CN113937482A

CN113937482A - Antenna and mobile terminal

Info

Publication number: CN113937482A
Application number: CN202010612452.0A
Authority: CN
Inventors: 向蕾; 洪伟; 吴凡; 余超; 蒋之浩; 徐鑫; 李挺钊; 缑城
Original assignee: Nanjing Ruima Millimeter Wave Terahertz Technology Research Institute Co ltd; Huawei Technologies Co Ltd
Current assignee: Nanjing Ruima Millimeter Wave Terahertz Technology Research Institute Co ltd; Huawei Technologies Co Ltd
Priority date: 2020-06-29
Filing date: 2020-06-29
Publication date: 2022-01-14
Also published as: WO2022002074A1

Abstract

The application provides an antenna and a mobile terminal, wherein the antenna comprises a stacked microstrip line layer, a stratum and a radiation layer, and the stratum is located between the radiation layer and the microstrip line layer. The radiation layer comprises an electric dipole and a feeding unit which are arranged in the same layer. The number of the electric dipoles is four, and the four electric dipoles are arranged at intervals. The feed unit is connected with the microstrip line layer and adopts a differential feed mode to feed the four electric dipoles in a coupling mode. The antenna also comprises a magnetic dipole connected with the ground layer and the four electric dipoles, and the feed unit is also used for feeding the magnetic dipole in a coupling manner. The feed unit and the electric dipole are arranged on the same layer, the whole antenna only needs three metal layers, and the antenna has a good low profile and is convenient for miniaturization development of the antenna. In addition, the antenna adopts an electric dipole and a magnetic dipole to form a magnetoelectric dipole, and simultaneously excites the magnetoelectric dipoles in the x direction and the y direction by using a feeding mode of rotating the microstrip line to be coaxial, so that the dual-polarization performance is realized, and the antenna has good radiation performance.

Description

Antenna and mobile terminal

Technical Field

The present application relates to the field of communications technologies, and in particular, to an antenna and a mobile terminal.

Background

With the development of communication technology, the demand for mobile phone communication is also higher and higher. In a mobile phone, communication of signals of different wave bands such as 2G, 3G, 4G, 5G and the like needs to be realized. Millimeter waves have the advantages of short wavelength, wide frequency spectrum, good directivity and the like, and become one of the core technologies of 5G. In order to achieve a better signal transmission and reception coverage, the mobile phone terminal antenna is required to achieve good radiation performance of dual polarization or multi polarization. However, the mainstream mobile phone terminal is developed towards ultra-thin thickness and full screen, the space reserved for the antenna is more and more limited, and the millimeter wave antenna in the prior art has larger thickness and cannot realize better radiation performance in the limited space in the mobile phone terminal.

Disclosure of Invention

The application provides an antenna and a mobile terminal, aiming at improving the performance of the antenna without additionally increasing signal loss, thereby improving the applicability of the antenna.

In a first aspect, an antenna is provided, which includes a stacked microstrip line layer, a ground layer, and a radiation layer, wherein the ground layer is located between the radiation layer and the microstrip line layer and serves as a common ground for the radiation layer and the microstrip line layer. The radiation layer comprises a two-part structure: an electric dipole and a feeding unit. The number of the electric dipoles is four, the four electric dipoles are arranged at intervals, and the feeding unit adopts a differential feeding mode to feed the four electric dipoles in a coupling mode; the four electric dipoles and the feed unit are arranged on the same layer, and the feed unit is connected with the microstrip line layer. In addition, the antenna also comprises a magnetic dipole connected with the ground layer and the four electric dipoles, and the feeding unit is also used for coupling and feeding the magnetic dipole in a differential feeding mode. In the technical scheme, the feeding unit and the electric dipole are arranged on the same layer, so that the whole antenna can realize the antenna function only by three metal layers, and the antenna has a better low profile and is convenient for the miniaturization development of the antenna. In addition, the antenna adopts an electric dipole and a magnetic dipole to form a magnetoelectric dipole, and simultaneously excites the magnetoelectric dipoles in the x direction and the y direction by using a feeding mode of rotating the microstrip line to be coaxial, so that the dual-polarization performance is realized, and the antenna has good radiation performance.

In a specific embodiment, the feeding unit is a cross-shaped feeding unit, and comprises a first feeding unit and a second feeding unit which are perpendicular to each other;

the first feed unit is provided with two first feed points which are respectively connected with the microstrip line layer; the phase difference of the two first feeding points feeding to the first feeding unit is a set angle;

the second feeding unit is provided with two second feeding points which are respectively connected with the microstrip line layer; the two second feeding points are fed to the second feeding unit with a set angle difference in phase. By the cross-shaped power feeding unit, differential power feeding in the x direction and the y direction is realized.

In a specific embodiment, the two first feeding points are arranged on two sides of the intersection of the first feeding unit and the second feeding unit; and/or; the two second feeding points are arranged on two sides of the intersection of the first feeding unit and the second feeding unit. The effect of differential feed is guaranteed.

In a specific possible embodiment, the set angle is 180 °. So that a current can flow on the first feeding unit and the second feeding unit to excite four electric dipoles and magnetic dipoles connected to the ground layer and the four electric dipoles.

In a specific embodiment, the feeding unit is a cross-shaped metal layer.

In a specific possible embodiment, the microstrip layer comprises two first microstrip lines and two second microstrip lines; the two first microstrip lines are electrically connected with the two first feed points in a one-to-one correspondence manner; the two second microstrip lines are electrically connected with the two second feed points in a one-to-one correspondence manner. Differential feeding is realized.

In a specific embodiment, the feeding unit is connected with the microstrip line layer through an electric conductor; the electrical conductor penetrates the earth formation and is insulated from the earth formation. The feed unit is conveniently connected with the microstrip line layer.

In a specific embodiment, the magnetic dipole comprises a plurality of conductive posts conductively connected to each electric dipole, and a gap defined by the plurality of conductive posts; the conductive columns which are conductively connected with each electric dipole are arranged along the edge of the electric dipole close to the feeding unit. A magnetic dipole is formed by the plurality of conductive posts.

In a specific embodiment, the height of each conductive post is 1/4 times the wavelength corresponding to the operating frequency of the antenna.

In a specific embodiment, each electric dipole is a square metal patch, and each electric dipole has a side length of 1/4 corresponding to the wavelength of the operating frequency of the antenna.

In a specific possible embodiment, the end of the feed unit is located in a gap surrounded by the four radiating elements.

In a specific embodiment, the device further comprises a first dielectric layer and a second dielectric layer which are stacked; the radiation layer and the stratum are respectively arranged on two surfaces opposite to the first medium layer; the microstrip line layer is arranged on one surface of the second medium layer, which is far away from the first medium layer. The dielectric layer is used as a supporting structure of the antenna, so that the metal layer is convenient to arrange.

In a specific embodiment, the first dielectric layer and the second dielectric layer may be joined by adhesive bonding.

In a specific embodiment, the first dielectric layer and the second dielectric layer may be a unitary structure.

In a second aspect, a mobile terminal is provided, which may be a mobile phone, a notebook, or other common mobile terminal. The mobile terminal comprises a radio frequency chip and the antenna of any one of the above items; the novel radio frequency chip is connected with the microstrip line layer. In the technical scheme, the feeding unit and the electric dipole are arranged on the same layer, so that the whole antenna can realize the antenna function only by three metal layers, and the antenna has a better low profile and is convenient for the miniaturization development of the antenna. In addition, the antenna adopts an electric dipole and a magnetic dipole to form a magnetoelectric dipole, and simultaneously excites the magnetoelectric dipoles in the x direction and the y direction by using a feeding mode of rotating the microstrip line to be coaxial, so that the dual-polarization performance is realized, and the antenna has good radiation performance.

Drawings

Fig. 1 is a schematic view of an application scenario of an antenna provided in an embodiment of the present application;

fig. 2 is a schematic perspective view of an antenna provided in an embodiment of the present application;

fig. 3 is a top view of an antenna provided in an embodiment of the present application;

FIG. 4 is a cross-sectional view taken at A-A of FIG. 3;

FIG. 5 is a schematic diagram of the electric field distribution of the antenna at low frequency (28GHz) within the resonant passband;

FIG. 6 is a schematic diagram of the electric field distribution of the antenna at high frequencies (38GHz) within the resonant passband;

fig. 7 is a schematic structural diagram of an antenna module according to an embodiment of the present application;

fig. 8 is a top view of an antenna module according to an embodiment of the present disclosure;

fig. 9 is a schematic structural diagram of a mobile phone according to an embodiment of the present application;

fig. 10 is a schematic diagram of S parameters of an antenna module according to an embodiment of the present application;

FIG. 11 is a graph illustrating gain provided by an embodiment of the present application;

fig. 12 is a schematic diagram of main polarization and cross polarization of an antenna module provided in the embodiment of the present application in the x direction and the y direction at 28 GHz;

fig. 13 is a schematic diagram of main polarization and cross polarization of an antenna module provided in this embodiment at 38GHz in the x direction and the y direction.

Detailed Description

The embodiments of the present application will be further described with reference to the accompanying drawings.

The antenna provided by the embodiment of the application can be applied to a mobile terminal, and the mobile terminal can be a common mobile terminal such as a mobile phone, a tablet computer, a notebook computer and the like, or other known mobile communication equipment. As shown in fig. 1, fig. 1 shows an application scenario in which an antenna is disposed in a mobile phone. When the mobile phone is used for communication, signals of different bands are required, and particularly with the development of 5G signals, the mobile phone needs to be provided with an antenna capable of matching the 5G signals. Millimeter waves have the advantages of short wavelength, wide frequency spectrum, good directivity and the like, and become one of the core technologies of 5G. The millimeter wave antenna 2 is provided inside the housing 1 as shown in fig. 1, and is connected to a circuit board 3 inside the housing 1. The circuit board 3 can transmit signals through the millimeter wave antenna 2, or can receive external signals through the millimeter wave antenna 2. However, the millimeter wave antenna 2 in the prior art is generally large in thickness and cannot match the development of the thinning of the mobile phone, and therefore a light and thin antenna is provided in the embodiment of the application. The antenna 2 provided in the embodiments of the present application will be described in detail below with reference to the specific drawings and embodiments.

Fig. 2 shows a schematic structural diagram of an antenna provided in an embodiment of the present application. For convenience of description, a direction a is defined, which is perpendicular to the plane where the antenna is disposed. The antenna mainly comprises three metal layers which can be divided into the following parts according to the functions: microstrip line layer 40, ground layer 70, and radiating layer 50. The microstrip line layer 40 is used for connecting with a radio frequency chip in a mobile phone, and sending a signal of the radio frequency chip to the radiation layer 50, or receiving a signal transmitted from the radiation layer 50; the ground layer 70 serves as a ground layer 70 common to the microstrip line layer 40 and the radiation layer 50; the radiation layer 50 is used to transmit signals out or receive signals. The microstrip line layer 40, the ground layer 70, and the radiation layer 50 are stacked in the direction a, wherein the microstrip line layer 40 is close to the antenna installation surface, the ground layer 70 is located between the radiation layer 50 and the microstrip line layer 40, and the radiation layer 50 is located on the surface of the ground layer 70 away from the microstrip line layer 40.

In an alternative, the antenna may further include a carrier layer for carrying the above-described layer structure (microstrip line layer 40, ground layer 70 and radiation layer 50). As a specific carrier layer structure illustrated in fig. 2, the carrier layer includes a first dielectric layer 10 and a second dielectric layer 30 which are stacked, and the first dielectric layer 10 and the second dielectric layer 30 are arranged along a direction a to form an antenna by a Substrate Integrated Waveguide (SIW) technology.

The first dielectric layer 10 serves to support the formation 70 and the radiation layer 50: the radiation layer 50 and the ground layer 70 are disposed on opposite surfaces of the first dielectric layer 10. The ground layer 70 is disposed on the side of the first dielectric layer 10 facing the second dielectric layer 30, and the radiation layer 50 is disposed on the surface of the first dielectric layer 10 facing away from the second dielectric layer 30. The ground layer 70 and the radiation layer 50 may be metal layers laid on the first medium layer 10 or a layer structure formed on both surfaces of the first medium layer 10 by evaporation. The formation 70 and the radiation layer 50 are supported by the first dielectric layer 10 as described above, and the arrangement of the formation 70 and the radiation layer 50 is facilitated. The first dielectric layer 10 may be made of different materials, and for example, the first dielectric layer 10 may be made of common insulating materials such as resin, plastic, and glass.

The second dielectric layer 30 is used for carrying a microstrip line layer 40, and the microstrip line layer 40 is arranged on one side of the second dielectric layer 30, which is far away from the first dielectric layer 10. The microstrip line layer 40 may be a metal layer laid on the second dielectric layer 30, or a layer structure formed on one surface of the second dielectric layer 30 by evaporation. The second dielectric layer 30 may be made of different materials, and for example, the second dielectric layer 30 may be made of common insulating materials such as resin, plastic, and glass.

In an alternative, the first dielectric layer 10 and the second dielectric layer 30 may be joined by an adhesive joint. Illustratively, an adhesive may be coated between the first dielectric layer 10 and the second dielectric layer 30, so as to fixedly connect the first dielectric layer 10 and the second dielectric layer 30 by the adhesive. At this time, the adhesive layer 20 is formed between the first dielectric layer 10 and the second dielectric layer 30. Illustratively, the antenna unit comprises three dielectric layers, and the dielectric layers from top to bottom along the direction a sequentially comprise a first dielectric layer 10, a second dielectric layer 30 and an adhesive layer 20 between the first dielectric layer 10 and the second dielectric layer 30. The first dielectric layer 10 is a main dielectric substrate part of the antenna, the plate can be glass fiber, and the height can be 1 mm; the second dielectric layer 30 may be a microstrip line feed layer, the plate may be glass fiber, and the height may be 0.1 mm; the sheet material of the adhesive layer 20 may be glass fiber, and the height may be 0.1 mm. The antenna unit comprises three metal layers from top to bottom, wherein the three metal layers comprise a first metal layer, a second metal layer and a ground layer, the first metal layer and the second metal layer can be a radiation layer 50, the radiation layer 50 and a microstrip line share the ground layer 70, and the bottom metal layer is a microstrip line layer 40.

In an alternative, the first dielectric layer 10 and the second dielectric layer 30 may be a unitary structure. During preparation, the ground layer 70 may be embedded in a dielectric layer (an integral structure formed by the first dielectric layer 10 and the second dielectric layer 30), and then the radiation layer 50 and the microstrip line layer 40 are respectively formed on two opposite surfaces of the dielectric layer.

In an alternative, the first dielectric layer 10 and the second dielectric layer 30 may be integrated. During preparation, the ground layer 70 may be embedded in a dielectric layer (an integral structure formed by the first dielectric layer 10 and the second dielectric layer 30), and then the radiation layer 50 and the microstrip line layer 40 are respectively formed on two opposite surfaces of the dielectric layer.

With reference to fig. 2, the radiation unit of the antenna provided in the embodiment of the present application is a magnetic electric dipole, and the magnetic electric dipole is a magnetic electric dipole capable of implementing dual polarization. The magnetoelectric dipole comprises two layers, one of which is an electric dipole 52 and is arranged on the radiation layer 50; one layer is a magnetic dipole 60 disposed between the electric dipole 52 and the formation 70. When the first medium layer 10 is included, the electric dipole 52 is arranged on the surface of the first medium layer 10, which is far away from the second medium layer 30; the magnetic dipole 60 may be disposed in the first dielectric layer 10, and both ends of the magnetic dipole 60 are electrically connected to the electric dipole 52 and the ground layer 70 one by one.

Referring to fig. 2 and 3 together, fig. 3 shows a top view of the antenna. For convenience of description, a direction x and a direction y are introduced, the direction x and the direction y are perpendicular to each other, and the direction x and the direction y are two directions of the antenna dual polarization. The number of the electric dipoles is four, and the four electric dipoles are used for realizing the polarization of the antenna in the direction x and the direction y. The four electric dipoles are divided into a first electric dipole 521, a second electric dipole 522, a third electric dipole 523 and a fourth electric dipole 524. The four electric dipoles are arranged at intervals, wherein the first electric dipole 521 and the second electric dipole 522 are arranged along the x direction, and the third electric dipole 523 and the fourth electric dipole 524 are arranged along the x direction; the first 521 and third 523 electric dipoles are aligned in the y direction, and the second 522 and fourth 524 electric dipoles are aligned in the y direction. Referring also to fig. 2, the four electric dipoles form a cross-shaped gap that can be used to accommodate the feed element 51.

In an alternative, each electric dipole is a square metal patch. Wherein the side length of each electric dipole is 1/4 of the wavelength corresponding to the antenna working frequency, or is approximately 1/4 of the wavelength corresponding to the antenna working frequency. The above-mentioned wavelengths refer to medium wavelengths, i.e., wavelengths corresponding to waves propagating in a medium.

Referring to fig. 2 and 3 together, magnetic dipoles 60 are also used to achieve polarization of the antenna in directions x and y. The magnetic dipole 60 comprises a plurality of conductive posts 61 conductively connected to each electric dipole. One end of each conductive post 61 is connected to the electric dipole 52, and the other end is connected to the ground layer 70, and the conductive posts 61 conductively connected to each electric dipole 52 are arranged along the edge of the electric dipole 52 close to the gap, which is also the edge of the electric dipole 52 close to the feeding unit 51.

The conductive post 61 of each electric dipole connection is described separately below to illustrate the magnetic dipole 60 as a whole. The edge of the first electric dipole 521 near the aperture is an inverted "L" (taking the top view of fig. 3 where the antenna is placed as an example), and the plurality of conductive pillars 61 are also arranged along the above edge of the first electric dipole 521 to be an inverted "L"; the edge of the second electric dipole 522 close to the gap is in a transverse L shape, and the plurality of conductive posts 61 are arranged in the transverse L shape along the edge of the second electric dipole 522; the edge of the third electric dipole 523 close to the gap is symmetrical to the edge of the first electric dipole 521 close to the gap, so that the shape formed by the plurality of conductive pillars 61 connected to the third electric dipole 523 is symmetrical to the shape formed by the plurality of conductive pillars 61 connected to the first electric dipole 521; the edge of the fourth electric dipole 524 close to the gap is symmetrical to the edge of the second electric dipole 522 close to the gap, so the shape formed by the plurality of conductive pillars 61 connected to the fourth electric dipole 524 is symmetrical to the shape formed by the plurality of conductive pillars 61 connected to the second electric dipole 522.

As can be seen from the above description, in the present embodiment, the magnetic dipoles 60 are also arranged along the gap to form a cross-shaped structure around the gap. The magnetic dipoles described above can also achieve polarization in the x and y directions.

In an alternative, the height of each conductive post 61 is 1/4, or approximately 1/4, of the wavelength corresponding to the operating frequency of the antenna. The above-mentioned wavelengths refer to medium wavelengths, i.e., wavelengths corresponding to waves propagating in a medium. In the embodiment of the present application, the ratio of the size of the gap between adjacent conductive pillars 61 to the size of the diameter of the upper conductive pillar 61 should be less than or equal to 2, or the ratio of the size of the diameter of the conductive pillar 61 to the size of the gap between the upper conductive pillars 61 should be greater than or equal to 0.5, so as to prevent the electromagnetic wave energy from leaking. Illustratively, the ratio of the gap between adjacent conductive posts 61 to the diameter of the conductive posts 61 is: 0.6, 1.2, 1.8, 1.9, etc.

When the conductive post 61 is specifically prepared, a through hole may be opened in the first dielectric layer 10, and then a metal cylinder is inserted into the through hole as the conductive post 61; alternatively, the conductive post 61 may be formed by filling metal into the via hole when the electric dipole is applied. In either case, the conductive post 61 should be electrically connected to the ground layer 70 and the electric dipole 52.

When the feed unit 51 is disposed in the slot, the electric dipole 52 and the feed unit 51 are disposed in the same layer. The feeding unit 51 is disposed in the slot and simultaneously feeds the magnetic dipole 60 and the electric dipole 52. When feeding is implemented, the feeding unit 51 is configured to couple and feed the four electric dipoles 52 and the magnetic dipole 60 in a differential feeding manner.

Referring to fig. 2 and fig. 3, the feeding unit 51 is located in a gap surrounded by the electric dipole 52, and is coupled to the electric dipole 52. When the slot is a cross-shaped slot, the corresponding power feeding unit 51 is also a cross-shaped power feeding unit 51. The feeding unit 51 specifically includes a first feeding unit 511 and a second feeding unit 512 that are perpendicular to each other. The length direction of the first feeding unit 511 is parallel to the x-direction, and the length direction of the second feeding unit 512 is parallel to the y-direction. The first feeding unit 511 is used for realizing feeding polarized in the x direction, and the second feeding unit 512 is used for realizing feeding polarized in the y direction.

Referring to the first feeding unit 511, the first feeding unit 511 is configured to feed the first electric dipole 521, the second electric dipole 522, the third electric dipole 523 and the fourth electric dipole 524, so as to implement polarization of the antenna in the x direction. When differential feeding is implemented, the first feeding unit 511 has two first feeding points Q1, the two first feeding points Q1 are respectively connected to the microstrip line layer 40, and the phases of the two first feeding points Q1 fed to the first feeding unit 511 are different by a set angle. In one specific example, the set angle of the phase difference between the signals fed to the first feeding unit 511 by the two first feeding points Q1 is 180 °. So that the currents fed to the first feeding unit 511 by the two first feeding units 511 can flow along the length direction of the first feeding unit 511 to excite the first electric dipole 521, the second electric dipole 522, the third electric dipole 523 and the fourth electric dipole 524 in the x direction, thereby realizing the polarization of the antenna in the x direction. In an alternative, two first feeding points Q1 are split on both sides of the intersection of first feeding element 511 and second feeding element 512 to ensure that the current flowing on first feeding element 511 can be coupled to the four electric dipoles. Illustratively, two first feeding points Q1 are respectively arranged at two opposite ends of the first feeding unit 511, so that the flowing effect of the current in the first feeding unit 511 can be improved.

The second feeding unit 512 is also used to feed the first electric dipole 521, the second electric dipole 522, the third electric dipole 523 and the fourth electric dipole 524, so as to form polarization of the antenna in the y direction. When differential feeding is implemented, the second feeding unit 512 has two second feeding points Q2, the two second feeding points Q2 are respectively connected to the microstrip line layer 40, and the phases of the two second feeding points Q2 fed to the second feeding unit 512 are different by a set angle. In a specific example, the set angle of the phase difference between the signals fed to the second feeding unit 512 by the two second feeding points Q2 is 180 °. So that the current fed to the second feeding unit 512 by the two second feeding elements 512 can flow along the length direction of the second feeding unit 512 to excite the first electric dipole 521, the second electric dipole 522, the third electric dipole 523 and the fourth electric dipole 524 in the y direction. Polarization of the antenna in the y-direction is achieved. In an alternative, two second feeding points Q2 are split on both sides of the intersection of first feeding element 511 and second feeding element 512 to ensure that the current flowing on second feeding element 512 can be coupled to the four electric dipoles. Illustratively, two second feeding points Q2 are respectively arranged at two opposite ends of the second feeding unit 512, so that the flowing effect of the current in the second feeding unit 512 can be improved.

Referring to fig. 2 and 3 together, the magnetic dipole 60 is also used to implement polarization of the antenna in the directions x and y, and the feeding unit 51 is also used to couple and feed the magnetic dipole 60 by using differential feeding. Therefore, the feed mode is used for simultaneously exciting the magnetoelectric dipoles in the x direction and the y direction, so that the dual-polarization performance is realized, and the antenna has good radiation performance.

In the specific preparation of the above-mentioned feeding unit 51, the feeding unit 51 may be a cross-shaped metal layer, and the specific preparation method thereof may be the same as that of the electric dipole 52. The first feeding unit 511 and the second feeding unit 512 are merely provided to divide the structure of the feeding unit for convenience of description, and the feeding unit 51 provided in the embodiment of the present application is an integral structure. Thereby facilitating the arrangement of the feeding unit 51 and also simplifying the structure of the feeding unit.

In an alternative scheme, the end of the feeding unit 51 is located in a gap surrounded by four radiating units, so that the feeding effect of the feeding unit 51 on the electric dipole 52 can be ensured, and the influence of an overlong feeding unit 51 on an adjacent antenna when multiple antenna units are arranged can be avoided.

As can be seen from the above description with continued reference to fig. 3, when feeding the first and

second feeding units

511 and 512, signals of different phases need to be transmitted at the two first feeding points Q1 and the two second feeding points Q2, so that the microstrip line layer 40 may be connected to the feeding points through different microstrip lines. In the embodiment of the present application, the feeding layer is provided with four microstrip lines, and the four microstrip lines are used for being electrically connected with the four feeding points (two first feeding points Q1 and two second feeding points Q2) in a one-to-one correspondence. The four microstrip lines are used for transmitting signals with different phases to the four feeding points.

In an alternative scheme, four microstrip lines are arranged in a cross shape, and for convenience of description, the microstrip lines are divided, and each microstrip layer includes two first microstrip lines 41 and two second microstrip lines 42; the two first microstrip lines 41 are arranged along the x direction, and the length direction of the two first microstrip lines 41 is along the x direction; the two first microstrip lines 41 are electrically connected to the two first feeding points Q1 in a one-to-one correspondence manner. The two second microstrip lines 42 are arranged along the y direction, and the length direction of the two second microstrip lines 42 is along the y direction; the two second microstrip lines 42 are electrically connected to the two second feeding points Q2 in a one-to-one correspondence manner. When the mode is adopted for setting, arrangement among the microstrip lines is facilitated, and meanwhile connection between the microstrip lines and the feed points is facilitated.

Referring also to fig. 4, fig. 4 shows a cross-sectional view at a-a in fig. 3. Reference may be made to fig. 2 and 3 for some of the reference numerals in fig. 4. The antenna includes a second dielectric layer 30, an adhesive layer 20, and a first dielectric layer 10 arranged in a direction a. The first dielectric layer 10 is fixedly connected to the second dielectric layer 30 through the adhesive layer 20.

The surface of the first dielectric layer 10 facing away from the second dielectric layer 30 is provided with a microstrip line layer 40, the surface of the first dielectric layer 10 facing towards the second dielectric layer 30 is provided with a ground layer 70, and the surface of the first dielectric layer 10 facing away from the second dielectric layer 30 is provided with a radiation layer 50 (comprising an electric dipole and a feed unit). The first dielectric layer 10 is provided with a plurality of magnetic dipoles formed by the conductive posts 61, and two ends of the conductive posts 61 are electrically connected with the electric dipoles and the ground in a one-to-one correspondence manner. When the ground layer 70 is provided with the first dielectric layer 10, the conductive column 61 is conveniently electrically connected with the electric dipole and the ground layer 70, and the conductive column 61 is only required to be arranged in the first dielectric layer 10, so that the preparation of the conductive column 61 and the connection with the electric dipole and the ground layer 70 are convenient.

When the microstrip line is connected with the feed unit, the feed unit is connected with the microstrip line layer 40 through the conductor 80; the electrical conductor 80 penetrates the formation 70 and is insulated from the formation 70. Take two first feeding units 511 shown in fig. 4 as an example. The first feeding unit 511 may be connected to the first microstrip line 41 through the first conductor 80. The electrical conductor 80 may take different forms.

Illustratively, the conductive body 80 may be a metalized via, and through holes may be formed in the first dielectric layer 10, the adhesive layer 20, and the second dielectric layer 30, and a metalized via is formed on a sidewall of the metalized via, and two ends of the metalized via are connected to the first microstrip line 41 and the first feeding unit 511, respectively. In order to ensure the insulation effect between the ground layer 70 and the electric conductor 80, a through hole for the electric conductor 80 to pass through is arranged on the ground layer 70, and the electric conductor 80 is nested in the through hole and insulated from the ground layer 70. The conductor 80 may also be a solid metal post, and may be connected to the microstrip line layer 40 at a conductive convenient feed element. Through holes can be formed in the first dielectric layer 10, the adhesive layer 20 and the second dielectric layer 30, and then metal cylinders are inserted into the through holes to serve as the electric conductors 80; alternatively, the conductor 80 may be formed by filling metal into the through hole when the first power feeding unit 511 is laid. In any of the above-described embodiments, the electrical connection between the conductor 80 and the first microstrip line 41 and the first power feeding unit 511 may be ensured. Similarly, the second microstrip line 42 and the second power feeding unit 512 are also conductively connected by the conductor 80.

As can be seen from the above description, in the antenna provided in the embodiment of the present application, the feeding unit and the electric dipole are disposed on the same layer, so that the whole antenna only needs three metal layers to realize the antenna function, and the antenna has a better low profile, thereby facilitating the miniaturization development of the antenna. In addition, the antenna adopts an electric dipole and a magnetic dipole to form a magnetoelectric dipole, and simultaneously excites the magnetoelectric dipoles in the x direction and the y direction by using a feeding mode of rotating the microstrip line to be coaxial, so that the dual-polarization performance is realized, and the antenna has good radiation performance. In addition, a differential signal pair is provided to realize the performance of low coupling by combining a Substrate Integrated Waveguide (SIW) technology and a differential feed technology (DF), and a feed mode of rotating microstrip lines to be coaxial is used for exciting the magnetic-Electric Dipole (MEDA) in the x direction and the y direction simultaneously, so that the performance of dual polarization is also favorable for being integrated with a chip.

To facilitate understanding of the performance of the antenna provided by the embodiments of the present application, reference is made to the simulation diagrams shown in fig. 5 and 6. Fig. 5 shows the electric field distribution of the antenna at low frequency (28GHz) within the resonance pass band, and the electric field shown in fig. 5 is distributed on both the metal patch and the radiating slot (the slot surrounded by the magnetic dipole 60), and it can be seen that the low frequency band resonance point is generated by the combined action of the electric dipole 52 and the magnetic dipole 60. Fig. 6 shows the electric field distribution of the antenna at high frequencies (38GHz) within the resonance pass band, and the electric field of the high frequency band shown in fig. 6 is mainly distributed on the radiation slot (the slot surrounded by the magnetic dipoles 60), and it can be seen that the resonance point of the high frequency band of the antenna is mainly dominated by the magnetic dipoles 60. The antenna has a good frequency bandwidth.

The embodiment of the application also provides an antenna module, and the antenna module can comprise a plurality of antennas. As shown in fig. 7, the antenna module includes multiple antennas 100, and the multiple antennas 100 are arranged in a single row. At this time, the antenna 100 may share the first dielectric layer, the adhesive layer, and the second dielectric layer. Of course, in the embodiment of the present application, the arrangement of the antennas is not particularly limited. The plurality of antennas 100 may also be arranged in other ways depending on the space within the mobile terminal.

Fig. 8 shows a top view of the antennas arranged in a single row. As can be seen from fig. 8, the plurality of antennas 100 are arranged in a single row in the direction y and in a single row in the direction x. Thereby polarization in the x and y directions can be formed.

Fig. 7 and 8 illustrate a case where the antenna module includes 4 antennas, but the number of antennas in the antenna module is not particularly limited in the embodiment of the present application, and different numbers of antennas may be set according to actual needs.

The embodiment of the application further provides a mobile terminal, which can be a mobile phone with light and thin thickness, a full-screen mobile phone, or other terminals (such as a tablet computer, a notebook computer, a smart watch, etc.) using mobile communication or wireless communication functions. Systems to which the antenna may be applied include, but are not limited to: 5G millimeter wave system, IEEE802.11. ad (60GHz WiGig), IEEE802.11.aj (45GHz Q-Link-Pan), or other high frequency mobile, wireless communication systems.

Fig. 9 shows a schematic diagram of the antenna proposed in the present application when applied to a handset. The mobile phone includes a main board 400, and antenna modules disposed in a housing 200 of the mobile phone, for example, taking the number of the antenna modules as 3, which are respectively a first antenna module 101, a second antenna module 102, and a third antenna module 103, where the first antenna module 101, the second antenna module 102, and the third antenna module 103 are disposed on three sides of the mobile phone, namely, the left side, the upper side, and the right side (taking the placement direction of the mobile phone in fig. 9 as a reference direction), so as to achieve wider coverage. The mobile phone may further include three millimeter wave phased array chips RFIC corresponding to the three

antenna modules

101, 102, and 103, which are respectively named as a first radio frequency chip 301, a second radio frequency chip 302, and a third radio frequency chip 303, where the three radio frequency chips are respectively soldered on the three antenna modules, and each radio frequency chip may be connected to the microstrip line layer 40 on the corresponding antenna module. For example, the first rf chip 301 is connected to the microstrip line layer 40 of the first antenna module 101, the second rf chip 302 is connected to the microstrip line layer 40 of the second antenna module 102, and the third rf chip 303 is connected to the microstrip line layer 40 of the third antenna module 103. During specific assembly, the radio frequency chip is installed on the bottom surface of the antenna module through flip-chip bonding or reflow soldering, the top surface of the antenna module is tightly attached to the inner side surface of the metal frame of the mobile phone, and necessary elements (such as decoupling capacitors, filters and the like) need to be welded on the back surface of the antenna module, so that the transceiver of the radio frequency chip can work well.

The three radio frequency chips are connected with the main board 400 through the flexible board signal lines, respectively. As shown in fig. 9, the first rf chip 301 is connected to the motherboard 400 through a first flexible printed circuit board signal line 501, the second rf chip 302 is connected to the motherboard 400 through a second flexible printed circuit board signal line 502, and the third rf chip 303 is connected to the motherboard 400 through a third flexible printed circuit board signal line 503. So that signals are transferred from the main board 400 to each antenna module through the flexible board signal lines. Digital control signals such as radio frequency signals (or intermediate frequency signals, local oscillator signals) are transmitted from the main board 400 to the antenna module through the flexible board signal lines.

In an alternative, the positions of the three antenna modules are not limited to the specific positions shown in fig. 9, and the corresponding positions for placing the antenna modules may be determined according to the coverage requirement. However, when the antenna module is specifically installed, the position of the antenna module should avoid the influence of holding by hand as much as possible, so as to reduce the influence of human body on the communication effect of the antenna module.

In an optional scheme, the number of the antenna modules is not limited to 3, and the number can be determined according to the covering requirement; illustratively, the number of the antenna modules can also be one, two, four, etc.

In an optional scheme, the radio frequency chips such as the first radio frequency chip 301, the second radio frequency chip 302, and the third radio frequency chip 303 may be bare chips without package, or chips with package.

In an optional scheme, the connection modes of the radio frequency chips such as the first radio frequency chip 301, the second radio frequency chip 302, the third radio frequency chip 303, and the like and the main board 400 are not limited to the flexible board signal line, and other common connection structures such as a printed circuit board, a flexible signal line, and the like may also be adopted.

In an optional scheme, when each antenna module is connected to the corresponding radio frequency chip, the connection mode is not limited to flip chip or reflow soldering.

In order to facilitate understanding of the performance of the mobile terminal, the communication effect of the mobile terminal is simulated. As shown in fig. 10, the bandwidth of the antenna module in this embodiment is 27.53-44.29GHz (46.7%), the isolation between the antenna and the antenna in the antenna module is better than 14dB, and the isolation in each antenna unit is better than 46 dB. As shown in fig. 11, the gain-controlled filter has a relatively flat gain variation curve (11.5-12.8dBi) in the pass band, and has good performance of stable radiation. Fig. 12 shows the main polarization and cross polarization in the x direction and y direction at 28GHz, and fig. 13 shows the main polarization and cross polarization in the x direction and y direction at 38GHz, and it can be observed from fig. 12 and 13 that xoz plane and yoz plane patterns polarized in both directions at 28GHz and 38GHz are more stable and symmetrical, and the cross polarization is lower.

It can be seen from the above description that the feeding unit and the electric dipole are arranged on the same layer, so that the whole antenna can realize the antenna function only by three metal layers, and the antenna has a better low profile and is convenient for the miniaturization development of the antenna. In addition, the antenna adopts an electric dipole and a magnetic dipole to form a magnetoelectric dipole, and simultaneously excites the magnetoelectric dipoles in the x direction and the y direction by using a feeding mode of rotating the microstrip line to be coaxial, so that the dual-polarization performance is realized, and the antenna has good radiation performance. Meanwhile, the mobile terminal is convenient to arrange in the mobile terminal, and the miniaturization and thinning development of the mobile terminal are facilitated.

It will be apparent to those skilled in the art that various changes and modifications may be made in the present application without departing from the spirit and scope of the application. Thus, if such modifications and variations of the present application fall within the scope of the claims of the present application and their equivalents, the present application is intended to include such modifications and variations as well.

Claims

1. An antenna, comprising: the microstrip line layer, the ground layer and the radiation layer are stacked; wherein the ground layer is located between the radiating layer and the microstrip line layer;

the radiation layer includes: the four electric dipoles are arranged at intervals, and the feeding unit is used for coupling feeding of the four electric dipoles in a differential feeding mode; the four electric dipoles and the feed unit are arranged on the same layer, and the feed unit is connected with the microstrip line layer;

and the feed unit is also used for coupling and feeding the magnetic dipoles in a differential feed mode.

2. The antenna of claim 1, wherein the feeding element is a cross-shaped feeding element including a first feeding element and a second feeding element perpendicular to each other;

the second feeding unit is provided with two second feeding points which are respectively connected with the microstrip line layer; the two second feeding points are fed to the second feeding unit with a set angle difference in phase.

3. The antenna of claim 2, wherein the two first feed points are split on either side of a cross point of the first feed element and the second feed element; and/or;

the two second feeding points are arranged on two sides of the intersection of the first feeding unit and the second feeding unit.

4. An antenna according to claim 2 or 3, wherein the set angle is 180 °.

5. An antenna according to any of claims 2 to 4, wherein the microstrip layer comprises two first microstrip lines and two second microstrip lines; wherein,

the two first microstrip lines are electrically connected with the two first feed points in a one-to-one correspondence manner;

the two second microstrip lines are electrically connected with the two second feed points in a one-to-one correspondence manner.

6. The antenna according to any one of claims 1 to 5, wherein the feed unit is connected to the microstrip line layer through an electrical conductor;

the electrical conductor penetrates the earth formation and is insulated from the earth formation.

7. The antenna of any of claims 1-6, wherein the magnetic dipole comprises a plurality of conductive posts conductively coupled to each of the electric dipoles, and a gap defined by the plurality of conductive posts;

the conductive columns which are conductively connected with each electric dipole are arranged along the edge of the electric dipole close to the feeding unit.

8. The antenna of claim 7, wherein each conductive post has a height of 1/4 a wavelength corresponding to an operating frequency of the antenna.

9. An antenna as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 8, wherein each electric dipole is a square metal patch and each electric dipole has a side length of 1/4 corresponding to the wavelength of the operating frequency of the antenna.

10. The antenna according to any one of claims 1 to 9, wherein an end of the feed element is located in a slot enclosed by the four radiating elements.

11. The antenna according to any one of claims 1 to 10, further comprising a first dielectric layer and a second dielectric layer which are laminated;

the radiation layer and the stratum are respectively arranged on two surfaces opposite to the first medium layer;

the microstrip line layer is arranged on one surface of the second medium layer, which is far away from the first medium layer.

12. The antenna of claim 11, wherein the first dielectric layer and the second dielectric layer are adhesively connected.

13. A mobile terminal, characterized in that it comprises a radio frequency chip and an antenna according to any one of claims 1 to 12; the novel radio frequency chip is connected with the microstrip line layer.