CN116557147B - Plasma detonation device, rotary detonation engine and detonation method - Google Patents
Plasma detonation device, rotary detonation engine and detonation method Download PDFInfo
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- CN116557147B CN116557147B CN202310835902.6A CN202310835902A CN116557147B CN 116557147 B CN116557147 B CN 116557147B CN 202310835902 A CN202310835902 A CN 202310835902A CN 116557147 B CN116557147 B CN 116557147B
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- 238000005474 detonation Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 86
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 11
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- 238000009792 diffusion process Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- 239000012212 insulator Substances 0.000 claims description 39
- 230000000977 initiatory effect Effects 0.000 claims description 27
- 238000002485 combustion reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 21
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims description 14
- 238000002347 injection Methods 0.000 claims description 11
- 239000007924 injection Substances 0.000 claims description 11
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- 238000011144 upstream manufacturing Methods 0.000 abstract description 2
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 18
- 239000003921 oil Substances 0.000 description 15
- 239000000446 fuel Substances 0.000 description 13
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000000295 fuel oil Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000007921 spray Substances 0.000 description 3
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000002679 ablation Methods 0.000 description 2
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- 125000004435 hydrogen atom Chemical class [H]* 0.000 description 2
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Classifications
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
- F02C—GAS-TURBINE PLANTS; AIR INTAKES FOR JET-PROPULSION PLANTS; CONTROLLING FUEL SUPPLY IN AIR-BREATHING JET-PROPULSION PLANTS
- F02C7/00—Features, components parts, details or accessories, not provided for in, or of interest apart form groups F02C1/00 - F02C6/00; Air intakes for jet-propulsion plants
- F02C7/26—Starting; Ignition
- F02C7/264—Ignition
- F02C7/266—Electric
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
- F02K—JET-PROPULSION PLANTS
- F02K7/00—Plants in which the working fluid is used in a jet only, i.e. the plants not having a turbine or other engine driving a compressor or a ducted fan; Control thereof
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- Physical Or Chemical Processes And Apparatus (AREA)
- Spark Plugs (AREA)
Abstract
The invention provides a plasma detonation device, a rotary detonation engine and a detonation method, which relate to the technical field of rotary detonation engines, and adopt an ion detonation device with a middle electrode with higher conductivity, and air among a positive electrode discharge part, a middle electrode action part and a negative electrode discharge part is sequentially broken down during detonation, so that a discharge channel is established, plasma excitation is formed, the discharge efficiency is improved, more energy is used for ignition detonation, and the detonation success rate is improved. The guide piece is arranged at the upstream of the propagation position of the detonation wave so as to form a wake area at the downstream of the guide piece, thereby improving the oil-gas mixing degree, forming on-duty flame and reducing the extinction probability of the rotary detonation wave. And the detonation device is arranged at the downstream of the diffusion section of the rotary detonation engine, so that ignition in a backflow area is realized, the propagation difficulty of detonation waves is reduced, and the propagation stability of the detonation waves is improved.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of rotary detonation engines, in particular to a plasma detonation device, a rotary detonation engine and a detonation method.
Background
In the past rotary detonation engine, a pre-detonation tube, a thermal jet and other modes are generally adopted for detonation, so that high-activity gases such as hydrogen, oxygen and the like are required to be used as fuel and combustion improver, the structure of a gas supply system is complex, the difficulty of integration on the engine is increased, and the detonation structure is complex and has larger size. Since the known technical theory is focused on the use of highly reactive gases as fuel and combustion improver, alternative fuels leading to rotary knock engines exclude the feasibility of fuel in conventional technical wisdom.
In addition, the detonation difficulty of the oil-gas mixture is high, the working condition requirement of the rotary detonation engine is difficult to meet, and the fuel oil and the air are difficult to fully mix in a small space, so that the difficulty of forming rotary detonation waves is further increased, and therefore, how to successfully detonate the detonation engine by using the fuel oil as the fuel becomes a technical problem to be solved.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a plasma detonation device, a rotary detonation engine and a detonation method, so as to solve the technical problems of low discharge efficiency and low detonation success rate of the plasma detonation device.
In a first aspect, the present invention provides a plasma initiation device, comprising: a positive electrode, a negative electrode, an intermediate electrode, and an insulator;
the resistivity of both the positive electrode and the negative electrode is greater than the resistivity of the intermediate electrode;
the positive electrode, the negative electrode and the intermediate electrode are respectively embedded in the insulator, and the positive electrode, the negative electrode and the intermediate electrode are exposed from one end of the insulator;
the positive electrode is exposed out of the insulator to form a positive electrode discharge part, the negative electrode is exposed out of the insulator to form a negative electrode discharge part, and the intermediate electrode is exposed out of the insulator to form an intermediate electrode action part;
the distance between the positive electrode discharge part and the intermediate electrode action part and the distance between the negative electrode discharge part and the intermediate electrode action part are smaller than the distance between the positive electrode and the negative electrode.
With reference to the first aspect, the present invention provides a first possible implementation manner of the first aspect, wherein the positive electrode discharge portion, the negative electrode discharge portion, and the intermediate electrode acting portion are all flush with an end surface of the insulator.
With reference to the first aspect, the present invention provides a second possible implementation manner of the first aspect, wherein the intermediate electrode includes: the first polar arm, the second polar arm and the conducting part;
one end of the conducting part is connected with the first polar arm, and the other end of the conducting part is connected with the second polar arm;
the first polar arm, the second polar arm and the conducting part are all embedded into the insulator;
the intermediate electrode action portion includes: the first exposed end face and the second exposed end face are arranged at intervals, the first polar arm is exposed out of the insulator to form the first exposed end face, and the second polar arm is exposed out of the insulator to form the second exposed end face.
With reference to the second possible implementation manner of the first aspect, the present invention provides a third possible implementation manner of the first aspect, wherein a distance between the first exposed end surface and the positive electrode discharge portion is a distance between the positive electrode discharge portion and the intermediate electrode action portion, and a distance between the second exposed end surface and the negative electrode discharge portion is a distance between the negative electrode discharge portion and the intermediate electrode action portion;
the distance between the first exposed end face and the positive electrode discharge part and the distance between the second exposed end face and the negative electrode discharge part are both 1-3 mm.
In a second aspect, the present invention provides a rotary knock engine comprising: an inner cylinder, an outer cylinder, and the plasma initiation device according to the first aspect;
the outer cylinder is coaxial with the inner cylinder, the outer cylinder is sleeved outside the inner cylinder, and a combustion chamber is formed between the outer cylinder and the inner cylinder;
the plasma initiation device is connected to the outer cylinder, and the positive electrode discharge part, the negative electrode discharge part and the intermediate electrode action part are all exposed in the combustion chamber.
With reference to the second aspect, the present invention provides a first possible implementation manner of the second aspect, wherein the outer cylinder includes: the diffuser and the outer barrel are coaxial and connected;
the inner diameter of the diffusion section increases gradually from one end deviating from the straight section of the outer cylinder to one end connecting the straight section of the outer cylinder;
the plasma initiation device is connected to the straight section such as the outer cylinder.
With reference to the first possible implementation manner of the second aspect, the present invention provides a second possible implementation manner of the second aspect, wherein the inner cylinder is provided with a plurality of oil injection holes, the plurality of oil injection holes are arranged at intervals along the circumferential direction of the inner cylinder, and the plurality of oil injection holes are all oriented towards the diffuser section.
With reference to the first possible implementation manner of the second aspect, the present invention provides a third possible implementation manner of the second aspect, wherein the inner cylinder and/or the outer cylinder is/are connected with a flow guiding member;
the flow guide piece and the plasma detonation device are sequentially arranged along the air inlet direction, and one end of the flow guide piece, which is away from the plasma detonation device, forms a tip.
With reference to the second aspect, the present invention provides a fourth possible implementation manner of the second aspect, wherein the flow guiding member includes: a first swash plate portion and a second swash plate portion;
the first inclined plate part is connected with the second inclined plate part and forms an included angle of 35-55 degrees, and the joint of the first inclined plate part and the second inclined plate part forms the tip part;
the tip portion is provided with a ridge line extending along the radial direction of the inner cylinder, and a plane formed by the ridge line and the axis of the inner cylinder is used for dividing an included angle between the first inclined plate portion and the second inclined plate portion.
In a third aspect, the present invention provides a detonation method, which uses the plasma detonation device described in the first aspect, and includes the following steps:
continuously injecting oil into the combustion chamber, and introducing air to form an oil-gas mixture;
and applying 3-10 kV voltage to the positive electrode and the negative electrode for 100-500 ms so as to realize the detonation of the oil-gas mixture in the combustion chamber.
The embodiment of the invention has the following beneficial effects:
the positive electrode, the negative electrode and the intermediate electrode are respectively embedded into the insulator, the positive electrode, the negative electrode and the intermediate electrode are exposed from one end of the insulator, the positive electrode is exposed outside the insulator to form a positive electrode discharge part, the negative electrode is exposed outside the insulator to form a negative electrode discharge part, the intermediate electrode is exposed outside the insulator to form an intermediate electrode action part, the resistivity of the positive electrode and the negative electrode is larger than that of the intermediate electrode, the spacing between the positive electrode discharge part and the intermediate electrode action part and the spacing between the negative electrode discharge part and the intermediate electrode action part are smaller than that between the positive electrode and the negative electrode, the problems of low discharge success rate and low discharge efficiency caused by arc formation between the positive electrode and the negative electrode can be avoided, and air among the positive electrode discharge part, the intermediate electrode action part and the negative electrode discharge part is sequentially broken down during detonation, so that a discharge channel is established, plasma excitation is formed, the discharge efficiency is improved, more energy is used for ignition detonation, and the detonation success rate is improved.
In the rotary detonation engine using the plasma detonation device, the plasma detonation device is arranged at the downstream of the diffusion section, high-speed airflow enters the diffusion section from the air inlet end, and because the flow channel is suddenly expanded, the airflow forms a low-speed backflow area in the diffusion section, fuel and air in the backflow area are more uniformly mixed, the plasma detonation device ignites in the backflow area, the detonation wave propagation difficulty is reduced, and the detonation wave propagation stability is improved.
In addition, the guide piece of the rotary detonation engine is arranged at the upstream of the detonation wave propagation position, and the airflow forms a wake area after passing through the guide piece, and the wake area has gas vortexes with various dimensions, so that the mixing of fuel oil and air is further enhanced. The airflow speed in the wake area is low, so that on-duty flame is formed in the wake area, the probability of extinction of the rotary detonation wave is reduced, and the environmental adaptability of the rotary detonation engine is enhanced.
In order to make the above objects, features and advantages of the present invention more comprehensible, preferred embodiments accompanied with figures are described in detail below.
Drawings
In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present invention or the technical solutions in the related art, the drawings that are required to be used in the description of the embodiments or the related art will be briefly described, and it is apparent that the drawings in the description below are some embodiments of the present invention, and other drawings may be obtained according to the drawings without inventive effort for those skilled in the art.
FIG. 1 is a cross-sectional view of a plasma initiation device provided by an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of a plasma initiation device according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a bottom view of a plasma initiation apparatus according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram of an intermediate electrode of a plasma initiation device according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 5 is a cross-sectional view of a rotary knock engine provided by an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 6 is a cross-sectional view of an outer barrel of a rotary knock engine provided by an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 7 is a schematic illustration I of an inner barrel, a deflector, a first support, and a second support of a rotary detonation engine provided by an embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 8 is a schematic diagram II of an inner cylinder, a flow guiding member, a first supporting member and a second supporting member of the rotary detonation engine according to the embodiment of the present invention.
Icon: 001-positive electrode; 110-positive electrode discharge portion; 002-negative electrode; 210-a negative electrode discharge portion; 003-intermediate electrode; 301-a first polar arm; 302-a second polar arm; 303-a conducting part; 310-an intermediate electrode action part; 311-a first exposed end face; 312-a second exposed end face; 004-insulator; 401-end face; 005-a housing; 006-inner barrel; 601-an oil injection hole; 610-straight sections of the inner cylinder; 620-a first inner flange; 630-a second inner flange; 007-an outer cylinder; 701-diffuser section; 702-straight sections such as an outer cylinder; 703-a first outer flange; 704-a second outer flange; 705-a neck section; 008-a combustion chamber; 009-a baffle; 901-tip; 902-ridge lines; 910-a first swash plate portion; 920-a second swash plate portion; 010-a first support; 011-a second support.
Detailed Description
The following description of the embodiments of the present invention will be made apparent and fully in view of the accompanying drawings, in which some, but not all embodiments of the invention are shown. All other embodiments, which can be made by those skilled in the art based on the embodiments of the invention without making any inventive effort, are intended to be within the scope of the invention.
In the description of the present invention, it should be noted that the directions or positional relationships indicated by the terms "center", "upper", "lower", "left", "right", "vertical", "horizontal", "inner", "outer", etc. are based on the directions or positional relationships shown in the drawings, are merely for convenience of describing the present invention and simplifying the description, and do not indicate or imply that the devices or elements referred to must have a specific orientation, be configured and operated in a specific orientation, and thus should not be construed as limiting the present invention. Furthermore, the terms "first," "second," and "third" are used for descriptive purposes only and are not to be construed as indicating or implying relative importance. Physical quantities in the formulas, unless otherwise noted, are understood to be basic quantities of basic units of the international system of units, or derived quantities derived from the basic quantities by mathematical operations such as multiplication, division, differentiation, or integration.
In the description of the present invention, it should be noted that, unless explicitly specified and limited otherwise, the terms "mounted," "connected," and "connected" are to be construed broadly, and may be either fixedly connected, detachably connected, or integrally connected, for example; can be mechanically or electrically connected; can be directly connected or indirectly connected through an intermediate medium, and can be communication between two elements. The specific meaning of the above terms in the present invention will be understood in specific cases by those of ordinary skill in the art.
As shown in fig. 1, 2 and 3, a plasma initiation device provided in an embodiment of the present invention includes: a positive electrode 001, a negative electrode 002, an intermediate electrode 003, and an insulator 004; the resistivity of both the positive electrode 001 and the negative electrode 002 is greater than that of the intermediate electrode 003; the positive electrode 001, the negative electrode 002 and the intermediate electrode 003 are respectively embedded in the insulator 004, and the positive electrode 001, the negative electrode 002 and the intermediate electrode 003 are exposed from one end of the insulator 004; positive electrode 001 is exposed to the outside of insulator 004 to form positive electrode discharge portion 110, negative electrode 002 is exposed to the outside of insulator 004 to form negative electrode discharge portion 210, and intermediate electrode 003 is exposed to the outside of insulator 004 to form intermediate electrode working portion 310; the pitch between the positive electrode discharge portion 110 and the intermediate electrode working portion 310 and the pitch between the negative electrode discharge portion 210 and the intermediate electrode working portion 310 are smaller than the pitch between the positive electrode 001 and the negative electrode 002.
Specifically, the resistivity of the positive electrode 001 and the negative electrode 002 is larger than that of the intermediate electrode 003, in other words, the conductivity of the intermediate electrode 003 is higher than that of the positive electrode 001 and the negative electrode 002, the positive electrode 001 and the negative electrode 002 are preferably copper electrodes, the intermediate electrode 003 is preferably graphite electrodes, the insulator 004 is preferably ceramic, and the interval s between the positive electrode discharge portion 110 and the intermediate electrode action portion 310 is preferably equal to that of the intermediate electrode 1 And a spacing s between the negative electrode discharge portion 210 and the intermediate electrode working portion 310 2 Are smaller than the distance L between the positive electrode 001 and the negative electrode 002, so that the problems of low discharge success rate and low discharge efficiency caused by the direct formation of an arc between the positive electrode 001 and the negative electrode 002 can be avoided. In addition, the graphite electrode has stable chemical property and strong oxidation ablation resistance, and can avoid oxidation ablation caused by repeated use of the plasma initiation device, thereby ensuring the stability of the initiation performance of the plasma initiation device.
In the embodiment of the present invention, the positive electrode discharge portion 110, the negative electrode discharge portion 210, and the intermediate electrode working portion 310 are all flush with the end face 401 of the insulator 004.
Specifically, the air between the positive electrode discharge part 110, the middle electrode action part 310 and the negative electrode discharge part 210 is sequentially broken down, the electric arc and plasma excitation formed by electrode discharge can be in direct contact with the gas-oil mixture, the generation of the plasma excitation and the rapid propagation space are increased, the problem of limited propagation of plasma shock waves caused by the discharge in the cavity is avoided, the detonation time is shortened, and the detonation success rate is improved.
In addition, a shell 005 can be sleeved outside the insulator 004, so that the plasma initiation device can be protected.
As shown in fig. 2, 3, and 4, the intermediate electrode 003 includes: a first polar arm 301, a second polar arm 302, and a conducting portion 303; one end of the conducting part 303 is connected with the first polar arm 301, and the other end is connected with the second polar arm 302; first pole arm 301, second pole arm 302, and conducting portion 303 are all embedded in insulator 004; the intermediate electrode application portion 310 includes: first exposed end surface 311 and second exposed end surface 312, first exposed end surface 311 and second exposed end surface 312 are arranged at a distance, first polar arm 301 is exposed outside insulator 004 to form first exposed end surface 311, and second polar arm 302 is exposed outside insulator 004 to form second exposed end surface 312.
Specifically, the middle electrode 003 is arc-shaped on a projection plane perpendicular to the axis of the plasma initiation device, the first polar arm 301 is adjacent to the positive electrode discharge portion 110, the second polar arm 302 is adjacent to the negative electrode discharge portion 210, the first polar arm 301 and the second polar arm 302 are conducted through the conducting portion 303, and air between the positive electrode discharge portion 110 and the first exposed end face 311 and air between the second exposed end face 312 and the negative electrode discharge portion 210 are sequentially broken down during initiation.
The positive electrode discharge portion 110 and the negative electrode discharge portion 210 may be arranged to form circular end surfaces or polygonal shapes. The perpendicular bisectors of the two circular center connecting lines or the perpendicular bisectors of the two polygonal external circular center connecting lines are positioned between the first exposed end face 311 and the second exposed end face 312, and the first exposed end face 311 and the second exposed end face 312 are symmetrical relative to the perpendicular bisectors. The first pole arm 301, the second pole arm 302 and the conducting portion 303 are all embedded in the insulator 004, which not only simplifies the structure, but also reduces the spacing between adjacent electrodes.
In the present embodiment, the distance between the first exposed end surface 311 and the positive electrode discharge portion 110 is defined as the distance s between the positive electrode discharge portion 110 and the intermediate electrode working portion 310 1 The spacing between the second exposed end surface 312 and the negative electrode discharge portion 210 is defined as the spacing s between the negative electrode discharge portion 210 and the intermediate electrode working portion 310 2 The method comprises the steps of carrying out a first treatment on the surface of the Spacing s between first exposed end face 311 and positive electrode discharge portion 110 1 And a spacing s between the second exposed end surface 312 and the negative electrode discharge portion 210 2 All of which are 1mm to 3mm, and the distance s between the first exposed end surface 311 and the positive electrode discharge portion 110 1 And a spacing s between the second exposed end surface 312 and the negative electrode discharge portion 210 2 Smaller, thereby facilitating the breakdown of air between the positive electrode discharge portion 110 and the first exposed end face 311 and air between the second exposed end face 312 and the negative electrode discharge portion 210 at the time of detonation.
As shown in fig. 5, 6, 7 and 8, the rotary knock engine provided by the embodiment of the invention includes: an inner cylinder 006, an outer cylinder 007, and a plasma initiation device described in the above embodiments; the outer cylinder 007 is coaxial with the inner cylinder 006, and the outer cylinder 007 is sleeved outside the inner cylinder 006, and a combustion chamber 008 is formed between the outer cylinder 007 and the inner cylinder 006; the plasma initiation device is connected to the outer tube 007, and the positive electrode discharge portion 110, the negative electrode discharge portion 210 and the intermediate electrode working portion 310 are exposed to the inside of the combustion chamber 008.
By adopting the plasma detonation device disclosed by any embodiment, the detonation success rate is improved, and when the oil liquid is injected into the combustion chamber 008 and air is introduced to form an oil-gas mixture, the oil-gas mixture can be successfully detonated through the plasma detonation device.
In the embodiment of the present invention, the outer tube 007 includes: the diffuser 701 and the straight section 702 of the outer cylinder are coaxial and connected, and the diffuser 701 is coaxial with the straight section 702 of the outer cylinder; the inner diameter of the diffuser 701 increases from the end of the straight section 702 facing away from the outer tube to the end (in the x direction shown in fig. 5) of the straight section 702 connecting the outer tube; the plasma initiation device is connected to a straight section 702 such as an outer barrel.
Specifically, air enters from the air inlet end of the combustion chamber 008, and is radially diffused in the diffuser 701, and the air is fully mixed with oil liquid sprayed into the combustion chamber 008, and the oil-gas mixture enters into the inner side of the straight section 702 such as the outer cylinder and is ignited and detonated by the plasma detonating device, so that stable rotary detonation waves moving along the circumferential direction are formed in the combustion chamber 008.
Further, the inner cylinder 006 is provided with a plurality of fuel injection holes 601, the plurality of fuel injection holes 601 are arranged along the circumferential direction of the inner cylinder 006 at intervals, and the plurality of fuel injection holes 601 face the diffuser 701.
The oil spray holes 601 are circular along the direction perpendicular to the axis of the oil spray holes 601, and oil is uniformly sprayed into the combustion chamber 008 along the circumferential direction of the inner cylinder 006 through the plurality of oil spray holes 601, and is diffused and mixed in the diffuser section 701 along with the intake air flow. Preferably, the oil injection hole 601 is close to one end of the diffuser 701 away from the straight section 702 such as the outer barrel, so that the oil can fully utilize the air flow inside the diffuser 701 to realize oil-gas mixing.
Further, the air inlet end of the outer cylinder 007 is provided with a first outer flange 703, the air outlet end of the outer cylinder 007 is provided with a second outer flange 704, and the first outer flange 703, the diffuser 701, the straight section 702 of the outer cylinder and the second outer flange 704 are connected to form an integral structure.
Further, the inner tube 006 and/or the outer tube 007 are connected with a flow guide 009; the guide 009 and the plasma initiation device are sequentially arranged along the air inlet direction x, and one end of the guide 009, which is away from the plasma initiation device, forms a tip 901. The inlet air flow is dispersed along the guide 009, and the air is split through the tip 901, so that a wake area is formed after the air flow passes through the guide 009, and the wake area contains gas eddies with various dimensions, so that the mixing of fuel and air is further enhanced. In addition, the airflow speed in the wake area is low, so that on-duty flame is formed in the wake area, the extinction probability of the rotary detonation wave is reduced, and the environmental adaptability of the rotary detonation engine is enhanced.
It should be noted that, the first outer flange 703 is connected with the neck section 705 between the diffuser 701, and the neck section 705 is located at the outer side of the flow guiding element 009, so that the flow guiding element 009 can efficiently guide the airflow between the neck section 705 and the inner barrel 006, and the design and the simplified structure of the flow guiding element 009 are facilitated.
Further, the guide 009 includes: a first swash plate portion 910 and a second swash plate portion 920; the first inclined plate portion 910 and the second inclined plate portion 920 are connected and form an included angle of 35-55 degrees, and a tip 901 is formed at the connection position of the first inclined plate portion 910 and the second inclined plate portion 920; the tip 901 has a ridge 902 extending radially along the inner cylinder 006, and a plane formed by the ridge 902 and the axis of the inner cylinder 006 bisects the angle between the first swash plate 910 and the second swash plate 920. The air flow is guided along the first and second inclined plate portions 910 and 920 so that the air forms a gas vortex after being guided by the guide 009, thereby improving the mixing degree of the fuel and air.
Further, the inner tube 006 includes: the straight section 610 of the inner cylinder, the first inner flange 620 and the second inner flange 630, the straight section 610 of the inner cylinder, the first inner flange 620 and the second inner flange 630 are connected to form an integral structure, the straight section 610 of the inner cylinder is located at the inner side of the outer cylinder 007, and the straight section 610 of the inner cylinder extends from the inner side of the diffuser 701 to the inner side of the straight section 702 of the outer cylinder.
To ensure that the inner tube 006 is coaxial with the outer tube 007, a support device may be used to connect the flange for positioning and allow the inner tube 006 to rotate about its axis relative to the outer tube 007. In this embodiment, one end of the outer wall of the inner cylinder 006 is connected with a first support 010, the other end is connected with a second support 011, the guide 009 and at least one first support 010 are arranged along the circumferential interval of the inner cylinder 006, preferably two first supports 010 are arranged, the guide 009 and two first supports 010 are uniformly distributed along the circumferential direction of the inner cylinder 006, and the adjacent two corresponding central angles are 120 degrees. In addition, a plurality of second supporting pieces 011 may be provided, and a plurality of second supporting pieces 011 may be provided at intervals along the circumferential direction of the inner cylinder 006. Preferably, three second supporting members 011 are provided, and any adjacent two of the three second supporting members 011 correspond to a central angle of 120 degrees, so as to be supported between the inner cylinder 006 and the outer cylinder 007, to ensure that the inner cylinder 006 and the outer cylinder 007 remain coaxial.
As shown in fig. 2 and 5, the detonation method provided by the embodiment of the present invention is applied to the plasma detonation device described in the above embodiment, and is particularly applicable to the rotary detonation engine described in the above embodiment, and includes the following steps:
continuously injecting oil into the combustion chamber 008, and introducing air to form an oil-gas mixture;
and 3kV to 10kV voltage is applied to the positive electrode 001 and the negative electrode 002 for 100ms to 500ms so as to realize the detonation of the oil-gas mixture in the combustion chamber 008.
In the rotary detonation engine, it is preferable that the plasma detonation device is inserted and mounted in the outer cylinder 007 along the radial direction of the outer cylinder 007, and the positive electrode discharge portion 110, the negative electrode discharge portion 210, the middle electrode action portion 310 and the end face 401 are flush with the inner wall surface of the outer cylinder 007, the arc and plasma excitation formed by electrode discharge are in direct contact with the oil-gas mixture, the generation and rapid propagation space of the plasma excitation are increased, the problem of limited propagation of plasma shock waves caused by discharge in the cavity is avoided, the detonation time is shortened, and the detonation success rate is improved. In the detonation process, the voltage value between the positive electrode 001 and the negative electrode 002 and the electrifying time length can be optimized through a debugging test, so that the working condition parameters are adapted to the mixing proportion of fuel and air, and the detonation success rate is improved. On the basis, high-activity gases such as hydrogen, oxygen and the like do not need to be introduced into the combustion chamber 008, so that the gas path and the fuel supply structure are simplified, and the rotary detonation engine is smaller in size and lighter in weight.
Finally, it should be noted that: the above embodiments are only for illustrating the technical solution of the present invention, and not for limiting the same; although the invention has been described in detail with reference to the foregoing embodiments, it will be understood by those of ordinary skill in the art that: the technical scheme described in the foregoing embodiments can be modified or some or all of the technical features thereof can be replaced by equivalents; such modifications and substitutions do not depart from the spirit of the invention.
Claims (10)
1. A plasma initiation device, comprising: a positive electrode (001), a negative electrode (002), an intermediate electrode (003) and an insulator (004);
the resistivity of both the positive electrode (001) and the negative electrode (002) is greater than the resistivity of the intermediate electrode (003);
the positive electrode (001), the negative electrode (002) and the intermediate electrode (003) are respectively embedded in the insulator (004), and the positive electrode (001), the negative electrode (002) and the intermediate electrode (003) are exposed from one end of the insulator (004);
the positive electrode (001) is exposed outside the insulator (004) to form a positive electrode discharge part (110), the negative electrode (002) is exposed outside the insulator (004) to form a negative electrode discharge part (210), and the intermediate electrode (003) is exposed outside the insulator (004) to form an intermediate electrode action part (310);
the distance between the positive electrode discharge part (110) and the intermediate electrode action part (310) and the distance between the negative electrode discharge part (210) and the intermediate electrode action part (310) are smaller than the distance between the positive electrode (001) and the negative electrode (002);
during the detonation process, air among the positive electrode discharging part (110), the middle electrode acting part (310) and the negative electrode discharging part (210) is sequentially broken down, so that electric arcs formed by discharging and plasma excitation are in direct contact with the oil-gas mixture.
2. The plasma detonation device according to claim 1, wherein the positive electrode discharge portion (110), the negative electrode discharge portion (210) and the intermediate electrode application portion (310) are all flush with an end face (401) of the insulator (004).
3. The plasma initiation device according to claim 1, wherein the intermediate electrode (003) comprises: a first pole arm (301), a second pole arm (302) and a conducting part (303);
one end of the conducting part (303) is connected with the first polar arm (301), and the other end is connected with the second polar arm (302);
the first polar arm (301), the second polar arm (302) and the conducting part (303) are embedded into the insulator (004);
the intermediate electrode action part (310) comprises: first exposed end face (311) and second exposed end face (312), first exposed end face (311) with second exposed end face (312) interval sets up, first utmost point arm (301) expose in insulator (004) outside forms first exposed end face (311), second utmost point arm (302) expose in insulator (004) outside forms second exposed end face (312).
4. A plasma priming device according to claim 3, characterized in that the spacing of the first exposed end face (311) from the positive electrode discharge portion (110) is taken as the spacing of the positive electrode discharge portion (110) from the intermediate electrode active portion (310), and the spacing of the second exposed end face (312) from the negative electrode discharge portion (210) is taken as the spacing of the negative electrode discharge portion (210) from the intermediate electrode active portion (310);
the distance between the first exposed end surface (311) and the positive electrode discharge part (110) and the distance between the second exposed end surface (312) and the negative electrode discharge part (210) are both 1-3 mm.
5. A rotary knock engine, comprising: an inner cylinder (006), an outer cylinder (007) and a plasma initiation device as defined in any one of claims 1 to 4;
the outer cylinder (007) is coaxial with the inner cylinder (006), the outer cylinder (007) is sleeved outside the inner cylinder (006), and a combustion chamber (008) is formed between the outer cylinder (007) and the inner cylinder (006);
the plasma initiation device is connected to the outer cylinder (007), and the positive electrode discharge part (110), the negative electrode discharge part (210) and the intermediate electrode action part (310) are exposed in the combustion chamber (008).
6. The rotary detonation engine of claim 5, wherein the outer barrel (007) comprises: a diffuser (701) and an outer barrel equal straight section (702), wherein the diffuser (701) is coaxial with and connected with the outer barrel equal straight section (702);
the inner diameter of the diffusion section (701) increases gradually from one end away from the straight section (702) of the outer cylinder to one end connected with the straight section (702) of the outer cylinder;
the plasma initiation device is connected to the straight section (702) of the outer barrel.
7. The rotary detonation engine of claim 6, wherein the inner barrel (006) is provided with a plurality of oil injection holes (601), the plurality of oil injection holes (601) are arranged at intervals along the circumference of the inner barrel (006), and the plurality of oil injection holes (601) are all oriented toward the diffuser (701).
8. The rotary detonation engine of claim 6, wherein the inner cylinder (006) and/or the outer cylinder (007) are connected with flow guides (009);
the flow guide piece (009) and the plasma initiation device are sequentially arranged along the air inlet direction, and one end of the flow guide piece (009) deviating from the plasma initiation device forms a tip (901).
9. The rotary detonation engine of claim 8, wherein the flow guide (009) comprises: a first swash plate part (910) and a second swash plate part (920);
the first inclined plate part (910) is connected with the second inclined plate part (920) and forms an included angle of 35-55 degrees, and the joint of the first inclined plate part (910) and the second inclined plate part (920) forms the tip part (901);
the tip (901) is provided with a ridge (902) extending along the radial direction of the inner cylinder (006), and a plane formed by the ridge (902) and the axis of the inner cylinder (006) divides an included angle between the first inclined plate part (910) and the second inclined plate part (920).
10. A detonation method, characterized in that it uses the plasma detonation device as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 4 and comprises the following steps:
continuously injecting oil into the combustion chamber (008) and introducing air to form an oil-gas mixture;
and applying a voltage of 3kV to 10kV to the positive electrode (001) and the negative electrode (002) for 100ms to 500ms so as to realize the detonation of the oil-gas mixture in the combustion chamber (008).
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