CN116556108A - 一种气体扩散层的制备方法和应用 - Google Patents
一种气体扩散层的制备方法和应用 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
本发明涉及一种气体扩散层的制备方法和应用,至少包括以下步骤:S1、计算所需原纸的层数;S2、配制浸渍浆料;S3、a)将各张单层原纸分别用浸渍浆料进行浸渍处理,将浸渍后的各张单层原纸堆叠在一起后,依次进行干燥处理、热处理、高温碳化处理;或b)取第i张单层原纸用浸渍浆料进行浸渍处理后,将浸渍后的第i张原纸依次进行干燥处理、热处理;之后将第i+1张原纸进行浸渍处理后,置于热处理后的第i片原纸上,再依次进行干燥处理、热处理;直至将步骤1计算得到的全部原纸处理后,进行高温碳化处理,其中i≥1;S4、将高温碳化处理完成的碳纸,经过浸渍疏水材料并高温烧结;并涂覆微孔层浆料并高温烧结后得到气体扩散层。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及气体扩散层领域,特别涉及一种气体扩散层的制备方法和应用。
背景技术
气体扩散层(Gas diffusion layers),简称GDL,包括微孔层与支撑层。支撑层的主要材料为碳纸,其主要作用为传导反应气体、排出多余的水、传导热量、传导电子以及为膜电极提供机械支撑;微孔层的作用类似,也是用于传导水、气、热及电子,并起着保护催化层的作用。因此,气体扩散层需要具有导电性高、孔结构佳、亲疏水性佳、导热性好、机械强度好,微孔层平整度高等特点。
目前,气体扩散层的制备步骤如下:丙烯腈经聚合后得到聚丙烯腈,再经过纺丝、烧结后得到碳纤维,再短切成10-15 mm长、直径为5-10 μm的短切碳纤维,将碳纤维经过表面处理后,抄纸得到原纸。将原纸经过填孔、烧结后得到碳纸;将碳纸浸渍PTFE并经过350-400℃烧结30-60 min后,再涂布微孔层、再经过350-400℃烧结30-60 min后得到气体扩散层。
然而,在实际使用的过程中发现:部分应用于燃料电池或电解水电池中的气体扩散层的厚度不固定,但是原纸厂商生产的原纸型号固定,因此不满足实际使用过程中所需的特定厚度的气体扩散层;另一方面,当原纸厚度≥500μm时,其填孔浆料不易分散均匀,从而导致碳纸的填孔效果较差。
因此,现有技术在厚GDL应用过程中存在问题有:GDL厚度取决于原纸厚度,故原纸制约了厚GDL的生产研发;在用厚原纸生产过程中,填孔效果较差,填孔浆料很难完全浸入厚GDL内部。
发明内容
针对现有技术的不足,本发明提供了一种气体扩散层的制备方法和应用,该制备方法可以制备出不同厚度的气体扩散层,且解决了较厚气体扩散层在浸渍填孔过程中,浸渍填孔不充分问题。
为解决上述技术问题,本发明的目的之一是提供一种气体扩散层的制备方法,至少包括以下步骤:
S1、根据所需碳纸的目标厚度、以及单张原纸的厚度,计算所需原纸的层数;
S2、配制浸渍浆料;
S3、a)将各张单层原纸分别用所述浸渍浆料进行浸渍处理,将浸渍后的各张单层原纸堆叠在一起后,依次进行干燥处理、热处理、高温碳化处理;或
b)取第i张单层原纸用所述浸渍浆料进行浸渍处理后,将浸渍后的第i张原纸依次进行干燥处理、热处理;之后将第i+1张原纸进行浸渍处理后,置于热处理后的第i片原纸上,再依次进行干燥处理、热处理;直至将步骤1计算得到的全部原纸处理后,进行高温碳化处理,其中i≥1;
S4、将步骤S3高温碳化处理完成的所述碳纸,经过浸渍疏水材料并高温烧结后形成支撑层;在所述支撑层上涂覆微孔层浆料并高温烧结后形成为微孔层,由所述支撑层与所述微孔层构成所述气体扩散层。
进一步地,所述浸渍浆料的原料包括碳系材料、高分子聚合物、溶剂;所述溶剂在所述浸渍浆料中的含量为75%~95%;所述碳系材料在所述碳系材料和所述高分子聚合物质量之和中的占比为30~70%。
进一步地,所述碳系材料为石墨、碳黑、石墨烯、碳纳米管中的至少一种。
进一步地,所述高分子聚合物为聚乙烯吡咯烷酮、聚乙二醇、聚丙烯酰胺、聚乙烯醇中的至少一种。
进一步地,所述溶剂为水、乙醇、N-甲基吡咯烷酮中的至少一种。
进一步地,步骤b)中,所述浸渍浆料还包括增稠剂;所述增稠剂为淀粉、阿拉伯胶、果胶、琼脂、明胶、海藻胶、角叉胶、糊精、多糖衍生物增稠剂、羧甲基纤维素、丙二醇藻蛋白酸酯、甲基纤维素、淀粉磷酸钠、羧甲基纤维素钠、藻蛋白酸钠、酪蛋白、聚丙烯酸钠、聚氧乙烯中的至少一种;所述浸渍浆料中,所述增稠剂的占比为0.5~20wt%。
进一步地,所述干燥处理步骤包括:在50-150℃的温度条件下对浸渍后的所述碳纸干燥15min-5h;在200-400℃的温度条件下对干燥后的所述碳纸热处理3-30min。
进一步地,所述高温碳化处理步骤包括:在1000-2000℃的温度条件下对热处理后的所述碳纸碳化0.2-2h。
进一步地,各张原纸的碳纤维含量朝向所述微孔层的方向逐渐递增;或
所述浸渍浆料还添加有造孔剂;浸渍各张原纸的所述浸渍浆料中,所述造孔剂的含量朝向所述微孔层的方向逐渐减少。
本发明的目的之二是,本发明制备得到的一种气体扩散层在燃料电池或电解水电池中的应用。
发明的有益效果
1、本发明实现了不同厚度气体扩散层的制备。由于气体扩散层的厚度往往受原纸厂商生产的原纸制约,特定厚度的原纸只能制备特定厚度的气体扩散层,本发明通过对浸渍后的原纸进行一次性堆叠或逐步堆叠,从而制备得到更厚的气体扩散层。
2、解决了较厚气体扩散层浸渍填孔过程中,浸渍填孔不充分问题。由于较厚原纸在填孔过程中,存在填孔浆料浸润不佳,填孔不充分,进而使得气体扩散层的导电性、机械性降低。本发明通过浸渍每张原纸,从而保证了原纸的充分浸润,保证了气体扩散层的导电性及机械性能。
3、本发明采用的一次性堆叠法,制备方法简便,同时在烧结过程中保证了每一片原纸都浸渍完全,保证了高温热处理充分。同时,选取不同碳纤维质量百分数及碳纤维体积占比的原纸可以制备阶梯化气体扩散层。
逐步堆叠法可以实现梯度化:一方面,浸渍浆料的固含、树脂成分、比例以及造孔剂都会影响浸渍烧结后成品的面密度、孔结构和电导率,所以可以通过调节第i次的浸渍浆料来调节第i层的面密度、孔结构和电导率;另一方面,原纸的面密度、孔结构、表面状态会影响浸渍烧结后成品的面密度、孔结构,所以可以通过调节第i层原纸的面密度、孔结构和电导率。因此通过合理设计逐步堆叠法的工艺条件可以实现支撑层孔结构的阶梯化分布。
附图说明
为了更清楚地说明本发明实施例或现有技术中的技术方案,下面将对实施例或现有技术描述中所需要使用的附图作简单地介绍,显而易见地,下面描述中的附图仅仅是本发明的一些实施例,对于本领域普通技术人员来讲,在不付出创造性劳动的前提下,还可以根据这些附图示出的结构获得其他的附图。
图1为实施例1的电池性能曲线图。
图2为实施例2的电池性能曲线图。
图3为实施例3的电池性能曲线图。
图4为实施例4的电池性能曲线图。
图5为实施例5的电池性能曲线图。
本发明目的的实现、功能特点及优点将结合实施例,参照附图做进一步说明。
具体实施方式
下面将结合本发明实施例,对本发明实施例中的技术方案进行清楚、完整地描述,显然,所描述的实施例仅仅是本发明的一部分实施例,而不是全部的实施例。基于本发明中的实施例,本领域普通技术人员在没有作出创造性劳动前提下所获得的所有其他实施例,都属于本发明保护的范围。
下述实施例中的实验方法,如无特殊说明,均为常规方法。下述实施例中所用的试验材料和试剂等,如无特殊说明,均可从商业途径获得。以下实施例中的定量试验,均设置三次重复实验,数据为三次重复实验的平均值或平均值±标准差。
另外,全文中的“和/或”包括三个方案,以A和/或B为例,包括A技术方案、B技术方案,以及A和B同时满足的技术方案;另外,各个实施例之间的技术方案可以相互结合,但是必须是以本领域普通技术人员能够实现为基础,当技术方案的结合出现相互矛盾或无法实现应当认为这种技术方案的结合不存在,也不在本发明要求的保护范围之内。
实施例1:本实施例采用一次性堆叠法
S1、本实施例的目标是制备厚度为500μm的碳纸,选取常用厚度180μm的原纸(原纸的碳纤维质量百分数为65%,原纸中的碳纤维体积占比为95%);因此,实施例1所需的碳纸层数为3层;
S2、配制浸渍浆料:分别取15 g天然石墨、15 g碳黑、5 g甲基纤维素、35g聚乙烯吡咯烷酮、35g聚乙二醇,混合均匀后;向混合物中加入1000 g水和900g乙醇,得到混合液;使用高速分散机对混合液进行分散,高速分散机的分散线速度为20 m/s,分散2 h后,得到浸渍浆料;
其中,天然石墨的粒径为2 μm、结晶度为95%、灰分小于2%;碳黑的比表面积为10g/m2、灰分小于0.5%、粒径为50 nm;聚乙烯吡咯烷酮中的氮含量为10%、K值为15;聚乙二醇为聚乙二醇400;
S3、将3张原纸分别在浸渍浆料中浸渍5s后,取出沥干;将浸渍完全的3张原纸堆叠在一起,在50℃的温度条件下对沥干后的原纸进行干燥处理,干燥时间为15 min;之后在200℃的温度条件下对干燥后的碳纸进行热处理,热处理时间为5 min;最后用碳化炉对热处理后碳纸的进行碳化,碳化温度为1400℃,碳化时间为2h,保护气氛为氮气;处理完毕后,得到高温碳化碳纸;
S4、首先配制3wt%的PTFE浸渍液:取60%PTFE乳液166.7 g(2wt%),纯水4.8 kg;使用高速分散机对其进行分散,得到PTFE浸渍液;
将步骤S3得到的高温碳化碳纸浸渍于PTFE浸渍液中,再经过350℃烧结30 min后,得到疏水碳纸;
配制微孔层涂布浆料:取15 g天然石墨、15 g碳黑、5 g甲基纤维素、21.4 g 60%wt的PTFE乳液混合,向混合均匀后的材料中加入1000g水和900g乙醇,分散均匀后,得到微孔层涂布浆料;
取上述得到的疏水碳纸进行涂布,平均涂布高度为80 μm;之后再经过350℃烧结30min得到气体扩散层GDL,并结合CCM组装成燃料电池,并进行测试,测试结果如图1所示。
实施例2
实施例2与实施例1的区别在于,使用不同规格的原纸,具体为:
靠近微孔层侧的原纸厚度为180μm,原纸的碳纤维质量百分数为65%,原纸中的碳纤维体积占比为95%;中间层的原纸厚度为180μm,原纸的碳纤维质量百分数为55%,原纸中的碳纤维体积占比为85%;最外侧的原纸厚度为180μm,原纸的碳纤维质量百分数为45%,原纸中的碳纤维体积占比为75%。
将本实施例制得的高温碳化碳纸制备成气体扩散层并组装成燃料电池,测试结果如图2所示。
实施例3
实施例3与实施例1的区别在于,浸渍浆料中不加入增稠剂,且步骤S3不同,即,本实施例采用逐步堆叠法,具体为:
取第一张原纸在浸渍浆料中浸渍5s后,取出沥干;在50℃的温度条件下对沥干后的原纸进行干燥处理,干燥时间为15min;然后在200℃的温度条件下对干燥后的碳纸进行热处理,热处理时间为5min;
再取第二张原纸在浸渍浆料中浸渍5s后,取出沥干;将第二张浸渍完全的原纸放置于第一张热处理后的原纸上,在50℃的温度条件下对沥干后的原纸进行干燥处理,干燥时间为15min;然后在200℃的温度条件下对干燥后的碳纸进行热处理,热处理时间为5min;
取第三张原纸在浸渍浆料中浸渍5s后,取出沥干;将第三张浸渍完全的原纸放置于第二张热处理后的原纸上,在50℃的温度条件下对沥干后的原纸进行干燥处理,干燥时间为15min;然后在200℃的温度条件下对干燥后的碳纸进行热处理,热处理时间为5min;
最后用碳化炉对热处理后的3张碳纸的进行碳化,碳化温度为1400℃,碳化时间为2h,保护气氛为氮气;处理完毕后,得到高温碳化碳纸;
将本实施例制得的高温碳化碳纸制备成气体扩散层并组装成燃料电池,测试结果如图3所示。
实施例4
实施例4与实施例3的区别在于,使用不同规格的原纸,具体为:
靠近微孔层侧的原纸厚度为180μm,原纸的碳纤维质量百分数为65%,原纸中的碳纤维体积占比为95%;中间层的原纸厚度为180μm,原纸的碳纤维质量百分数为55%,原纸中的碳纤维体积占比为85%;最外侧的原纸厚度为180μm,原纸的碳纤维质量百分数为45%,原纸中的碳纤维体积占比为75%。
将本实施例制得的高温碳化碳纸制备成气体扩散层并组装成燃料电池,测试结果如图4所示。
实施例5
实施例5与实施例3的区别在于,3层原纸所使用的浸渍浆料不同,具体为:
靠近微孔层侧原纸所用的浸渍浆料中不添加造孔剂NH4Cl;中间层原纸所用的浸渍浆料额外添加了5g造孔剂NH4Cl;最外层原纸所用的浸渍浆料额外添加了10g造孔剂NH4Cl。
对比例1
对比例1与实施例1的区别在于:通过厚度为550μm的单层原纸制备厚度为500μm的碳纸(理论收缩量为10%,即可以制备500μm的碳纸)。
对比例1在制备气体扩散层的过程中,在热处理时就出现分层现象,在碳化后发现原纸分为多片,中间有掉粉现象,因此无法再进行后续测试。
以上所述实施例的各技术特征可以进行任意的组合,为使描述简洁,未对上述实施例中的各个技术特征所有可能的组合都进行描述,然而,只要这些技术特征的组合不存在矛盾,都应当认为是本说明书记载范围。
以上所述实施例仅表达了本发明的几种实施方式,其描述较为具体和详细,但并不能因此而理解为对发明专利范围的限制。应当指出的是,对于本领域的普通技术人员来说,在不脱离本发明构思的前提下,还可以做出若干变形和改进,这些都属于本发明的保护范围。因此,本发明专利的保护范围应以所附权利要求为准。
Claims (10)
1.一种气体扩散层的制备方法,其特征在于,至少包括以下步骤:
S1、根据所需碳纸的目标厚度、以及单张原纸的厚度,计算所需原纸的层数;
S2、配制浸渍浆料;
S3、a)将各张单层原纸分别用所述浸渍浆料进行浸渍处理,将浸渍后的各张单层原纸堆叠在一起后,依次进行干燥处理、热处理、高温碳化处理;或
b)取第i张单层原纸用所述浸渍浆料进行浸渍处理后,将浸渍后的第i张原纸依次进行干燥处理、热处理;之后将第i+1张原纸进行浸渍处理后,置于热处理后的第i片原纸上,再依次进行干燥处理、热处理;直至将步骤1计算得到的全部原纸处理后,进行高温碳化处理,其中i≥1;
S4、将步骤S3高温碳化处理完成的所述碳纸,经过浸渍疏水材料并高温烧结后形成支撑层;在所述支撑层上涂覆微孔层浆料并高温烧结后形成为微孔层,由所述支撑层与所述微孔层构成所述气体扩散层。
2.根据权利要求1所述的一种气体扩散层的制备方法,其特征在于,所述浸渍浆料的原料包括碳系材料、高分子聚合物、溶剂;所述溶剂在所述浸渍浆料中的含量为75%~95%;所述碳系材料在所述碳系材料和所述高分子聚合物质量之和中的占比为30~70%。
3.根据权利要求2所述的一种气体扩散层的制备方法,其特征在于,所述碳系材料为石墨、碳黑、石墨烯、碳纳米管中的至少一种。
4.根据权利要求2所述的一种气体扩散层的制备方法,其特征在于,所述高分子聚合物为聚乙烯吡咯烷酮、聚乙二醇、聚丙烯酰胺、聚乙烯醇中的至少一种。
5.根据权利要求2所述的一种气体扩散层的制备方法,其特征在于,所述溶剂为水、乙醇、N-甲基吡咯烷酮中的至少一种。
6.根据权利要求2所述的一种气体扩散层的制备方法,其特征在于,步骤b)中,所述浸渍浆料还包括增稠剂;所述增稠剂为淀粉、阿拉伯胶、果胶、琼脂、明胶、海藻胶、角叉胶、糊精、多糖衍生物增稠剂、羧甲基纤维素、丙二醇藻蛋白酸酯、甲基纤维素、淀粉磷酸钠、羧甲基纤维素钠、藻蛋白酸钠、酪蛋白、聚丙烯酸钠、聚氧乙烯中的至少一种;所述浸渍浆料中,所述增稠剂的占比为0.5~20wt%。
7.根据权利要求1所述的一种气体扩散层的制备方法,其特征在于,所述干燥处理步骤包括:在50-150℃的温度条件下对浸渍后的所述碳纸干燥15min-5h;在200-400℃的温度条件下对干燥后的所述碳纸热处理3-30min。
8.根据权利要求1所述的一种气体扩散层的制备方法,其特征在于,所述高温碳化处理步骤包括:在1000-2000℃的温度条件下对热处理后的所述碳纸碳化0.2-2h。
9.根据权利要求2所述的一种气体扩散层的制备方法,其特征在于,各张原纸的碳纤维含量朝向所述微孔层的方向逐渐递增;或
所述浸渍浆料还添加有造孔剂;浸渍各张原纸的所述浸渍浆料中,所述造孔剂的含量朝向所述微孔层的方向逐渐减少。
10.一种如权利要求1所述的气体扩散层的制备方法所制备的所述气体扩散层在燃料电池或电解水电池中的应用。
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