CN116536440A - 基于多重荧光探针法qPCR的支原体检测试剂盒及其应用方法 - Google Patents
基于多重荧光探针法qPCR的支原体检测试剂盒及其应用方法 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
本发明涉及微生物检测技术领域,旨在提供一种基于多重荧光探针法qPCR的支原体检测试剂盒及其应用方法。该试剂盒,包括:支原体检测反应缓冲液;引物和探针组混合液;其引物序列如SEQ ID NO.1‑10所示,探针序列如SEQ ID NO.11‑14所示;阳性对照是将支原体阳性样本克隆获得目的基因片段,然后连接至pUC57载体上获得阳性标准质粒;阴性对照是为不含有核酸的DNA稀释缓冲液;内部质控包含参考基因的大肠杆菌基因组DNA。本发明可检测超过180种支原体,能检测到的支原体种类覆盖度高于现有方法;灵敏度高于现有的检测技术;通过加入内部质控以监测反应体系中的抑制物的存在与否,避免假阴性,提高准确度;在使用时采用两步法PCR,能够实现细胞培养过程中支原体污染的快速检测。
Description
技术领域
本发明属于微生物检测技术领域,具体涉及一种基于多重荧光探针法qPCR的支原体检测试剂盒及其应用方法,该试剂盒涉及特异性检测支原体的引物、探针及优化的反应体系。
背景技术
支原体属于柔膜菌纲,大小介于细菌和病毒之间;可在无生命培养基中生长繁殖的最小原核细胞型微生物,没有细胞壁,大小约0.1-0.8μm,是细胞培养中的常见污染物。支原体容易通过标准灭菌过滤器,较难清除。支原体含有多个质粒,质粒与转座子共同编码产生抗药性,导致其容易对抗菌药物产生耐药性。支原体污染具有隐蔽性,培养基一般不浑浊,常规光学显微镜下无法观察到。实际上此时细胞生长已受到抑制,并能导致染色体畸变等。由于对细胞培养实验的结果影响巨大,因此在生物制药企业或科研机构的研发过程中,凡涉及细胞培养的过程都需要进行支原体的检测,以确保放行产品和科研用细胞都不含支原体。
目前我国药典规定的支原体检测的方法包括培养法和指示细胞培养法。以上2种检测方法通常耗时较长,如培养法至少28天。近年来,细胞治疗药物发展快速,且其上市周期快,货架期短,培养法和指示细胞法均无法满足药物放行的时间要求,因此迫切需求一种快速、高效支原体检测方法。
核酸法作为一种替代方法,已得到美国、欧洲、英国以及日本药典的认可,并将核酸法验证要求的相关标准写入药典。市面上也陆续出现一些核酸法检测支原体的试剂盒,但能够覆盖的支原体种类较少。
基于上述原因,本发明基于多重荧光探针法qPCR设计支原体特异性引物及探针组,并优化反应体系,构建了一种快速、高效及支原体检测种类覆盖范围更广的试剂盒。
发明内容
本发明要解决的技术问题是,克服现有技术中的不足,提供一种基于多重荧光探针法qPCR的支原体检测试剂盒及其应用方法。
为解决技术问题,本发明的解决方案是:
提供一种基于多重荧光探针法qPCR的支原体检测试剂盒,包括:支原体检测反应缓冲液;引物和探针组混合液;其引物序列如SEQ ID NO.1-10所示,探针序列如SEQIDNO.11-14所示;阳性对照是将支原体阳性样本克隆获得目的基因片段,然后连接至pUC57载体上获得阳性标准质粒;阴性对照是为不含有核酸的DNA稀释缓冲液;内部质控包含参考基因的大肠杆菌基因组DNA,该参考基因是将随机合成的DNA片段转座至大肠杆菌基因组获得的。随机合成片段与NCBI上序列都不具有序列同源性,适合作为内部控制序列。
作为本发明的优选方案,所述DNA稀释缓冲液具体是指:25mM Tris-HCl,pH 8.0,150mM NaCl的Tris-HCl缓冲液。该缓冲液中不含有核酸,不包含支原体基因组DNA。
本发明进一步提供了前述支原体检测试剂盒的应用方法,是将该试剂盒用于多重荧光探针法qPCR检测;检测时采用两步法反应,反应程序为:预变性94℃10min,循环反应95℃10s,60℃30s,设置为45个循环。
作为本发明的优选方案,在多重荧光qPCR反应体系中,各组分的用量为:支原体支原体检测反应缓冲液10μl,引物和探针混合液5μl,内部质控1μl,待测样品、阳性对照及阴性对照4μl,反应体系的终体积为20μl。
与现有技术相比,本发明的有益效果是:
1、本发明的试剂盒产品用于多重荧光探针法qPCR,根据支原体16S rDNA保守区设计多个特异性引物及探针,同时根据参考基因序列设计特异性引物和探针。其中检测支原体DNA的报告荧光选择FAM标记,猝灭基团选择BHQ1,检测参考基因的报告荧光则选择Cy5标记,猝灭基团选择BHQ3。因此,本发明采用多个支原体特异性引物组合的做法能够覆盖较多的支原体种类。通过Primer-BLAST统计,可检测超过180种支原体,能检测到的支原体种类覆盖度高于现有方法。
2、本发明的试剂盒产品选择两种不同荧光标记探针分别检测参考基因及支原体DNA,支原体检测灵敏度可达5个基因组拷贝数(Genome Copies,GC),灵敏度高于现有的检测技术。
3、通常在细胞培养过程中会产生抑制PCR反应的物质,为了检测提取的样品不含PCR反应抑制物,本发明通过加入内部质控以监测反应体系中的抑制物的存在与否,避免假阴性,提高准确度。
4、本发明试剂盒产品在使用时采用两步法PCR,反应时间可缩短至67min,能够实现细胞培养过程中支原体污染的快速检测。
附图说明
图1为本发明中试剂盒扩增效率结果图;
图2为10种支原体基因组DNA扩增结果图;
图3为16种非支原体生物样本DNA扩增结果图;
图4为内部质控DNA扩增结果图;
图5为支原体基因组检测灵敏度结果图。
具体实施方案
为进一步解释说明本发明,下面结合具体实施例对本发明内容作进一步详细说明,实施例并不对本发明做任何形式的限定。
实施案例1:引物及探针组设计
从NCBI下载所有的支原体16S rRNA(包括欧洲药典提到的10种支原体验证种类)序列以及其近缘微生物(梭酸菌属Clostridium、乳酸杆菌属Lactobacillus以及链球菌属Streptococcus)和常见微生物的16S rRNA序列,包括蜡状芽孢杆菌Bacillus cereus、枯草芽孢杆菌B.subtilis、弗氏柠檬酸杆菌Citrobacter freundii、产气荚膜梭菌Clostridiumperfringens、产气肠杆菌E.aerogenes、阪崎肠杆菌Enterobacter sakazaki、粪肠球菌Enterococcus faecalis、大肠埃希氏杆菌Escherichia coli、产酸克雷伯氏菌Klebsiellaoxytoca、保加利亚乳杆菌Lactobacillus bulgaris、伊氏利斯特菌Listeria ivanovii、李斯特菌L.monocytogenes、铜绿假单胞菌Pseudomonas aeruginosa、痢疾志贺氏菌Shigelladysenteriae、金黄色葡萄球菌Staphylococcus aureus、粪链球菌Streptococcusfaecalis、耶尔森菌Yersinia enterocolitica、毕赤酵母Pichia pastoris,进行序列比对,筛选支原体特异性的区段,寻找两端特异中间保守的区段,设计引物,并在NCBI上进行Primer-BLAST引物序列比对,分析引物的特异性,并外送合成引物。根据探针设计的原则,在扩增片段的中间保守区域设计探针,设计长度为25-32bp的探针,在探针的5’端加上荧光基团FAM,3’端加上猝灭基团BHQ1,并外送合成探针。引物和探针组的序列信息如表1。
表1支原体和内控特异性引物和探针组
本发明采用多个支原体特异性引物组合的做法能够覆盖较多的支原体种类。通过Primer-BLAST统计,可检测超过180余种支原体,能检测到的支原体种类覆盖度高于现有方法。
实施案例2:试剂盒的体系配制、检测步骤及结果判定标准
本发明提供的试剂盒中,包括:支原体检测反应缓冲液(南京诺唯赞生物科技股份有限公司)、引物和探针组混合液(Primer&Probe Mix)、阳性对照(Positive control,PC)、内部质控(Internal control,IC)以及可作为阴性对照的DNA稀释缓冲液(DNA DilutedBuffer)。
将本发明的试剂盒用于多重荧光探针法qPCR检测的方法,具体包括以下步骤:
(1)配制多重荧光qPCR反应体系:10μl支原体检测反应缓冲液,5μl的引物和探针混合液,1μl内部质控IC,最后加入4μl的待测样品、阳性对照及阴性对照,反应体系的终体积为20μl。
(2)将步骤(1)中的多重荧光探针qPCR反应体系轻微震荡混匀,并离心,避免气泡。
(3)对步骤(2)中的qPCR反应体系进行扩增;创建FAM探针,选择荧光报告基团为FAM,荧光猝灭基团为none;创建Cy5探针,选择荧光报告基团为Cy5,荧光猝灭基团为none;采用两步法PCR反应,扩增程序设置为:94℃预变性10min,95℃循环反应10sec,60℃反应30sec,设置为45个循环。
以ABI 7500Fast为例:
创建FAM探针,选择荧光报告基团为FAM,荧光猝灭基团为none;创建Cy5探针,选择荧光报告基团为Cy5,荧光猝灭基团为none;选择检测参比荧光为ROX(可选择);扩增程序设置为:预变性94℃10min,循环反应95℃10s,60℃30s,设置为45个循环;Volume选择20μl。qPCR反应后,使用7500Software v2.3软件进行结果分析。每个反应重复3次。
结果判定标准:对于质控样品,阴性和阳性对照的Cy5信号通道的Ct值均小于40且有有效的“S”型扩增曲线,阳性对照的FAM信号通道的Ct小于40且有有效的“S”型扩增曲线,阴性对照的FAM信号通道的Ct大于或等于40或者扩增曲线无明显起峰。
以上qPCR反应程序采用两步法,整个程序反应时长约为67min,市面上支原体检测试剂盒多采用三步法,整个程序反应时长约需2.5h,因此进一步缩短了检测时长。
实施案例3:标准曲线绘制
将阳性标准质粒进行梯度稀释,稀释拷贝数浓度分别为106、105、104、103、102、10,共6个梯度浓度,以上述稀释的DNA作为模板,按照实施案例2的反应体系配制方法配制qPCR反应体系,DNA稀释缓冲液作为阴性对照,进行qPCR反应。反应程序结束后使用7500Software v2.3软件进行结果分析,绘制标准曲线。
结果分析:由附图4可知,标准曲线决定系数R2值为0.994,扩增效率为100.54%。
实施案例4:支原体检测试剂盒的特异性验证
从商业途径购买10种支原体标准品DNA,分别为精氨酸支原体Mycoplasmaarginini、口腔支原体M.orale、鸡败血支原体M.gallisepticum、肺炎支原体M.pneumonia、关节液支原体M.synoviae、发酵支原体M.fermentans、猪鼻支原体M.hyorhinis、莱氏无胆甾原体Acholeplasma laidlawii、柑橘螺原体Spiroplasma citri以及唾液支原体M.salivarium,同时购买近缘微生物和常见微生物的标准菌株以及生产科研中常用细胞等非支原体生物,如无乳链球菌、蜡状芽孢杆菌、生孢杆菌、粪肠球菌、大肠杆菌、单增李斯特菌、小肠结肠炎耶尔森菌、弗氏柠檬酸杆菌、金黄色葡萄球菌、枯草芽孢杆菌、铜绿假单胞、沙门氏菌、HEK293细胞、VERO细胞、MDCK细胞以及CHO细胞,用于提取DNA。提取的非支原体生物DNA与支原体标准品DNA共同进行qPCR,用于检测试剂盒的特异性。
使用QIAamp DNA Micro Kit(QIAGEN,Germany)提取上述近缘微生物、常见微生物以及生产科研中常用细胞的基因组DNA,采用Qubit测定浓度,根据浓度及基因组大小,按照公式如下:拷贝数(copies/μl)=[质粒浓度(ng/ul)×10-9×6.02×1023]/[克隆产物碱基数×660(g/mol)],计算上述非支原体生物基因组DNA拷贝数浓度,并通过稀释将浓度配制为104copies/μl,用于qPCR检测本发明的支原体检测试剂盒的特异性。
按照表2配制qPCR反应体系。
表格中针对特异性检测验证给出样本加入方式。其中,非支原体生物DNA样品是用于检测设计的针对支原体的引物和探针的特异性。在核酸分子检测体系中,除了靶标之外,还有用于监测反应体系的内标。内标可以分为内源性内标和外源性内标。内源性内标常为待检测物种的管家基因,可伴随样本的采集而进入检测体系;外源性内标则是人工添加的样品,可为人工合成的基因片段、无感染性的假病毒或病毒颗粒。本发明中内控参考基因的人工合成采用规技术,使用与NCBI上所有序列不具有同源性的随机合成的序列。
表2反应体系配制
利用ABI 7500Fast仪器,按照实施案例2的方法步骤,进行qPCR反应。
结果分析:
图2显示支原体样本扩增图谱出现“S”型曲线形态,说明试剂盒能够检测支原体样本DNA;图3显示非支原体生物样本DNA未出现“S”型扩增曲线,说明试剂盒不能够检测非支原体生物样本DNA。以上结果表明本发明的支原体检测试剂盒的特异性较好;图4显示内部质控的扩增曲线结果较为一致,说明其稳定性较好。
实施案例5:试剂盒检测限验证
将108拷贝数肺炎支原体及口腔支原体基因组DNA进行稀释,拷贝数浓度稀释为104、103、102、10、7.5、5、2.5,以上述稀释的DNA作为模板,按照实施案例2的反应体系配制方法配制qPCR反应体系,DNA稀释缓冲液作为阴性对照,进行qPCR反应。qPCR反应程序按照实施案例2的描述进行设置。分别在3个不同的工作日,对每个稀释浓度进行8次重复实验,反应程序结束后使用7500Software v2.3软件进行结果分析,共可得到24个数据。数据统计使用Excel表格进行,以95%(n≥24)的阳性检出率作为最低检测限确定的标准。
结果分析:由图5A和5B显示肺炎支原体的检测限可到达7.5个基因组拷贝数,口腔支原体的检测限可达到5个基因组拷贝数。由此可知,该检测试剂盒的灵敏度较高。
以上所述,仅是本发明的一个实施案例而已,并非对本发明做任何形式上的限制,虽然本发明已以较佳实施案例揭示如上,然而并非用以限定本发明,任何熟悉本专业的技术人员,在不脱离本发明技术方案范围内,当可利用上述揭示的结构及技术内容做出某些更动或修改而成为等同变化的等效实施案例。凡是未脱离本发明技术方案的内容,依据本发明的技术实质对以上实施案例所作的任何简单修改、等同变化与修饰,均仍属于本发明技术方案范围内。
Claims (4)
1.一种基于多重荧光探针法qPCR的支原体检测试剂盒,其特征在于,包括:
支原体检测反应缓冲液;
引物和探针组混合液;其引物序列如SEQ ID NO.1-10所示,探针序列如SEQ ID NO.11-14所示;
阳性对照是将支原体阳性样本克隆获得目的基因片段,然后连接至pUC57载体上获得阳性标准质粒;
阴性对照是为不含有核酸的DNA稀释缓冲液;
内部质控包含参考基因的大肠杆菌基因组DNA,该参考基因是将随机合成的DNA片段转座至大肠杆菌基因组获得的。
2.根据权利要求1所述的支原体检测试剂盒,其特征在于,所述DNA稀释缓冲液具体是指:25mM Tris-HCl,pH 8.0,150mM NaCl的Tris-HCl缓冲液。
3.权利要求1所述支原体检测试剂盒的应用方法,其特征在于,是将该试剂盒用于多重荧光探针法qPCR检测;检测时采用两步法反应,反应程序为:预变性94℃10min,循环反应95℃10s,60℃30s,设置为45个循环。
4.根据权利要求3所述的方法,其特征在于,在多重荧光qPCR反应体系中,各组分的用量为:支原体检测反应缓冲液10μl,引物和探针混合液5μl,内部质控1μl,待测样品、阳性对照及阴性对照4μl,反应体系的终体积为20μl。
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