generator set; the electromagnetic torque is calculated by the following control equation:
wherein T is e The electromagnetic torque of the wind turbine generator is the electromagnetic torque of the wind turbine generator; omega opt The optimal rotation speed is output by MPPT, and omega is a measured value of the rotation speed of the wind turbine generator; k (k) p And k i Is a PI parameter; the relation formula for realizing the power feedback MPPT strategy is as follows:
wherein omega is opt For the optimal rotation speed of MPPT output, omega is the rotation speed measurement value of the wind turbine generator, pe is the output electric power of the wind turbine generator, and P r For the pneumatic power, k of the wind turbine f As feed forward coefficient, k opt Is the optimal power coefficient;
b. the double closed loop PI control DC/DC converter is adopted, the outer ring is a voltage ring, and the inner ring is a current ring; the outer loop PI controller takes the nominal value of the DC bus voltage and the measured value of the DC bus voltage as inputs, and the inner loop PI controller outputs a driving signal to a switching tube of the DC/DC converter; limiting amplitude is carried out at the output end of the outer ring, so that the maximum rated current value of the current input standard of the electrolytic tank for producing hydrogen by electrolyzing water is ensured; the driving signal d output by the inner loop PI controller to the switching tube of the DC/DC converter is calculated by the following control equation:
wherein V is ref Is the nominal value of the DC bus voltage; v (V) bus Is a DC bus voltage measurement; i.e ref And i ael Hydrogen production current of the inner ring current reference and the electrolytic tank respectively, wherein I aelmin For the lowest hydrogen production current, when i ref When the value is selected, the basic electrolytic cell is indicated to work at the lowest hydrogen production power; the driving signal d is the duty ratio of a switching tube of the DC/DC converter; k (k) ip And k ii Respectively the inner ring PI parameters, k vp And k vi Respectively the outer loop PI parameters.
Further, the high-power wind turbine load control and the cooperative method for producing hydrogen by electrolyzing water also comprise the steps of adjusting a feedforward coefficient k f Ensuring constant bandwidth of a fan electrolytic cell off-grid micro-grid system and feedforward coefficient k f The adjusting method comprises the following steps:
wherein k is f For feedforward coefficient, J is rotational inertia, k of wind turbine generator opt For optimum power coefficient omega Q Is the rotating speed omega of the wind turbine generator set in steady state cn Is the required control system bandwidth.
Further, the electrolytic water hydrogen production electrolytic tank is a basic electrolytic tank.
The invention has the beneficial effects that:
the high-power wind turbine load control and the cooperative method for producing hydrogen by using the electrolyzed water can realize the control of the voltage fluctuation of the bus of the system by using the electrolyzed water hydrogen production unit; according to the invention, the dynamic power change requirement of the electrolytic tank and the change characteristic of the output electric power of the wind turbine generator are fully considered, a constant bandwidth MPPT control strategy of the wind turbine generator below the rated wind speed is designed, and the on-demand power output of the wind turbine generator is realized. Meanwhile, the output power of the wind turbine generator is smoothed, the power dynamic coordination of the wind turbine generator and the water electrolysis hydrogen production system is realized, and the running efficiency and the service life of the electrolytic tank can be improved.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a topological structure diagram of a fan electrolyzer off-grid microgrid system containing an electrolyzed water hydrogen production load. The distributed power supply as the system source side input comprises a wind turbine generator, which converts wind energy into electric energy and is integrated into an alternating current bus in a current source form; the electrolytic tank for producing hydrogen by electrolyzing water is a main load of the system and is connected with a bus through a front-stage DC/DC converter. The power required by the electrolytic cell ensures that the output power of the wind turbine generator does not contain high-frequency power caused by tracking rapid change of wind speed, meets the energy consumption requirement of the electrolytic cell, simultaneously ensures that the bus voltage and the frequency in the system are kept stable, and realizes the coordinated control of the system.
Fig. 2 is a schematic diagram of a constant bandwidth MPPT control and a coordinated control of a wind turbine.
Fig. 3 is a topological structure diagram of the electrolytic cell side DC/DC converter and the controller.
FIG. 4 is a graph of simulation results of the system at sinusoidal wind speeds.
Detailed Description
The invention will be further described with reference to the drawings and examples, but the invention is not limited to the examples.
The high-power wind turbine load control and hydrogen production cooperative method for water electrolysis in the embodiment comprises the following steps:
step 1: establishing a fan electrolytic cell off-grid micro-grid system, wherein the fan electrolytic cell off-grid micro-grid system comprises a direct current bus, a wind turbine generator, a water electrolysis hydrogen production electrolytic cell and a DC/DC converter; the direct current bus is connected with the electrolytic tank for producing hydrogen by electrolyzing water through the DC/DC converter, and the power output end of the wind turbine generator is connected with the direct current bus. In the embodiment, the electrolytic water hydrogen production electrolytic tank is a basic electrolytic tank; of course, other types of electrolytic tanks can be used for producing hydrogen by electrolyzing water.
Step 2: the wind turbine generator and the DC/DC converter in the off-grid micro-grid system of the fan electrolytic tank are controlled in the following mode:
a. sampling the error between the pneumatic power of the wind turbine and the current optimal power, and then superposing a feedforward coefficient on the output electric power of the wind turbine to accelerate the MPPT tracking speed; the PI controller takes the optimal rotating speed output by MPPT and the rotating speed measured value of the wind turbine generator set as input, and the PI controller outputs electromagnetic torque to the wind turbine generator set; the electromagnetic torque is calculated by the following control equation:
wherein T is e The electromagnetic torque of the wind turbine generator is the electromagnetic torque of the wind turbine generator; omega opt The optimal rotation speed is output by MPPT, and omega is a measured value of the rotation speed of the wind turbine generator; k (k) p And k i The PI parameter is obtained by trial and error in this embodiment. The relation formula for realizing the power feedback MPPT strategy is as follows:
wherein omega is opt For the optimal rotation speed of MPPT output, omega is the rotation speed measurement value of the wind turbine generator, pe is the output electric power of the wind turbine generator, and P r For the pneumatic power, k of the wind turbine f As feed forward coefficient, k opt Is the optimal power coefficient.
b. The double closed loop PI control DC/DC converter is adopted, the outer ring is a voltage ring, and the inner ring is a current ring; the outer loop PI controller takes the nominal value of the DC bus voltage and the measured value of the DC bus voltage as inputs, and the inner loop PI controller outputs a driving signal to a switching tube of the DC/DC converter; limiting amplitude is carried out at the output end of the outer ring, so that the maximum rated current value of the current input standard of the electrolytic tank for producing hydrogen by electrolyzing water is ensured; the driving signal d output by the inner loop PI controller to the switching tube of the DC/DC converter is calculated by the following control equation:
wherein V is ref Is the nominal value of the DC bus voltage; v (V) bus Is a DC bus voltage measurement; i.e ref And i ael Hydrogen production current of the inner ring current reference and the electrolytic tank respectively, wherein I aelmin For the lowest hydrogen production current, when i ref When the value is selected, the basic electrolytic cell is indicated to work at the lowest hydrogen production power; the driving signal d is the duty ratio of a switching tube of the DC/DC converter; k (k) ip And k ii Respectively the inner ring PI parameters, k vp And k vi The PI parameters of the outer ring are respectively obtained by a trial and error method in this embodiment.
The high-power wind turbine load control and the cooperative method for producing hydrogen by electrolyzing water as the improvement of the embodiment further comprise the steps of adjusting the feedforward coefficient k f The bandwidth of the off-grid micro-grid system of the fan electrolytic cell is guaranteed to be constant, and then the response speed of the wind turbine generator to the wind speed is designed according to the condition of the wind turbine generator and the dynamic response requirement of the electrolytic cell as required, and the feedforward coefficient k is guaranteed f The adjusting method comprises the following steps:
wherein k is f For feedforward coefficient, J is rotational inertia, k of wind turbine generator opt For optimum power coefficient omega Q Is the rotating speed omega of the wind turbine generator set in steady state cn Is the required control system bandwidth.
The effectiveness of the high-power wind turbine load control and the cooperative method for producing hydrogen by water electrolysis in the embodiment is verified in a simulation manner.
FIG. 4 is a simulation result of the system at sinusoidal wind speed. In the embodiment, the rated power of the wind motor group is 10kW, the rated power of the basic electrolytic tank is set to be less than 10kW, the modeling is carried out by adopting a state average equation, the simulation time is set to be 100s, the bandwidth of a control system is set to be 1.2rad/s under the input of sinusoidal wind with the average wind speed of 8m/s and the frequency of 0.5Hz, and the system is subjected to coordinated control and constant bandwidth MPPT control for simulation analysis. Neglecting the starting process, it can be seen that the pneumatic power varies sinusoidally with sinusoidal wind from 1340W to 9000W, and cannot meet the energy consumption requirement of the electrolytic tank; after coordinated control, the output electric power of the wind turbine generator is changed sinusoidally from 3650W to 6230W, the output power does not contain high-frequency power caused by tracking rapid change of wind speed, the running power of the electrolytic cell is also changed approximately from 3650W to 6230W, the system input meets the power requirement of the electrolytic cell, the system runs stably, the bus voltage and the frequency are kept stable, and coordinated control of the system is realized.
Finally, it is noted that the above embodiments are only for illustrating the technical solution of the present invention and not for limiting the same, and although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the preferred embodiments, it should be understood by those skilled in the art that modifications and equivalents may be made thereto without departing from the spirit and scope of the technical solution of the present invention, and it is intended to be covered by the scope of the claims of the present invention.

Claims (3)

1. The high-power wind turbine load control and the cooperative method for producing hydrogen by water electrolysis are characterized by comprising the following steps:
step 1: establishing a fan electrolytic cell off-grid micro-grid system, wherein the fan electrolytic cell off-grid micro-grid system comprises a direct current bus, a wind turbine generator, a water electrolysis hydrogen production electrolytic cell and a DC/DC converter; the direct current bus is connected with the electrolytic tank for producing hydrogen by electrolyzing water through the DC/DC converter, and the power output end of the wind turbine generator is connected with the direct current bus;
step 2: the wind turbine generator and the DC/DC converter in the off-grid micro-grid system of the fan electrolytic tank are controlled in the following mode:
a. sampling the error between the pneumatic power of the wind turbine and the current optimal power, and then superposing a feedforward coefficient on the output electric power of the wind turbine to accelerate the MPPT tracking speed; the PI controller takes the optimal rotating speed output by MPPT and the rotating speed measured value of the wind turbine generator set as input, and the PI controller outputs electromagnetic torque to the wind turbine generator set; the electromagnetic torque is calculated by the following control equation:
wherein T is e The electromagnetic torque of the wind turbine generator is the electromagnetic torque of the wind turbine generator; omega opt The optimal rotation speed is output by MPPT, and omega is a measured value of the rotation speed of the wind turbine generator; k (k) p And k i Is a PI parameter; the relation formula for realizing the power feedback MPPT strategy is as follows:
wherein omega is opt For the optimal rotation speed of MPPT output, omega is the rotation speed measurement value of the wind turbine generator, pe is the output electric power of the wind turbine generator, and P r For the pneumatic power, k of the wind turbine f As feed forward coefficient, k opt Is the optimal power coefficient;
b. the double closed loop PI control DC/DC converter is adopted, the outer ring is a voltage ring, and the inner ring is a current ring; the outer loop PI controller takes the nominal value of the DC bus voltage and the measured value of the DC bus voltage as inputs, and the inner loop PI controller outputs a driving signal to a switching tube of the DC/DC converter; limiting amplitude is carried out at the output end of the outer ring, so that the maximum rated current value of the current input standard of the electrolytic tank for producing hydrogen by electrolyzing water is ensured; the driving signal d output by the inner loop PI controller to the switching tube of the DC/DC converter is calculated by the following control equation:
according to the situation select
Wherein V is ref Is a direct current busNominal value of the pressure; v (V) bus Is a DC bus voltage measurement; i.e ref And i ael Hydrogen production current of the inner ring current reference and the electrolytic tank respectively, wherein I aelmin For the lowest hydrogen production current, when i ref When the value is selected, the basic electrolytic cell is indicated to work at the lowest hydrogen production power; the driving signal d is the duty ratio of a switching tube of the DC/DC converter; k (k) ip And k ii Respectively the inner ring PI parameters, k vp And k vi Respectively the outer loop PI parameters.
2. The high power wind turbine load control and co-operation method for producing hydrogen by electrolyzing water according to claim 1, wherein: also comprises the step of adjusting the feedforward coefficient k f Ensuring constant bandwidth of a fan electrolytic cell off-grid micro-grid system and feedforward coefficient k f The adjusting method comprises the following steps:
wherein k is f For feedforward coefficient, J is rotational inertia, k of wind turbine generator opt For optimum power coefficient omega Q Is the rotating speed omega of the wind turbine generator set in steady state cn Is the required control system bandwidth.
3. The high power wind turbine load control and co-operation method for producing hydrogen by electrolyzing water according to claim 1 or 2, wherein: the electrolytic water hydrogen production electrolytic tank is a basic electrolytic tank.
CN202310561921.4A 2023-05-18 2023-05-18 High-power wind turbine load control and cooperative method for producing hydrogen by water electrolysis Pending CN116565957A (en)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
CN202310561921.4A CN116565957A (en) 2023-05-18 2023-05-18 High-power wind turbine load control and cooperative method for producing hydrogen by water electrolysis

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
CN202310561921.4A CN116565957A (en) 2023-05-18 2023-05-18 High-power wind turbine load control and cooperative method for producing hydrogen by water electrolysis

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CN116565957A true CN116565957A (en) 2023-08-08

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