CN116554290B - 一种脂肪酸转运蛋白及其编码基因AtFAX3基因与应用 - Google Patents
一种脂肪酸转运蛋白及其编码基因AtFAX3基因与应用 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
本发明公开了一种脂肪酸转运蛋白及其编码基因AtFAX3基因与应用。本发明首次对拟南芥(Arabidopsis thaliana)中对FAX3的定位及功能进行探究。利用生物信息学分析,比对不同物种中FAX家族成员的蛋白序列,推测FAX3的作用机制。然后开展相关实验,证明了AtFAX3参与叶绿体内脂肪酸跨膜转运过程,并且主要在角果皮中起作用,从而影响拟南芥种子中的油脂合成。本发明为提高种子含油量以及品质提供了新的思路。
Description
技术领域
本发明属于分子育种技术领域,涉及一种脂肪酸转运蛋白及其编码基因AtFAX3基因与应用。
背景技术
由于关于质体中的脂肪酸向外运输的膜转运蛋白报道很少,因此脂肪酸运出质体的机制一直存在很大的争议。李楠楠等首次在拟南芥中对AtFAX1进行了研究,研究人员分离出FAX1,并对其功能进行验证。他们发现这种叶绿体质膜定位的转运体对于生物量产生、雄性育性以及脂肪酸衍生化合物(如脂类、蜡或花粉粒的细胞壁物质)的合成至关重要(LiNannan,et al."FAX1,a novel membrane protein mediating plastid fatty acidexport.."Plant biology 13.2(2015):doi:10.1371/journal.pbio.1002053.)。此外,还有研究发现在衣藻和甘蓝型油菜中,FAX1也在质体转运脂肪酸的过程中起作用([1]LiNannan,et al."Characterization of Fatty Acid Exporters involved in fatty acidtransport for oil accumulation in the green alga Chlamydomonas reinhardtii.."Biotechnology for biofuels
12.1(2019):doi:10.1186/s13068-018-1332-4.[2]Xiao Zhongchun,et al."TheBrassica napus fatty acid exporter FAX1-1 contributes to biological yield,seed oil content,and oil quality.."Biotechnology for biofuels 14.1(2021):doi:10.1186/S13068-021-02035-4.)。
李楠楠团队的另外一项研究中,进一步证明了质体包膜定位蛋白FAX2和FAX4作为种子胚胎质体中进行三酰基甘油(TAG)生物合成的FA输出体,主要作用在拟南芥种子灌浆过程中FA从质体运输到ER中进行TAG的生物合成(Li Nannan,et al."Two Plastid FattyAcid Exporters Contribute to Seed Oil Accumulation in Arabidopsis.."Plantphysiology 182.4(2020):doi:10.1104/pp.19.01344.)。
近期研究表发现,OPDA1在杨树的损伤胁迫调控中发挥重要作用,并且OPDA1过表达植株的茉莉酸含量以及与茉莉酸合成相关基因的表达量升高。此外,OPDA1还定位于杨树叶片叶绿体内层。AtFAX3作为调控OPDA1输出的候选基因之一,猜测其也可能在提高植株损伤胁迫中起作用(Zhao Xin,et al."OPDAT1,a plastid envelope protein involved in12-oxo-phytodienoic acid export for jasmonic acid biosynthesis in Populus.."Tree physiology 41.9(2021):doi:10.1093/TREEPHYS/TPAB037.)。
目前的研究发现,FAX/Tmemb_14家族成员作为膜内转运蛋白在质体脂肪酸输出中起到转运作用。FAX蛋白在拟南芥中有7个同源物,被命名为FAX1-7。AtFAX1-4被预测定位在质体膜中,并被预测参与植物中的脂质转运。其中FAX3与FAX4的DNA序列相似,进化树也显示二者亲缘关系较近。然而目前对于FAX3的研究还非常少,因此,申请人拟验证FAX3是否具有转运脂肪酸的功能以及在膜脂合成方面起作用,并且进一步探究FAX3调控种子中油脂的积累的机制。为培育出油脂产量更高,品质更好的油料作物提供新思路。
发明内容
有鉴于此,本发明的目的在于提供一种脂肪酸转运蛋白及其编码基因AtFAX3基因与应用,该基因定位于质体包膜,可以参与脂肪酸的跨膜转运,是首次确定FAX3主要作用于角果皮,影响角果皮质体中脂肪酸的转运,进而探究其在膜脂合成、种子发育所需碳源供应方面的作用机制。最终确认FAX3在种子油脂合成积累的调控作用。
为达到上述目的,本发明提供如下技术方案:
1、一种脂肪酸转运蛋白,包括a)或b)的蛋白质:
a)由如SEQ ID NO.2所示的氨基酸序列组成的蛋白质;
b)将如SEQ ID NO.2所示的氨基酸序列经过一个或几个氨基酸残基的取代和/或缺失和/或添加与植物脂肪酸转运能力相关的蛋白质。
2、编码前述脂肪酸转运蛋白的基因,即AtFAX3基因,其核苷酸序列如SEQ ID NO.1所示。
3、含有前述基因的表达盒。
4、含有前述基因或表达盒的重组载体。
5、含有前述基因或表达盒的重组质粒。
6、含有前述基因、表达盒或重组载体的重组菌。
7、含有前述基因、表达盒或重组载体的转基因植物细胞系。
8、前述脂肪酸转运蛋白、基因、表达盒、重组载体、重组质粒、重组菌或转基因植物细胞系在调控植物种子油脂合成中的应用。
作为优选的技术方案之一,所述植物为拟南芥。
作为进一步优选的技术方案之一,所述脂肪酸转运蛋白参与拟南芥质体脂肪酸跨膜转运过程、影响角果皮和种子连接处细胞的发育、种子形态以及调控油脂合成。
作为优选的技术方案之一,所述脂肪酸转运蛋白定位于质膜,主要作用于角果皮,从而转运脂肪酸。
9、一种构建转基因植物的方法,使前述脂肪酸转运蛋白在拟南芥中过表达或敲除,进而影响拟南芥质体中的脂肪酸转运,改变(提高/降低)种子中油脂合成量。
作为优选的技术方案之一,过表达或敲除的方法为:向拟南芥中导入35s驱动的前述脂肪酸转运蛋白的编码基因,或者敲除所述编码基因。定位于质膜,过表达会提高种子含油量,而敲除会使油脂含量显著下调。
本发明的有益效果在于:
本发明首次对拟南芥(Arabidopsis thaliana)中对FAX3的定位及功能进行探究。利用生物信息学分析,比对不同物种中FAX家族成员的蛋白序列,推测FAX3的作用机制。然后开展相关实验,证明了AtFAX3参与叶绿体内脂肪酸跨膜转运过程,并且主要在角果皮中起作用,从而影响拟南芥种子中的油脂合成。本发明为提高种子含油量以及品质提供了新的思路。
具体优势如下:
1)本发明成功克隆了拟南芥AtFAX3基因,并将其转运蛋白应用到提高油脂含量研究中去。通过进行功能验证相关实验,证明了AtFAX3可以参与脂肪酸的跨膜转运,并影响种子中的能量分配。
2)首先在拟南芥中敲除FAX3,发现拟南芥表现出种子油脂含量显著降低,角果皮细胞叶绿体内脂滴增多。为探究种子油脂合成和提高产油量提供新思路。
附图说明
为了使本发明的目的、技术方案和有益效果更加清楚,本发明提供如下附图进行说明。
图1是本发明拟南芥RNA的提取(A)及AtFAX3的扩增(B),M为Marker,1,2,3,4为四个重复的扩增结果;
图2是本发明野生型拟南芥(WT)和转基因拟南芥过表达株系#1,#2,#8,#10,#12。M为Marker;H为DNA-free water;WT为野生型;1,2,3,4,5一次对应过表达株系
#1,#2,#8,#10,#12。
图3是本发明AtFAX3在拟南芥各组织中的表达水平检测;
图4是本发明野生型拟南芥(WT)和转基因拟南芥过表达(AtFAX3-WT)株系#1、
#2、#8、#10、#12基因表达水平验证;
图5是本发明atfax3突变株系3、12序列分析(A)和FAX3半定量电泳图(B),ACTIN作为内参基因,WT、atfax3#3和atfax3#12各两个技术重复;
图6是FAX3过表达和突变体干种子形态观察与分类,根据干种子大小,将种子分为Large、Normal、Small和Shrunken四种类型;
图7是对不同发育时期各品系角果中的种子形态观察(A)和统计(B),DAF:开花后天数。
图8是拟南芥角果皮模式图(A)和atfax3突变体角果皮切片的透射电镜观察(B)。模式图中方框内为具体的切片位置。
具体实施方式
下面将结合附图,对本发明的优选实施例进行详细的描述。
实施例1拟南芥(Arabidopsis thaliana)AtFAX3基因的克隆方法
通过生工EZ-10DNAaway RNA提取试剂盒从拟南芥的嫩叶中提取RNA,电泳检测RNA质量(如图1中A)。利用Takara公司的反转录试剂盒将其mRNA反转录成cDNA;以该cDNA作为PCR模板,扩增得到AtFAX3-CDS片段,引物组合:
AtFAX3-OE-F:5'-ATGAGGTCTCGCACCATGGCGGATTTGAT TTTGAGTTC-3',如SEQ IDNO.3所示;
AtFAX3-OE-R:3'-ATGAGGTCTCTCGCCGTGGAGGCTGCGCATGATACCGT-5',如SEQ IDNO.4所示;
为AtFAX3基因过表达克隆。
为了获得fax3突变体株系,设计双靶点
T1:5'-CCACTGCTTCACCGATCCGA-3';
T2:5'-CTCGGTGCAGTAGTTCCCTC-3',以AtU6-29载体质粒(购自武汉艾迪晶生物有限公司)作为启动子驱动靶基因表达。以AtFAX3基因过表达克隆为例,PCR(聚合酶链式反应)方法与程序见表1。
表1PCR方法与程序
具体PCR反应程序如下:94℃预变性2min→(98℃10s→55℃30s→68℃1min30s)该过程进行32个扩增循环→68℃继续延伸5min→4℃保存。PCR产物以用质量浓度1%琼脂糖凝胶进行电泳检测质量。质量浓度1%琼脂糖凝胶电泳检测可见约723bp大小的条带,与目的条带大小吻合(图1中B)。回收目的片段连接载体,转化大肠杆菌,并进行菌液检测,挑选菌液检测正确的几个菌液送样进行测序,所得序列与参考序列一致。
T载体连接具体见表2。
表2.T载体连接
酶切-连接反应参数见表3。
表3.酶切-连接反应参数
实施例2转基因拟南芥阳性植株的获得
以野生型拟南芥为实验材料,采用根癌农杆菌转化法对其进行浸花处理(Duy D,Wanner G,Meda AR,von Wiren N,Soll J,et al.(2007)PIC1,an ancient permease inArabidopsis chloroplasts,mediates iron transport.Plant Cell 19:986–1006.PMID:17337631)。
将10μl农杆菌加入10ml YEP(10mg Rif,10mg Kan)液体培养基中,28℃,220rpm于摇床振荡培养14-18h,直至对数生长OD600为0.6~0.8。将活化过夜的农杆菌按1:1000的比例(体积比)接种在相同的100ml YEP(100mg Rif,100mg Kan)液体培养基中,继续培养至OD600为0.2~0.4。无菌操作,将二活的农杆菌菌液倒入50ml离心管中4000rpm离心15min,去上清,加入100ml重悬液【0.22g MS(包含维生素的植物无菌培养基基盐),5g蔗糖】,用移液枪吸打混匀,移入培养皿中,
在培养皿中加入30ul表面活性剂Silwet L-77,继续吹扫使三者融合。将开花后的拟南芥剪去已经授粉的花以及角果,其余盛开的花浸入培养皿中35s,然后暗培养2d(暗培养时需将拟南芥放倒)。暗培养结束后,在16h/8h昼夜循环(100μmol photons-m-2-s-1),20℃~22℃条件下培养约两个月收种。
实施例3转基因拟南芥的验证
将用浸花法转化的拟南芥植株种子(T0)消毒后铺在含有25mg/L潮霉素的1/2MS培养基上进行筛选。培养7天后,将长出的拟南芥移入营养土中继续培养,2个月后收获种子(T1)。将T1代种子消毒后铺在含有25mg/L潮霉素的1/2MS培养基上生长7天,若发芽生根率为100%,则为阳性纯合。
用SDS方法提取抗性植株的全基因组DNA,以PCR的方法扩增标记基因片段,筛选出阳性植株。以该DNA作为PCR模板,使用Promega公司的2×Rapid Taq Master Mix聚合酶,以及DNA验证性引物
AtFAX3-OE-1-F:5'-GAGCACGCCTCTGTCTATG-3',如SEQ ID NO.5所示;
AtFAX3-OE-1-R:3'-GCTCAGGTAGTGGTTGTCG-5',如SEQ ID NO.6所示;
扩增得到相应的片段,PCR方法与程序PCR反应体系与基因扩增程序与基因扩增一致。
扩增片段的电泳显示,该基因片段大小约为1000bp左右,与预测的片段大小970bp一致(图2)。M为2000bp的DNA marker,WT为野生型拟南芥,1,2,3,4,5分别为转基因拟南芥株系p35s::FAX3-GFP#1,#2,#8,#10,#12。
实施例4拟南芥AtFAX3基因的组织表达量水平检测和定位
选取温室中生长状态良好的一个月的拟南芥植株材料(材料分为根、茎、新叶、老叶、花、开花后4天、10天、16天的角果),通过EZ-10DNAaway RNA Mini-Preps提取试剂盒提取其RNA;然后利用Takara公司反转录试剂盒(RR047A)进行cDNA的反转录合成,以cDNA为模板釆用Promega公司的qPCR Master Mix A6002试剂对基因进行qPCR实验。参比基因引物:
qPCR-AtACTIN2-PF:5'-GTCGCCATCCAAGCTGTTC-3',如SEQ ID NO.7所示;
qPCR-AtACTIN2-PR:3'-GGATGGCATGAGGAAGAGAG-5',如SEQ ID NO.8所示;
目的基因引物:
qPCR-AtFAX3-PF:5'-GCTGTTCTGCTGTATGTC-3',如SEQ ID NO.9所示;
qPCR-AtFAX3-PR:3'-GTATCGGGTTCCCATTACG-5',如SEQ ID NO.10所示。
其他相关操作步骤见表4(实时荧光定量反应体系)。
表4.实时荧光定量反应体系
反应条件如下:95℃,10min;95℃,15s;60℃,1min;40个循环,65℃,5s。退火温度依引物不同而异,本研究中采用AtActin2(AT3G18780)作为内参基因。
每个样品设三个平行重复,以加入野生型拟南芥模板的反应体系为对照。配好的反应体系放入QuantStudioTM 1Real-Time(ABI公司)荧光定量PCR仪中进行PCR反应程序。程序结束后,利用溶解曲线Tm值判断产物单一性以及溶解温度。通过目的基因和参比基因比值的数值,得出相对于内参基因的目的基因的相对表达量,最后进行样品间相对表达量的比较。独立重复上述步骤两次,将所得数据用QuantStudioTM Design&Analysis Softwa软件进行分析作图。图3为AtFAX3在各组织中的表达水平检测,数据结果表明:AtFAX3在角果中表达量最高,特别是开花后14天的角果中表达量很高。
实施例5野生型拟南芥与转基因拟南芥AtFAX3基因的表达量水平检测
取温室中生长状态良好的同期野生型拟南芥及转基因拟南芥中叶,通过生工EZ-10DNAaway RNA提取试剂盒提取RNA,并将mRNA用Taraka公司的反转录试剂盒反转录成cDNA,利用cDNA做模板进行实时荧光定量PCR的检测实验(方法同上)。野生型和不同株系过表达拟南芥中AtFAX3基因中的表达水平结果见图4。转基因植株相比野生型AtFAX3基因的表达量水平依次高了约47,23,2.5,2.3,1.5倍。野生型和fax3突变株系#3,#12的mRNA反转录成cDNA用于碱基测序,所得结果见图5中A。再进行PCR扩增,并通过琼脂凝胶电泳仪测定PCR产物的数量(如图5中B)。
实施例6转基因拟南芥种子的形态分类
当详细检查种子的形态时,我们将fax3突变株系的种子分为4组:正常、大、小和萎缩(图6)。当我们用体视显微镜(SteREO Discovery V20,Zeiss)观察不同发育时期的fax3突变体、AtFAX3-OE和野生型在8、14和18DAF(DAF:开花后天数)的种子形态观察。将18DAF的单个角果中种子形态分成正常(Normal)和不正常两类。与野生型相比,fax3#3大约有12.1%的种子萎缩或变小,fax3#12大约有20.1%的种子萎缩或变小(图7)
实施例7野生型拟南芥与转基因拟南芥中进行拟南芥AtFAX3基因的脂肪酸转运的功能验证
由于AtFAX3主要表达在角果的皮中高表达,因此申请人进一步研究了fax3突变体和野生型在发育中的子房的细胞学差异(图8中A)。为了观察野生型和fax3突变体株系的角果皮细胞质体内的脂滴情况。将选定的WT和fax3突变体10DAF(DAF:开花后天数)果实的果皮用2.5%(v/v)戊二醛(pH7.4,0.1M PBS配置)在室温下固定2小时以上,然后再4℃。用0.1M PBS缓冲液清洗组织,用质量浓度1%锇酸(pH7.4,0.1M PBS配置)在4℃后固定2小时,用0.1M PBS在4℃清洗四次,每次15分钟。然后用体积浓度50%、70%、80%、90%、95%、100%的乙醇水溶液梯度脱色20分钟,然后用无水乙醇:无水丙酮(体积比1:1)脱色20分钟,然后用无水丙酮:环氧树脂Epon812(体积比2:1)在室温下进行3-4小时。100%丙酮:环氧树脂Epon812(1:2)室温下3-4小时,然后在室温下用纯包埋剂包埋2次,每次3-4小时。将样品放在PCR管中,用纯包埋剂包埋。将组织包埋在新鲜树脂中,并在60℃的烘箱中聚合48小时。在Leica Reichert Ultracut S切片机上切下约70纳米厚的超薄切片。收集到涂有碳化的铜格上,用醋酸铀染色。然后用柠檬酸铅将切片染色10分钟。使用Tecnai 12TEM 100kV(Phillips,Eindhoven,The Netherlands)检查记录切片,配备MegaView II CCD照相机和分析软件3.0版(Soft Imaging System GmbH,Germany)。fax3突变体叶绿体中的脂滴比野生型叶绿体中的大20倍,这也使突变体的叶绿体结构变得混乱(图8中B)。
以上结果说明,AtFAX3参与叶绿体内脂肪酸跨膜转运过程,并且主要在角果皮中起作用,当atfax3突变后,种子的形态也部分变小和皱缩,基于此,我们将进一步探索AtFAX3是否在拟南芥种子中的油脂合成中起作用。
最后说明的是,以上优选实施例仅用以说明本发明的技术方案而非限制,尽管通过上述优选实施例已经对本发明进行了详细的描述,但本领域技术人员应当理解,可以在形式上和细节上对其作出各种各样的改变,而不偏离本发明权利要求书所限定的范围。
Claims (1)
1.敲除编码脂肪酸转运蛋白的基因在促使拟南芥种子变小和皱缩中的应用,其特征在于,所述的脂肪酸转运蛋白,由如SEQ ID NO. 2所示的氨基酸序列组成;编码该脂肪酸转运蛋白的基因,即AtFAX3基因,其核苷酸序列如SEQ ID NO. 1所示。
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