CN116512697A - 一种芯层为负泊松比构型的金属夹层板 - Google Patents
一种芯层为负泊松比构型的金属夹层板 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
本发明公开了一种芯层为负泊松比构型的金属夹层板，包括中间芯层和分别位于中间芯层两侧的两层金属面板，其特征在于，所述的中间芯层包括芯层框架和高分子材料填充层，芯层框架两侧与两层金属面板之间均设有高分子材料填充层；芯层框架内设有空腔。本发明兼顾了强度、刚度、减振降噪性能，适用于船舶与海洋工程装备的上层建筑甲板、平台甲板及围壁结构。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及一种芯层为负泊松比构型的金属夹层板，属于船舶与海洋工程领域。
背景技术
随着现代结构工程向轻量化、工艺简化、多功能化发展，许多工程采用了新的结构形式，如船舶与海洋工程中，船舶甲板及围壁采用金属的夹层板4(如图1b所示)替代传统的板1+加强筋2的结构形式(如图1a所示)，强梁3设于船舶甲板上。金属夹层板由两侧面板及中间夹芯层组成，面板为金属材质，如铝、钢、钛合金等，按其夹芯层结构的材料以及与面板的连接方式可分为激光焊接夹层板、蜂窝式夹层板、桁架式夹层板、SPS夹层板(SPS，Sandwich Panel System)，混凝土夹层板等。目前最常用的金属夹层板为激光焊接金属夹层板和SPS夹层板。激光焊接金属夹层板的面板与芯层通过激光焊接连接，夹心层为金属折叠式薄板或构件，如图2所示(为Metawell公司的夹层板专利产品)，多用于承受一定载荷的结构部位；SPS夹层板由两层钢板(金属面板5)及中间泡沫等高分子芯材6组成，如图3所示，多用于载荷水平较低的部位，或作为装饰板使用。
激光焊接金属夹层板虽强度、刚度高，抗冲击性能强，但是由于其面板和芯层均为金属材料，金属芯层作为“声桥”连接两侧面板，对声振波的隔离性能相对较差，通常其抗振、隔声性能劣于高分子材料填充的SPS夹层板，而后者在强度、刚度性能上又劣于前者。
发明内容
本发明要解决的技术问题是：如何使得金属夹层板同时满足强度、刚度性能以及抗振、隔声性能的问题。
为了解决上述技术问题，本发明的技术方案是提供了一种芯层为负泊松比构型的金属夹层板，包括中间芯层和分别位于中间芯层两侧的两层金属面板，其特征在于，所述的中间芯层包括芯层框架和高分子材料填充层，芯层框架两侧与两层金属面板之间均设有高分子材料填充层；芯层框架内设有空腔。
优选地，所述的芯层框架为负泊松比构型结构。
优选地，所述的芯层框架为沙漏型或月牙型的负泊松比构型结构。
优选地，所述的芯层框架为单层或多层结构。
优选地，所述的芯层框架的材质为金属或高硬度树脂。
优选地，所述的芯层框架的制作方式包括3D打印、浇注；芯层框架制作完毕后，采用注塑工艺将高分子填充物兼粘合剂注入芯层框架与上下金属面板之间的空隙，形成完整的夹层板。
优选地，所述的芯层框架厚度tm控制在中间芯层厚度tc的0.2～0.9倍。
优选地，所述的芯层框架的胞元倾角α1、α2控制在20°～85°；胞元的宽度w1控制在胞元高度h的0.1～10倍；任意相邻两个胞元之间的间距w2控制在胞元宽度w1的0.5～5倍。
优选地，所述的中间芯层的空腔处预埋有用于监测夹层板的应力应变和振动响应的科学测试用传感器及连接电缆；科学测试用传感器包括应变测试传感器、加速度传感器。
优选地，所述的金属夹层板为平板或曲面板。
本发明兼顾了强度、刚度、减振降噪性能，适用于船舶与海洋工程上层建筑甲板、平台甲板及围壁结构。
相对于目前船舶与海洋工程常用的金属夹层板，本发明提出的金属夹层板具有如下有益效果：
1)更好的减振降噪性能；
2)相对于激光焊接金属夹层板，本发明的金属面板与中间芯层之间由高分子填充物粘合，不存在焊接变形等焊接工艺问题；
3)相对于直接用高分子材料填充的传统SPS夹层板，本发明通过增加负泊松比构型芯层框架，从而增加了中间芯层强度，同时中空结构也降低了芯层重量。
附图说明
图1a为传统的板与加强筋结合的结构示意图；
图1b为现有金属夹层板的结构示意图；
图2为激光焊接金属夹层板的结构示意图；
图3为SPS夹层板的结构示意图；
图4为一种芯层为负泊松比构型的金属夹层板的示意图(单层月牙型)；
图5为一种芯层为负泊松比构型的金属夹层板的示意图(单层沙漏型)；
图6为一种芯层为负泊松比构型的金属夹层板的示意图(多层沙漏型)；
图7为芯层框架的单个胞元在受到单轴压缩时候的受力示意图；
图8为芯层框架上胞元之间的参数示意图。
具体实施方式
为使本发明更明显易懂，兹以优选实施例，并配合附图作详细说明如下。
本发明提供了一种芯层为负泊松比构型的金属夹层板，适用于船舶与海洋工程装备的上层建筑甲板、平台甲板及围壁结构。如图4、图5所示，其由两层金属面板5、中间芯层7组成，中间芯层7包含负泊松比构型的芯层框架8和高分子材料填充层9。芯层框架8为沙漏型或月牙型的负泊松比构型，材料为金属材料或高硬度树脂。芯层框架8与两层金属面板5之间用高分子材料填充，形成高分子材料填充层9，如聚氨酯，热塑性聚氨酯，聚乙烯等。金属材料包括钢、铝合金、钛合金。
芯层框架8可做成单层或多层形式，如图6所示。芯层框架8由3D打印、浇注等方式制作，制作完毕后，采用注塑工艺将高分子填充物兼粘合剂注入芯层框架8与上下金属面板5之间的空隙形成完整的夹层板。
芯层框架8厚度tm控制在中间芯层7厚度tc的0.2～0.9倍，芯层框架8的单个胞元如图7所示，其为负泊松比构型，具体表现为：胞元在受到单轴压缩(拉伸)时，在另一轴也产生收缩(膨胀)变形。如图8所示，胞元的倾角α1、α2控制在20°～85°，胞元的宽度w1控制在0.1～10倍高度h，任意相邻两个胞元之间的间距w2控制在0.5～5倍w1。
本发明的夹层板除了可以制成平板之外也可以制成弧形或其他曲面形式。
中间芯层7的空腔处可预埋应变测试传感器、加速度传感器等科学测试用传感器及连接电缆，用于监测夹层板的应力应变和振动响应，增加夹层板状态感知能力，形成智能产品。
Claims (10)
1.一种芯层为负泊松比构型的金属夹层板，包括中间芯层(7)和分别位于中间芯层(7)两侧的两层金属面板(5)，其特征在于，所述的中间芯层(7)包括芯层框架(8)和高分子材料填充层(9)，芯层框架(8)两侧与两层金属面板(5)之间均设有高分子材料填充层(9)；芯层框架(8)内设有空腔。
2.如权利要求1所述的一种芯层为负泊松比构型的金属夹层板，其特征在于，所述的芯层框架(8)为负泊松比构型结构。
3.如权利要求2所述的一种芯层为负泊松比构型的金属夹层板，其特征在于，所述的芯层框架(8)为沙漏型或月牙型的负泊松比构型结构。
4.如权利要求2或3所述的一种芯层为负泊松比构型的金属夹层板，其特征在于，所述的芯层框架(8)为单层或多层结构。
5.如权利要求1所述的一种芯层为负泊松比构型的金属夹层板，其特征在于，所述的芯层框架(8)的材质为金属或高硬度树脂。
6.如权利要求1所述的一种芯层为负泊松比构型的金属夹层板，其特征在于，所述的芯层框架(8)的制作方式包括3D打印、浇注；芯层框架(8)制作完毕后，采用注塑工艺将高分子填充物兼粘合剂注入芯层框架(8)与上下金属面板(5)之间的空隙，形成完整的夹层板。
7.如权利要求1所述的一种芯层为负泊松比构型的金属夹层板，其特征在于，所述的芯层框架(8)厚度tm控制在中间芯层(7)厚度tc的0.2～0.9倍。
8.如权利要求1所述的一种芯层为负泊松比构型的金属夹层板，其特征在于，所述的芯层框架(8)的胞元倾角α1、α2控制在20°～85°；胞元的宽度w1控制在胞元高度h的0.1～10倍；任意相邻两个胞元之间的间距w2控制在胞元宽度w1的0.5～5倍。
9.如权利要求1所述的一种芯层为负泊松比构型的金属夹层板，其特征在于，所述的中间芯层(7)的空腔处预埋有用于监测夹层板的应力应变和振动响应的科学测试用传感器及连接电缆；科学测试用传感器包括应变测试传感器、加速度传感器。
10.如权利要求1所述的一种芯层为负泊松比构型的金属夹层板，其特征在于，所述的金属夹层板为平板或曲面板。
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