CN116508779A - 一种用于防治瓜类细菌性果斑病的杀菌剂及其应用 - Google Patents
一种用于防治瓜类细菌性果斑病的杀菌剂及其应用 Download PDFInfo
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- A01C—PLANTING; SOWING; FERTILISING
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Abstract
本发明公开了一种用于防治瓜类细菌性果斑病的杀菌剂及其应用,属于农药技术领域。本发明公开了阿苯达唑在防治瓜类细菌性果斑病中的新用途,采用阿苯达唑对瓜类种子进行消毒处理,可杀灭瓜类种子表面携带的瓜类果斑病菌,有效从源头阻断病害的发生与传播,防治效果达100%,利用本发明提供的种子消毒技术,可显著提高种子发芽率和出苗率。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及农药技术领域,具体涉及一种含有效成分阿苯达唑的杀菌剂及其在防治瓜类细菌性果斑病上的应用。
背景技术
瓜类细菌性果斑病是由西瓜嗜酸菌Acidovoraxcitrulli引起的细菌性病害,为害葫芦科作物如西瓜、甜瓜、哈密瓜、苦瓜、南瓜、西葫芦、黄瓜、丝瓜、瓠瓜等,尤其是西瓜和甜瓜。该病害主要为害叶片和果实,病斑初期水渍状,湿度较高时有菌脓溢出,随雨水和昆虫进一步传播。叶片上后期形成黑褐色坏死病斑,病斑周围微黄,多个病斑可融合,严重时导致整株死亡。果皮上后期形成龟裂病斑,果肉水渍状腐烂或棉絮状坏死,导致果实失去经济价值。
瓜类细菌性果斑病是通过种子种苗进行远距离传播,是种传病害。病瓜收获的种子携带病原菌,如果病种得不到正确的处理,则会成为来年初侵染源,再次侵染植株引发病害,造成重大经济损失。农业有关管理部门要求制种公司进行产地监测与检验,种子营销单位所有的瓜类种子必须有专业机构出具的检验检疫证,在此基础上,植物检验检疫部门或农业执法部将对瓜类种子进行抽样,由专业机构进行检测。如果检测出种子带有瓜类果斑病菌,则要求同批次的种子封存销毁,对制种公司造成重大损失。由于产地监测与检验、种子检测要求专业性强,各地专业人员技术水平参差不齐,因此带菌种子流入广大种植户手中在所难免,引起植株田间发病,造成减产甚至绝收。
因此,正确的种子处理是有效防治瓜类细菌性果斑病、降低或避免经济损失的重要方法。
目前种子处理有物理、化学等方法,常用的物理法有干热处理和温汤浸种,研究表明干热处理的种子活菌量随处理温度升高或时间延长而下降,但是种子活力和发芽率也同样降低(张永平,张文献等.干热处理对甜瓜种子活力和细菌性果斑病抑制能力的影响[J].西北植物学报,2017,37(7):1364-1371.);温汤浸种不能完全杀菌,致使部分病原菌进入有活力但不可培养状态(VBNC)(王梦雨,姜娜等.不适温度条件诱导西瓜嗜酸菌进入VBNC状态的研究[J].植物病理学报,2021,51(1):104-114.)。因此,开发一种有效杀菌且不影响种子活力的种子处理方法是本领域技术人员需要解决的问题。
使用化学药剂浸种是防治细菌性果斑病的主要手段,专利文献CN 106063486A公开使用过氧乙酸和盐酸处理哈密瓜种子能有效防治种苗发病,对发芽率没有影响,但是否对出苗率有所影响并未提及。
阿苯达唑,化学式为C12H15N3O2S,是一种咪唑衍生物类广谱驱肠虫药物。专利文献CN 113662002 A公开阿苯达唑具有抑制稻瘟病菌的抑制活性。但目前尚无阿苯达唑在抗瓜类细菌性果斑病害方面的相关研究。
发明内容
本发明的目的在于提供一种用于防治瓜类细菌性果斑病的杀菌剂,以解决瓜类细菌性果斑病通过带菌种子传播引发病害发生的问题。
为实现上述目的,本发明采用如下技术方案:
本发明提供了阿苯达唑在制备防治瓜类细菌性果斑病病害的杀菌剂中的应用,所述阿苯达唑的结构式如式(Ⅰ)所示。
进一步的,所述瓜类为葫芦科作物,所述病害由西瓜嗜酸菌Acidovoraxcitrulli引起。
本发明研究表明,阿苯达唑对瓜类细菌性果斑病病菌具有显著抑制效果,将其应用到瓜类种子的消毒处理后,能够有效控制种子传播瓜类细菌性果斑病的发生,且显著提高种子的发芽率、出苗率。
进一步的,所述杀菌剂用于种子处理。所述杀菌剂中阿苯达唑用于防治瓜类细菌性果斑病的有效浓度为大于0.03mg/L。
所述杀菌剂以阿苯达唑作为活性成分,还可以添加农药剂型所需要的辅助成分。
本发明还提供了一种用于防治瓜类细菌性果斑病的种子处理剂,所述种子处理剂包括阿苯达唑和助剂成分,所述助剂成分包括润湿分散剂亚甲基双萘磺酸钠、农乳700#,增稠剂黄原胶、白炭黑,防冻剂乙二醇和防腐剂苯甲酸钠。
作为优选,以质量百分比计,所述种子处理剂的组分包括:阿苯达唑5-20%、亚甲基双萘磺酸钠1-5%、农乳700#1-5%、黄原胶0.1-1%、白炭黑0.1-1%、乙二醇1-10%、苯甲酸钠0.1-0.5%,余量为水。
更为优选,以质量百分比计,所述种子处理剂的组分包括:阿苯达唑10%、亚甲基双萘磺酸钠2%、农乳700#3%、黄原胶0.3%、白炭黑0.5%、乙二醇5%、苯甲酸钠0.2%,余量为水。
本发明还提供了一种防治瓜类细菌性果斑病的种子处理方法,所述种子处理方法包括:将所述的种子处理剂用水稀释100-600倍制得药剂稀释液,然后将种子浸泡在药剂稀释液中2-24h后捞出,清水洗涤后风干。
作为优选,所述种子处理剂用水稀释350倍制得药剂稀释液,然后将瓜类种子浸泡在稀释液中并不断搅拌12-24h后捞出。上述方法中种子浸泡于药剂中并不断搅拌使充分接触药液。
进一步的,所述种子为葫芦科作物种子,葫芦科作物包括但不限于:西瓜、甜瓜、苦瓜、南瓜、西葫芦、黄瓜、丝瓜、瓠瓜。
本发明具备的有益效果:
(1)本发明公开了阿苯达唑在防治瓜类细菌性果斑病中的新用途,采用阿苯达唑对瓜类种子进行消毒处理,可杀灭瓜类种子携带的果斑病菌,有效从源头阻断病害的发生与传播,防治效果达100%,可为制种公司、种子种苗经营单位和瓜农有效规避风险,减少因果斑病造成的经济损失。
(2)利用本发明提供的种子消毒技术,可显著提高种子发芽率和出苗率。
附图说明
图1为果斑病病菌菌株A.citrulliQT0801在LB培养基上的单菌落形态图。
图2为菌株A.citrulliQT0801在瓠瓜叶片上致病性试验症状图。
图3为菌株特异性片段的PCR扩增结果,其中(A)为引物SEQID4/SEQID5的扩增结果,(B)为引物BX-L1/BX-S-R2的扩增结果,泳道M为Marker,泳道1为阴性对照,泳道2-4分别为瓜类果斑病已鉴定菌株A.citrullixj112、A.citrullipslb116和A.citrullitw21,泳道5-9分别为QT0801、QT0806、QT0808、QT0812、QT0815。
图4为MALDI-TOF质谱鉴定报告。
图5为阿苯达唑对瓜类果斑病菌A.citrulliQT0801的毒力回归曲线。
图6为噻唑锌对瓜类果斑病菌A.citrulliQT0801的毒力回归曲线。
图7为种子处理剂浸种对西瓜果斑病的防控效果:A、阳性对照,B、阴性对照,C、杀菌剂1号,D、5%阿苯达唑,E、10%阿苯达唑,F、20%阿苯达唑。
图8为种子处理剂浸种12h对种子萌发率的影响:A、阳性对照,B、阴性对照,C、杀菌剂1号,D、5%阿苯达唑,E、10%阿苯达唑,F、20%阿苯达唑。
具体实施方式
下面结合具体实施例对本发明做进一步说明。以下实施例仅用于说明本发明,不用来限制本发明的适用范围。在不背离本发明精神和本质的情况下,对本发明方法、步骤或条件所做的修改或替换,均属于本发明的范围。
下述实施例中所使用的试验方法如无特殊说明,均为常规方法;所使用的材料、试剂等,如无特殊说明,为可从商业途径得到的试剂和材料。
阿苯达唑原药,CAS:54965-21-8;亚甲基双萘磺酸钠,CAS:36290-04-7;农乳700#,山东天道生物工程有限公司;黄原胶,CAS:11138-66-2;白炭黑,CAS:10279-57-9;乙二醇,CAS:2219-51-4;苯甲酸钠,CAS:532-32-1。
供试菌株:西瓜嗜酸菌A.citrulliQT0801,由浙江大学生物技术研究所楼兵干教授分离鉴定和致病力测定后超低温保存。具体分离鉴定及致病性试验如下:
1、分离培养鉴定
采集具有典型瓜类果斑病症状的样本,制成样品悬浮液,在LB培养基平板上划线分离,菌落白色,凸起,边缘光滑整齐。在28℃恒温培养48h,挑取可疑单菌落进行纯化,转接3次后,挑取单菌落5个,分别记为菌株QT0801、QT0806、QT0808、QT0812、QT0815,其中菌株QT0801在LB培养基上单菌落形态如图1所示,随后进行致病性测定。
2、致病性测定
将极早生瓠瓜种子用1%次氯酸钠消毒后播种出苗至4~6叶期。将上述分离保存的菌株分别制备成浓度为1×108CFU/mL菌悬液。采用喷雾法接种瓠瓜叶片,于25℃植物生长室中,套袋保湿48h,72h后调查发病情况。5个菌株都出现了瓜类果斑病典型症状,其中菌株QT0801侵染后的果斑病症状如图2所示。
3、特异性引物PCR鉴定
3.1PCR引物序列,如表1所示。
表1
3.2PCR反应体系及扩增条件
PCR反应体系(20μL):Green Taq Mix 10μL,dd H2O 8μL,上下游引物各0.5μL(10μmol/L),菌液模板1μL。
引物SEQID4/SEQID5 PCR反应程序为:95℃预变性5min;95℃变性30s,53℃退火30s,72℃延伸30s,35个循环;72℃延伸5min。
引物BX-L1/BX-S-R2 PCR反应程序为:94℃预变性5min;94℃变性30s,68.1℃退火30s,72℃延伸30s,35个循环;72℃延伸8min。
3.3琼脂糖凝胶电泳结果
PCR产物用1.5%琼脂糖凝胶进行电泳,电泳结束后,凝胶成像系统观察、拍照。扩增产物片段大小:引物SEQID4/SEQID5为246bp(图3A)引物BX-L1/BX-S-R2为279bp(图3B);与瓜类果斑病已鉴定菌株A.citrullixj112、A.citrullipslb116和A.citrullitw21一致。
4、MALDI-TOF质谱鉴定报告如图4所示,经鉴定菌株QT0801为西瓜嗜酸菌A.citrulli。
实施例1:制作种子消毒剂10%阿苯达唑悬浮剂
将98%阿苯达唑原药10.2g、亚甲基双萘磺酸钠2g、农乳700#3g、黄原胶0.3g、白炭黑0.5g、乙二醇5g、苯甲酸钠0.2g、去离子水75.8g充分混合,投入到高速剪切乳化机中粗磨均质,再转移至砂磨机中砂磨至粒径小于5μm后过滤即可得到10%阿苯达唑悬浮剂。
实施例2:制作种子消毒剂5%阿苯达唑悬浮剂
将98%阿苯达唑原药5.1g、亚甲基双萘磺酸钠1g、农乳700#5g、黄原胶0.1g、白炭黑1g、乙二醇1g、苯甲酸钠0.1g、去离子水91.6g充分混合,投入到高速剪切乳化机中粗磨均质,再转移至砂磨机中砂磨至粒径小于5μm后过滤即可得到5%阿苯达唑悬浮剂。
实施例3:制作种子消毒剂20%阿苯达唑悬浮剂
将98%阿苯达唑原药20.4g、亚甲基双萘磺酸钠5g、农乳700#1g、黄原胶1g、白炭黑0.1g、乙二醇10g、苯甲酸钠0.5g、去离子水62g充分混合,投入到高速剪切乳化机中粗磨均质,再转移至砂磨机中砂磨至粒径小于5μm后过滤即可得到20%阿苯达唑悬浮剂。
测试例1:阿苯达唑对瓜类果斑病菌的抑菌效果测定
1、供试菌株:西瓜嗜酸菌A.citrulliQT0801。
2、供试药剂:98%阿苯达唑原药。
3、对比药剂:95噻唑锌原药。
4、试验方法:
将98%阿苯达唑原药用冰醋酸溶解后加入无菌LB培养基中稀释成以下浓度梯度:0.03、0.04、0.05、0.07、0.09mg/L;将95%噻唑锌原药用二甲亚砜溶解后加入无菌LB培养基中稀释成以下浓度梯度:16.00、22.40、31.36、43.90、61.48mg/L。每个浓度重复3瓶,每瓶50mL。
加入100μL种子菌液,以50mLLB培养基加100μL种子菌液为阳性对照,以50mLLB培养基加100μL无菌水为阴性对照,28℃、200rpm震荡培养至阳性对照进入对数生长期后在600nm下测定培养液的吸光度。计算各浓度杀菌剂的抑菌率,使用SPSS21.0的Probit回归分析法计算抑制中浓度EC50。
5、结果
试验结果表2和图5-6表明:98%阿苯达唑原药对瓜类果斑病菌的抑制中浓度EC50为0.03mg/L,表现出很强的毒力。
表2.98%阿苯达唑原药对瓜类果斑病菌的室内毒力测定
测试例2:种子处理剂对瓜类果斑病的防治效果
1、种子处理剂制备
实验组:将实施例1~3的种子处理剂用清水稀释350倍制得种子处理剂;
药剂对照组:以杀菌剂1号(中国农业科学院植物保护研究所)稀释200倍为对照药剂处理;
阳性对照(CK1):以清水代替杀菌剂处理带菌种子作为阳性对照;
阴性对照(CK2):以清水处理健康种子作阴性对照。
2、处理方法:
将带菌种子浸入步骤1制备的种子处理剂中并不断搅拌使种子充分接触药液,浸泡2h、12h、24h后捞出种子用清水冲洗3次,置于吸水纸上风干。将风干后的种子放入无菌并铺有湿润吸水纸的培养皿中,置于28℃黑暗条件下的恒温培养箱中催芽3d。每个处理重复3次,每个处理总计100粒西瓜种子。
将发芽后的种子播种至育苗钵中,21d后调查发病株数,计算病情指数和防治效果。
病级划分标准:0级,叶片无病斑;1级,病斑较少,病斑面积占整叶面积5%以下;3级,病斑较多,病斑面积占整叶面积5%~30%;5级,病斑开始融合,病斑面积占整叶面积30%~50%;7级,病斑很多或融合成大斑,病斑面积占整叶面积50%以上,叶片未焦枯死亡;9级,病斑大面积融合,病斑面积占整个面积50%以上,叶片常焦枯死亡。
3、结果
试验结果表3和图7表明,使用本发明提供的10%和20%阿苯达唑悬浮剂处理带菌西瓜种子12h和24h对细菌性果斑病的防治效果达到100%,显著高于其他处理组的防治效果。
表3.杀菌剂浸种处理对细菌性果斑病的防治效果
注:病情指数数值为3个重复的平均值±标准误,不同小写字母表示同列中经Duncan氏新复极差法检验在P<0.05水平差异显著。
测试例3:种子处理剂对种子发芽率、出苗率影响
1、试验方法同测试例2,催芽3d后调查种子发芽率,将发芽后的种子播种至育苗钵中10d后调查出苗率。
2、结果
2.1种子处理剂对种子发芽率影响
杀菌剂处理对种子萌发率影响试验结果(表4和图8)表明,使用本发明提供的种子处理剂处理西瓜种子萌发率显著高于阳性对照。浸种12-24h,4个处理组中10%阿苯达唑悬浮剂处理的萌发率最高,接近阴性对照。
表4.杀菌剂处理对种子萌发率的影响
注:萌发率数值为3个重复的平均值±标准误,不同小写字母表示同列中经Duncan氏新复极差法检验在P<0.05水平差异显著。
2.2种子处理剂对种子出苗率影响
杀菌剂处理对种子出苗率影响试验结果(表5)表明,使用本发明提供的种子处理剂处理种子出苗率显著高于阳性对照,其中10%阿苯达唑悬浮剂浸泡12h-24h的出苗率高于或显著高于阴性对照。
表5.杀菌剂处理对出苗率的影响
注:出苗率数值为3个重复的平均值±标准误,不同小写字母表示同列中经Duncan氏新复极差法检验在P<0.05水平差异显著。
Claims (10)
1.阿苯达唑在制备防治瓜类细菌性果斑病病害的杀菌剂中的应用,其特征在于,所述阿苯达唑的结构式如式(Ⅰ)所示,
2.如权利要求1所述的应用,其特征在于,所述瓜类为葫芦科作物,所述病害由西瓜嗜酸菌Acidovoraxcitrulli引起。
3.如权利要求1或2所述的应用,其特征在于,所述杀菌剂用于种子处理。
4.如权利要求3所述的应用,其特征在于,所述杀菌剂中阿苯达唑用于防治瓜类细菌性果斑病的有效浓度为大于0.03mg/L。
5.一种用于防治瓜类细菌性果斑病的种子处理剂,其特征在于,所述种子处理剂包括阿苯达唑和助剂成分,所述助剂成分包括亚甲基双萘磺酸钠、农乳700#、黄原胶、白炭黑、乙二醇、苯甲酸钠。
6.如权利要求5所述的用于防治瓜类细菌性果斑病的种子处理剂,其特征在于,以质量百分比计,所述种子处理剂的组分包括:阿苯达唑5-20%、亚甲基双萘磺酸钠1-5%、农乳700#1-5%、黄原胶0.1-1%、白炭黑0.1-1%、乙二醇1-10%、苯甲酸钠0.1-0.5%,余量为水。
7.如权利要求6所述的用于防治瓜类细菌性果斑病的种子处理剂,其特征在于,以质量百分比计,所述种子处理剂的组分包括:阿苯达唑10%、亚甲基双萘磺酸钠2%、农乳700#3%、黄原胶0.3%、白炭黑0.5%、乙二醇5%、苯甲酸钠0.2%,余量为水。
8.一种防治瓜类细菌性果斑病的种子处理方法,其特征在于,包括:将权利要求5-7任一项所述的种子处理剂用水稀释100-600倍制得药剂稀释液,然后将种子浸泡在药剂稀释液中2-24h后捞出,清水洗涤后风干。
9.如权利要求8所述的处理方法,其特征在于,所述种子处理剂用水稀释350倍制得药剂稀释液,然后将瓜类种子浸泡在稀释液中并不断搅拌12-24h后捞出。
10.如权利要求8所述的处理方法,其特征在于,所述种子为葫芦科作物种子。
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