CN112491032A - Direct-current coupling off-grid hydrogen production system and control method thereof - Google Patents
Direct-current coupling off-grid hydrogen production system and control method thereof Download PDFInfo
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- UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrogen Chemical compound [H][H] UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims abstract description 161
- 239000001257 hydrogen Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 161
- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 161
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 153
- 230000008878 coupling Effects 0.000 title claims abstract description 38
- 238000010168 coupling process Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 38
- 238000005859 coupling reaction Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 38
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims description 32
- 239000003513 alkali Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 25
- 238000010248 power generation Methods 0.000 claims description 28
- SJWPTBFNZAZFSH-UHFFFAOYSA-N pmpp Chemical compound C1CCSC2=NC=NC3=C2N=CN3CCCN2C(=O)N(C)C(=O)C1=C2 SJWPTBFNZAZFSH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 18
- 238000004891 communication Methods 0.000 claims description 14
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 230000006698 induction Effects 0.000 claims description 2
- 230000001360 synchronised effect Effects 0.000 claims description 2
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 4
- 230000003993 interaction Effects 0.000 description 4
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 description 4
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 238000005868 electrolysis reaction Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 3
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 3
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 230000033228 biological regulation Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000009826 distribution Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000002955 isolation Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 2
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000003247 decreasing effect Effects 0.000 description 1
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- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
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Abstract
In the direct-current coupling off-grid hydrogen production system, the input end of each power converter in the converter system is connected to the output end of a new energy system in parallel, and the output ends are respectively connected with the hydrogen production tank power supply ends of the hydrogen production tank systems corresponding to the power converters; moreover, a system controller in the converter system can perform MPPT operation on the electric energy output by the new energy system, and then control the operation of a corresponding number of power converters according to the maximum power point information obtained by the operation; even if the hydrogen production tank of the hydrogen production tank system is an alkali liquor electrolytic tank, the power fluctuation of the new energy system and the power characteristic requirement of the alkali liquor electrolytic tank can be effectively balanced through the principle.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of automatic control, in particular to a direct-current coupling off-grid hydrogen production system and a control method thereof.
Background
With the development of energy towards green and clean directions, hydrogen can really achieve zero emission and no pollution because the utilization product of hydrogen is water, is regarded as one of clean energy with the most application prospect, and is increasingly widely applied to industries such as fuel cells, energy storage and new energy automobiles. The water electrolysis hydrogen production has the advantages of high purity, high efficiency, less carbon emission and the like, and is separate from a plurality of hydrogen production modes.
FIG. 1 shows a typical DC-coupled off-grid hydrogen production system; direct current generated by the PV system is output to a plurality of hydrogen production tank systems through a DC/DC converter (or alternating current generated by a fan system is output to an AC/DC converter), hydrogen in water is replaced by electrolytic tanks in each hydrogen production tank system, and then the obtained hydrogen and oxygen are conveyed to a hydrogen storage/oxygen system.
In practical application, the hydrogen production tank system mostly adopts an alkaline electrolytic tank to carry out electrolytic hydrogen production, but the alkaline electrolytic tank has the minimum current/voltage limit requirement, and the new energy power has volatility, so if the limit requirement cannot be met, the alkaline electrolytic tank is low in gas production purity and is actively shut down, and even safety hazard is brought.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention provides a direct-current coupling off-grid hydrogen production system and a control method thereof, which aim to solve the problem of unstable input power of an electrolytic cell in the prior art.
In order to achieve the purpose, the technical scheme provided by the application is as follows:
the invention provides a direct current coupling off-grid hydrogen production system in a first aspect, which comprises: a new energy system, a converter system and at least two hydrogen production tank systems; wherein:
the converter system includes a plurality of power converters;
the input end of each power converter is connected with the output end of the new energy system;
the output end of each power converter is respectively connected with the hydrogen production tank power supply end of each hydrogen production tank system;
and the system controller in the converter system is used for carrying out MPPT (Maximum Power Point Tracking) operation on the electric energy output by the new energy system and controlling the Power converters with corresponding numbers to operate according to the Maximum Power Point information obtained by the operation.
Optionally, the hydrogen production tank of the hydrogen production tank system is: any one of an alkali liquor electrolytic cell, a PEM electrolytic cell and a solid oxide electrolytic cell.
Optionally, in the converter system, each power converter realizes master-slave control through its own built-in controller, and the built-in controller serving as the communication host is the system controller;
alternatively, the first and second electrodes may be,
in the converter system, the built-in controllers of the power converters respectively realize centralized control through the system controller.
Optionally, in the converter system, each power converter is in communication connection with a control cabinet of the hydrogen production tank system connected to the power converter through its own built-in controller.
Optionally, the new energy system includes: at least one photovoltaic power generation branch, and/or at least one wind power generation branch;
and the output end of each power generation branch is connected with the output end of the new energy system.
Optionally, the photovoltaic power generation branch includes: at least one photovoltaic string; two ends of each photovoltaic group string are respectively used for connecting the output end of the new energy system;
the power converter connected with each photovoltaic string is a DC/DC converter.
Optionally, the photovoltaic power generation branch further includes: at least one combiner box;
the input side of the combiner box is used for connecting the photovoltaic group strings with corresponding numbers;
the output side of the combiner box is used for being connected with the output end of the new energy system.
Optionally, the wind power generation branch comprises: a wind turbine, and, a DFIG (double fed Induction Generator) or a PMSG (permanent magnet synchronous Generator);
the fan is connected with the output end of the new energy system through the DFIG or the PMSG;
the power converter connected with the DFIG or the PMSG is an AC/DC converter, or an AC/DC converter and a DC/DC converter which are connected in series.
The invention also provides a control method of the direct-current coupling off-grid hydrogen production system, wherein the direct-current coupling off-grid hydrogen production system is any one of the direct-current coupling off-grid hydrogen production systems; the control method of the direct-current coupling off-grid hydrogen production system comprises the following steps:
the system controller of the converter system in the direct-current coupling off-grid hydrogen production system carries out MPPT operation on the electric energy output by the new energy system in the direct-current coupling off-grid hydrogen production system to obtain maximum power point information;
the system controller determines the operation number of power converters of a converter system in the direct-current coupling off-grid hydrogen production system according to the maximum power point information and the operation requirement of a hydrogen production tank system in the direct-current coupling off-grid hydrogen production system;
the system controller determines an operation parameter reference value of a corresponding power converter in the converter system according to the maximum power point information and the operation number of the power converters; the operation parameter reference value is an output current reference value or an operation power reference value;
and the system controller issues each operation parameter reference value to the corresponding power converter.
Optionally, when the operation parameter reference value is an operation power reference value, the maximum power point information is: the power of the maximum power point;
when the operating parameter reference value is an output current reference value, the maximum power point information includes: power and current at the maximum power point.
Optionally, the determining, by the system controller, the number of power converters of the converter system in the dc-coupled off-grid hydrogen production system according to the maximum power point information and the operation requirement of the hydrogen production tank system in the dc-coupled off-grid hydrogen production system includes:
the system controller calculates the power range of the converter system in a preset operation state according to the operation requirement of the hydrogen production tank system and the preset operation number of the power converters in the preset operation state of the converter system;
the system controller judges whether the power of the maximum power point is in the power range;
if the power of the maximum power point is in the power range, the system controller takes the preset operation number of the power converters as the operation number of the power converters;
if the power of the maximum power point is larger than the upper limit of the power range, the system controller takes the sum of the preset operation number of the power converters plus 1 as the operation number of the power converters;
and if the power of the maximum power point is smaller than the lower limit of the power range, taking the difference of subtracting 1 from the preset operation number of the power converter as the operation number of the power converter by the system controller.
Optionally, the determining, by the system controller, the reference value of the operating parameter of the corresponding power converter in the converter system according to the maximum power point information and the number of the power converters in operation includes:
the system controller determines the operation parameter reference value of a corresponding power converter in the converter system to be Impp/N according to the current Impp of the maximum power point and the operation number N of the power converters;
alternatively, the first and second electrodes may be,
and the system controller determines the operation power reference value of the corresponding power converter in the converter system to be Pmpp/N according to the power Pmpp of the maximum power point and the operation number N of the power converters.
Optionally, after the system controller issues each operating parameter reference value to the corresponding power converter, the method further includes:
each power converter in operation judges whether an operation parameter adjusting instruction sent by a hydrogen production tank system connected with the power converter is received or not;
if the operation parameter adjusting instruction is not received, the corresponding power converter outputs according to the operation parameter reference value;
and if the operation parameter adjusting instruction is received, outputting the corresponding power converter according to the smaller one of the operation parameter adjusting instruction and the operation parameter reference value.
Optionally, after the corresponding power converter outputs according to the smaller one of the operating parameter adjustment command and the operating parameter reference value, the method further includes:
the system controller determines the remaining operation parameters to be distributed according to the maximum power point information and the number of the power converters receiving the operation parameter adjusting instruction;
the system controller determines the number of power converters with operation parameters to be distributed in the converter system according to the maximum power point information and the operation requirement of the hydrogen production tank system;
the system controller calculates and obtains a new operation parameter reference value of each power converter of the current to be distributed according to the residual operation parameters and the number of the power converters of the operation parameters to be distributed;
and the system controller issues each new operation parameter reference value to the corresponding power converter.
Optionally, the calculation formula of the remaining operating parameters is:
X1＝Xmpp-n*min(Xmpp/N,Xref)；
wherein, X1 is the remaining operating parameter, N is the number of power converters receiving the operating parameter adjustment instruction, Xmpp is the operating parameter of the maximum power point, N is the operating number of the power converters, and Xref is the operating parameter reference value;
the new operating parameter reference values are: X1/N1; wherein N1 is the number of power converters to which the operating parameter is to be assigned.
The input end of each power converter in the converter system of the direct current coupling off-grid hydrogen production system is connected to the output end of the new energy system in parallel, and the output ends are respectively connected with the hydrogen production tank power supply ends of the hydrogen production tank systems corresponding to the power converters; moreover, a system controller in the converter system can perform MPPT operation on the electric energy output by the new energy system, and then control the operation of a corresponding number of power converters according to the maximum power point information obtained by the operation; even if the hydrogen production tank of the hydrogen production tank system is an alkali liquor electrolytic tank, the power fluctuation of the new energy system and the power characteristic requirement of the alkali liquor electrolytic tank can be effectively balanced through the principle.
Drawings
In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the drawings used in the description of the embodiments or the prior art will be briefly described below, it is obvious that the drawings in the following description are only some embodiments of the present invention, and for those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained according to the drawings without creative efforts.
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of a prior art DC-coupled off-grid hydrogen production system;
FIG. 2 is a schematic structural diagram of a DC-coupled off-grid hydrogen production system provided in an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a schematic structural diagram of a DC-coupled photovoltaic off-grid hydrogen production system provided in an embodiment of the present application;
FIG. 4 is a schematic structural diagram of an off-grid hydrogen production system with DC-coupled wind power provided by an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 5 is a flow chart of a method for controlling a DC-coupled off-grid hydrogen production system according to an embodiment of the present application;
FIG. 6 is a partial flow chart of a method for controlling a DC-coupled off-grid hydrogen production system according to an embodiment of the present invention.
Detailed Description
The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present application will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the drawings in the embodiments of the present application, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present application, and not all of the embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present application.
The invention provides a direct-current coupling off-grid hydrogen production system, which aims to solve the problem of unstable input power of an electrolytic cell in the prior art.
As shown in fig. 2, the dc-coupled off-grid hydrogen production system comprises: a new energy system 101, a converter system 102, and at least two hydrogen production cell systems.
The new energy system 101 may be formed by connecting photovoltaic power generation branches in parallel, or by connecting wind power generation branches in parallel, or by connecting two power generation branches in parallel in unlimited number, depending on the specific application environment, which is not limited herein, and is within the protection scope of the present application as long as each power generation branch is connected in parallel to the output end of the new energy system 101.
The converter system 102 includes a plurality of power converters. Moreover, the input end of each power converter is connected with the output end of the new energy system 101; that is, the input ends of the power converters are connected in parallel, and as long as the power converters are in an operating state, the corresponding power converters can perform power conversion on the electric energy generated by the new energy system 101 together; by means of suitable control, the individual operating power converters can be made to achieve an even distribution of electrical energy to the new energy system 101.
In the converter system 102, the output end of each power converter is respectively connected with the hydrogen production tank power supply end of each hydrogen production tank system, so that the hydrogen production tanks in each hydrogen production tank system are respectively and independently supplied with power; compared with the direct parallel connection of the hydrogen production tanks, the problem that the voltage/current between the hydrogen production tanks is not matched due to the inconsistent tank temperatures of the hydrogen production tanks, so that a loop is generated between the hydrogen production tanks, the system reliability is reduced, and even safety accidents are caused can be solved.
Each hydrogen production tank system comprises a hydrogen production tank and a control cabinet; each control cabinet is responsible for monitoring the conditions of the corresponding hydrogen production tank such as tank pressure, tank temperature, hydrogen/oxygen liquid level and the like; the hydrogen production tank can be any one of an alkali liquor electrolytic tank, a PEM electrolytic tank and a solid oxide electrolytic tank; it is not specifically limited herein, and is within the scope of the present application, depending on the specific application environment.
For a PEM electrolytic cell, hydrogen production can be realized when the power supply of the PEM electrolytic cell fluctuates within 0% -100%, but the prior art is still immature, particularly in the aspect of service life; from the viewpoints of reliability and the like, an alkali liquor electrolytic cell system is still the inevitable choice for large-scale hydrogen production of a new energy power station level, but the alkali liquor electrolytic cell has the requirement of minimum current/voltage limitation, and generally needs the power supply current of the alkali liquor electrolytic cell to be about 30% of the rated current, otherwise, the gas production purity of the alkali liquor electrolytic cell is not high, the alkali liquor electrolytic cell is actively stopped, and even safety hazards are brought; if a plurality of alkali liquor electrolytic cells with small capacity are connected in parallel through switches and whether the alkali liquor electrolytic cells work is controlled according to the principle of power distribution, the problem of the loop between the hydrogen production cells is easily caused, and the power supply current of each alkali liquor electrolytic cell can not meet the normal operation requirement.
In the embodiment, the independent power supply of each hydrogen production tank is realized through the structural connection relationship shown in FIG. 2, so that the problem of a loop between the hydrogen production tanks is avoided; moreover, MPPT operation is carried out on the electric energy output by the new energy system 101 through a system controller in the converter system 102, and the operation of a corresponding number of power converters is controlled according to the maximum power point information obtained through operation, namely the operation number of hydrogen production tanks is determined according to the output power of the new energy system 101; even if the hydrogen production tank is an alkali liquor electrolytic tank, the fluctuation of the output power of the new energy and the minimum current/voltage characteristic of the alkali liquor electrolytic tank can be effectively balanced.
In addition, for other electrolytic cells such as PEM (proton exchange membrane), solid oxide and the like, parallel switching is realized by controlling the working quantity of the power converters, and when the power of the new energy system 101 is small, part of the power converters and the corresponding hydrogen production cells can be switched, so that the efficiency of the power converters and the corresponding hydrogen production cells can be improved, and the overall efficiency of the direct-current coupling off-grid hydrogen production system can be improved.
Another embodiment of the present invention further provides a specific dc-coupled off-grid hydrogen production system, based on the above embodiment and fig. 2, optionally, the new energy system 101 includes: at least one photovoltaic power generation branch, and/or at least one wind power generation branch; depending on the specific application environment, the output end of each power generation branch is connected to the output end of the new energy system 101, which is within the protection scope of the present application.
As shown in fig. 3: photovoltaic power generation branch road includes: at least one photovoltaic string; and two ends of each photovoltaic group string are respectively used for connecting the output end of the new energy system 101.
The photovoltaic group string can be composed of photovoltaic components with various power grades on the market at present, can form a photovoltaic 1000V system, can also be a 1500V system, and even can be a photovoltaic system with a higher voltage grade; it is not specifically limited herein, and is within the scope of the present application depending on the application environment.
At the moment, the power converter connected with each photovoltaic string is a DC/DC converter; the DC/DC converter is an isolation topology, the interior of the DC/DC converter can be a series/parallel combination structure, a boost topology, a buck topology, a boost/buck topology, a resonance topology, a non-resonance topology, a full-bridge structure, a half-bridge structure, a two-level topology or a three-level topology; it is not specifically limited herein, and is within the scope of the present application depending on the application environment.
In practical application, the photovoltaic power generation branch circuit may further include: at least one combiner box; the input side of the combiner box is used for connecting different photovoltaic group strings with corresponding numbers, and the number of the combiner box lines can be 8, 16, 20 and the like; the output side of collection flow box is used for connecting the output of new forms of energy system 101.
As shown in fig. 4: the wind power generation branch includes: a fan, and, a DFIG or PMSG; and the fan is connected with the output end of the new energy system 101 through the DFIG or the PMSG. In this case, the power converter to which the DFIG or PMSG is connected is an AC/DC converter, or an AC/DC converter and a DC/DC converter connected in series. The AC side of the AC/DC converter is connected with the DFIG or the PMSG; and the direct current side of the AC/DC converter is directly connected with the corresponding hydrogen production tank power supply end, or is connected with the corresponding hydrogen production tank power supply end through the corresponding DC/DC converter.
The AC/DC converter is an isolation topology, can be a boost topology, can be a buck topology, can also be a boost/buck topology, can be a two-level topology, can also be a three-level topology, can be a full-bridge topology or a half-bridge topology; it is not specifically limited herein, and is within the scope of the present application depending on the application environment.
In practical application, the new energy system 101 may further include at least one photovoltaic power generation branch and at least one wind power generation branch, and the scheme for realizing new energy power generation is within the protection scope of the present application.
The direct-current coupling photovoltaic off-grid hydrogen production system shown in fig. 3 is taken as an example for explanation:
the input of each DC/DC converter in the converter system is connected in parallel, and the output is connected with the corresponding hydrogen production tank system. In the alkali liquor hydrogen production tank system, the input current of the hydrogen production tank must be larger than a certain limit value, which is determined by different hydrogen production tank manufacturers and is generally 30% or 50%; however, since the photovoltaic power of the front stage fluctuates, if one or more photovoltaic power generation branches correspond to one hydrogen production tank through one DC/DC converter, the photovoltaic output power may hardly meet the requirements of the alkali solution electrolysis tank in the morning, evening and shady states; in the system provided by the embodiment, the operation of the alkali liquor electrolytic tank is indirectly controlled by controlling the working number of the DC/DC converter, so that the dynamic balance between the photovoltaic output power fluctuation and the power characteristic of the alkali liquor electrolytic tank can be realized; in addition, the system provided by the embodiment is simple in structure and can realize the maximum utilization of new energy.
The principle of the direct-current coupling wind power off-grid hydrogen production system shown in fig. 4 and the direct-current coupling off-grid hydrogen production system combining photovoltaic power generation and wind power generation, which is not shown, is similar to the above content, and is not described in detail here.
On the basis of the previous embodiment and fig. 2 to 4, in the converter system 102, optionally, each power converter realizes master-slave control through its own built-in controller, and the built-in controller as a communication host is a system controller; alternatively, in the converter system 102, the controllers built in the power converters are collectively controlled by the system controller.
In the converter system 102, each power converter is connected to a control cabinet of the hydrogen production tank system connected thereto through its own built-in controller.
In practical application, the communication connection among the power converters and the communication connection between the power converters and the corresponding hydrogen production tank system control cabinet can be realized through a built-in communication module of the power converters or by combining an external communication unit of the power converters; the communication connection may be a wired or wireless communication mode according to an actual application environment, and is not limited herein and is within the scope of the present application.
The direct-current coupling off-grid hydrogen production system provided by the embodiment not only can effectively balance the fluctuation of new energy power and the power characteristic requirements of an alkali liquor hydrogen production tank system through the principle described in the embodiment, but also has simple control and easy scheme realization in the converter system, and can realize reliable operation through master-slave control or centralized control among all power converters; in addition, the system has strong universality, can be applied to distributed and centralized off-grid hydrogen production systems, and can be applied to various occasions such as various household roofs, industrial and commercial roofs, hills, deserts, fishing light complementation and the like.
In practical application, the direct-current coupling off-grid hydrogen production system provided by the above embodiment may implement the balance between the fluctuation of the new energy power and the power characteristic requirement of the hydrogen production tank system by using the control method shown in fig. 5, where the control method specifically includes:
s101, a system controller of a converter system in the direct current coupling off-grid hydrogen production system performs MPPT operation on electric energy output by a new energy system in the direct current coupling off-grid hydrogen production system to obtain maximum power point information.
The maximum power point information includes at least a power Pmpp of the maximum power point, or may further include a current Impp of the maximum power point.
S102, the system controller determines the running number of power converters of a converter system in the direct-current coupling off-grid hydrogen production system according to the maximum power point information and the running requirement of the hydrogen production tank system in the direct-current coupling off-grid hydrogen production system.
In an actual system, the state of a hydrogen production tank system changes along with the input power, namely, the hydrogen production tank system is started and stopped along with the change of the power of new energy; specifically, the step may include, as shown in fig. 6:
s201, calculating by a system controller according to the operation requirement of the hydrogen production tank system and the preset operation number of the power converters in the preset operation state of the converter system to obtain the power range of the converter system in the preset operation state.
S202, the system controller judges whether the power of the maximum power point is in a power range.
If the power of the maximum power point is within the power range, executing step S203; if the power of the maximum power point is larger than the upper limit of the power range, executing step S204; if the power of the maximum power point is smaller than the lower limit of the power range, step S205 is executed.
And S203, the system controller takes the preset operation number of the power converters as the operation number of the power converters.
And S204, the system controller takes the sum of the preset operation number of the power converters plus 1 as the operation number of the power converters.
And S205, taking the difference of subtracting 1 from the preset operation number of the power converters as the operation number of the power converters by the system controller.
In practical application, a system controller of the converter system firstly obtains the power Pmpp of the maximum power point of the new energy system according to MPPT operation; when Pmpp > P _ limit1, controlling the operation number of the power converters to increase by 1, namely increasing one hydrogen making tank system to start and produce gas; when the P _ limit2 is less than Pmpp < P _ limit1, the operation number of the power converters is not increased or decreased, and the preset operation number of the power converters in the preset operation state of the converter system is maintained; and when Pmpp < P _ limit2, the number of power converter operations is reduced by 1, namely one hydrogen production tank system is shut down. Here, P _ limit1 is the upper limit of the power range, and P _ limit2 is the lower limit of the power range, both of which need to be actually adjusted according to the hydrogen production tank system of the actual alkaline electrolysis tank.
S103, the system controller determines the operation parameter reference value of the corresponding power converter in the converter system according to the maximum power point information and the operation number of the power converters.
The operating parameter refers to the output current or the operating power, so the operating parameter reference value is the output current reference value or the operating power reference value. When the operation parameter reference value is an operation power reference value, the maximum power point information only comprises the power Pmpp of the maximum power point; and when the operation parameter reference value is the output current reference value, the maximum power point information includes: the power Pmpp and the current Impp of the maximum power point.
Specifically, the method comprises the following steps: the system controller determines the operation parameter reference value of a corresponding power converter in the converter system to be Impp/N according to the current Impp of the maximum power point and the operation number N of the power converters; or the system controller determines the operation power reference value of the corresponding power converter in the converter system to be Pmpp/N according to the power Pmpp of the maximum power point and the operation number N of the power converters.
And S104, issuing each operation parameter reference value to the corresponding power converter by the system controller.
In an actual system, an internal control cabinet in the subsequent hydrogen production tank system needs to have controllable input current/power according to the tank pressure, tank temperature, hydrogen/oxygen liquid level and other conditions, that is, the output current/power of the corresponding power converter needs to be set to be adjustable by the subsequent hydrogen production tank system, so after step S104, the control method further includes:
and S105, judging whether the power converters in operation receive operation parameter adjusting instructions sent by the hydrogen production tank system connected with the power converters in operation.
The operation parameter adjusting instruction has the same attribute as the operation parameter for which the operation parameter reference value is aimed, and is the output current or the operation power; depending on the specific application environment, the method is not limited herein and is within the scope of the present application.
If the operation parameter adjusting instruction is not received, executing step S106; if the operation parameter adjustment instruction is received, step S107 is executed.
And S106, outputting the corresponding power converter according to the operation parameter reference value.
And S107, outputting the corresponding power converter according to the smaller one of the operation parameter adjusting instruction and the operation parameter reference value.
If the operation parameter adjustment command is smaller than the operation parameter reference value, after step S107 is executed, the power generated by the new energy system will be remained, and the remained power can be equally divided by other operable power converters, so that step S107 should be executed:
and S108, determining the remaining operation parameters to be distributed by the system controller according to the maximum power point information and the number of the power converters receiving the operation parameter adjusting instruction.
The residual operating parameter and the operating parameter corresponding to the operating parameter reference value have the same attribute, and are both the output current or the operating power; the method is determined according to the specific application environment, and is not limited herein and is within the protection scope of the application; and, the calculation formula of the remaining operating parameters is:
X1＝Xmpp-n*min(Xmpp/N,Xref)；
wherein, X1 is the remaining operation parameter, N is the number of power converters receiving the operation parameter adjustment instruction, Xmpp is the operation parameter of the maximum power point, N is the number of power converters operating, Xref is the operation parameter reference value. X refers to current or power, the same operating parameter property as for the operating parameter reference value.
And S109, determining the number of the power converters with the operation parameters to be distributed in the converter system by the system controller according to the maximum power point information and the operation requirement of the hydrogen production tank system.
And S110, calculating by the system controller according to the remaining operation parameters and the number of the power converters with the operation parameters to be distributed to obtain a new operation parameter reference value of each power converter with the current to be distributed.
The new operating parameter reference values are: X1/N1; wherein N1 is the number of power converters to which the operating parameter is to be assigned.
And S111, issuing each new operation parameter reference value to the corresponding power converter by the system controller.
According to the process, a system controller in the converter system firstly determines the power Pmpp of the maximum power point input by the new energy system according to the MPPT operation; if the operation parameter for controlling the new energy system is the output current, the current Impp of the maximum power point input by the new energy system needs to be determined at the moment.
In addition, as described in the above embodiment, master-slave control may be adopted among the power converters, that is, one power converter serves as a master, the other power converters serve as slaves, MPPT tracking is performed by the master, the slaves follow power changes of the master, information interaction is performed between the master and the slaves through communication, and information interaction is performed between each power converter and the hydrogen production tank through communication; or centralized control can be adopted among the power converters, namely a main controller exists in the converter system, the main controller carries out MPPT tracking, all the power converters are controlled by the main controller, the main controller and each power converter carry out information interaction through communication, and information interaction exists between each power converter and the hydrogen production tank system.
Then, the system controller determines the number N of the power converters to be operated according to the operation requirement of the alkali liquor electrolytic cell, and determines a preliminary current reference Impp/N (or a preliminary power reference Pmpp/N) of each power converter as an operation parameter reference value. If the power converter does not receive an operating parameter adjustment command for the corresponding hydrogen production cell system, the power converter outputs a current at Impp/N (or Pmpp/N). If the power converter receives an operation parameter adjustment instruction, such as a current adjustment instruction Iref (or a power adjustment instruction Pref), issued by the corresponding hydrogen production tank system, the power converter outputs current according to the smaller one of Impp/N and Iref (or Pmpp/N and Pref).
If a total of N power converters receive the current regulation command Iref (or the power regulation command Pref), the system controller calculates a remaining operating parameter, such as a remaining current I1 (or a remaining power P1), according to the number N of power converters by using the formula I1 (Impp-N min (Impp/N, Iref) (or P1 (Pmpp-N min (Pmpp/N, Pref)). Then the system controller adopts the same method as the flow shown in FIG. 6 to determine the number N1 of power converters with the operation parameters to be distributed in the converter system according to the operation requirements of the hydrogen production tank system; and calculating a new operation parameter reference value of each power converter to be distributed with current through I1/N1 (or P1/N1).
The operation example of the direct-current coupling photovoltaic off-grid hydrogen production system under the control method of the scheme is introduced as follows: the capacity of a hydrogen production tank system is 1MW, the total number of the hydrogen production tank systems is 5, the capacity of a preceding photovoltaic system (namely a new energy system) is 5MW, and a control cabinet of the hydrogen production tank system is supposed not to issue an operation parameter adjusting instruction to a corresponding DC/DC converter, and the loss of the DC/DC converter is not considered; when the preceding stage photovoltaic system is not shielded, the power supply power of each alkali liquor electrolytic tank is 1MW, and each DC/DC converter outputs 1 MW; when the front-stage photovoltaic system is shielded, the photovoltaic output power is 3.6MW, the system controller compares the photovoltaic input power with P _ limit1/P _ limit2, and if the input power is not less than P _ limit2 and not more than P _ limit1, the power supply power of each alkali liquor electrolytic tank is 3.6 MW/5-0.72 MW.
Meanwhile, for the direct-current coupling wind power off-grid hydrogen production system, the DC/DC converter in the converter system is changed into the AC/DC converter, the AC/DC converter carries out maximum wind energy tracking MPPT through a torque signal fed back by the fan system and converts the wind energy into power supply energy required by the hydrogen production tank in the hydrogen production tank system, other principles are similar to those of the direct-current coupling photovoltaic off-grid hydrogen production system, and the description is omitted.
The specific architecture of the dc-coupled off-grid hydrogen production system can be described in any of the above embodiments, and is not described in detail here.
The embodiments of the invention are described in a progressive manner, each embodiment focuses on differences from other embodiments, and the same and similar parts among the embodiments can be referred to each other. The device disclosed by the embodiment corresponds to the method disclosed by the embodiment, so that the description is simple, and the relevant points can be referred to the method part for description.
The foregoing is merely a preferred embodiment of the invention and is not intended to limit the invention in any manner. Although the present invention has been described with reference to the preferred embodiments, it is not intended to be limited thereto. Those skilled in the art can make numerous possible variations and modifications to the present teachings, or modify equivalent embodiments to equivalent variations, without departing from the scope of the present teachings, using the methods and techniques disclosed above. Therefore, any simple modification, equivalent change and modification made to the above embodiments according to the technical essence of the present invention are still within the scope of the protection of the technical solution of the present invention, unless the contents of the technical solution of the present invention are departed.
Claims (15)
1. A direct current coupling off-grid hydrogen production system is characterized by comprising: a new energy system, a converter system and at least two hydrogen production tank systems; wherein:
the converter system includes a plurality of power converters;
the input end of each power converter is connected with the output end of the new energy system;
the output end of each power converter is respectively connected with the hydrogen production tank power supply end of each hydrogen production tank system;
and the system controller in the converter system is used for carrying out Maximum Power Point Tracking (MPPT) operation on the electric energy output by the new energy system and controlling the power converters with corresponding numbers to operate according to the maximum power point information obtained by operation.
2. The direct current coupling off-grid hydrogen production system according to claim 1, wherein the hydrogen production cell of the hydrogen production cell system is: any one of an alkali liquor electrolytic cell, a PEM electrolytic cell and a solid oxide electrolytic cell.
3. The system for producing hydrogen through direct current coupling off-grid according to claim 1, wherein in the converter system, each power converter realizes master-slave control through a built-in controller of each power converter, and the built-in controller serving as a communication host is the system controller;
alternatively, the first and second electrodes may be,
in the converter system, the built-in controllers of the power converters respectively realize centralized control through the system controller.
4. The system for producing hydrogen by direct current coupling off-grid according to claim 1, wherein each power converter in the converter system is in communication connection with a control cabinet of a hydrogen production tank system connected with the power converter through a built-in controller of the power converter.
5. The dc-coupled off-grid hydrogen production system according to any one of claims 1-4, wherein the new energy system comprises: at least one photovoltaic power generation branch, and/or at least one wind power generation branch;
and the output end of each power generation branch is connected with the output end of the new energy system.
6. The dc-coupled off-grid hydrogen production system of claim 5, wherein the photovoltaic power generation branch comprises: at least one photovoltaic string; two ends of each photovoltaic group string are respectively used for connecting the output end of the new energy system;
the power converter connected with each photovoltaic string is a DC/DC converter.
7. The dc-coupled off-grid hydrogen production system of claim 6, wherein the photovoltaic power generation branch further comprises: at least one combiner box;
the input side of the combiner box is used for connecting the photovoltaic group strings with corresponding numbers;
the output side of the combiner box is used for being connected with the output end of the new energy system.
8. The dc-coupled off-grid hydrogen production system of claim 5, wherein the wind power generation branch comprises: a fan, a doubly-fed induction machine (DFIG) or a Permanent Magnet Synchronous Generator (PMSG);
the fan is connected with the output end of the new energy system through the DFIG or the PMSG;
the power converter connected with the DFIG or the PMSG is an AC/DC converter, or an AC/DC converter and a DC/DC converter which are connected in series.
9. A control method of a direct-current coupled off-grid hydrogen production system is characterized in that the direct-current coupled off-grid hydrogen production system is the direct-current coupled off-grid hydrogen production system as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 8; the control method of the direct-current coupling off-grid hydrogen production system comprises the following steps:
the system controller of the converter system in the direct-current coupling off-grid hydrogen production system carries out MPPT operation on the electric energy output by the new energy system in the direct-current coupling off-grid hydrogen production system to obtain maximum power point information;
the system controller determines the operation number of power converters of a converter system in the direct-current coupling off-grid hydrogen production system according to the maximum power point information and the operation requirement of a hydrogen production tank system in the direct-current coupling off-grid hydrogen production system;
the system controller determines an operation parameter reference value of a corresponding power converter in the converter system according to the maximum power point information and the operation number of the power converters; the operation parameter reference value is an output current reference value or an operation power reference value;
and the system controller issues each operation parameter reference value to the corresponding power converter.
10. The method for controlling the dc-coupled off-grid hydrogen production system according to claim 9, wherein when the operating parameter reference value is an operating power reference value, the maximum power point information is: the power of the maximum power point;
when the operating parameter reference value is an output current reference value, the maximum power point information includes: power and current at the maximum power point.
11. The method for controlling the dc-coupled off-grid hydrogen production system according to claim 10, wherein the determining, by the system controller, the number of power converters of the converter system in the dc-coupled off-grid hydrogen production system according to the maximum power point information and the operation requirement of the hydrogen production tank system in the dc-coupled off-grid hydrogen production system comprises:
the system controller calculates the power range of the converter system in a preset operation state according to the operation requirement of the hydrogen production tank system and the preset operation number of the power converters in the preset operation state of the converter system;
the system controller judges whether the power of the maximum power point is in the power range;
if the power of the maximum power point is in the power range, the system controller takes the preset operation number of the power converters as the operation number of the power converters;
if the power of the maximum power point is larger than the upper limit of the power range, the system controller takes the sum of the preset operation number of the power converters plus 1 as the operation number of the power converters;
and if the power of the maximum power point is smaller than the lower limit of the power range, taking the difference of subtracting 1 from the preset operation number of the power converter as the operation number of the power converter by the system controller.
12. The method of claim 10, wherein the determining, by the system controller, the reference values of the operating parameters of the respective power converters in the converter system based on the maximum power point information and the number of operating power converters comprises:
the system controller determines the output current reference value of a corresponding power converter in the converter system to be Impp/N according to the current Impp of the maximum power point and the running number N of the power converters;
alternatively, the first and second electrodes may be,
and the system controller determines the operation power reference value of the corresponding power converter in the converter system to be Pmpp/N according to the power Pmpp of the maximum power point and the operation number N of the power converters.
13. The method for controlling a dc-coupled off-grid hydrogen production system according to any one of claims 9-12, wherein after the system controller issues each operating parameter reference to a corresponding power converter, the method further comprises:
each power converter in operation judges whether an operation parameter adjusting instruction sent by a hydrogen production tank system connected with the power converter is received or not;
if the operation parameter adjusting instruction is not received, the corresponding power converter outputs according to the operation parameter reference value;
and if the operation parameter adjusting instruction is received, outputting the corresponding power converter according to the smaller one of the operation parameter adjusting instruction and the operation parameter reference value.
14. The method of claim 13, further comprising, after the respective power converters output the smaller of the operating parameter adjustment command and the operating parameter reference value:
the system controller determines the remaining operation parameters to be distributed according to the maximum power point information and the number of the power converters receiving the operation parameter adjusting instruction;
the system controller determines the number of power converters with operation parameters to be distributed in the converter system according to the maximum power point information and the operation requirement of the hydrogen production tank system;
the system controller calculates and obtains a new operation parameter reference value of each power converter of the current to be distributed according to the residual operation parameters and the number of the power converters of the operation parameters to be distributed;
and the system controller issues each new operation parameter reference value to the corresponding power converter.
15. The method for controlling the dc-coupled off-grid hydrogen production system according to claim 14, wherein the calculation formula of the remaining operating parameters is:
X1＝Xmpp-n*min(Xmpp/N,Xref)；
wherein, X1 is the remaining operating parameter, N is the number of power converters receiving the operating parameter adjustment instruction, Xmpp is the operating parameter of the maximum power point, N is the operating number of the power converters, and Xref is the operating parameter reference value;
the new operating parameter reference values are: X1/N1; wherein N1 is the number of power converters to which the operating parameter is to be assigned.
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