CN116554101A - 凹叶瓜馥木中生物碱牛耳枫素的分离方法及抗阿尔茨海默病药物的应用 - Google Patents
凹叶瓜馥木中生物碱牛耳枫素的分离方法及抗阿尔茨海默病药物的应用 Download PDFInfo
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
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- C07D221/02—Heterocyclic compounds containing six-membered rings having one nitrogen atom as the only ring hetero atom, not provided for by groups C07D211/00 - C07D219/00 condensed with carbocyclic rings or ring systems
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Abstract
本发明公开了牛耳枫素及分离方法及应用,牛耳枫素是具有式(I)的结构:
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及制药行业中中药提取制备领域,特别是凹叶瓜馥木中一种阿朴菲生物碱的分离方法及作为治疗阿尔兹海默病药物的应用。
背景技术
瓜馥木属植物属于番荔枝科,本属植物在全世界共有75种,我国23种,其中有22种和1个变种,主要分布在西南及华南热带、亚热带地区,为我国番荔枝科种类最多的属。其化学成分种类繁多,已分离出生物碱类、黄酮类、萜类、苷类、有机酸、挥发性成分等。凹叶瓜馥木(Fissistigma retusum(Lev.)Rehd)为壮族常用药材,又名牛耳枫,分布于海南、贵州、广西和云南等省区,生长于海拔340m至2000m的地区,多生在山地密林中;其茎和根用于治疗风湿骨痛、跌打损伤和小儿麻痹后遗症等疾病。
阿尔茨海默症(Alzheimer’s Disease,AD)是一种神经退行性疾病,多发于60岁以上的老年人群。AD的临床症状包括认知和行为能力的逐渐下降,最终导致记忆衰退、混乱和日常活动的困难,其不仅给家人带来沉重的压力,也给社会造成了严重的经济负担。然而迄今为止,还没有发现能阻止或逆转AD的治疗方法,只有极少数药物能够适当延缓AD发展、减轻临床症状。
目前关于AD的发病机制,有以下几种假说:胆碱能假说、tau蛋白过度磷酸化、Aβ淀粉样沉积、氧化应激反应等。目前最经典的是胆碱能假说:乙酰胆碱酯酶(AChE)和丁酰胆碱酯酶(BChE)因降解大脑中神经递质乙酰胆碱而调节胆碱能神经传导,影响人的记忆、定向和判断以及认知的行为,故抑制AChE和(或)BChE活性可以延缓AD病情。迄今AChE抑制剂是临床主要使用的抗AD药物,这包括选择性AChE抑制剂多奈哌齐、他克林和加兰他敏。但BChE活性在AD晚期呈现增加的趋势,因此BChE抑制剂也被认为是治疗晚期AD的有效药物。近年有研究表明,在AD发病与进展过程中,BChE的含量、活性和表达部位均有所改变。特别在AD发展中后期,脑内AChE的作用急剧下降,而BChE的作用则大幅上升。因此对AD中后期来说BChE是相当重要的药物作用靶标。另外从人大脑细胞的内部开始延伸到达人大脑细胞外部的跨膜蛋白APP,激活后断裂形成低聚物、原纤维、斑块β-片段,进而造成Aβ聚集,引发老年斑的形成和沉积,最终导致AD等神经退行性疾病的发生。因此,寻找Aβ聚集抑制剂也成为治疗和预防AD疾病的重要策略之一。
一直以来,天然产物在中枢神经系统药物的开发中占据着非常重要的角色,而在抗AD药物研究方面尤为活跃。从植物中寻找同时具有胆碱酯酶抑制和Aβ聚集抑制的活性化合物是AD创新药物研制的热点之一。文献调研中(V.Cavallaro,A.P.Murray,C.R.Pungitore,et al.;Mol.Inf.2020,39,1900125.和W.Chaichompoo,P.Rojsitthisak,W.Pabuprapap,et al.Rsc.Adv.2021,11,21153.)发现一些阿朴菲类生物碱具有一定的胆碱酯酶抑制活性或(和)Aβ1-42聚集抑制活性,但凹叶瓜馥木中阿朴菲类生物碱的活性迄今未见相关报道。
发明内容
本发明的目的是针对上述技术分析,提供了一种凹叶瓜馥木中阿朴菲类生物碱作为治疗阿尔兹海默病药物的制备及应用。该制备方法为从凹叶瓜馥木中分离并鉴定出化合物牛耳枫素,经过药理学筛选,发现牛耳枫素不仅能有效地抑制AChE和BChE活性,而且还有效地抑制Aβ1-42聚集作用。
本发明的技术方案概述如下:
牛耳枫素,即S-9,10-二羟基-1,2-二甲氧基阿朴菲,属于阿朴菲类生物碱,其分子式为C19H21NO4,具有式(I)的结构:
牛耳枫素的分离方法,包括如下步骤:
(1)以凹叶瓜馥木的干燥根为原料,加入原料8-10质量倍的体积分数为90%的乙醇水溶液(或甲醇水溶液),回流提取2-3次,每次提取2-3小时,依次过滤得到其提取液。然后加入原料6-10质量倍的体积分数为50%的乙醇水溶液(或甲醇水溶液),回流提取2-3次,每次提取2-3小时,依次过滤得到其提取液。合并所有提取液,减压回收溶剂,浓缩后得到总浸膏,即为凹叶瓜馥木提取物;
(2)将上述50%乙醇浸膏与硅胶拌样,然后以硅胶柱进行梯度柱层析分离,具体作法是依次二氯甲烷、体积比为20∶1的二氯甲烷-甲醇混合液、体积比为10∶1的二氯甲烷-甲醇混合液、体积比为5∶1的二氯甲烷-甲醇混合液、体积比为2∶1的二氯甲烷-甲醇混合液、纯甲醇、体积比为5∶1的甲醇水溶液为洗脱剂进行梯度柱层析;
(3)将上述体积比为5∶1的二氯甲烷-甲醇混合液洗脱的流分合并浓缩,将所得物质继续以体积比为10∶1的二氯甲烷-甲醇混合液为洗脱液进行硅胶柱层析,再以纯甲醇为洗脱剂的Sephadex LH-20凝胶柱纯化,得到式I所示化合物,即牛耳枫素。
本发明的优点是:本发明通过从凹叶瓜馥木中提取分离的方法成功制得化合物牛耳枫素,且以本发明提供的牛耳枫素经过ABTS抗氧化活性测定以及Ellman法胆碱酯酶抑制活性测试,发现牛耳枫素不仅能有效地抑制乙酰胆碱酯酶和丁酰胆碱酯酶活性,而且还有效地抑制Aβ1-42自诱导聚集活性,制成治疗药物后可用于阿尔兹海默病患者的治疗。经检索,化合物牛耳枫素为新的天然化合物。
具体实施方式
实施例1
牛耳枫素的分离方法,包括如下步骤:
(1)以凹叶瓜馥木的干燥根(10kg)为原料,加入原料9质量倍的体积分数为90%的乙醇水溶液,回流提取3次,每次提取3小时,依次过滤得到其提取液。然后加入原料7质量倍的体积分数为50%的乙醇水溶液,回流提取3次,每次提取2小时,依次过滤得到其提取液。合并所有提取液,减压回收溶剂,浓缩后得到总浸膏(1570g),即为凹叶瓜馥木提取物;
(2)将上述50%乙醇浸膏与硅胶拌样,然后以硅胶柱进行梯度柱层析分离,先后以二氯甲烷→二氯甲烷∶甲醇(20∶1,v∶v)→二氯甲烷∶甲醇(10∶1,v∶v)→二氯甲烷∶甲醇(5∶1,v∶v)→二氯甲烷∶甲醇(2∶1,v∶v)→纯甲醇→甲醇∶水(5∶1,v∶v)为洗脱剂进行梯度柱层析,每份接收500mL,共收集111份流分;
(3)将上述二氯甲烷∶甲醇(5∶1,v∶v)洗脱时所得的19至36流分合并后,继续以二氯甲烷∶甲醇(10∶1,v∶v)为洗脱剂进行硅胶柱层析,每份接收150ml,共收集37份流分,其中19至24份合并,再经以纯甲醇为洗脱剂的Sephadex LH-20凝胶柱纯化,得到粉末状固体化合物I(10mg)。
将所得化合物I进行波谱测试,所得数据如下:
ECD(c 1.52mM,MeOH)λmax(Δε)212(-2.75),238(+2.62),274(-0.73)nm;(c0.1,MeOH);HR-ESI-MS(positive mode)m/z:328.1584[M+H]+(calculated forC19H22NO4,328.1549),确定化合物分子式为C19H21NO4;1H NMR(400MHz,CD3OD)δ:2.47(1H,t,J=12.8Hz,H-7α),2.56(3H,s,N-CH3),2.60(1H,m,H-5α),2.70(1H,J=17.0,2.7Hz,H-4α),3.03(1H,dd,J=12.8,3.6Hz,H-7β),3.08(1H,m,H-6a),3.10(1H,m,H-5β),3.12(1H,m,H-4β),3.88(3H,s,1-OCH3),3.89(3H,s,2-OCH3),6.63(1H,s,H-3),6.73(1H,s,H-8),8.11(1H,s,H-11);13C-NMR(100MHz,CD3OD)δ:151.3(C-1),148.5(C-2),147.3(C-10),130.0(C-7a),127.3(C-1b),125.6(C-11a),124.2(C-3a),121.3(C-1a),115.7(C-8),114.1(C-11),110.1(C-3),64.2(C-6a),56.67(2-OCH3),56.64(1-OCH3),54.5(C-5),43.8(N-CH3),34.8(C-7),29.9(C-4).
由上述数据鉴定化合物I结构为S-9,10-二羟基-1,2-二甲氧基阿朴菲,为新的天然化合物,命名为牛耳枫素。其结构如下所示:
实施例2
牛耳枫素的分离方法,包括以下步骤:
(1)以凹叶瓜馥木的干燥根为原料,加入原料8质量倍的体积分数为90%的甲醇水溶液,回流提取2次,每次提取2小时,依次过滤得到其提取液。然后加入原料8质量倍的体积分数为50%的甲醇水溶液,回流提取2次,每次提取3小时,依次过滤得到其提取液。合并所有提取液,减压回收溶剂,浓缩后得到总浸膏,即为凹叶瓜馥木提取物;
步骤(2)-(3)同实施例1中步骤(2)-(3)。
实施例3
牛耳枫素的分离方法,包括以下步骤:
(1)以凹叶瓜馥木的干燥根为原料,加入原料10质量倍的体积分数为90%的乙醇水溶液,回流提取3次,每次提取2小时,依次过滤得到其提取液。然后加入原料6质量倍的体积分数为50%的甲醇水溶液,回流提取3次,每次提取2小时,依次过滤得到其提取液。合并所有提取液,减压回收溶剂,浓缩后得到总浸膏,即为凹叶瓜馥木提取物;
步骤(2)-(3)同实施例1中步骤(2)-(3)。
实施例4
牛耳枫素的胆碱酯酶抑制活性检测
采用改进的Ellman法对凹叶瓜馥木中分离提取出的牛耳枫素进行乙酰胆碱酯酶和丁酰胆碱酯酶抑制活性的测定。
在96孔板中依次加入140μL 100mM的PBS缓冲液,20μL 0.05U/mL的AChE(或20μL0.05U/mL BChE),20μL待测化合物牛耳枫素,混合均匀后放入25℃恒温箱中培养15分钟。然后加入10μL 10.0mM DNTB和10μL7.5mM ATCI(或10μL 7.5mM BTCI),再放入恒温箱中,在37℃下培养40分钟后,测量96孔板中溶液在412nm下的吸光值大小。用20μL 0.01mol/L的DMSO作为阴性对照,用20μL加兰他敏代替待测化合物作为阳性对照,空白组则是通过加入20μL100mM的PBS缓冲液代替待测化合物。每组数据平行做3次,取平均值。
抑制率的计算方法如下:
抑制率=(空白组-实验组)/空白组×100%
活性结果(IC50值)见表1。
结果表明牛耳枫素能有效地抑制乙酰胆碱酯酶和丁酰胆碱酯酶的活性,对乙酰胆碱酯酶的抑制活性更强。从而说明本发明的牛耳枫素、含牛耳枫素的凹叶瓜馥木提取物、含牛耳枫素的组合物能制备成治疗乙酰和/或丁酰胆碱不足相关联疾病的药物。乙酰胆碱不足相关联的疾病包括阿尔茨海默病、重症肌无力、青光眼等。
表1牛耳枫素对胆碱酯酶抑制的活性结果(IC50值)
实施例5
牛耳枫素的Aβ1-42聚集抑制活性测定
在96孔板中依次加入80μL pH 7.4的50mM磷酸钠缓冲液,10μL待测化合物,10μL Aβ1-42溶液(250μM,0.02%NH4OH溶液),使Aβ1-42的最终浓度为25μM。所有的操作都是在低温环境(冰上)进行的。将加好样品的96孔板在37℃下孵育24小时,然后每个孔再加入160μL 5.0μM ThT混合摇晃30min。用酶标仪测量410和490nm下的吸光值(OD)。每组数据平行测3次,取平均值。
抑制率计算方法如下:
抑制率=100-[(IFi-Fbi)/(IFo-Fbo)/100]
IFi是加入10μLAβ1-42,10μL待测样品与80μL磷酸钠混合时Aβ1-42聚集的荧光强度。
IFo是加入10μLAβ1-42,10μL纯DMSO与80μL磷酸钠混合时Aβ1-42聚集的荧光强度。
Fbi是加入10μL磷酸钠,10μL待测样品与80μL磷酸钠混合时Aβ1-42聚集的荧光强度。
Fbo是加入10μL磷酸钠,10μL纯DMSO与80μL磷酸钠混合时Aβ1-42聚集的荧光强度。
最终测得的IC50值(即半数抑制率)见表2。
表2牛耳枫素的Aβ1-42聚集抑制活性(IC50值)
上述实验结果表明牛耳枫素能明显抑制Aβ1-42聚集,从而说明本发明的牛耳枫素、含牛耳枫素的凹叶瓜馥木提取物、含牛耳枫素的组合物能用于治疗因Aβ聚集引起的阿尔茨海默病。
Claims (7)
1.牛耳枫素(S-9,10-二羟基-1,2-二甲氧基阿朴菲),其特征是其具有式(I)的结构:
2.权利要求1所述牛耳枫素的分离方法,其特征在于包括如下步骤:
(1)以凹叶瓜馥木的干燥根为原料,加入原料8-10质量倍的体积分数为90%的乙醇水溶液或甲醇水溶液,回流提取2-3次,每次提取2-3小时,依次过滤得到其提取液。然后加入原料6-10质量倍的体积分数为50%的乙醇水溶液或甲醇水溶液,回流提取2-3次,每次提取2-3小时,依次过滤得到其提取液。合并所有提取液,减压回收溶剂,浓缩后得到总浸膏,即为凹叶瓜馥木提取物;
(2)将上述50%乙醇浸膏与硅胶拌样,然后以硅胶柱进行梯度柱层析分离,具体作法是依次以二氯甲烷、体积比为20∶1的二氯甲烷-甲醇混合液、体积比为10∶1的二氯甲烷-甲醇混合液、体积比为5∶1的二氯甲烷-甲醇混合液、体积比为2∶1的二氯甲烷-甲醇混合液、纯甲醇、体积比为5∶1的甲醇水溶液为洗脱剂进行梯度柱层析;
(3)将上述体积比为5∶1的二氯甲烷-甲醇混合液洗脱的流分合并浓缩,将所得物质继续以体积比为10∶1的二氯甲烷-甲醇混合液为洗脱液进行硅胶柱层析,再以纯甲醇为洗脱剂的Sephadex LH-20凝胶柱纯化,得到式I所示牛耳枫素。
3.权利要求1的牛耳枫素在制备成Aβ聚集抑制剂、乙酰胆碱酯酶和丁酰胆碱酯酶抑制剂及抗阿尔茨海默病药物的应用。
4.包含权利要求1的含牛耳枫素的凹叶瓜馥木提取物。
5.权利要求4的凹叶瓜馥木提取物在制备成Aβ聚集抑制剂、乙酰胆碱酯酶和丁酰胆碱酯酶抑制剂及抗阿尔茨海默病药物的应用。
6.一种药物组合物,其特征是包含权利要求1的牛耳枫素或其药学上可接受的盐,以及药学上可接受的载体和/或赋形剂。
7.权利要求6的药物组合物在制备成Aβ聚集抑制剂、乙酰胆碱酯酶和丁酰胆碱酯酶抑制剂及抗阿尔茨海默病药物的应用。
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