CN116505236A - Fused metamaterial antenna architecture based on SISL structure - Google Patents
Fused metamaterial antenna architecture based on SISL structure Download PDFInfo
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- CN116505236A CN116505236A CN202310494824.8A CN202310494824A CN116505236A CN 116505236 A CN116505236 A CN 116505236A CN 202310494824 A CN202310494824 A CN 202310494824A CN 116505236 A CN116505236 A CN 116505236A
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- 239000010410 layer Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 120
- 239000000758 substrate Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 104
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 33
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 29
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 29
- 230000005540 biological transmission Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 22
- 230000005855 radiation Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 19
- 239000002346 layers by function Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- 238000001914 filtration Methods 0.000 claims description 7
- RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Copper Chemical compound [Cu] RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- 229910052802 copper Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000010949 copper Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000004020 conductor Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 230000000737 periodic effect Effects 0.000 claims description 4
- 230000010354 integration Effects 0.000 abstract description 3
- 230000003993 interaction Effects 0.000 abstract description 2
- 230000004927 fusion Effects 0.000 description 4
- 238000004891 communication Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000001276 controlling effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000010287 polarization Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000006978 adaptation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000015556 catabolic process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000012141 concentrate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000006731 degradation reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000006872 improvement Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000005764 inhibitory process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000001465 metallisation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000002093 peripheral effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000009467 reduction Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000001105 regulatory effect Effects 0.000 description 1
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q1/00—Details of, or arrangements associated with, antennas
- H01Q1/36—Structural form of radiating elements, e.g. cone, spiral, umbrella; Particular materials used therewith
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q1/00—Details of, or arrangements associated with, antennas
- H01Q1/36—Structural form of radiating elements, e.g. cone, spiral, umbrella; Particular materials used therewith
- H01Q1/38—Structural form of radiating elements, e.g. cone, spiral, umbrella; Particular materials used therewith formed by a conductive layer on an insulating support
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q1/00—Details of, or arrangements associated with, antennas
- H01Q1/48—Earthing means; Earth screens; Counterpoises
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q1/00—Details of, or arrangements associated with, antennas
- H01Q1/50—Structural association of antennas with earthing switches, lead-in devices or lightning protectors
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q15/00—Devices for reflection, refraction, diffraction or polarisation of waves radiated from an antenna, e.g. quasi-optical devices
- H01Q15/0006—Devices acting selectively as reflecting surface, as diffracting or as refracting device, e.g. frequency filtering or angular spatial filtering devices
- H01Q15/0086—Devices acting selectively as reflecting surface, as diffracting or as refracting device, e.g. frequency filtering or angular spatial filtering devices said selective devices having materials with a synthesized negative refractive index, e.g. metamaterials or left-handed materials
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Abstract
The invention discloses a fused metamaterial antenna structure based on a SISL structure, which comprises an antenna with the SISL structure, wherein at least five layers of dielectric substrates are sequentially arranged from top to bottom, and metal layers are arranged on two sides of each layer of substrate; the first medium substrate forms a metamaterial functional layer by using metamaterial, the second medium substrate is provided with an upper cavity, the second medium substrate is a transmission layer, the ENZ material is embedded, the third medium substrate is an antenna layer, a feed source antenna is arranged, the fourth medium substrate is provided with a lower cavity, and the fifth medium substrate is a ground layer. According to the invention, PEC loading is performed by using a SISL structure, the radiation field of the feed source is concentrated in a cavity formed by the second dielectric substrate and the surrounding metal through holes, the interaction between the super surface and the feed source is enhanced, and the lateral radiation leakage of the feed source is reduced; embedding an ENZ material into the second dielectric substrate to ensure that the radiation performance is not degraded under the condition of the whole low section of the antenna; the whole antenna is packaged by the SISL structure except the radiation caliber, so that the integration level of the antenna is improved.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of antennas, in particular to a fused metamaterial antenna structure based on a SISL structure.
Background
Metamaterial has been focused by researchers in the antenna field due to its unique regulatory capability on electromagnetic waves since theory was proposed until successful implementation. According to different arrangements of the metamaterial, functions such as high gain, wide beam, multi-beam and the like can be realized. With the rapid development of modern communications, there is an increasing demand for portable mobile devices, with miniaturization and low profile being one of the main trends. The metamaterial antenna generally has the problem of higher profile, and the reduction of the profile can lead to the degradation of a part of performances such as directivity, side lobe level inhibition and the like, so that the metamaterial antenna is not easy to be practically applied.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims at solving the problems in the prior art, and provides a fused metamaterial antenna structure based on a SISL structure, which is a compact metamaterial antenna structure working in a 5G millimeter wave frequency band, wherein the loading of PEC boundary or mixed boundary of the SISL structure is utilized to enhance the control of a super surface to electromagnetic waves in a limited space, and near-zero dielectric constant (ENZ) material is utilized to reduce the whole section of an antenna, and the 5G communication antenna and the array with the functions of low section, high gain, broadband filtering, beam scanning and the like are realized by combining the filtering characteristic of a feed source antenna.
The technical scheme adopted for realizing the purpose of the invention is as follows:
a fused metamaterial antenna structure based on a SISL structure comprises an antenna with the SISL structure, and sequentially comprises at least five layers of dielectric substrates from top to bottom, wherein each layer of substrate is coated with copper on two sides to form a metal layer; the first medium substrate adopts a metamaterial to form a metamaterial functional layer, the second medium substrate is provided with a cavity at the upper layer, the second medium substrate is a transmission layer and is provided with a cavity at the upper layer, an ENZ material is embedded to form an ENZ material layer, the third medium substrate is an antenna layer, a feed source antenna is arranged, the fourth medium substrate is provided with a cavity at the lower layer, and the fifth medium substrate forms a grounding layer; the ENZ material layer changes feed source radiation by collimating effect of incident and emergent electromagnetic wavesThe amplitude and phase of the field being effected in a profile smaller than lambda 0 The metamaterial antenna maintains a predetermined radiation performance under low profile conditions.
The metamaterial layer is positioned on the first dielectric substrate and consists of a layer of metamaterial for controlling the phase and a layer of polarization control metamaterial or consists of a layer of metamaterial for controlling the phase.
The second medium substrate is composed of three layers of substrates, and comprises an upper transmission layer, an ENZ material layer and a lower transmission layer from top to bottom.
The upper transmission layer and the lower transmission layer are respectively formed by one layer of substrate or stacked by multiple layers of dielectric substrates.
The metal layer G9 formed by the fifth dielectric substrate is provided with an artificial magnetic conductor AMC structure, and is matched with the cavity formed by the fourth dielectric substrate to reduce the dielectric loss of the feed transmission line and enhance the performance of the feed antenna, or to realize the filtering function by using the artificial magnetic conductor AMC structure.
The metamaterial units capable of controlling the phase are used for being periodically arranged to form the metamaterial layer of the first dielectric substrate.
The first dielectric substrate is formed by stacking and connecting multiple layers of substrates, screw fixing holes are formed in the periphery of the first dielectric substrate so as to connect the multiple layers of substrates, metallized through holes with rectangular structures are formed in the substrates, and the metallized through holes are arranged on the inner sides of the screw fixing holes.
Wherein the ENZ material is printed and arranged in the form of a manually periodic material to form an ENZ material layer.
The feed source antenna adopts various planar antennas, including microstrip patch antennas and microstrip comb antennas.
According to the fused metamaterial antenna structure based on the SISL structure, PEC loading of the SISL structure is used, the radiation field of the feed source is concentrated in a cavity formed by the second dielectric substrate and the surrounding metal through holes, interaction between the super surface and the feed source is enhanced, and lateral radiation leakage of the feed source is reduced.
The ENZ material is embedded in the second dielectric substrate, so that radiation performance is not degraded under the condition of overall low profile of the antenna.
The whole antenna of the invention is packaged by SISL structure except the radiation caliber, thereby improving the integration level of the antenna.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a schematic diagram of a fused metamaterial antenna structure based on a SISL structure according to an embodiment of the present invention.
Fig. 2 is a schematic structural diagram of a second dielectric substrate according to an embodiment of the present invention.
Fig. 3 is a top view of an arrangement of metamaterial units in a circular ring in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention.
Fig. 4 is an overall view of a coaxial arrangement of metamaterial units for a plurality of circular rings in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention.
Fig. 5 is a top view of a metamaterial layer formed by periodically arranging a plurality of metamaterial units according to an embodiment of the present invention.
Fig. 6 is an overall layered view of a plurality of metamaterial units periodically arranged to form a metamaterial layer in a multi-layered structure in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention.
Fig. 7 is a schematic structural diagram of a high-gain metamaterial antenna based on a SISL structure according to an embodiment.
Fig. 8 is a pattern of a subsurface lens antenna without the addition of ENZ material.
Fig. 9 is a pattern of a super surface lens antenna with an ENZ material added.
Detailed Description
The invention is described in further detail below with reference to the drawings and the specific examples. It should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are for purposes of illustration only and are not intended to limit the scope of the invention.
The antenna architecture of the SISL fusion metamaterial provided by the embodiment of the application is a 5G communication antenna and an array which can realize one of functions or multi-function integration such as high gain, wide beam, filtering or beam scanning under the condition of low profile.
The antenna architecture of the SISL fusion metamaterial is realized by utilizing the technologies of PEC boundary loading of a SISL structure, collimation effect of an ENZ material on incident waves, super-surface beam forming and the like.
Referring to fig. 1, a fused metamaterial antenna structure based on a SISL structure comprises a typical antenna with a SISL structure, which can be divided into five layers, sequentially comprises five layers of dielectric substrates (such as a first dielectric substrate 1, a second dielectric substrate 2, a third dielectric substrate 3, a fourth dielectric substrate 4 and a fifth dielectric substrate 5) from top to bottom, and each layer of substrate is coated with copper on both sides to form a metal layer, so that the metal layer sequentially comprises a metal layer G1, a metal layer G2, a metal layer G3, a metal layer G4, a metal layer G5, a metal layer G6, a metal layer G7, a metal layer G9 and a metal layer G10 from top to bottom.
The first dielectric substrate 1 adopts a metamaterial to form a metamaterial functional layer, the second dielectric substrate 2 is provided with an upper cavity 6 (forming a transmission layer), the third dielectric substrate 3 is an antenna layer, the fourth dielectric substrate 4 is provided with a lower cavity 6, the fifth dielectric substrate 5 forms a grounding layer, and the architecture uses more than five layers of multilayer substrates to form the multifunctional SISL fusion metamaterial antenna according to actual requirements.
In some embodiments, the metamaterial layer 8 of the first dielectric substrate 1 forming the metamaterial functional layer may be formed by a layer of phase-controlled metamaterial and a layer of polarization-controlled metamaterial together, so as to realize a high-gain circularly polarized metamaterial antenna; the high gain metamaterial antenna may also be implemented with only one layer of phase-controlled metamaterial.
In some embodiments, the feed antenna 10 or the array is generally disposed on the metal layer G5 or the metal layer G6 (such as the patch antenna located on the metal layer G5 in fig. 1) on the third dielectric substrate 3, and the filter effect of the antenna can be achieved by designing the feed, so that the filter of the radio frequency front end is integrated on the antenna.
In some embodiments, the application of the SISL structure concentrates the energy radiated by the feed antenna into the cavity 6 formed by the second dielectric substrate 2 and the surrounding metal through holes, so that lateral energy leakage is reduced, and the artificial electromagnetic metamaterial positioned on the first dielectric substrate 1 can fully interact with the radiation field of the feed.
In some embodiments, the cavity formed by the fourth dielectric substrate 45 and the Artificial Magnetic Conductor (AMC) structure 7 of the metal layer G9 of the fifth dielectric substrate may reduce dielectric loss of the feed transmission line and enhance performance of the feed antenna or use AMC to implement a filtering function.
In some embodiments, as shown in fig. 2, the second dielectric substrate 2 may be formed by three layers of substrates together, including, from top to bottom, the upper transmission layer 21, the ENZ material layer 9 and the lower transmission layer 22, where the upper transmission layer 21 and the lower transmission layer 22 may be stacked by more layers of dielectric substrates according to actual requirements, because the distance between the feed antenna 10 and the first dielectric substrate 1 will be completely determined by the total thickness of the first dielectric substrate 2.
The upper transmission layer 21 and the lower transmission layer 22 are rectangular frame structures, are respectively arranged on the upper surface and the lower surface of the ENZ material layer 9, and are connected through metallized through holes. The positions of the near peripheral sides of the upper transmission layer 21, the ENZ material layer 9 and the lower transmission layer 22 have metallized through holes arranged in a rectangular shape, respectively.
In the embodiment of the present application, the ENZ material embedded in the cavity of the upper layer of the second dielectric substrate 2 may be an artificial periodic material printed on the ENZ material layer 9, and the ENZ material may change the amplitude and phase of the feed source radiation field by the collimation effect on the incident and emergent electromagnetic waves, so as to achieve the effect of (generally lambda 0 Hereinafter, lambda is 0 Vacuum electromagnetic wave wavelength of the working center frequency of the antenna), the metamaterial antenna can still keep good radiation performance.
It should be noted that, the SISL antenna is not limited to a typical five-layer dielectric substrate, and may be configured by using as few as three layers of dielectric or more than five layers of dielectric under the condition of ensuring performance, and the metal layers are also expanded into metal layers G1 to G14.
In some embodiments, the dielectric substrate with the multilayer structure realizes connection positioning through columnar threaded fixing positioning holes arranged around, the columnar positioning threaded fixing positioning holes are multiple, the dielectric substrate is prefabricated with matched positioning holes, as shown in fig. 7, and the upper layer and the lower layer are connected through prefabricated metallization through columnar metal through holes arranged around.
In the embodiment of the present application, the thickness of the multilayer dielectric substrate is set according to the specific situation, and generally, the thickness h of the fifth layer dielectric substrate 5 Thickness h of fourth layer dielectric substrate 4 Thickness h of third layer dielectric substrate 3 Thickness h of the second dielectric substrate is thinner s Thickness h of first layer dielectric substrate meta Thicker, wherein the thickness h of the second layer dielectric substrate s Thickness h of the first dielectric substrate meta The thickness of the other three dielectric substrates may be the same.
Take as an example a SISL fusion metamaterial antenna with low profile and high gain. In a specific embodiment, the annular metamaterial units 15 (using copper layers) shown in fig. 3 to 4 may be used to be periodically arranged to form the metamaterial layer 8 of the first dielectric substrate 1, each annular metamaterial unit is arranged in a rectangular area with a square shape and a side length p, each side has a metal copper layer with a thickness t, a rectangular frame structure surrounding the annular metamaterial unit is formed, the metal copper layers with the thickness t are vertically and horizontally arranged to form a periodic arrangement structure, a plurality of rectangular areas are formed, and the corresponding annular metamaterial units 15 are arranged in the corresponding rectangular areas, as shown in fig. 5. Wherein, the radius R of the hollow circle of the annular metamaterial unit 15 0 The radius of the whole circle is R 1 The annular metamaterial unit 15 has an annular thickness R 1 －R 0 。
Referring to fig. 5 and fig. 6, the first dielectric substrate 1 may be formed by stacking and connecting multiple layers of substrates 13, the peripheries of which are provided with screw fixing holes 12, and the multiple layers of substrates 13 are connected, wherein metallized through holes 14 are formed on the substrates and form a rectangular structure, the metamaterial layers 8 are arranged at the inner sides of the screw fixing holes and are formed by periodically arranging multiple circular metamaterial units 15, the circular sizes can be the same or different, for example, one or two rows of circular metamaterial units 15 with large diameters can be arranged at the middle position, two groups of circular metamaterial units 15 with diameters sequentially increasing from inside to outside are symmetrically arranged at two sides of the circular metamaterial units, as shown in fig. 5, but the diameter of the outermost circular metamaterial unit 15 is smaller than the diameter of the whole circle of the central circular metamaterial unit 15, and 5 rows are arranged at each side.
In some embodiments, in the multilayer substrate 13, the annular metamaterial units 15 are periodically arranged on one substrate at intervals to form the metamaterial layer 8, the metamaterial layer 8 is not arranged on the substrate between the substrates on which the annular metamaterial units 15 are periodically arranged, and the substrate is a rectangular plate and is provided with a metalized through hole and a screw fixing hole, as shown in fig. 6, and the substrate is of a five-layer structure, but of course, other layer structures can be also adopted, and the substrate is not limited to the case of this embodiment.
FIG. 7 shows a specific structure of a high-gain SISL metamaterial antenna designed by the architecture of FIG. 1, the antenna in FIG. 7 is not designed with a filtering function and an AMC structure, and is intended to compare antenna performances before and after addition of an ENZ material, a feed antenna 10 located in a metal layer G5 is a comb-shaped antenna, the working frequency is 10GHz, the radiation caliber D is 120mm×120mm (4λ) 0 ×4λ 0 ) Focal length f=30 mm (1.0λ 0 ) The designed SISL high-gain super-surface lens antenna has the Jiao Jing ratio of f/D=0.25, the Peak Realized Gain realized by performing phase compensation on the radiation field of the feed source through the super-surface is 16.7dBi, and the caliber efficiency is 29%.
Also at an operating frequency of 10GHz, the radiation aperture D was 120mm by 120mm (4λ 0 ×4λ 0 ) Focal length f=30 mm (1.0λ 0 ) In the second dielectric substrate, a layer of ENZ material is embedded at a position 10mm below the super surface, after the arrangement of the super surface is finely adjusted, the obtained Peak Realized Gain is 19.67dBi, and the caliber efficiency is improved to 59%.
Compared with the design before the ENZ material is not embedded, the antenna achieves higher caliber efficiency and the improvement rate is doubled under the condition that the whole framework, the radiation caliber and the feed source antenna are the same. Fig. 8 and 9 are gain pattern comparisons before and after addition of the ENZ material, respectively.
Note that the application of the ENZ material to reduce the cross section of the super-surface lens antenna in the present application is not limited to the high-gain super-surface antenna, and is also applicable to other super-surface antennas that realize functions including wide beam, beam scanning, and the like.
The foregoing is merely a preferred embodiment of the present invention and it should be noted that modifications and adaptations to those skilled in the art may be made without departing from the principles of the present invention, which are intended to be comprehended within the scope of the present invention.
Claims (9)
1. The fused metamaterial antenna structure based on the SISL structure is characterized by comprising an antenna with the SISL structure, wherein the antenna sequentially comprises at least five layers of dielectric substrates from top to bottom, and each layer of substrate is coated with copper on both sides to form a metal layer; the first medium substrate adopts a metamaterial to form a metamaterial functional layer, the second medium substrate is a cavity with an upper layer for a transmission layer, an ENZ material is embedded to form an ENZ material layer, the third medium substrate is an antenna layer, a feed source antenna is arranged, the fourth medium substrate is provided with a cavity with a lower layer, and the fifth medium substrate forms a grounding layer; the ENZ material layer changes the amplitude and the phase of a feed source radiation field through the collimation effect on the incident electromagnetic wave and the emergent electromagnetic wave, and realizes that the section is smaller than lambda 0 The metamaterial antenna maintains a predetermined radiation performance under low profile conditions.
2. The fused metamaterial antenna structure based on a SISL structure as claimed in claim 1, wherein the metamaterial layer located on the first dielectric substrate is composed of a layer of phase-controlling metamaterial and a layer of polarization-controlling metamaterial together or is composed of a layer of phase-controlling metamaterial.
3. The fused metamaterial antenna structure based on a SISL structure of claim 1 wherein the second dielectric substrate is composed of three layers of substrates, and comprises an upper transmission layer, an ENZ material layer and a lower transmission layer from top to bottom.
4. The fused metamaterial antenna structure based on the SISL structure as claimed in claim 3, wherein said upper and lower transmission layers are each composed of one layer of substrate or stacked of multiple layers of dielectric substrates.
5. The fused metamaterial antenna structure based on the SISL structure according to claim 1, wherein the metal layer G9 formed by the fifth dielectric substrate is provided with an artificial magnetic conductor AMC structure, and is matched with a cavity formed by the fourth dielectric substrate to reduce dielectric loss of a feed transmission line and enhance performance of the feed antenna, or the artificial magnetic conductor AMC structure is used for realizing a filtering function.
6. The fused metamaterial antenna structure based on the SISL structure as claimed in claim 1, wherein metamaterial units capable of achieving phase control are arranged periodically to form the metamaterial layer of the first dielectric substrate.
7. The fused metamaterial antenna structure based on the SISL structure as set forth in claim 1, wherein the first dielectric substrate is formed by stacking and connecting multiple layers of substrates, screw fixing holes are formed around the first dielectric substrate to connect the multiple layers of substrates, metallized through holes of rectangular structures are formed in the substrates, and the metallized through holes are arranged on the inner sides of the screw fixing holes.
8. The fused metamaterial antenna structure based on a SISL structure as claimed in claim 1, wherein the ENZ material is printed and arranged in the form of a manually periodic material to form an ENZ material layer.
9. The fused metamaterial antenna structure based on the SISL structure of claim 1 wherein the feed antenna adopts a planar antenna, and comprises a microstrip patch antenna and a microstrip comb antenna.
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| CN202310494824.8A CN116505236A (en) | 2023-05-05 | 2023-05-05 | Fused metamaterial antenna architecture based on SISL structure |
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| CN202310494824.8A CN116505236A (en) | 2023-05-05 | 2023-05-05 | Fused metamaterial antenna architecture based on SISL structure |
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