CN111251674A - 空间格构腹板增强复合材料夹芯结构及制备方法 - Google Patents

空间格构腹板增强复合材料夹芯结构及制备方法 Download PDF

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CN111251674A
CN111251674A CN202010161715.0A CN202010161715A CN111251674A CN 111251674 A CN111251674 A CN 111251674A CN 202010161715 A CN202010161715 A CN 202010161715A CN 111251674 A CN111251674 A CN 111251674A
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方海
曹鹏飞
刘伟庆
祝露
韩娟
霍瑞丽
方园
齐玉军
吴鹏
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Nanjing Tech University
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Abstract

本发明公开了一种空间格构腹板增强复合材料夹芯结构及制备方法，该结构沿芯材的厚度方向上竖直或斜向切开，切开后芯材包裹纤维布，与树脂固化后形成空间格构腹板；芯材上下铺设纤维布，与树脂固化后形成纤维面板。本发明普遍应用于承载力较大的结构件，如：桥面板、建筑面板、道路面板、防撞面板等。本发明空间格构腹板增强复合材料夹芯结构与其他产品相比，其最大的特点是错位格构腹板或倾斜格构腹板可明显减少夹芯结构承载力的弹性突变，使复合材料夹芯结构的整体受力性能得到明显的改善。

Description

空间格构腹板增强复合材料夹芯结构及制备方法
技术领域
本发明涉及一种空间格构腹板增强复合材料夹芯结构梁、板、壳结构件，它普遍应用于建筑、桥梁、防撞等领域负荷较大的结构件，如：桥面板、道路面板、墙面板、楼面板、防撞面板等。
背景技术
复合材料夹芯结构由三部分组成，包括最外层面板、中间层芯材和连接芯材和面板的格构腹板。最外层面板主要承受弯曲变形引起的正应力，采用高强度、高模量的材料制造，如层压的碳纤维或玻璃纤维布等；中间层芯材为夹芯结构提供足够的截面惯性矩，主要承受剪应力，常用蜂窝、泡沫、轻木等材料。面板和芯材之间是格构腹板，通过树脂将两者粘接在一起，常用不饱和聚酯、乙烯基树脂、环氧树脂、酚醛树脂等。
复合材料夹芯结构既充分利用了纤维材料强度高、重量轻的优势，又巧妙地借助轻质芯材所获得的截面惯性矩，可以达到理想的结构性能(如强度、刚度和吸能性能等)，由于其具有比强度和比刚度高、可设计性强等其他材料不可比拟的特点，以及适应于轻质、高速、安全、抗疲劳、耐腐蚀、隐形等特性的发展趋势，复合材料夹芯结构的应用领域越来越广泛，可涉及军事设施、国防工程、车辆、舰船、建筑、桥梁等领域；如发达国家采用复合材料夹芯结构制造舰船构件、火车及大型客车的车厢、集装箱、运料罐车以及化工储罐等，甚至用于美国宇航局漫游者号月球登陆车；在桥梁建筑领域，可用于屋面板、建筑模板、墙体隔板、桥面板、机场临时垫板、轻便舟桥等。由此可见，复合材料夹芯结构是一种具有广阔发展前景的材料与结构形式。
在我国，复合材料夹芯结构多以蜂窝为芯材，但蜂窝夹芯结构的面板与芯材的接触面积小，因此其粘结性能相对较弱。另外，我国也有以聚氨酯等泡沫为芯材的复合材料夹芯结构，但由于该泡沫的抗压和抗剪能力较低，因此并不能充分利用纤维面板的抗拉能力，从而使得该夹芯结构形式不能得以广泛应用。
发明内容
本发明的目的则是针对目前竖直格构腹板增强复合材料夹芯构件的弹性承载力突然下降，且弹性压缩行程短的不足，提供一种新型的空间格构腹板增强复合材料夹芯结构及制备方法，可显著改善复合材料夹芯结构的破坏模式，减少夹芯结构承载力的弹性突变，增加弹性压缩行程，降低夹芯结构的脆性。
本发明采用的技术方案如下：一种空间格构腹板增强复合材料夹芯结构，包括芯材、空间格构腹板和纤维面板层；
所述芯材在厚度方向上进行切割，在切开位置填充纤维布并导入树脂形成空间格构腹板，所述芯材的上下表面包裹纤维布并与树脂固化形成纤维面板层，所述纤维布为一层或多层；
所述的芯材可以水平布置，也可以竖直布置，形成不同方向的空间格构腹板；
所述的空间格构腹板可根据不同的设计要求改变格构腹板的空间位置，形成满足不同要求的空间格构腹板增强复合材料夹芯结构；所述的空间格构腹板可以按照一定比例的芯材宽度移动，将连续的空间格构腹板形成错位格构腹板；所述的空间格构腹板可以按照特定的角度倾斜，将空间格构腹板形成斜向格构腹板；
所述的空间格构腹板在芯材平面方向上可呈单向或双向布置，或根据受力要求多层布置。
作为优选，所述的芯材水平布置时，所述的空间格构腹板包括单向格构腹板夹心结构和双向格构腹板夹芯结构；所述单向格构腹板夹心结构包括单向正交垂直布置型夹芯结构、单向错位垂直布置型夹芯结构、单向梯形倾斜布置型夹芯结构、单向六边形倾斜布置型夹芯结构、单向八边形倾斜布置型夹芯结构，其试件加工尺寸参数可以根据设计要求进行改变以满足不同的需求；所述双向格构腹板夹芯结构包括双向正交垂直布置型夹芯结构、双向错位垂直布置型夹芯结构、双向梯形倾斜布置型夹芯结构，其材料的尺寸参数如单向格构腹板夹芯结构也可根据不同需求进行设置。
作为优选，所述的芯材竖直布置时，所述空间格构腹板包括正交竖直布置夹芯结构、错位竖直布置夹芯结构、六边形竖直布置夹芯结构。
作为优选，所述的纤维布用于包裹芯材的纤维可为任意种类，包括单轴向或双轴向的碳纤维、玻璃纤维、芳纶纤维等。
作为优选，所述的芯材为泡沫、轻木或其他任意材质，包括聚氨酯泡沫、聚氯乙烯泡沫、碳泡沫、Balsa木、泡桐木、杉木、橡木或胶合板等。
作为优选，所述的树脂包括不饱和聚酯、乙烯基树脂、环氧树脂或酚醛树脂等。
上述的空间格构腹板增强复合材料夹芯结构的制备方法，包括以下步骤：
a.沿芯材的厚度方向切开，可根据设计需求，可沿垂直或倾斜方向切开。在芯材平面方向上，可单向也可双向切开，切开的位置、尺寸与数量可根据受力需要任意布置；
b.切开完毕的芯材可根据夹芯结构的需要，加工成梁、板、壳等形状；
c.将一层或多层纤维布填充于切开的位置上，再将一层或多层纤维布铺设于芯材的上下表面；
d.通过真空袋成型工艺、真空导入成型工艺等工艺将树脂灌入到真空袋或模具中；
e.待树脂固化成型后，取出，填充有纤维布的切开位置与树脂固化形成空间格构腹板，纤维布与树脂固化成纤维面板层。通过上述方法即可获得一种结构承载力显著提高、弹性承载力突变显著降低、破坏模式显著改善的空间格构腹板增强复合材料夹芯结构。
有益效果：本发明格构增强型复合材料夹芯结构与其他产品相比，其最大的特点是沿芯材厚度方向竖直错位布置或倾斜布置的空间格构腹板与水平正交布置格构腹板相比，不仅可以明显提高夹芯结构的承载能力、面板与芯材的抗剥离能力，而且可以有效减少夹芯结构承载力的弹性突变，改善其破坏模式，降低夹芯结构的脆性。
附图说明
图1为本发明的单向正交垂直布置型夹芯结构；
图2为本发明的单向错位垂直布置型夹芯结构；
图3为本发明的单向梯形倾斜布置型夹芯结构；
图4为本发明的单向六边形倾斜布置型夹芯结构；
图5为本发明的单向八边形倾斜布置型夹芯结构；
图6为本发明的双向正交垂直布置型夹芯结构；
图7为本发明的双向错位垂直布置型夹芯结构；
图8为本发明的双向梯形倾斜布置型夹芯结构；
图9为本发明的正交竖直布置夹芯结构；
图10为本发明的错位竖直布置夹芯结构；
图11为本发明的六边形竖直布置夹芯结构。
附图中：1为芯材；2为空间格构腹板；3为纤维面板层。t1为夹层格构厚度、八字形格构厚度及蜂窝形格构厚度，t2为上纤维面板层厚度，t3为下纤维面板层厚度，l为横向泡沫夹芯厚度，h为纵向泡沫夹芯厚度，l1、l2为错位泡沫夹芯厚度，θ为格构夹角。
具体实施方式
下面结合附图和具体实施方式对本发明作进一步地说明：
如图1-11所示，一种空间格构腹板增强复合材料夹芯结构，包括芯材1、空间格构腹板2和纤维面板层3；
所述芯材1在厚度方向上进行切割，在切开位置填充纤维布并导入树脂形成空间格构腹板2，所述芯材1的上下表面包裹纤维布并与树脂固化形成纤维面板层3，所述纤维布为一层或多层；
所述的芯材1水平布置时，所述的空间格构腹板2包括单向格构腹板夹心结构和双向格构腹板夹芯结构；所述单向格构腹板夹心结构包括单向正交垂直布置型夹芯结构、单向错位垂直布置型夹芯结构、单向梯形倾斜布置型夹芯结构、单向六边形倾斜布置型夹芯结构、单向八边形倾斜布置型夹芯结构，其试件加工尺寸参数可以根据设计要求进行改变以满足不同的需求；所述双向格构腹板夹芯结构包括双向正交垂直布置型夹芯结构、双向错位垂直布置型夹芯结构、双向梯形倾斜布置型夹芯结构，其材料的尺寸参数如单向格构腹板夹芯结构也可根据不同需求进行设置。
所述的芯材1竖直布置时，所述空间格构腹板2包括正交竖直布置夹芯结构、错位竖直布置夹芯结构、六边形竖直布置夹芯结构。
所述的纤维布用于包裹芯材的纤维可为任意种类，包括单轴向或双轴向的碳纤维、玻璃纤维、芳纶纤维等。所述的芯材1为泡沫、轻木或其他任意材质，包括聚氨酯泡沫、聚氯乙烯泡沫、碳泡沫、Balsa木、泡桐木、杉木、橡木或胶合板等。所述的树脂包括不饱和聚酯、乙烯基树脂、环氧树脂或酚醛树脂等。
上述的空间格构腹板增强复合材料夹芯结构的制备方法，包括以下步骤：
a.沿芯材的厚度方向切开，可根据设计需求，可沿垂直或倾斜方向切开。在芯材平面方向上，可单向也可双向切开，切开的位置、尺寸与数量可根据受力需要任意布置；
b.切开完毕的芯材可根据夹芯结构的需要，加工成梁、板、壳等形状；
c.将一层或多层纤维布填充于切开的位置上，再将一层或多层纤维布铺设于芯材的上下表面；
d.通过真空袋成型工艺、真空导入成型工艺等工艺将树脂灌入到真空袋或模具中；
e.待树脂固化成型后，取出，填充有纤维布的切开位置与树脂固化形成空间格构腹板，纤维布与树脂固化成纤维面板层。通过上述方法即可获得一种结构承载力显著提高、弹性承载力突变显著降低、破坏模式显著改善的空间格构腹板增强复合材料夹芯结构。
以上结合附图对本发明的实施方式做出详细说明，但本发明不局限于所描述的实施方式。对本领域的普通技术人员而言，在本发明的原理和技术思想的范围内，对这些实施方式进行多种变化、修改、替换和变形仍落入本发明的保护范围内。

Claims (7)

1.一种空间格构腹板增强复合材料夹芯结构，其特征在于：包括芯材、空间格构腹板和纤维面板层；
所述芯材在厚度方向上进行切割，在切开位置填充纤维布并导入树脂形成空间格构腹板，所述芯材的上下表面包裹纤维布并与树脂固化形成纤维面板层，所述纤维布为一层或多层；
所述的芯材为水平布置或竖直布置，形成不同方向的空间格构腹板；
所述的空间格构腹板包括错位格构腹板和斜向格构腹板；
所述的空间格构腹板在芯材平面方向上呈单向或双向布置，或根据受力要求多层布置。
2.根据权利要求1所述的空间格构腹板增强复合材料夹芯结构，其特征在于：所述的芯材水平布置时，所述的空间格构腹板包括单向格构腹板夹心结构和双向格构腹板夹芯结构；所述单向格构腹板夹心结构包括单向正交垂直布置型夹芯结构、单向错位垂直布置型夹芯结构、单向梯形倾斜布置型夹芯结构、单向六边形倾斜布置型夹芯结构、单向八边形倾斜布置型夹芯结构；所述双向格构腹板夹芯结构包括双向正交垂直布置型夹芯结构、双向错位垂直布置型夹芯结构、双向梯形倾斜布置型夹芯结构。
3.根据权利要求1所述的空间格构腹板增强复合材料夹芯结构，其特征在于：所述的芯材竖直布置时，所述空间格构腹板包括正交竖直布置夹芯结构、错位竖直布置夹芯结构、六边形竖直布置夹芯结构。
4.根据权利要求1所述的空间格构腹板增强复合材料夹芯结构，其特征在于：所述的纤维布为单轴向或双轴向的碳纤维、玻璃纤维、芳纶纤维。
5.根据权利要求1所述的空间格构腹板增强复合材料夹芯结构，其特征在于：所述的芯材为聚氨酯泡沫、聚氯乙烯泡沫、碳泡沫、Balsa木、泡桐木、杉木、橡木或胶合板。
6.根据权利要求1所述的空间格构腹板增强复合材料夹芯结构，其特征在于：所述的树脂为不饱和聚酯、乙烯基树脂、环氧树脂或酚醛树脂。
7.根据权利要求1、2、3、4、5或6所述的空间格构腹板增强复合材料夹芯结构的制备方法，包括以下步骤：
a.沿芯材的厚度方向切开：根据设计需求，沿垂直或倾斜方向切开；在芯材平面方向上，单向或双向切开，切开的位置、尺寸与数量根据受力需要布置；
b.切开完毕的芯材根据夹芯结构的需要，加工成梁、板、壳形状；
c.将一层或多层纤维布填充于切开的位置上，再将一层或多层纤维布铺设于芯材的上下表面；
d.通过真空袋成型工艺或真空导入成型工艺将树脂灌入到真空袋或模具中；
e.待树脂固化成型后，取出，填充有纤维布的切开位置与树脂固化形成空间格构腹板，纤维布与树脂固化成纤维面板层；通过上述方法即获得一种空间格构腹板增强复合材料夹芯结构。
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