CN116565544A - Polarization and wave beam reconfigurable patch array antenna adopting geometric phase preset technology - Google Patents
Polarization and wave beam reconfigurable patch array antenna adopting geometric phase preset technology Download PDFInfo
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- CN116565544A CN116565544A CN202310769196.XA CN202310769196A CN116565544A CN 116565544 A CN116565544 A CN 116565544A CN 202310769196 A CN202310769196 A CN 202310769196A CN 116565544 A CN116565544 A CN 116565544A
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- 230000010287 polarization Effects 0.000 title claims abstract description 87
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 title abstract description 22
- 230000010363 phase shift Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 32
- 238000005388 cross polarization Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 16
- 239000000758 substrate Substances 0.000 claims description 44
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 claims description 24
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 20
- 230000003071 parasitic effect Effects 0.000 claims description 19
- 230000005855 radiation Effects 0.000 claims description 11
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q1/00—Details of, or arrangements associated with, antennas
- H01Q1/50—Structural association of antennas with earthing switches, lead-in devices or lightning protectors
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q1/00—Details of, or arrangements associated with, antennas
- H01Q1/36—Structural form of radiating elements, e.g. cone, spiral, umbrella; Particular materials used therewith
- H01Q1/38—Structural form of radiating elements, e.g. cone, spiral, umbrella; Particular materials used therewith formed by a conductive layer on an insulating support
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q15/00—Devices for reflection, refraction, diffraction or polarisation of waves radiated from an antenna, e.g. quasi-optical devices
- H01Q15/24—Polarising devices; Polarisation filters
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q21/00—Antenna arrays or systems
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q3/00—Arrangements for changing or varying the orientation or the shape of the directional pattern of the waves radiated from an antenna or antenna system
- H01Q3/26—Arrangements for changing or varying the orientation or the shape of the directional pattern of the waves radiated from an antenna or antenna system varying the relative phase or relative amplitude of energisation between two or more active radiating elements; varying the distribution of energy across a radiating aperture
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
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- Y02D—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN INFORMATION AND COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGIES [ICT], I.E. INFORMATION AND COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGIES AIMING AT THE REDUCTION OF THEIR OWN ENERGY USE
- Y02D30/00—Reducing energy consumption in communication networks
- Y02D30/70—Reducing energy consumption in communication networks in wireless communication networks
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Abstract
The invention relates to the technical field of antennas, and discloses a polarized and beam reconfigurable patch array antenna of a geometric phase preset technology, which comprises eight unit antennas, metallized through holes, truncated rectangular patches and a microstrip line layer, wherein the microstrip line layer comprises eight single-pole four-throw switches which are in one-to-one correspondence with the unit antennas, eight groups of adjustable phase shift networks which are cascaded with the unit antennas and an eight-in-one equal-amplitude equal-phase power distributor; eight unit antennas are sequentially staggered and rotated by 90 degrees to form a one-dimensional linear array. The polarization and beam reconfigurable patch array antenna of the geometric phase preset technology realizes phase decoupling of main polarization and cross polarization, further can effectively improve polarization purity of array beams and widen comprehensive axial ratio bandwidth of an array, has stable gain, good circular polarization performance, wider axial ratio bandwidth and rich reconfigurable functions, and can be further expanded to two-dimensional arrays for two-dimensional scanning of the array beams on the basis of the array antenna.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of antennas, in particular to a polarized and beam reconfigurable patch array antenna of a geometric phase preset technology.
Background
The rapid development of the wireless communication technology puts higher demands on system demands and working modes, the modern PCB technology is mature, the processing precision is guaranteed in a frequency band which is not very high, and meanwhile, the processed product can have the characteristics of low profile, small volume and high integration level, so that the antenna is beneficial to large-scale production and application; therefore, the polarization and beam reconfigurable microstrip patch array antenna technology using the PCB process has great significance and practical value in improving system stability, improving system capacity and reducing system cost.
In the related art, the conventional single-function antenna has certain defects in the operation process, such as being incapable of well meeting the actual requirements of the current faced differentiated application scene, becoming the bottleneck for restricting the development of the system performance, being incapable of increasing the system capacity through frequency multiplexing, solving the problem of polarization mismatch in communication and reducing the communication quality.
Disclosure of Invention
(one) solving the technical problems
Aiming at the defects of the prior art, the invention provides the polarized and wave beam reconfigurable patch array antenna with the geometric phase preset technology, which can be switched between two circular polarization states, meanwhile, for each polarization state, the array wave beam can dynamically point to different directions, and the cross polarization component in the radiation direction of the main wave beam can be restrained by adopting the geometric phase preset technology, so that higher polarization purity is obtained, the comprehensive axial ratio bandwidth of the array is greatly expanded, the problem that the capacity of a system cannot be increased through frequency multiplexing is solved, the problem of polarization mismatch in communication is solved, and the problem of communication quality is reduced.
(II) technical scheme
In order to achieve the above purpose, the present invention provides the following technical solutions: the polarized and beam reconfigurable patch array antenna comprises eight unit antennas, metallized through holes, truncated rectangular patches and a microstrip line layer, wherein the microstrip line layer comprises eight single-pole four-throw switches, eight groups of adjustable phase shift networks and eight equal-amplitude equal-phase power distributors, wherein the single-pole four-throw switches are in one-to-one correspondence with the unit antennas, the eight groups of adjustable phase shift networks are cascaded with the unit antennas, and the equal-amplitude equal-phase power distributors are one to eight;
eight unit antennas are sequentially staggered and rotated for 90 degrees to form a one-dimensional linear array, the metallized through holes sequentially penetrate through the dielectric substrate and the metal grounding layer, the penetrating ends of the metallized through holes are respectively connected with four feed ports, the single-pole four-throw switch is connected with the metallized through holes, and the metal grounding layer for realizing switch control is connected at the center zero field of the truncated rectangular patch through metallized blind holes.
Preferably, the antenna further comprises a top dielectric substrate, a driving patch layer and a parasitic patch layer, wherein the dielectric substrate comprises a lower dielectric substrate, a dielectric substrate and an upper dielectric substrate, the microstrip line layer is arranged on the lower surface of the lower dielectric substrate, the metal grounding layer is arranged on the upper surface of the lower dielectric substrate, the driving patch layer is arranged on the upper surface of the upper dielectric substrate, the parasitic patch layer is arranged on the upper surface of the top dielectric substrate, an air layer is arranged between the parasitic patch layer and the driving patch layer, and eight rectangular parasitic patches in linear arrangement are loaded on the parasitic patch layer.
Preferably, the four feed ports include a first feed port, a second feed port, a third feed port and a fourth feed port, the metallized through holes sequentially penetrate through the lower dielectric substrate, the metal ground layer, the dielectric substrate and the upper dielectric substrate, circular gaps are etched on the metal ground layer through the metallized through holes, and the single-pole four-throw switch is connected with the first feed port, the second feed port, the third feed port and the fourth feed port which are in one-to-one correspondence through the metallized through holes.
Preferably, the unit antenna can realize switching between left-hand circular polarization and right-hand circular polarization by controlling single-pole four-throw switches corresponding to four feed ports of the unit antenna one by one.
Preferably, by etching a circular slot in the metal ground layer, the connection of the metallized through hole with the single pole four throw switch and the four feed ports can be achieved;
the first power supply port and the third power supply port are in a group, so that left-hand circularly polarized waves can be generated, the second power supply port and the fourth power supply port are in a group, right-hand circularly polarized waves can be generated, and a 180-degree phase difference exists between the two opposite power supply ports.
Preferably, the unit antenna is switchable between two circular polarization states by controlling the states of the single pole four throw switch and the adjustable phase shift network, and for each circular polarization state, the unit antenna can generate eight phase states;
the metallized blind hole is arranged at the center of the truncated rectangular patch and is connected with the metal grounding layer.
Preferably, the circular polarization states of the left-hand circular polarized wave and the right-hand circular polarized wave can realize seven array beam states with different directions and within a range of +/-45 degrees and a step length of 15 degrees in a plane perpendicular to the array antenna by controlling the adjustable phase shift network and the single-pole four-throw switch;
the decoupling of the phases of the electromagnetic waves with the left-hand circular polarization and the right-hand circular polarization can be realized by utilizing the opposite phase response of the left-hand circular polarization and the right-hand circular polarization to the geometric phase and controlling the single-pole four-throw switch through the cooperation of the pre-rotation unit antennas;
by controlling the adjustable phase shift network, the phase distribution of the cross polarization can be disordered, so that the cross polarization in the radiation direction is restrained, and the comprehensive axial ratio bandwidth is further expanded.
Preferably, the eight sets of adjustable phase shift networks include a 0 °/45 ° switchable phase shifter and a 0 °/90 ° switchable phase shifter;
eight single-pole four-throw switches feed power to the power supply ports through metallized through holes, and each single-pole four-throw switch corresponds to four power supply ports of the unit antenna one by one;
the output end of the eight equal-amplitude equal-phase power divider is cascaded with eight groups of adjustable phase shift networks, eight single-pole four-throw switches and eight unit antennas through microstrip lines, and a direct-current bias network is loaded on a microstrip line layer and used for controlling the single-pole four-throw switches and the adjustable phase shift networks.
(III) beneficial effects
Compared with the prior art, the invention provides a polarized and beam reconfigurable patch array antenna of a geometric phase preset technology, which has the following beneficial effects:
1. the invention realizes the manufacture of the array antenna by utilizing the multi-layer PCB when in use. The geometric phase presetting technology refers to: the rotation arrangement of the unit antennas presets the initial phase of the same feed port, and the phase response of the main polarization and the cross polarization is opposite to the geometric phase introduced by the technology, so that the phase distribution of the main polarization component and the cross polarization component are quite different, the phase decoupling of the main polarization and the cross polarization is realized, and the polarization purity of the array wave beam can be effectively improved and the comprehensive axial ratio bandwidth of the array can be widened.
2. The invention can generate two polarization characteristics, namely left-hand circular polarization and right-hand circular polarization by controlling the single-pole four-throw switch, the two opposite feed ports generate the same circular polarized wave, and a broadband 180-degree phase difference can be generated by selecting the feed ports due to the symmetry of the two feed ports on the structure.
3. The invention can independently regulate and control the polarization and the phase by controlling the single-pole four-throw switch and the adjustable phase shift network, thereby realizing polarization reconstruction and simultaneously controlling the wave beam to scan within a certain range; for each polarization state, the array antenna produces seven differently directed array beams within ±45° of each other in a direction perpendicular to the array antenna, with a step size of 15 °.
4. According to the invention, the opposite phase influence on the left-right circular polarization caused by the rotation staggered arrangement is matched with the transmission phase of the adjustable phase shift network, and the array antenna can radiate cross polarization to other directions, so that the regulation and control of beam pointing can be realized, the polarization purity can be improved, and the comprehensive axial ratio bandwidth can be widened.
5. The invention controls the polarization state and the beam direction through the direct current bias network, and has simple control and high response speed.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a block diagram of a polarization and beam reconfigurable patch array antenna based on geometric phase preset technology;
fig. 2 is a schematic diagram of a parasitic patch layer structure of a unit antenna (or sub-array);
fig. 3 is a schematic diagram of a driving patch layer structure of a unit antenna (or sub-array);
fig. 4 is a schematic diagram of a microstrip line layer structure of a unit antenna (or sub-array);
fig. 5 is a schematic diagram of a parasitic patch layer structure of a polarization and beam reconfigurable patch array antenna based on a geometric phase preset technique according to the present invention;
fig. 6 is a schematic diagram of a driving patch layer structure of a polarization and beam reconfigurable patch array antenna based on a geometric phase preset technique according to the present invention;
fig. 7 is a schematic diagram of a microstrip line layer structure of a polarization and beam reconfigurable patch array antenna based on a geometric phase preset technology;
fig. 8 is a schematic diagram of a metal ground layer structure of a polarization and beam reconfigurable patch array antenna based on a geometric phase preset technique according to the present invention;
fig. 9 is a schematic cross-sectional view of a metallized through hole of a polarization and beam reconfigurable patch element antenna based on geometric phase preset technique;
FIG. 10 is a radiation pattern of principal polarization and cross polarization in different operating states when left-hand circularly polarized waves are radiated at a frequency of 4.8 GHz;
FIG. 11 is a radiation pattern of principal polarization and cross polarization in different operating states when right-hand circularly polarized waves are radiated at a frequency of 4.8 GHz;
fig. 12 is a schematic diagram of return loss of a polarization and beam reconfigurable patch array antenna under different working states based on a geometric phase preset technique;
fig. 13 is a graph showing the relationship between the gain in the maximum radiation direction and the frequency of a polarization and beam reconfigurable patch array antenna based on a geometric phase preset technology provided by the invention under different working states;
fig. 14 is a graph showing the axial ratio of the polarization and beam reconfigurable patch array antenna based on the geometric phase preset technology according to the present invention along with the change of frequency in different working states.
In the figure: 1. a lower dielectric substrate; 2. a metal ground layer; 3. a dielectric substrate; 4. truncated rectangular patches; 5. a unit antenna; 6. an upper dielectric substrate; 7. rectangular parasitic patches; 8. a microstrip line; 9. driving the patch layer; 10. a microstrip line layer; 11. a direct current bias network; 12. a single pole four throw switch; 13. one-eighth equal-amplitude equal-phase power divider; 14. an adjustable phase shift network; 15. a 0 °/45 ° switchable phase shifter; 16. a 0 °/90 ° switchable phase shifter; 17. metallizing the blind holes; 18. a top dielectric substrate; 19. metallizing the through holes; 20. a circular slit; 21. a first feed port; 22. a second feed port; 23. a third feed port; 24. a fourth feed port; 25. parasitic patch layers.
Detailed Description
The following description of the embodiments of the present invention will be made clearly and completely with reference to the accompanying drawings, in which it is apparent that the embodiments described are only some embodiments of the present invention, but not all embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be made by those skilled in the art based on the embodiments of the invention without making any inventive effort, are intended to be within the scope of the invention.
Example 1:
referring to fig. 1-14, a polarization and beam reconfigurable patch array antenna of a geometric phase preset technology comprises eight unit antennas 5, metallized through holes 19, truncated rectangular patches 4 and a microstrip line layer 10, wherein the microstrip line layer 10 comprises eight single-pole four-throw switches 12 which are in one-to-one correspondence with the unit antennas 5, eight groups of adjustable phase shift networks 14 which are cascaded with the unit antennas 5 and an eight-in-one equal-amplitude equal-phase power divider 13;
eight unit antennas 5 are sequentially staggered and rotated for 90 degrees to form a one-dimensional linear array, the interval between the units is one half of the wavelength, the unit antennas 5 are staggered and rotated for 90 degrees to be arranged on the upper surface of a dielectric substrate 6, four feed ports are connected with an adjustable phase shift network 14 through a metallized through hole 19, the central zero field area of a truncated rectangular patch 4 is connected with a metal grounding layer 2 through a metallized blind hole 17 and used for controlling the switch state, the metallized through hole 19 sequentially penetrates through the dielectric substrate and the metal grounding layer 2, the penetrating ends of the metallized through holes 19 are respectively connected with four feed ports, a single-pole four-throw switch 12 is connected with the metallized through hole 19, and the metal grounding layer 2 for realizing switch control is connected at the central zero field of the truncated rectangular patch 4 through the metallized blind hole 17.
The microstrip patch comprises a top dielectric substrate 18, a driving patch layer 9 and a parasitic patch layer 25, wherein the dielectric substrate comprises a lower dielectric substrate 1, a dielectric substrate 3 and an upper dielectric substrate 6, the microstrip line layer 10 is arranged on the lower surface of the lower dielectric substrate 1, the metal grounding layer 2 is arranged on the upper surface of the lower dielectric substrate 1, the driving patch layer 9 is arranged on the upper surface of the upper dielectric substrate 6, the parasitic patch layer 25 is arranged on the upper surface of the top dielectric substrate 18, an air layer is arranged between the parasitic patch layer 25 and the driving patch layer 9, and eight rectangular parasitic patches 7 which are linearly arranged are loaded on the parasitic patch layer 25 and used for further expanding the working bandwidth of the microstrip patch.
The four feed ports comprise a first feed port 21, a second feed port 22, a third feed port 23 and a fourth feed port 24, the metallized through holes 19 sequentially penetrate through the lower dielectric substrate 1, the metal grounding layer 2, the middle dielectric substrate 3 and the upper dielectric substrate 6, circular gaps 20 are etched on the metallized through holes 19 on the metal grounding layer 2, and the single-pole four-throw switch 12 is connected with the first feed port 21, the second feed port 22, the third feed port 23 and the fourth feed port 24 which are in one-to-one correspondence through the metallized through holes 19.
The unit antenna 5 can realize the switching between the left-hand circular polarization and the right-hand circular polarization by controlling the single-pole four-throw switch 12 which is in one-to-one correspondence with the four feed ports of the unit antenna 5;
the four feed ports are switchable feed ports in the prior art.
By etching a circular slot 20 in the metal ground layer 2, it is possible to achieve that the metallized through hole 19 is connected to the single pole four throw switch 12 and to the four feed ports;
the first power supply port 21 and the third power supply port 23 are a group, which can generate a left-hand circularly polarized wave, the second power supply port 22 and the fourth power supply port 24 are a group, which can generate a right-hand circularly polarized wave, and a 180-degree phase difference exists between the two opposite power supply ports.
By controlling the states of the single pole four throw switch 12 and the adjustable phase shift network 14, the unit antenna 5 can be switched between two circular polarization states, and for each circular polarization state, the unit antenna 5 can produce eight phase states, and the eight phase states are 3-bits: 0 °, 45 °, 90 °, 135 °, 180 °, 225 °, 270 °, and 315 °;
eight unit antennas 5 in the array antenna are sequentially staggered and rotated by 90 degrees to be arranged into a one-dimensional linear array, and the bottom of the array antenna is provided with an eight-division equal-amplitude equal-phase power divider 13, an adjustable phase shift network 14, a single-pole four-throw switch 12 and a microstrip line layer 10 of a direct-current offset network 11, and the array antenna and each unit antenna 5 are designed in an integrated manner.
The array antenna can be switched between two circular polarization states through proper switch control; meanwhile, for each circular polarization state, the array antenna can form seven switchable array beams with different directions.
Compared with the common reconfigurable antenna technology, the array antenna has stable gain, good circular polarization performance, wider axial ratio bandwidth and rich reconfigurable functions, and can be further expanded to two-dimensional arrays for two-dimensional scanning of array beams on the basis of the array antenna.
The metallized blind hole 17 is arranged at the center of the truncated rectangular patch 4, and the metallized blind hole 17 is connected with the metal grounding layer 2.
The circular polarization states of the left-hand circular polarized wave and the right-hand circular polarized wave can realize seven array beam states with different directions and within the range of +/-45 degrees and the step length of 15 degrees in the plane vertical to the array antenna by controlling the adjustable phase shift network 14 and the single-pole four-throw switch 12;
the decoupling of the phases of the electromagnetic waves with the left-hand circular polarization and the right-hand circular polarization can be realized by utilizing the opposite phase response of the left-hand circular polarization and the right-hand circular polarization to the geometric phase and by rotating the unit antenna 5 in turn in advance to cooperatively control the single-pole four-throw switch 12;
by controlling the adjustable phase shift network 14, the phase distribution of the cross polarization can be disordered, so that the cross polarization in the maximum radiation direction is suppressed, and the comprehensive axial ratio bandwidth is greatly expanded.
Eight sets of adjustable phase shift networks 14 include a 0/45 switchable phase shifter 15 and a 0/90 switchable phase shifter 16;
eight single-pole four-throw switches 12 feed the feed ports through metallized through holes 19, and each single-pole four-throw switch 12 corresponds to the four feed ports of the unit antenna 5 one by one;
the output end of the one-to-eight equal-amplitude equal-phase power divider 13 is cascaded with eight groups of adjustable phase shift networks 14, eight single-pole four-throw switches 12 and eight unit antennas 5 through microstrip lines 8, and a direct-current bias network 11 is loaded on the microstrip line layer 10 and used for realizing control of the single-pole four-throw switches 12 and the adjustable phase shift networks 14;
the microstrip line layer 10 comprises a one-eighth equal-amplitude equal-phase equal-power divider 13 and eight groups of adjustable phase shift networks 14, wherein the adjustable phase shift networks 14 comprise 0/45-degree switchable phase shifters 15 and 0/90-degree switchable phase shifters 16, and the output ends of the one-eighth equal-amplitude equal-phase equal-power divider 13 are respectively cascaded with the eight groups of adjustable phase shift networks 14 and the eight single-pole four-throw switches 12;
two different circularly polarized waves are formed and the initial phase is adjusted by controlling the single-pole four-throw switch 12;
meanwhile, the direct-current bias network 11, the single-pole four-throw switch 12 and the adjustable phase shift network 14 are combined to realize the regulation and control of beam pointing;
for each circularly polarized wave, the array antenna can form seven array beams with different directions and a step length of 15 degrees in a range of +/-45 degrees in a one-dimensional plane;
the array antenna has better polarization characteristic, better standing wave characteristic, good circular polarization performance and rich reconfigurable functions.
Based on the principle of the invention, a polarization and radiation direction reconfigurable array antenna is manufactured by utilizing a PCB process, and relevant simulation is carried out: FIG. 10 is a radiation pattern of main polarization and cross polarization in different operating states at a frequency of 4.8GHz in the left-hand circular polarization state;
FIG. 11 is a radiation pattern of main polarization and cross polarization in different operating states at a frequency of 4.8GHz in the right-hand circular polarization state;
fig. 12 shows return loss of a polarization and beam reconfigurable patch array antenna based on geometric phase preset technology in different working states;
fig. 13 is a graph showing the relationship between the gain in the maximum radiation direction and the frequency of a polarization and beam reconfigurable patch array antenna based on a geometric phase preset technology provided by the invention under different working states;
fig. 14 is a graph showing the axial ratio of the polarization and beam reconfigurable patch array antenna based on the geometric phase preset technology according to the present invention along with the change of frequency in different working states.
The result shows that the array antenna can reconstruct polarization and array wave beams independently, greatly widens the comprehensive axial ratio bandwidth of the array, improves the circular polarization purity and has excellent antenna performance.
It should be noted that the term "comprises," "comprising," or any other variation thereof is intended to cover a non-exclusive inclusion, such that a process, method, article, or apparatus that comprises a list of elements does not include only those elements but may include other elements not expressly listed or inherent to such process, method, article, or apparatus. Without further limitation, an element defined by the phrase "comprising one … …" does not exclude the presence of other like elements in a process, method, article, or apparatus that comprises the element.
Although embodiments of the present invention have been shown and described, it will be understood by those skilled in the art that various changes, modifications, substitutions and alterations can be made therein without departing from the principles and spirit of the invention, the scope of which is defined in the appended claims and their equivalents.
Claims (8)
1. The utility model provides a polarization and wave beam reconfigurable paster array antenna of geometric phase preset technique, includes eight unit antennas (5), metallized through-hole (19), truncated rectangular paster (4), microstrip line layer (10), its characterized in that: the microstrip line layer (10) comprises eight single-pole four-throw switches (12) which are in one-to-one correspondence with the unit antennas (5), eight groups of adjustable phase shift networks (14) which are cascaded with the unit antennas (5) and an eight-division equal-amplitude equal-phase power distributor (13);
eight unit antennas (5) are sequentially staggered and rotated for 90 degrees to form a one-dimensional linear array, a metallized through hole (19) sequentially penetrates through a dielectric substrate and a metal grounding layer (2), the penetrating ends of the metallized through holes (19) are respectively connected with four feed ports, a single-pole four-throw switch (12) is connected with the metallized through holes (19), and a metal grounding layer (2) for realizing switch control is connected to the central zero field of the truncated rectangular patch (4) through a metallized blind hole (17).
2. A polarization and beam reconfigurable patch array antenna of a geometric phase preset technique according to claim 1 wherein: still include top layer dielectric substrate (18), drive paster layer (9) and parasitic paster layer (25), just the dielectric substrate includes lower dielectric substrate (1), medium substrate (3), goes up dielectric substrate (6), microstrip line layer (10) set up in the lower surface of lower dielectric substrate (1), just metal ground layer (2) set up in the upper surface of lower dielectric substrate (1), drive paster layer (9) set up the upper surface at last dielectric substrate (6), parasitic paster layer (25) set up in top layer dielectric substrate (18) upper surface, just the interval of parasitic paster layer (25) and drive paster layer (9) is provided with the air bed, eight rectangle parasitic paster (7) of linear arrangement have been loaded on parasitic paster layer (25).
3. A polarization and beam reconfigurable patch array antenna of a geometric phase preset technique according to claim 2 wherein: the four feed ports comprise a first feed port (21), a second feed port (22), a third feed port (23) and a fourth feed port (24), the metallized through holes (19) sequentially penetrate through the lower dielectric substrate (1), the metal grounding layer (2), the dielectric substrate (3) and the upper dielectric substrate (6), circular gaps (20) are etched on the metal grounding layer (2) through the metallized through holes (19), and the single-pole four-throw switch (12) is connected with the first feed port (21), the second feed port (22), the third feed port (23) and the fourth feed port (24) which are in one-to-one correspondence through the metallized through holes (19).
4. A polarization and beam reconfigurable patch array antenna of a geometric phase preset technique according to claim 3 wherein: the unit antenna (5) can realize switching between left-hand circular polarization and right-hand circular polarization by controlling single-pole four-throw switches (12) which are in one-to-one correspondence with four feed ports of the unit antenna (5).
5. The polarization and beam reconfigurable patch array antenna of claim 4, wherein: by etching a circular slot (20) in the metal ground layer (2), it is possible to realize that the metallized through-hole (19) is connected with the single pole four throw switch (12) and four feed ports;
the first power supply port (21) and the third power supply port (23) are in a group, so that left-hand circularly polarized waves can be generated, the second power supply port (22) and the fourth power supply port (24) are in a group, right-hand circularly polarized waves can be generated, and a phase difference of 180 degrees exists between the two opposite power supply ports.
6. The polarization and beam reconfigurable patch array antenna of claim 5, wherein: by controlling the states of the single pole four throw switch (12) and the adjustable phase shift network (14), the unit antenna (5) can be switched between two circular polarization states, and for each circular polarization state, the unit antenna (5) can produce eight phase states;
the metallized blind hole (17) is arranged at the center of the truncated rectangular patch (4), and the metallized blind hole (17) is connected with the metal grounding layer (2).
7. A polarization and beam reconfigurable patch array antenna of a geometric phase preset technique according to claim 2 wherein: the circular polarization states of the left-hand circular polarized wave and the right-hand circular polarized wave can realize seven array beam states with different directions and within a range of +/-45 degrees and a step length of 15 degrees in a plane perpendicular to an array antenna by controlling an adjustable phase shift network (14) and a single-pole four-throw switch (12);
the decoupling of the phases of the electromagnetic waves with the left-hand circular polarization and the right-hand circular polarization can be realized by utilizing the opposite phase response of the left-hand circular polarization and the right-hand circular polarization to the geometric phase and cooperatively controlling the single-pole four-throw switch (12) by rotating the unit antenna (5) in turn in advance;
by controlling the adjustable phase shift network (14), the phase distribution of the cross polarization can be disordered, thereby inhibiting the cross polarization in the radiation direction and further expanding the comprehensive axial ratio bandwidth.
8. A polarization and beam reconfigurable patch array antenna of a geometric phase preset technique according to claim 2 wherein: eight sets of adjustable phase shift networks (14) comprising one 0/45 switchable phase shifter (15) and one 0/90 switchable phase shifter (16);
eight single-pole four-throw switches (12) feed power to the power supply ports through metallized through holes (19), and each single-pole four-throw switch (12) corresponds to four power supply ports of the unit antenna (5) one by one;
the output end of the eight equal-amplitude equal-phase power divider (13) is cascaded with eight groups of adjustable phase shift networks (14), eight single-pole four-throw switches (12) and eight unit antennas (5) through microstrip lines (8), and a direct-current bias network (11) is loaded on a microstrip line layer (10) and used for controlling the single-pole four-throw switches (12) and the adjustable phase shift networks (14).
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